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Lam. by ZSM-5", Liu et al. performed a study focusing on the separation and purification of active components from biomass by using the micropolymer catalyst zeolite molecular sieves ZSM-5. In the paper entitled "Efficient Production of Methyl Oleate Using a Biomass-Based Solid Polymeric Catalyst with High Acid Density", Wang et al. investigated the biomass-based chitosan polymer acid catalyst (CS-SO SB 3 sb H) for biodiesel production. 2020; 2020, 11, 1201923, 10.1155/2020/1201923 6 Wang A., Zhang H., Li H., Yang S. Efficient production of methyl oleate using a biomass-based solid polymeric catalyst with high acid density. [Extracted from the article]

With local control of a large number of objects that mutually influence each other, the problem of coordinating local control systems to achieve the best overall result arises. If the structure of the system (the number of control objects and the parameters of interaction) can change frequently, then the process of setting up/training a centralized coordinator will take an unacceptably large part of the action time and require a significant amount of resources. In this work, the use of decentralized coordination is proposed to solve the problem. As a basic task for research on decentralized coordination control of objects that mutually influence each other, stabilizing the comfort temperatures was set in multizone rooms using movable heaters. Providing individual thermal comfort is an important problem. In particular, there are many multiarea premises with conflicting requirements for the comfort of habitats. This problem can be solved with the help of movable heaters and air conditioners. However, the presence of heat flows between areas with different specified parameters makes it difficult to adjust them. The work aims to improve the quality of thermal control in multiarea premises with a dynamic structure for the location of movable heaters. To achieve this goal, we proposed the concept of Movable Smart Heaters (MSH). A group of Movable Smart Heaters that could influence each other and exchange information forms a dynamic system with a changing structure since switching on/off or moving one MSH to another area changes the mutual influence and connections in the system. The criteria for control quality are defined and evaluated. The proposed coordination algorithms make it possible to optimize the operating modes of the system automatically when its structure and/or settings are changed. Simulation of the system is performed with the use of a worked-out modelling library in Scilab. The results of comparing the MSH system's efficiency show an increase in comfort while reducing energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two coordination polymers involving Cd(II), i.e., [Cd2(IDPA)2(bpe) (H2O)2]n·2n(H2O) (1) (H2IDPA is 5-(1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)isophthalic acid, bpe is 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, 4-bpmh is N, N-bis-pyridin-4-ylmethylene-hydrazine), and [Cd(IDPA)(4-bpmh)0.5(H2O)2]n·n(H2O) (2) are prepared under solvothermal conditions via tuning the auxiliary ligand from bpe to 4-bpmh. Moreover, the as-prepared complexes 1–2 reveal much stronger luminescence in contrast to that of the free organic ligands. Their preventive effect and mechanism on scar formation after cosmetic surgery was explored. First, the two complexes' suppression of the viability of the human immortal keratinocyte line (HaCaT) cell line was examined via exploiting cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) detection. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signal pathway activation in HaCaT cells was detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently, an important step from basic research to practical applications is synthesizing nanostructured materials. Metal-organic structures, as well as coordination polymers, are a diverse group of materials with a wide range of potential and properties applications. It has been difficult to get these materials into commercial use because of many drawbacks. Polymers containing chelated units are described and assessed for their advancements and problems in preparation, properties, and structure. Here, a proposed approach based on designing coordination polymeric materials with chelated units using the metal-ligand approach (CPM-CU-MA) has been introduced for a columnar-layered plan, supramolecular components, and building levels. Nanocomposite materials can be formed through the thermal transformation of coordination polymers based on donor atoms. The polymeric metal chelates (PMCs) are categorized according to luminescent coordination polymer (LCoP) development. It is classified as macrocyclic intracomplex, polynuclear, and molecular according to its macrostructure. Supramolecular networks (SMNs) can be transformed into a coordination polymer by introducing cyclo-dehydrogenation of natural building blocks on a surface. The structure-property connections of LCPs can influence a framework of liquid crystal display (LCP) that has been given based on LC phase modulators with a large modulation depth and has useful applications in LC lens. In the spatial organization of PMCs, the main focus is on the commonalities and contrasts between higher- and lower-molecular-weight chelates based on molecularly imprinted sensors (MISs) and nanomaterial sensors for a wide range of uses. New functional nanoparticles based on the molecular components have exciting potential, as demonstrated by these findings based on parameters risk factors for human health, hazards reduction in the environment, lack of cost-effectiveness, environmental sustainability, and bioavailability of polymers with an overall performance of 95.