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In this study investigated the effect of region on the nut and biochemical traits in Mincane hazelnut cultivar. The study was carried out in the Trabzon (Black Sea Region) and Sakarya (Marmara Region) districts, in 2021 and 2022. The material of the study consisted of the nut of Mincane hazelnut cultivar grown in both regions. Depending on regions, nut weight was determined from 1.89 (Black Sea) to 2.14 g (Marmara), while kernel weight was found from 1.89 (Black Sea) to 2.14 g (Marmara). The highest total phenolics was detected in Black Sea region (118.1 mg 100 g-1). Conversely, Marmara region had the highest total flavonoids (8.1 mg 100 g-1) and antioxidant activity (1027.8 and 738.1 µmol 100 g-1 according to DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively). As a result, the region had a significant effect on the investigated nut and biochemical traits. The Marmara region produced the best results for many of the traits examined.

In order to evaluate the proper concentration of plant growth hormone and the suitable plant growth hormone in Rosmarinus officinalis L., a significant fragrant, medicinal, and herbaceous plant, the study was carried out in a greenhouse setting during the vegetative period of 2022. In the experiment, peat and vermicompost mixture (3 peat / 1 vermicompost) as the rooting medium, Indole acetic acid (IAA), Indole butyric acid (IBA), and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) hormones as plant growth regulators and 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 ppm concentrations of these hormones were used and the Randomised Plot Experiment Design were established three times in the Multiple Comparison Test “LSD”. In seedlings removed three months after planting, properties such as seedling height (cm), number of roots (pieces), root length (cm), maximum root length (cm), number of laterals (pieces) and lateral length (cm) were examined. The highest seedling length (19.88 cm) and number of shoots (12.60 pcs), 3000 ppm concentration of Indole acetic acid (IAA), root length (16.30 cm), and 3000 ppm concentration of Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at the highest root length (22.82 cm) came to the fore. In terms of root number, the values found at 3000 ppm concentration of indole acetic acid (19.25 pieces) and naphthalene acetic acid (20.09 pcs) were combined into one statistical group and made up the maximum number of roots. The lateral length control seedlings statistically prevented other applications and produced the highest lateral length (1.99 cm). Therefore, it can be said that Indole acetic acid (IAA) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), both of which have a concentration of 3000 ppm, are the most suited growth hormones.

Peanut is an oilseed legume plant with multi-purpose uses that contains many bioactive components, including polyphenols, phenolics, and flavonoids. It is one of the main foodstuffs, both in meeting protein deficiencies and in meeting high energy needs. This study investigated the effects of vermicompost fertilizer application on chlorophyll content and yield parameters of peanuts grown under saline stress in climate room conditions. Root weight, root length, stem weight, stem length, leaf weight, leaf number, and chlorophyll content values were determined in the first developmental period of the plant in the experiment, which was established with three replications according to the randomized plots experimental design. As a result of the study, statistical differences were determined between control and vermicompost treatments under high saline stress conditions (300 mM). The results obtained from the vermicompost treatment, especially in stem and root weights, prove this treatment's usefulness. The principal component analysis (PCA) clustered all parameters according to applications. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships, especially for vermicompost treatment. It is thought that the information obtained from the experimental results will be helpful to entrepreneurs investigating the saline stress resistance of peanuts.

This study's objective is to compare the performances of Random Forest (RF), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Bayesian Regularization Neural Network (BRNN) algorithms, which are some data mining algorithms used in final fattening live weight prediction. As the independent variable in the design of the algorithms, some body characteristics taken before fattening of 54 heads of Anatolian Merino lambs, are withers height (WH), rump height (RH), body length (BL), chest girth (CG), Leg girth (LG), and chest depth (CD) was used. The mean±standart errors for the body characteristics of Anatolian Merino lambs were determined to be 63.481±0.538, 63.315±0.501, 78.930±1.140, 60.037±0.549, 47.704±0.543, and 29.926±0.377, respectively. The mean initial live weight (ILW) and the mean final live weight (FLW) were found as 35.89±0.84 and 49.49±0.88 kg, respectively. There was difference of 13.60 kg between ILW and FLW means. The ILW and FLW were shown to positively correlate with body characteristics, and this correlation was statistically significant (P

In this study, the effect of culture filtrates prepared at different doses of native Beauveria bassiana isolates (BIM-001, BY2, and GC8) on egg hatching of Tetranychus urticae Koch was determined. The adult females of T. urticae were transferred to bean leaves (4 cm) prepared according to the leaf disc method, as 10 individuals. After 24 hours, 20 eggs/leaf discs were prepared in each petri dish. Pure culture filtrates (1X) and other diluted doses (5X, 10X) were applied to leaf discs containing eggs for 10 seconds by spraying method. Observations were started 24 hours after the application and continued until the 7th day. Experiments were carried out with 5 replications for each dose of entomopathogen fungus isolates. The egg hatching of T. urticae was 19% at the pure culture filtrate dose of B. bassiana BIM-001 isolate (1X) 7 days after the application, and it was different and significant than the other isolates (P < 0.05). Egg hatching rates of T. urticae for BIM-001, BY2, and IGÇ isolates were determined between 19-38%, 32-48%, and 36-53%, respectively. These rates were found to be 31-38%, 43-48%, and 46-53% at 5X and 10X doses of BIM-001, BY2, and IGÇ isolates. There was no significant difference in egg hatching rates of pure culture filtrates of B. bassiana BY2 and IGÇ isolates (P ˃ 0.05).

