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Through the analysis of the risk transmission mechanism of chemical substances in toys, this paper identifies risk sources, transmission carriers, key nodes, and risk recipients, and draws a risk transmission path diagram. Taking the risk factors in the supply chain system as the research subject, this paper constructs a risk index system for chemical substances' limit in toys, and calculates the probability of risk and the degree of influence by the fuzzy evaluation method. Based on the Bayesian network model, this paper analyzes the causality of risk transmission effects. Through the comprehensive use of fuzzy evaluation and Bayesian network methods, a relatively complete chemical substance risk transmission path assessment system has been established using China's Guangdong toy companies as the data store to provide a feasible basis for responding to the risk control measures of toxic and hazardous chemical substances in toys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deepening production-education integration (PEI) is a major strategy of China to reinforce education reform and promote industry transformation. Different from the traditional research perspective of colleges on the supple side, this paper chooses to evaluate the PEI performance of the high-tech industry from the angle of industry on the demand side. Firstly, the action mechanisms of the education system and industry system in PEI were expounded, and the design framework of the evaluation index system (EIS) was derived from the interactions between two elements (technologies and talents) and two market relationships (supply and demand), forming a two-dimensional four-quadrant EIS. On this basis, the correlation-entropy composite matter-element (CECME) model and coupling coordination degree (CCD) model were introduced to empirically compare the PEI performance of the high-tech industry between Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao (GHKM) Greater Bay Area, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) Urban Agglomeration, and Yangtze River Delta (YRD) Urban Agglomeration. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the GHKM Greater Bay Area is far better in education and industry development than YRD Urban Agglomeration and BTH Urban Agglomeration; (2) the PEI performance of the high-tech industry in GHKM Greater Bay Area was evaluated as high level with industry in lead, that in YRD Urban Agglomeration as moderate level with education in lead, and that in BTH Urban Agglomeration high-tech industry PEI as moderate level with industry in lag. Finally, several countermeasures were proposed for the urban agglomerations to further enhance the PEI performance of the high-tech industry: GHKM Greater Bay Area should improve the weak link of education development; YRD Urban Agglomeration should give full play to its advantages in higher education; BTH Urban Agglomeration should focus on high-quality industry development. From the practical level, this paper objectively evaluates the actual performance of PEI and provides a reference for scientific policymaking of PEI development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article innovatively builds the infrastructure of farmer credit rating index system into a multilevel unidirectional network structure. First, according to the logical structure of the three-level credit rating index system, a four-level unidirectional network is constructed, and the credit rating calculation formulas of all indexes at the four-level network are established. Furthermore, the special cases of the credit rating formula with the first- and second-level farmer credit rating index system are discussed. On this basis, it is extended to a credit rating index system with more than four levels, and the corresponding credit rating formula is established. Finally, the general formula of credit rating formula of the farmer credit rating index system from first level to multilevel is obtained. In order to solve the problem of farmers' credit rating, this paper also designs a linear segmentation classifier to classify the results of multilayer unidirectional network, establishes the rules of farmers' credit rating and the unidirectional network linear segmentation evaluation model of farmers' credit rating, and discusses the properties of bank credit based on farmers' credit rating. Finally, the model established in this paper is applied to the credit rating of farmers in A County, Guangdong Province in China. When the credit rating of 160 farmers is carried out, the evaluation results are in line with the actual credit rating of farmers in A County, with an accuracy of 100%. This research has the maneuverability to carry on the scientific credit rating to the countryside. This study has important method guidance and operability for rural credit rating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, a lot of work has been done in the protection and utilization of intangible cultural heritage in South China, while there are dilemmas such as the variation of inheritance content, the extinction of heritage, and the absence of inheritors, it is urgent to strengthen the protection of intangible cultural heritage with realistic reasons. This paper adopts human geography research methods, based on SPSS mathematical statistics, GIS spatial analysis, and econometric models, to analyze the spatial differentiation characteristics of 10 types of intangible cultural heritage in the region and their influencing factors based on 1,708 intangible cultural heritage data from various regions in South China, according to five regions, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Hong Kong, and Macao. It was found that (1) the intangible cultural heritage in South China is distributed in clusters, with