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coordination compounds have undergone booming development in the past 20 years for their applications as multifunctional materials in the field of catalysis and biomedicine. To create compounds with both catalytic and bioactive properties, we selected Cu(II) ion and benzimidazole (Hbim) ligand as the building blocks to fabricate a new cluster-based Cu(II) compound [Cu4OCl6(Hbim)4]n·n(H2O)·2n(EtOH) (1). The exploration of single crystal X-ray diffraction exhibits that complex 1 is a 0D isolated structure on the basis of tetrahedral {Cu4O} clusters. Moreover, such supramolecular framework not only shows excellent photocatalytic effect for the MB photodegradation under the irradiation of ultraviolet light but also has the application values against orbital wall fracture. This work gives new insights on the creation of coordination polymers which might be potentially used as photocatalytic and bioactive reagents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research raises the potential use of coordination polymers as new useful materials in two essential research fields, allowing the obtaining of a new multiartificial enzyme with the capacity to inhibit the growth of bacteria resistance. The fine selection of the ligands allows the design of a new 2D coordination polymer (CP), with the formula [Cu2(IBA)2(OH2)4]n·6nH2O, by the combination of Cu (II) as the metal center with a pseudoamino acid (H2IBA = isophthaloyl bis β-alanine). Quantitative total X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) analyses show that the obtained CP can gradually release Cu (II) ions. Additionally, this CP can be nanoprocessed and transformed into a metal-organic gel (MOG) by using different Cu (II) salt concentrations and the application of ultrasounds. Considering its nanometric dimensions, the slow Cu (II) release and its simple processability, its performance as an artificial enzyme, and its antibacterial ability were explored. The results obtained show the first nanocoordination polymer acting as an artificial multienzyme (peroxidase, catalase, and superoxodismutase) exhibiting antibacterial activity in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, with selective behavior for three bacterium strains (S. spiritovirum, A. faecales, and B. cereus). Indeed, this CP shows a more robust inhibition capacity for Sphingobacterium. Going beyond that, as there are no comfortable and practically clinical tests capable of detecting the presence of Sphingobacteria, the compound can be easily embedded to form moldable gelatin that will facilitate the handling and low-cost commercial kits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the reaction between Cu(NO3)2·3H2O and 4-(2 ′ ,3 ′ -dicarboxylphenoxy) benzoic acid (H3L), a semirigid trichromatic acid ligand, in the presence of N-donor co-ligand 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl) ethylene (bpe), two novel mixed-ligand coordination polymers (CPs), i.e., [Cu(H2L)2(bpe)(H2O)2]bpe·(H2O)4 (1) and [Cu3(L)2(bpe)3(H2O)4]·(H2O)6 (2), have been created under different solvent systems. Furthermore, the biological activity of compounds was evaluated, and the related mechanism was explored as well. Firstly, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to measure the content of coagulation factors in the serum after compound treatment. In addition to this, the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was conducted, and the inflammatory response in the brain was also determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, ZSM-22 was synthesized using N,N-diethylaniline as a template through a hydrothermal method. The proton and various metals such as zirconium, strontium, and iron were immobilized on the surface of obtained zeolites through the ion exchange method. The catalysts were studied by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) adsorption isotherms, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) elemental analysis, and Temperature-Programmed Desorption of ammonia (TPD-NH3) technique for determining the number of acid sites. In the esterification reaction of oleic acid, the operating conditions such as catalyst dosage, temperature, molar ratio of methanol to oil, and reaction time were optimized and adjusted at 11 wt%, 70°C, 10 : 1, and 48 h subsequently. The maximum yield% of 48.07% was achieved in the presence of Zr-H-ZSM-22 at optimum conditions. In order to improve the efficiency of three zeolites Zr-H-ZSM-22, Fe-H-ZSM-22, and Sr-H-ZSM-22, the core-shell structures with SiO2 coating were prepared. Zr-H-ZSM-22@SiO2 was less active than Zr-H-ZSM-22 due to the SiO2 coverage of Lewis active sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, through applying 2,6-bis(4′-carboxyl-phenyl)pyridine (H2L), a rigid ligand featuring both carboxylic acid and pyridine groups, a new coordination polymer containing Na(I) has been generated with the reaction between H2L ligand and NaNO3 in a water and DMF mixed solvent, and its chemical composition is [Na2L]n. Furthermore, the antiproliferative activity of Na(I) complex against the HXO-Rb44 retinoblastoma cells was detected with CCK-8 assay. Hoechst staining