This study was conducted to determine the uptake of basic nutrition elements by endemic Salvia absconditiflora species growing in the natural habitats of Kırşehir province and its dependence on soil physical and chemical properties. The plant and soil samples were collected from 10 different locations. It was found that in the collected plants, K was inadequate (0.344%), Fe had an excessive amount (541.853 mg kg-1), while Cu, Zn, Mn, magnesium Mg and Ca contents were adequate (6.154 mg kg-1 , 32.610 mg kg-1 , 43.395 mg kg-1, 0.507% and 3.650%). The soils had sandy clay loam texture, slight alkaline reaction (pH=7.92), an average amount of organic matter (3.06%), high amount of calcareous (35.61%) and low amount of soluble salts. It was also determined that soils had adequate K, Ca and Mg contents and 80% of the soil samples had inadequate level of phosphorus. Since Cu content was adequate in terms of microelement stock, contents of Fe, Mn and Zn were inadequate (0.565 mg kg-1, 3.930 mg kg-1, 0.292 mg kg-1). It was found that Salvia absconditiflora plant had the ability to grow in the soil with inadequate Fe, Zn and Mn.

Alleviation of salt stress is becoming one of the urgent needs of agricultural production. Even though enhancement of tolerance levels with genetic variation is a common approach, exogenous applications of various compounds are a newly emerging field. Here, the effects of two different plant elicitors, salicylic acid (SA) and 2,4-dichloro-6-{(E)-[(3methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl} phenol (DPMP) on growth and stress tolerance levels of forage pea (Pisum sativum L. arvense) were evaluated. Plants were exposed to salt stress (100 mM) in addition to DPMP, SA, or DMSO (Solvent) foliar spraying. The results revealed contrasting effects for each elicitor. Under non-stressed conditions, DPMP applied plants had higher values in plant height, shoot dry weight (SDW), and taproot length, while SA applied plants had significantly higher shoot fresh weight (SFW), and DMSO applied plants had higher values in root fresh (RFW) and dry (RDW) weights, and root/shoot ratios. When we evaluated stress tolerance index (STI) levels, DPMP applied plants had higher STI values in SFW, SDW, RFW, and RDW. DPMP improved STI and biomass allocation better than SA and DMSO. These elicitors may have significant potential in abiotic stress tolerance, in addition to their well-known biotic stress eliciting roles. There is a need for further research to define appropriate doses and application times.

This study was conducted at Edirne, Tekirdağ and Kırklareli locations in 2017-2018 growing season. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. In the study, it was aimed to determine the effects of five different sowing densities (200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 seed m-2) on grain yield and yield components of bread wheat cultivar Aslı. In the experiment, the effect of sowing density and location on grain yield and yield components was found significant. In addition, sowing density × location interaction was found to be statistically significant in terms of grain yield. Grain yield was found among 693.2-849.7 kg da-1, while spike length was ranged from 8.3 to 9.5 cm. However, number of spikelets per spike was in the range of 17.4-19.7, while number of grains per spike was 35.2 to 44.1 and grain weight per spike was 1.43 to 1.75 g. Among the locations, the highest grain yield was determined at Edirne location. In terms of grain yield, the most appropriate sowing density was determined as 400 seed m-2 rate.

In this study, the effects of boron sources such as colemanite, ulexite and etibor-48 supplementation on meat quality and fatty acid composition of Akkaraman lambs weaned at 2.5 months of age were investigated. In the study, 50 single Akkaraman male lambs weaned at the age of 2.5 months were used as animal material. Concentrated containing (17.56% CP and 2600 Kcal/kg ME) and forage (meadow hay) were used as feed material. Colemanite (50.8% B2O2, Ca2B6O11.5H2O), ulexite (43% B2O3, NaCaB5O9.8H2O) and etibor-48 (48%, Na2(OH)2.8H2O) as boron sources were used. The highest protein content of Akkaraman lamb meat was obtained from C and S groups, and the lowest in L group (P

