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This paper introduces a method of combining phase space reconstruction and symbolic dynamics to study the causality between urbanization and economic growth at different regional levels in Shandong Province and finds that there is a strong positive relationship between urbanization and economic growth from China, indicating that the development of urbanization can drive the economic growth. Then, according to the results of correlation analysis between respective subvariables belonging to urbanization and economic growth and the principle of "deleting strong and reserving weak," the paper selects the independent variable and dependent variable to explore the hidden causal mechanisms that drive the developing of urbanization and economic growth from China. The results show that (1) the pattern causality between the independent variable and the dependent variable is dominated by dark causality at the provincial level; (2) the pattern causality between the independent variable and the dependent variable is dominated by dark causality at the Jinan economic circles and the Lunan economic circles, but the positive causality is dominated at the Jiaodong economic circles; (3) the types of causality between the same evaluation index and PU in different regions are different, and furthermore the degrees of positive, negative, and dark causality are different at two levels and three regions. The conclusion shows that although there is an obvious positive interaction between urbanization and economic growth, the influences of many factors are neither positive nor negative causality, but dark causality, which plays an important role in developing urbanization and economic growth. This work is useful for studying the law of causality between urbanization and economic growth, and this interesting result can be extended to other economic events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many deep mining mines in southwestern Shandong Province of China are covered with thick loose layers. When mining near the loose layers, there is a risk of water and sand inrush, which threatens the personal safety of miners. The prediction of sudden water and sand inrush is difficult due to the comprehensive influence of many factors, and the influencing factors are fuzzy and random. To solve this problem, in this paper, a new risk assessment method of water and sand inrush based on comprehensive weight and cloud model was proposed. Seven factors are selected as indexes: the aquifer thickness, the thickness ratio of sand layer to clay layer, the thickness of bottom clay layer, the coal seam thickness, the percentage of core recovery, the geological structure, and the bedrock thickness. The assessment index system is established, and the index is divided into three grades. A comprehensive weighting method, which combines analytic hierarchy process (AHP), entropy weight method (EWM), and minimum entropy principle, is used to reasonably assign the weight of index. Based on the cloud generator equation, the membership function is obtained. The assessment result of the assessment object is obtained by combining the membership degree and the weight of index. The comprehensive weight-cloud model assessment method is applied to the risk assessment of water and sand inrush in the 6311-2 working face in the sixth mining area of Baodian Coal Mine. According to the assessment results, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) the bedrock thickness and the coal seam thickness are the main factors of water and sand inrush under loose layer mining; (2) the assessment results obtained by the comprehensive weight-cloud model method are consistent with the actual situation. The assessment method can provide scientific reference for the safe mining under the thick loose layer in the deep mines of southwest Shandong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dendrolites composed of light gray massive micrite limestone occur at the top of the Cambrian Zhangxia Formation in Houziyu Section, Zibo, Shandong Province. Because it is very difficult to study the genesis of microbial rocks through "the function of diagenesis filter," this paper analyzes its genetic mechanism by characterizing the sedimentary fabric and formation environment of dendrolites and it is of great significance to study microbial carbonate deposited in geological history in oil exploration. The Cambrian Zhangxia Formation in the Houziyu section is a marine deposit. The macroscopic shrub-like fabric of centimeter scale can be seen on the surface of the tree-shaped stone, with small biological burrows and remnants of calcareous mud components after filling. The microstructure observation shows that the main fabric of the dendrolites is a dark micrite matrix, bright calcite cement, clastic particles, and a calcified cyanobacteria biological community. Detailed supplementary information on the diversity of calcified microorganisms in dendrolites has been made through the study of various types of calcified cyanobacteria and calcified residual substances in the microbial membrane of calcified cyanobacteria in the dendrolites of the study area. It is clear that dendrolites are the product of the calcification of biofilms or microbial mats dominated by cyanobacteria. With the deepening of this kind of research, it is bound to raise the research of microbial