along with Annexin V-FITC/PI revealed that Na(I) complex induces the HXO-Rb44 retinoblastoma cells apoptosis. Flow cytometry analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) showed that Na(I) complex significantly increases the level of intracellular ROS. Importantly, western blot analysis revealed that Na(I) complex might induce apoptosis through inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employing the flexible hexacarboxylate ligand of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine hexaacetic acid (H6TTHA) to assemble with Co(NO3)2·6H2O, we have acquired a novel coordination compound, i.e., [Co2(H2TTHA)(H2O)]n·6n(H2O) (1). The analysis of single X-ray diffraction indicated that the H2TTHA2- ligand μ5-bridges connected the Co(II) ions into a two-dimensional layered architecture. Moreover, the magnetic property of 1 was also investigated between 2 and 300 K under 1000 Oe applied magnetic field. The novel compound's inhibitory activity against the viability of cancer cell was determined through CCK-8 assay, and the expression of miRNA31 in liver cancer cells was detected via the real-time RT-PCR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solvothermal reaction of 4,4',4'-nitrilotribenzoic acid (H3TCA) with Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and Cd(NO3)2·4H2O successfully afforded a heterometallic compound, that is, [Cd2Ca(TCA)2(DMA)2(H2O)3]n·2n(DMA) (1, DMA = N,N'-dimethylacetamide). The structure of 1 was further characterized through EA, diffraction of single crystal X-ray, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) together with powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Moreover, complex 1's luminescent performance in solid state was also discussed at environmental temperature. The applications on the ischemic cerebral infarction therapy were evaluated, and the specific mechanism was investigated at the same time. Firstly, the hypersensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) content in human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMEC) was measured with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Then, interleukin-18 and interleukin-1β content released through the HBMEC was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li+- and Na+-exchanged ZIF-67 was synthesized by a new one-step method of ion as-exchange technique and tested as CO2 adsorbents. As a comparison, the standard ion-exchange procedure was also carried out. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), particle size analyzer (PSD), and thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA) were used to investigate the effect of ion-exchange techniques on the structure of the materials. CO2 uptake of ZIF-67 ion exchanged by one-step method is much higher than that by the standard ion-exchange procedure. All of the adsorption isotherms show linear patterns with stable adsorption rate from 0 bar to 1 bar, which reveals the materials could get excellent adsorption performance at higher pressure range (>1 bar). Elemental analysis, N2 physical adsorption, and the point of zero charge (PZC) were carried out to confirm the adsorption mechanism. van der Waals interaction determined by the surface area and coordination interaction resulting from electrostatic interaction work in synergy to enhance CO2 adsorption performance of ZIF-67 ion exchanged by the one-step method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two coordination polymers of erbium(III) and neodymium(III) ions with 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid were synthesized under the solvothermal conditions from the dimethylformamide solution. They were characterized by the attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TGDSC), thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGFTIR) and X-ray diffractions methods. The single-crystal X-ray analysis confirmed formation of three-dimensional framework of Er(III) 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate with the channels occupied by dimethylformamide and water molecules. Porosity of crystalline complexes was investigated by the nitrogen sorption experiments. The Nd and Er compounds exhibit real porosity with the BET surface area of 259 and 225 m²/g, respectively. The Horvath-Kawazoe analysis of pore-size distributions for the obtained complexes points out to their microporous character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A starch-urea-based biodegradable coordination polymer modified by transition metal Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) was prepared by polycondensation of starch and urea. All the synthesized polymeric compounds were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ¹H-NMR spectroscopy, 13C-NMR spectroscopy, UV-visible spectra, magnetic moment measurements, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results of electronic spectra and magnetic moment measurements indicate that Mn(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) complexes show octahedral geometry, while Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes show square planar and tetrahedral geometry, respectively. The thermogravimetric analysis revealed that all the polymeric metal complexes are more thermally stable than the parental ligand. In addition, biodegradable studies of all the polymeric compounds were also carried out through ASTM standards of biodegradable polymers by CO2 evolution method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]