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Background: Nephrotic syndrome is usually accompanied by retention of water and sodium. Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of clinical findings due to kidney damage. This includes protein in the urine, low blood albumin levels, high blood lipids, and significant edema. Objectives: This study aimed to observe the pattern of lipid profile in the children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and the effect of treatment on the same. Methods: The present observational, cross sectional of 40 cases of nephrotic syndrome children aged between 2-8 years was carried out from June 2022 to July 2023 in Department of Pediatrics of Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Statistical data were analysed by using Microsoft Excel and SPSS V.20 software. Results: Number of nephrotic children presented during first episode (FE) was 10 (25%). Majority (65%) were under the category of infrequent relapser (I:R) and only 4 children (10%) were frequent relapse. It was observed that during relapse, 4 cases (10%) having their serum albumin level < 1.5 gm/dl showed a very high mean serum cholesterol value of 596 mg/dl. Among 40 nephrotic children during their relapse before treatment, majority of cases (60%) showed their serum LDL cholesterol value in between 200 - 300 mg /dl. Only few cases (8%) showed very high LDL cholesterol level above 401 mg /dl. The mean + SD value (mg / dl of LDL-cholesterol among control children was 94.8 +30.39 Conclusions: This study suggests that serum lipid profile evaluation be done at regular intervals in children with nephrotic syndrome with follow up even during remission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the tropics, scrub typhus is a growing health risk. Acute meningoencephalitis, enteric fever, Kawasaki disease, and dengue can all have similar clinical characteristics. Early intervention and a high index of suspicion help to avoid mortality and morbidity. The preferred medications are Doxycycline or Azithromycin, both intravenous and oral. Aims and objectives: The aim of thepresent study was to present clinical manifestation, laboratoryfindings and treatment outcomes of pediatric scrub typhus ina tertiary care setting. Methods: The present study was prospective observational study. A total of 45 cases detected with positive for Scrub Typhuswere includedin the study. Study was conducted from May to October 2023 in the Department of Paediatric Medicine, RG Kar Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Statistical data were analysed by using Microsoft Excel and SPSS V.20 software. Results: A total of 45 cases were detected to be positive for Scrub Typhus. Their age ranged from 1½years to 12 years, mean being 7 ½ years. There was no sex predilection, 21 (47%) were male and 24 (53%) were female. Fever was the chief complaint in all of them. During hospital stay, the average temperature recorded was 101ºF. Eighteen cases presented with exanthematous fever. The rash was erythematous maculopapular, mostly appearing in the limbs and sometimes over the trunk. Eschar was found only in ‘5’ cases case even after thorough searching. Other findings include organomegaly, generalized lymphadenopathy and constitutional symptoms. Conclusion :Scrub typhus do exist around Kolkata in the suburban and rural areas. Hence awareness is very important. They need to be detected early by high index of clinical suspicion and screening test followed by rapid onset of treatment by Azithromycin and Doxycycline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]