carbonate to a new level in China and provide great help to find oil and gas resources in marine strata of microbial origin in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the main factor of China's higher education, effective evaluation of the scientific research efficiency of domestic universities is extremely significant to improve the scientific research management system of local universities, optimize the allocation of scientific research resources, and promote regional economic development. Based on the ten-year statistical data of the compilation of science and technology statistics of colleges and universities, this paper adopts the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to study the scientific research efficiency of 31 provincial universities in Shandong Province from three dimensions: level, type, and region. The results show that, first, the overall scientific research efficiency of the sample universities is not high and takes on a downward trend; there are some differences, changes in the same direction, and level convergence in each dimension of scientific research efficiency. Second, there is a positive correlation between the comprehensive scientific research strength of the sample universities and the technical efficiency. Third, the level of regional economic development has a positive impact on the scale efficiency of scientific research, which is closely related to the technical efficiency, and there is no positive correlation between these two. Thus, the research suggests that, in the future, colleges and universities should formulate differentiated management policies, build a "Government University" two-level scientific research performance evaluation system guided by scientific research quality, change the concept of scientific research managers, and improve the ability of personnel to improve the efficiency of scientific research in colleges and universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing the total carbon emissions of the logistics industry is one of the basic requirements for the development of a low-carbon economy. Based on the AHP analytic hierarchy process and the 1-9 value scaling method, an evaluation index system for the low-carbon development of the logistics industry is constructed. At present, the development of low-carbon logistics requires the combination of low-carbon technology and low-carbon management to ensure the integrity and dynamics of low-carbon logistics control. The results of this study show that in the AHP index analysis of the development of logistics industry in Shandong Province, compared with 13 evaluation indexes of low-carbon logistics and traditional logistics, low-carbon logistics is significantly better than traditional logistics. Among them, the implementation of low-carbon logistics policy system has increased the energy utilization rate to 88.72%, the recovery rate of warehousing and logistics waste to 92.11%, and other relevant indicators have also been improved and optimized to varying degrees. Based on the EKC model curve, the total carbon emissions from 2015 to 2019 showed a downward trend month by month. The future development of low-carbon logistics mainly starts with reducing the total carbon emission of logistics transportation and improving energy utilization. Aiming at the main influencing factors of the development of low-carbon logistics, this paper puts forward specific measures for the development of low-carbon logistics, in order to promote the development of low-carbon logistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the correlation between academic performance and learning motivation in English course under a corpus-data-driven blended teaching model, this study set research objects as 62 year-2020-enrolled undergraduate students majoring in English from a university in Jinan City, Shandong Province, eastern China. According to their previous frequencies of using information technology to learn English, these 62 students were divided into two groups: practice group with high frequency and control group with low frequency, with 31 students in each group. The two groups of students were taught 3 English lessons per week for a total of 15 weeks by the exact same teachers using a corpus-data-driven blended teaching model. The students' English academic performances were assessed by well-organized final tests, and their English learning motivations were measured by a motivation scale and questionnaires. The results show that the correlation coefficients between the average score of motivation questionnaires, intrinsic motivation factors, extrinsic motivation factors, and the average score of academic performances in practice group were 0.894, 0.682, and 0.724, respectively, while those in control group were 0.749, 0.836, and 0.904. In all the above correlation analyses, the significance level is 0.01, and all coefficient values are higher than critical value. Hence, there is a positive correlation between learning motivation and academic performance of the two groups of subjects. It is found that the corpus-data-driven blended teaching model has a significant impact on college students' English academic performance and learning motivation, and it has a positive effect on the improvement of their English academic performance and the cultivation of learning motivation. In general, the key to this teaching model lies in reasoning and