the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong and Guinan in Guangxi being the core areas of high-density intangible cultural heritage; (2) the characteristics of spatial differentiation of intangible cultural heritage in the region are influenced by a combination of factors, among which the pattern distribution is obviously influenced by cultural factors such as the distribution of ethnic minorities and the number of museums. Finally, from the perspective of revitalization, protection, and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, the government should propose dialectical and integrated protection of intangible cultural heritage in South China while continuously enhancing its living and contemporary flavor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mystery of China's economic growth has been widely concerned by the world. However, little attention has been paid to the transformation of the economic growth momentum of Guangdong Province, which has long occupied the top in China's economic growth. This paper analyzes the evolution and the transformation of the momentum source of economic growth in Guangdong Province from 1979 to 2019, using Total Factor Productivity Growth Decomposition method. The results show that capital investment contributes the most to economic growth, the contributions of total factor productivity, and labor input rank second and third, respectively; the change of the contribution of each momentum source to GDP growth mainly comes from the impact of the secondary industry. Both industrial capital productivity and capital allocation structure play a negative role in driving the overall capital productivity, and both industrial labor productivity and labor allocation structure play a positive role in driving the overall labor productivity. Industrial factor productivity and industrial factor allocation structure play a major positive role and a weak negative role in promoting economic growth, respectively. Our findings provide some ideas on how to maintain economic growth in the new era especially for the developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public subsidies for offshore wind power will be eliminated in 2022. At present, offshore wind power still depends on subsidies. In this new situation, it is necessary to study the influence on the stakeholders and how the offshore wind power industry achieves healthy and sustainable development. Firstly, this paper qualitatively analyzes the impact of the cancellation of state subsidies on offshore wind turbine manufacturers and developers and finds that if there is no subsidy to relay offshore wind power, the development of offshore wind power will stagnate, and the wind turbine manufacturers will face great challenges. Then, by constructing the subsidy demand calculation model and the transmission and distribution price cross subsidy calculation model according to China's electricity price-related policies, the results show that the local subsidy is basically feasible to continue the national subsidy, and the burden is decreasing year by year, so the relay subsidy should be continued. Based on the cloud model, an evaluation model for the development of offshore wind power benefits from the cancellation of national subsidies is constructed to quantify the impact of the cancellation of overseas subsidies on local governments and power grid enterprises. According to the example analysis, under the background of the cancellation of national subsidies, Guangdong has the best development of offshore wind power benefits, which verifies the feasibility of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the comprehension and utilization of lightweight cellular concrete mixed with fly ash (LCCF) and ensure project quality in subgrade construction engineering, the construction techniques and quality control measures of LCCF are studied in this paper. The corresponding research contents, based on a specific project case located in Guangdong Province, are as follows. Firstly, the construction technology process and technological measures are put forward, according to the site construction conditions and quality requirements. Secondly, the feasibility of indoor mixture ratio is further verified by measuring the fluidity, wet density, and strength on-site. Thirdly, the suitable pouring thickness of the single layer and reasonable interval time between layers are determined by the vertical delamination test and surface strength test. In this paper, the indoor mixture ratio of LCCF has been improved through tests such as single factor test and multifactor orthogonal test considering factors like fly ash, water-binder ratio, and foam. Some highlights of this article are as follows: the preparation methods of lightweight concrete in laboratory and in situ are given. And two patented test devices are used for the strength test along with the depth and surface strength test, respectively. Besides, the practical engineering case is Lianjing Bridge, of which mileage pile number is K80 + 679.679∼K80 + 760.113, which is part of a highway in Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the two-party static game between market supervisory organization and peer-to-peer (P2P) lending platform. Considering 4 game modes with both "strong supervision" and "weak supervision" of market supervisory organization and "compliance management" and "noncompliance management" of P2P lending platform, the paper establishes a static game model between P2P lending platform and market supervisory organization and solves the market equilibrium solutions. Based on income, cost, disguised cost, and fine of P2P lending platform and income, cost, and reward of market supervisory organization, it discusses conditional strategies that P2P lending platform selects "compliance management" or "noncompliance management" and