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An increasing number of studies have confirmed that written corrective feedback (hereafter WCF) is vital for improving learners' L2 writing. However, many scholars could not agree whether this improvement was due to direct, indirect, or both forms of WCF. Thus, this study first investigated the role of WCF students' writing achievement; it then investigated if there was a statistically significant difference in writing achievement between groups that received direct and indirect WCF forms. To this end, a quasi-experimental research design involving three intact first-year classes from a university found in northwest Ethiopia was used. Two experimental groups and one comparison group of learners were participants in this study. Test scores analyzed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed that WCF has an influential role in enhancing learners' writing performance. Moreover, this study showed that learners in the direct WCF accompanied by a metalinguistic explanation group outperformed their counterparts in the indirect WCF group in writing paragraphs. Based on the study's findings, it is possible to conclude that the provision of WCF is vital in the Ethiopian context; moreover, learners could benefit more from using linguistic structures correctly if metalinguistic explanations accompany the provision of direct WCF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two components of hope (i.e., hope‐agency defined as the ability to envision and believe in one's ability to achieve goals; hope‐pathway defined as belief in one's ability to devise strategies to achieve one's goals) propel adolescents toward well‐being, academic achievement and personal fulfillment. This study compares levels of hope and its components, for different groups of immigrant and ethnic non‐immigrant youths, while adjusting for and measuring the impact of racism, school and family characteristics, and the youth's unique individual attributes. Using a community‐based participatory research approach and a cross‐sectional study design, data were collected from immigrant and non‐immigrant youth (n = 567) between May 2015 and December 2015 at three Israeli public high schools. The study included five groups of youth based on their self‐descriptions: Ethiopian immigrant (n = 48), Russian immigrant (n = 145), Israeli‐born Mizrachi/Sephardi (n = 59), Israeli‐born Ashkenazi (n = 49), or Israeli‐born Unspecified (n = 266). Linear regression models showed that Ethiopian immigrant youth, compared to Russian immigrant youth and all Israeli‐born groups of youth, had significantly lower hope‐agency, hope‐pathway and overall hope. However, an interaction effect between racism and ethnicity indicated that adolescents who perceived racism and self‐identified as Ethiopian had higher hope‐agency, hope‐pathway and overall hope. This effect was not found with Russian immigrant or Israeli‐born youth. Immigrants of color compared to other immigrants and ethnicities have less overall hope; but those who acknowledge racism feel more control over their future (hope‐agency), able to devise strategies to surmount barriers blocking goals (hope‐pathway), and have greater overall hope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]