acquisition by analyzing the language provided by the corpus, and the whole process of data-driven learning is student-centered. Students are exposed to a large number of authentic language knowledge and cultural information, which promotes the sensitivity to relevant points. The results of this paper provide a reference for further research on the analysis of the correlation between academic performance and learning motivation in English course under the corpus-data-driven blended teaching model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green has become the underpinning of High-quality development in China. Green development is inseparable from the support of institutional governance. This study uses MVC mode to build institutional governance mechanism, and constructs institutional governance system and model of regional green development. The empirical results show the following: institutional governance has great influence on industrial green development. From the perspective of China's provincial industrial green development, Shandong Province has been maintaining the first position of governance investment. Green governance is better in southern China than in the northern provinces. And the institutional governance intensity of each province is not evenly distributed. Therefore, China's industrial green development still needs to further strengthen the system governance of northwest and northeast regions. Finally, this paper aims to improve the green development level of China's regional industrial economy through the construction of institutional governance system. It provides institutional environment for the development of green innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate electricity load forecasting is an important prerequisite for stable electricity system operation. In this paper, it is found that daily and weekly variations are prominent by the power spectrum analysis of the historical loads collected hourly in Tai'an, Shandong Province, China. In addition, the influence of the extraneous variables is also very obvious. For example, the load dropped significantly for a long period of time during the Chinese Lunar Spring Festival. Therefore, an artificial neural network model is constructed with six periodic and three nonperiodic factors. The load from January 2016 to August 2018 was divided into two parts in the ratio of 9 : 1 as the training set and the test set, respectively. The experimental results indicate that the daily prediction model with selected factors can achieve higher forecasting accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a traffic cyber physical system for urban road traffic signal control, which is referred to as UTSC-CPS. With this proposed system, managers and researchers can realize the construction and simulation of various types of traffic scenarios, the rapid development, and optimization of new control strategies and can apply effective control strategies to actual traffic management. The advantages of this new system include the following. Firstly, the fusion architecture of private cloud computing and edge computing is proposed for the first time, which effectively improves the performance of software and hardware of the urban road traffic signal control system and realizes information security perception and protection in cloud and equipment, respectively, within the fusion framework; secondly, using the concept of parallel system, the depth of real-time traffic control subsystem and real-time simulation subsystem is realized. Thirdly, the idea of virtual scene basic engine and strategy agent engine is put forward in the system design, which separates data from control strategy by designing a general control strategy API and helps researchers focus on control algorithm itself without paying attention to detection data and basic data. Finally, considering China, the system designs a general control strategy API to separate data from control strategy. Most of the popular communication protocols between signal controllers and detectors are private protocols. The standard protocol conversion middleware is skillfully designed, which decouples the field equipment from the system software and achieves the universality and reliability of the control strategy. To further demonstrate the advantages of the new system, we have carried out a one-year practical test in Weifang City, Shandong Province, China. The system has been proved in terms of stability, security, scalability, practicability and rapid practice, and verification of the new control strategy. At the same time, it proves the superiority of the simulation subsystem in the performance and simulation scale by comparing the different-scale road networks of Shunyi District in Beijing and Weifang City in Shandong Province. Further tests were conducted using real intersections, and the results were equally valid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feline panleukopenia (FPL) is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by infection with feline parvovirus (FPV) and canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2). In recent years, the number of cats with FPL has increased with the expansion of pet cat population in China. The feces of 51 cats with diarrhea symptoms collected from 2021 to 2022 in Eastern Shandong, China, were detected by polymerase chain reaction for parvovirus and other viruses