that market supervisory organization selects "strong supervision" or "weak supervision," respectively. Furthermore, the relevant influencing factors are analyzed which come from 18 P2P lending platforms in Guangdong Province of China, and the conclusions were in good agreement with the actual market. The research has scientific guiding significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the impact of the development of the logistics industry on economic growth based on panel data of 21 cities in Guangdong Province in China from 2007 to 2019. Using the overall entropy method, the comprehensive development index of the logistics industry is constructed to capture the performance of the logistics industry. On this basis, by using Moran's index, we measure the spatial agglomeration effect of the logistics industry. Furthermore, direct and spatial spillover effects are also obtained. The estimation results of the spatial Durbin model (SDM) reveal that the elasticity coefficient of the effect of the comprehensive development level of the logistics industry on economic growth is 0.2590, which is significant at the 1% level. In addition, the coefficient of the direct effect of the logistics industry on local economic growth is 0.4074, and the coefficient of the spatial spillover effect on the economic growth of the surrounding areas is 0.3596, which are both significant at the 1% level. These results indicate that the development of the logistics industry can not only improve local economic growth but also promote the economic growth of the surrounding regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) has had a significant impact on the pig industry, particularly in China. However, the evolutionary characteristics and pathogenicity of NADC34-like PRRSV strains within intensive farming systems are not well understood, particularly regarding the biological characteristic variation of successive outbreaks on a farm. In this study, we conducted continuous surveillance in an intensive farm that experienced a PRRSV outbreak. Two PRRSV strains, GDHZ109/2020 and GDYS162/2022, were isolated and fully sequenced from the same swine farm in Guangdong Province in 2020 and 2022, respectively. Evolutionary analysis based on the ORF5 gene revealed that both strains clustered with NADC34-like strains and shared 96.5% homology. Analysis of the full-length genome and NSP2 gene classified the strains into lineage 1.8, represented by the NADC30 strain. Recombination analysis suggested complex recombination patterns for both strains, involving NADC30-like, NADC34-like, and JXA1-like strains. Although many recombinant regions were nearly identical, there were differences observed in the NSP5–NSP7 region. Pathogenicity experiments conducted on piglets demonstrated that GDHZ109/2020 exhibited higher pathogenicity compared to GDYS162/2022. Piglets in the GDHZ109/2020 infected group had more severe clinical signs and higher mortality. Moreover, analysis of respiratory microbial diversity indicated a significant increase in the abundance of potentially pathogenic microbiota, such as Klebsiella and Erysipelothrix contributing to the respiratory tract of PRRSV-infected piglets, suggesting secondary infections due to differences in immune defense. These findings highlight the importance of NADC34-like recombinant strains' evolution during the farm's epidemic period, which may have contributed to changes in pathogenicity. This study improves our understanding of the current prevalence of PRRSV and provides novel insights into the prevention and control of PRRSV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blasting excavation of a bedding rock slope is a common problem in highway construction in mountainous areas. Accurate simulation of damage area caused by blasting excavation is of great significance for the subsequent maintenance of slopes. Based on a highway construction project in Guangdong province of China, a tensile and compressive damage model was used to simulate the whole process of blasting excavation of a typical bedding rock slope. The analysis results show that damage first appears just around the blasting hole and then develops to the both sides and the bottom of the blasting hole, and finally a large range of damage appears in the lower part of the blasting hole, and the damage depth on the right-side slope is around 2 m, which is in consistent with the scene. Besides, damage also occurs in the middle of the bedding rock mass of the slope. At the same time, the history analysis of vibration velocity also indicates that tensile failure appears on the right-side slope under the blasting hole. Therefore, the stability of the slope can be assessed by analyzing the distribution of damage factors and the vibration velocity characteristics synthetically. In addition, parameter analysis was also carried out to optimize the blasting design by controlling the blasting load so as to obtain the ideal blasting excavation effect and ensure the stability of the slope under blasting load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is experiencing the rapid development of infrastructure projects throughout the country, especially in the Guangdong-Hong Kong SAR-Macao SAR Greater Bay Area. This is placing the Chinese construction industry under tremendous pressure to transition to a sustainability orientation due to the various economic, social, and environmental challenges involved. The transition to more sustainable infrastructure projects requires the involvement of more stakeholders, while the multistakeholder context is of less importance when making project decisions, and this may create an adverse effect on the sustainability level of infrastructure projects. Based on the questionnaire data collected, this study addresses this issue by comparatively analysing stakeholder perceptions