related to feline diarrhea to investigate the prevalence and gene variation of parvovirus in cats. In all the 51 samples, 45.1% (23/51) were positive for at least one viral pathogen, and the positivity of parvovirus was 41.2% (21/51), showing a high prevalence. Multiple-pathogen testing indicated high-coinfection rates of 42.9% (9/21) with other common viruses in parvovirus-positive cats. Most of the coinfections are feline coronavirus (FCoV), followed by feline astrovirus (FAstV) and feline bocavirus (FBoV). The complete VP2 sequences of 21 parvoviruses were obtained. Among them, 20 sequences were identified as FPV, and only one was CPV-2c of Asian origin, which was first detected from cats in Eastern Shandong, China. A phylogenetic tree of the 20 FPVs was constructed together with 698 FPVs (cat/dog host) worldwide on the basis of complete VP2. The 18 FPVs displayed high-sequence identity to one another (99.8%–100%), and they were clustered into FPV-G1 group, whereas the other two were clustered into FPV-G3 group. The FPV-G1 group increased dramatically to become predominant after 2019 in China, contributing to the prevalence of A91S mutation due to 96.07% FPV-G1 with A91S mutation as well as 100% of FPV-G2 and 99.12% of FPV-G3 with 91A in the statistical analysis. This study enriched the understanding of the prevalence, molecular evolution, and cross-species transmission of parvovirus in cats and provided a basis for responding to challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of FPL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expressway transportation is an essential part of regional development. An efficient expressway system can enhance cities' connectivity and coordinate long-distance trips between urban areas. Understanding how travel demand affects the flow of expressways is crucial to designing an efficient expressway management system. However, congested expressways are substantial obstacles to unimpeded expressway travel. Here, we explore the relationship between demand origin locations and congested expressways. We extract the time-varying OD demand matrix from empirical tollgate data collected in Shandong province, China. The incremental traffic assignment method is introduced to obtain the traffic flow of expressway road segments. It was found that congested expressways were generated due to only a few origin locations. In addition, expressway congestion during peak hours could be effectively alleviated by controlling the travel demand of these origin locations. Therefore, the proposed method can provide a novel perspective for expressway management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel duck orthoreovirus can infect various hosts, mainly causing spleen necrosis and hemorrhagic necrotizing hepatitis, leading to immunosuppression and growth impairment. Infectious diseases characterized by swollen hock joints, movement disorders, and impaired growths have recently occurred in significant duck breeding areas in China. Infected ducks from Shandong Province were selected, and N-DRV-LY20 was isolated from the swollen joints. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of N-DRV-LY20 and homology analysis showed that all ten fragments had the highest homology to N-DRV and the closest affinity to Duck/N-DRV-XT18/China/2018. After artificial inoculation with N-DRV-LY20 virus solution, Cherry Valley ducks showed the same symptoms of leg swelling and hock joint deformation, which were not explored in previous studies. A long history of evolution has led to significant variation in DRV and altered its pathogenicity. In this study, we confirmed the ability of N-DRV to cause viral arthritis in ducks and clarified this isolate's genetic characteristics and level of variation, providing a basis for the control and variation detection of N-DRV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goose astrovirus genotype 2 (GoAstV2), as a contagious pathogen of fatal visceral gout in goslings, has been widely distributed in major goose-producing regions in China since 2017, leading to significant economic losses to the Chinese goose industry. In this study, a novel goose astrovirus (GoAstV-SDHZ) was isolated and identified from laying hens with nephritis for the first time. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced genome of ORF2 gene revealed that the GoAstV-SDHZ strain clustered into Group 2 GoAstVs and shared the highest identity with the other representative GoAstV2 in the nucleotide (ORF1a: 97.2–99.7%; ORF1b: 98.4–99.8%; ORF2: 97.2–99.9%) and amino acid sequence (ORF1a: 98.2–100%; ORF1b: 98.8–99.6%; ORF2: 97.4–99.6%). In summary, this study provides the first evidence of the GoAstV2 infection in Chinese laying hens, which raises potential threat to the poultry industry in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the first report from Cherry Valley ducks on a commercial duck farm in China (2008), duck astrovirus type 1(DAstV‐1)‐associated duck viral hepatitis (DVH) have been detected in several commercial duck flocks. A highly acute disease characterized by hepatitis broke out in ducklings in Shandong Province in March 2021, all diseased ducks have been immunized against the duck viral hepatitis vaccine. One DAstV‐1 strain, designated as DAstV‐SDWF, was isolated from a diseased duckling. Here, the isolation, cultivation, and characterization of DAstV‐1 isolate are described. The isolated astrovirus grew well in the LMH cell line. To determine the entire genomic of the DAstV‐SDWF isolate, the next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technique was conducted on the Illumina HiSeq platform. Complete genome sequence analysis revealed that DAstV‐SDWF isolate was 91.6%–98.6% homology with others DAstV‐1 deposited in Genbank. Similar clinical symptoms were successfully reproduced by an experimental infection study using the DAstV‐SDWF isolate. DAstV‐SDWF is the first DAstV‐1 strain whose experimental infection study has been conducted in China. Results of the above data demonstrated that DAstV‐1 could be one of the causative agents of the DVH occurring in China. The present works are likely to provide new insights into the pathogenicity and evolution of DAstV‐1 in ducks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, people's life pressure is increasing. In order to help alleviate the pressure of professional mothers' upbringing, in this study, the treatment program for working mothers or parental education program was analyzed. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 278 mothers of male and female infants aged 0–5 in three kindergartens in Liaocheng City, Shandong Province. SPSS 23.0 software was used for frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. This study aims to improve the mood and self-esteem of working mothers with young children, and briefly introduce the policy of providing important support in addition to relatives. The results show that: first, the age of children is the cause of mother's parenting pressure. The younger the children are, the greater the parenting pressure is; second, the higher the mother's sense of parenting efficacy, the lower the parenting pressure; third, the higher the mother's self-esteem, the lower the parenting pressure; fourth, the social support that working mothers receive may reduce their childcare pressure. Reducing the parental rearing pressure of working mothers with low self-esteem can help actively promote the positive development of their children. This article provides some reference for the relief of the pressure of professional mothers' parenting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic science region of marine management boundary lines among different provinces within the extent at least of the territorial sea is of great means to promote the sustainable growth of China's marine economy. There are 11 provinces along the coastal regions of the Chinese Mainland, and the scientific division of marine management boundaries among different provinces within the extents of the territorial sea is of great importance in promoting the sustainability of China's marine economy. We conducted a case study of maritime boundary demarcation between Jiangsu and Shandong Provinces, and a fuzzy evaluation index system with 14 indices in three subsets was developed to evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of maritime boundary delimitation, determine the optimal scheme, and address shortages in the current evaluation indicators and evaluation methods. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the entropy weight method were used to calculate the combined weights of indices. Three maritime border delimitation schemes, namely, the historical boundary delimitation scheme, angle bisector delimitation scheme, and equidistance delimitation scheme, were evaluated using the comprehensive evaluation indices. Results show that the equidistance delimitation scheme is relatively superior to the two other schemes. The evaluation index is 0.504761, and the evaluation grade is "good." The second best delimitation scheme is the angle bisector. The grade is "moderate," and the evaluation index is 0.361641. The most ineffective boundary delimitation scheme is the historical one. The grade is "bad," and the evaluation index is 0.135345. More consideration should be given to people's livelihoods and the safeguarding of national marine rights and interests in the late optimization of maritime boundary delimitation schemes. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation technique based on AHP-entropy weight can help decision-makers choose the optimum scheme by providing a quantitative top-down sequence of schemes in terms of quality and solving estimate difficulties in maritime boundary delimitation schemes. As a result, it has a wide range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2013, there have been an increasing number of cases of arthritis in broilers caused by avian orthoreovirus (ARV) in China, and the virus remains highly virulent in chicks with high‐level maternal antibodies. However, little information is available about the complete gene analysis and pathogenicity of the epidemic ARVs. In the study, the ARV strain (V‐ARV‐SD26) was isolated from broilers associated with arthritis in Shandong Province. To genetically characterize the ARV strain, the whole‐genome sequencing was conducted by next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technique. Sequence analysis demonstrated that V‐ARV‐SD26 might have acquired its current genomic composition through several homologous and, in case of the λC, μA and σB, divergent reassortment events. To further investigate the pathogenicity of the strain, 160 one‐day‐old Ross broilers with maternal antibodies were equally divided into four groups (foodpad‐, eye mucosa‐ and