of sustainable infrastructure delivery between Guangdong province, Hong Kong SAR, and Macao SAR. Through independent sample t-tests, the disparity in perceptions between paired stakeholder groups in the Greater Bay Area (as a whole) is revealed. Three pairs, i.e., government department and supervising engineers, owners and designers, and supervising engineers and operators, are found to be the most conflicting, while contractors and supervising engineers are the least. Of the 18 sustainability items analysed, shaped local identity and international reputation (SOC, social factor 8) is the most controversial, while value-for-money of the proposed project during its lifecycle (EOC, economic factor 5) and green design and construction (ENV, environmental factor 2) have the greatest consensus towards their roles in achieving project sustainability. Significantly, different stakeholder perceptions between the three are also identified, and the contractor group is found to share the least consensus geographically, while the operators have the least conflict rating of the relevant importance of various sustainability factors. The thorough analysis of sustainability-related items of economy, society, and environment contributes to understanding the attitudes of the various stakeholder groups involved, which then helps reduce their conflicts during sustainable infrastructure delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the fast development of intelligent data-mining technologies, some advanced artificial intelligence approaches are widely developed and employed to help the decision-making of enterprises and government. The application of advanced and intelligent approaches successfully helps the enterprises and government find out the valuable information hidden in the massive economic data. This study presents a novel data-driven approach to forecast the short-term business climate using the electric power consumption data of large enterprises. In addition, the climate conditions, interactions between different industries, the business cycle, and some other related variables are also considered and included in the developed forecasting model. To be specific, the business climate prediction model based on support vector machine (SVM) is proposed firstly, and the human-simulated particle swarm optimization algorithm (HSPSO) in our previous work is employed to optimize the parameters of the developed forecasting model. Secondly, a novel power-consumption-based business climate index (BCI) system is developed and comprehensively analyzed. The developed BCI system that contains the index for each separate industry (BCI-I), the index for tertiary industry (BCI-T), the index for secondary industry (BCI-S), and the index for the entire province (BCI-P) is proposed. In addition, the developed BCI system is employed to normalize the output of SVM-based forecasting model to directly indicate the business climate, which is very important to the decision-making of enterprises and government under the background of smart cities. Finally, the real data of Guangdong province in China, including the gross output values (GOV) and detailed power consumptions of more than 38000 enterprises, are employed to test the proposed approach. Experimental results show that the GOV of each industry and the whole society predicted by HSPSO-SVM matches the real data well. Moreover, the predicted BCI can directly indicate the business climate in advance, which is of great value for economic-decision and policy-making of both enterprises and government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel mathematical model with multidrug-resistant (MDR) and undetected TB cases. The theoretical analysis indicates that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if R0 < 1; otherwise, the system may exist a locally asymptotically stable endemic equilibrium. The model is also used to simulate and predict TB epidemic in Guangdong. The results imply that our model is in agreement with actual data and the undetected rate plays vital role in the TB trend. Our model also implies that TB cannot be eradicated from population if it continues to implement current TB control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The circular replication‐associated protein (Rep)‐encoding single‐stranded (CRESS) DNA virus emergence in diverse host has been associated with severe disease. Porcine circovirus‐like virus (Po‐Circo‐like [PCL] virus) is a CRESS DNA virus, the prevalence and pathogenicity of which are rarely studied. Methods: We obtained two blood samples, four faecal samples, and two intestinal samples from a pig farm suffered from diarrheal disease in the delivery room in September 2020 and attempted to isolate and identify a causative pathogen. Subsequently, only PCL virus was positive, and qRT‐PCR was designed to detect the loading titre of PCL virus. We then initiated a heightened surveillance program on the pathogenicity and epidemiology of PCL virus. Results: Six PCL virus strains, with severe diarrhoea and haemorrhagic enteritis, have been found in six different pig farms in Guangdong province, China. A multiple sequence alignment of these PCL viruses and bovine circovirus‐like virus/CH showed a similarity of 92.5‐94.8% for the Rep protein, indicating these PCL viruses are highly homologous to Bo‐Circo‐like virus associated with calf diarrhoea. There were striking similarities between the PCL virus and bovine circovirus‐like virus outbreaks in aetiological settings and Genomic sequence. We found that 11.2% (20/178) of diarrhoea samples and 13.3% (6/45) of pig farms were positive for PCL virus, suggesting that PCL virus may have spread widely in Pig farms. Moreover, this article underscores the risk of PCL virus spilling over and adapting to new species. Conclusions: Porcine circovirus‐like virus was found