intramuscular‐inoculated groups and the negative control group), three experimental groups were inoculated separately with the low‐dose virus fluid, and the negative control was equally inoculated with sterile PBS. The results showed that the symptoms of broilers in foodpad inoculation group were the most serious, while that of the eye mucosa infection group were the mildest. Meanwhile, the cloacal cotton swabs and organs were collected for qRT‐PCR detection to evaluate the infection status. In conclusion, these findings indicate that V‐ARV‐SD26 is a divergent ARV strain, which provide experimental data for the prevention and control of newly emerged reovirus, and have a certain reference value for the preparation and evaluation of new vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the significant influencing factors of driver injury severity in single-vehicle (SV) crashes under foggy and clear weather conditions. Based on data for SV crashes in Shandong Province, China, the mixed logit model (MLM) was employed to interpret driver injury severity for SV crashes in clear and foggy weather. The results showed that there are significant differences in the influencing factors of the severity of SV crashes in foggy and clear weather. Specifically, 15 factors are significantly associated with the severity of SV crashes in clear weather, and 18 factors are significantly associated with the severity of SV crashes in foggy weather. In addition, young drivers (age < 30), non-dry road surfaces, and signal control significantly influence the severity of foggy weather crashes but not clear weather crashes. Self-employment and weekends have significant effects on the severity of crashes only in clear weather. Interestingly, drivers whose occupation is farming showed opposite trends in the effect of crash severity in foggy and clear weather. Based on the findings of this research, some potential countermeasures can be adopted to reduce crash severity in foggy and clear weather. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In deep coalmines, longwall panels are subject to high static initial geostress andhigh dynamic stress caused by mining and tunnelling activities. Under the action of high static and dynamic stress, rockburst hazards are very likely to occur. To reduce rockburst risks, protective panels are commonly applied in deep coalmines. However, stress concentration in the protective coal panel often causes rockburst hazards in the gateway of the next longwall panel pending mining. To reduce such type of rockburst, this study firstly proposes a mathematic model to analyse the overall static stress distribution in the protective panel based on the mining practice in Longyun coalmine, Shandong Province, China. To evaluate the stress concentration caused by geological defects in the protective panel, a new rockburst evaluation index is proposed based on the computed tomography (CT) method. Finally, the extent of dynamic stress evolution caused by different working face advancing velocities is determined by microseismic monitoring. Results show that the areas with higher rockburst evaluation indexes are highly associated with the areas with large-energy microseismic events, indicating that the static stress concentration can be accurately identified by the CT method. A medium advancing velocity (4.0 m/s) is recommend during mining the longwall panel, which can ensure mining safety and improve mining productivity simultaneously. The integrated microseismic and CT monitoring methods can be used in other underground projects to guarantee construction safety and productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roadway floor rock burst is an important manifestation of rock bursts in deeply buried mines. With the increase of mining depth and mining intensity, rock burst disasters in the roadway floor such as floor heaves are becoming more serious. The article investigated the roadway floor severe heave caused by floor rock burst during excavation of the No. 3401 working face, which was controlled by an anticlinal structure and deep mining in Shandong Mine, China. Firstly, by analyzing geological conditions of the working face, roadway support parameters, and characteristics of coal and rock, it was revealed that high tectonic stress and high crustal stress were main causes of the floor rock burst. Secondly, based on the Theory of Mechanics and Theory of Energy, the energy conversion process in the roadway floor was discussed, and the rock burst condition caused by elastic energy in the roadway floor was analyzed. The failure characteristics of roadway-surrounding rock were also inspected, using a borehole recorder. The roof and sidewalls of roadway mainly contained fissures and cracks, whereas cracks and broken areas are distributed in the roadway floor. Finally, based on the deformation and failure characteristics of roadway-surrounding rock, a method termed "overbreaking-bolting and grouting-backfill" was proposed to control roadway floor rock burst. The method was tested in the field, and the results showed that it could effectively control the deformation of roadway floor and rock burst, guaranteeing the stability of roadway floor. This impact control method for the roadway floor can provide a reference for the prevention and control of roadway rock burst in mines with similar geological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]