to be associated with porcine diarrheal disease in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the background of China getting old before getting rich, the elderly service, as a public project, should be coordinated with the degree of aging and economic level to avoid the improper allocation of public resources. This article aims to investigate whether an insufficient or overthreshold phenomenon exists in China. Firstly, based on the "active aging theory," the elderly service index is constructed, and then matching and coordination models are proposed to obtain coordination degrees among aging, the elderly service, and the economy. In terms of coordination, elderly service-aging is at a low level and elderly service-economic level shows an agglomeration of high in the east and low in the west, while the elderly service-aging-economic level is quite different among provinces. In provinces with high coordination (e.g., Beijing and Guangdong), the elderly services are appropriate. In comparison, in provinces with low coordination, the elderly services may either lag behind the aging degree (e.g., Sichuan) or exceed the local economic level (e.g., Shannxi). Therefore, the development of aging services should focus on coordination rather than quantification and scale. Considering the regional heterogeneity, we can formulate soft constraints allowing a lower minimum limit and greater flexibility range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. No consensus exists regarding which procedures should be performed to disinfect endoscopes and working platforms after COVID-19 patients have undergone endoscopy. Methods. We analyzed the disinfection quality of endoscopes and working platforms after 11 COVID-19 patients had undergone endoscopy. Conclusions. For endoscopic preprocessing at the bedside, a key disinfection step is using a multienzyme stock solution. The nucleic acid tests for endoscopists, washers, endoscopes, and working platforms were all negative. Based on our experience with the 11 COVID-19 patients who had undergone endoscopy, we provide an endoscopic reprocessing method for the bedside endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 patients for reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pomacea canaliculata, known as an invasive freshwater snail, is also called a golden apple snail; its survival and expansion are greatly affected by temperature. In this study, high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to perform comparative transcriptome analysis on the muscular tissue (G_M) of snails in Guangdong and Hunan. Differential gene screening was performed with FDR <0.05 and |log2FoldChange| >1 as the threshold, and a total of 1,368 differential genes were obtained (671 genes showed upregulation in snails from Guangdong, and 697 genes displayed upregulation in snails from Hunan). Fifteen genes were identified as candidate genes for the cold hardiness of Pomacea canaliculata. Among them, three genes were involved in energy metabolism (glycogen synthase, 1; DGK, 1; G6PD, 1); seven genes were involved in homeostasis regulation (HSP70, 2; BIP, 1; GPX, 1; GSTO 1, G6PD, 1; caspase-9, 1); two genes were involved in amino acid metabolism (glutamine synthetase, 1; PDK, 1); and four genes were involved in membrane metabolism (inositol-3-phosphate synthase, 1; Na+/K+-ATPase, 1; calcium-binding protein, 2). This study presents the molecular mechanisms for the cold hardiness of Pomacea canaliculata, which could provide a scientific basis for the forecast and prevention of harm from Pomacea canaliculata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influences of urbanization on weather in Guangdong Province, China, were studied using the Weather Research and Forecasting model from 31 December 2009 through 3 January 2010. Model outputs were compared with extensive monitoring of meteorological data to examine the simulation ability. Model results between tests (with and without land-use change) show that the urbanization had major effects on meteorological fields across nearly the entire Pearl River Delta region and particularly in urban areas. Studied fields (wind speed, temperature, precipitation, and sensible and latent heat fluxes) were affected by the urbanization of the PRD region. The major influences occurred in urban areas, where wind speeds decreased greatly, while the daytime surface upward sensible heat flux clearly increased. Unlike the sensible heat flux, the latent heat flux had a nonmonotonic increase or decrease. As a consequence of the two heat fluxes, 2-m temperature varied with location and time. Change of precipitation was complex. The main rain band became more concentrated, while precipitation decreased upwind of the urban area and increased downwind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Life tables were established for trichlorphon-resistant and susceptible Bactrocera dorsalis strains based on the laboratory observations. Trichlorphon-resistant B. dorsalis strain had longer pupal and preoviposition periods, and mean generation time compared to the trichlorphon susceptible strain. Lower fecundity, emergence rate, and probability of standard fecundity PF , and shorter female and male longevity also were apparent in the trichlorphon resistant strain. Based on the life tables, the life population trend index (I) of the resistant strain was 86.80, while that of the susceptible strain was 116.97. The net reproduction rate (R0) and the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) of the resistant strain were 1565.33 and 0.0164, while those of susceptible strain were 2184.00 and 0.0173, respectively. The results from this research revealed that the resistant strain was at a reproductive and developmental disadvantage relative to the susceptible strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]