Invasive brown marmorated stinkbug (BMSB), [Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)] are caused significant yield and quality losses in hazelnut orchards. Currently, insecticides are the only management option against BMSB in Turkey. This study evaluated the efficacy of 7 native Beauveria bassiana and B. pseudobassiana isolates against BMSB adults at 1×108 conidia mL-1 concentration under laboratory conditions. The LT50 and LT90 values for all isolates used in the study ranged between 5.37-7.74 and 9.85-18.35 days, respectively. Moreover, the mortality rates caused by all isolates were between 72 and 96%. Bioassays revealed that TR-SM-11, TR-D-1 and TR-SK-1 had the highest efficacy against BMSB. The lowest LT50 value (5.37 days) was recorded for TR-SM-11, whereas the lowest LT90 (9.85 days) value was noted for TR-D-1 isolate. Similarly, the LT90 and LT50 values were 10.82 and 7.74 days for TR-SM-11 and TR-D-1, respectively. The LT90 and LT50 values for TR-SK-1 isolate were 6.16 and 10.25 days, respectively. These isolates (TR-D-1, TR-SK-1, TR-SM-11) caused the highest mortality rates (96, 96 and 92%, respectively) at the end of the 11th day. TR-SM-11, TR-D-1 and TR-SK-1 isolates of B. bassiana seemed to be one of the most promising and potential biological control agents against BMSB. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of these isolates against BMSB under field conditions.

In our country, most of the bean cultivation areas, are in the Central Anatolia Region. This study was carried out to determine the sulphureous fertilizer demand of beans grown in the calcareous soils of the region under field conditions in Konya. Early "seat bean" variety was used as a plant material. In the experiment, elemental - sulphur (S) was applied to the parcels at the doses of “0-20-40-80 kg S/da. At the end of the experiment, leaf chlorophyll SPAD values showed a significant increase in the plots where the highest sulfur dose was applied. Parcel yield and leaf surface area increased significantly with increasing sulfur doses (P

In the present study, the antagonistic and synergistic effects of Achillea millefolium L., Anthemis cretica L., Cichorium intybus L., Euphorbia seguieriana Necker and Hypericum perforatum L plant extracts collected from Samsun were investigated. Gram negative bacteria; Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella typhimurium, Gram positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes were used as research materials. In the research, methanol and diethyl were used as solvents. The antibacterial activities of the extracts were determined by microbroth dilution method. According to the results of the research; all plant extracts obtained using both methanol and diethyl ether solvent were determined to be more effective against gram positive bacteria. While the whole plant extract showed the most effect on Bacillus cereus bacteria, Hypericum perforatum L. methanol extract was the most effective plant against gram positive bacteria. Achillea millefolium L.: Cichorium intybus L., Achillea millefolium L.: Hypericum perforatum L. and Cichorium intybus L.: Hypericum perforatum L. methanol mixture extracts and Achillea millefolium L.: Hypericum perfarotum L. diethyl ether extract showed a synergistic effect, while other plant mixture extracts showed semi-synergistic or ineffective properties.

This study was carried out to determine the effects of nitrogen and zinc applied in different doses (0.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 kg N/da and 0.0 and 2.5 ppm Zn) to the soil sample taken from Erzurum Atatürk University Faculty of Agriculture Farm land on the dry matter content and mineral content of wheat and maize. It was carried out under greenhouse conditions in 96 pots (2 plants, 2 application methods, 4 nitrogen doses, 2 zinc doses and 3 replications). As a base fertilizer, it was applied to all pots before planting at doses of 10.0 kg P2O5/da (TSP: 44.0% P2O5) and 10.0 kg K2O/da (K2SO4: 50.0% K2O). Considering the applications, Urea and Zinc fertilizers were applied to the soil before planting in soil application, and from foliar application 5 times in every 2 weeks, starting one week after germination in foliar application. 90 days after sowing, the plants were harvested, dried, their dry weights were determined, the necessary analyzes were made and the plant mineral content was determined. According to the results obtained, nitrogen application from the soil was more effective, and the highest dry matter amount and plant height in both plants were obtained from the soil application of 15.0 kgN/da urea and 2.5 ppm Zn. Depending on the applications, the dry matter increase is 77.5% in wheat and 80.4% in corn in application from soil. In foliar application, the dry matter increase is 11.4% in wheat and 30.6% in corn. A similar change has also emerged in plant height, the plants applied fertilizer from the soil are taller, with an average of 62.5 cm in wheat and 75.5 cm in maize. These values are on average 55.0 cm and 64.0 cm in plants applied foliar fertilizer. The mineral content of the plants applied foliar fertilizer is higher.

In this study; the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid composition of 11 different peanut cultivars, Runner (Georgia Green) Virginia (NC-7, Masal, Halisbey, Wilson, Com, Brantley, Duzici-1) Spanish (Florispan, Nigeria-1), widely grown in the eastern Mediterranean Transition Zone were determined. The research was carried out for two years (2020 to 2021) under second crop season conditions in the trial areas of the Oil Seeds Research Institute. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design with 3 replications. In the research, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidonic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, oleic/linoleic ratio, iodin value, behenic acid, arachidic acid properties were investigated. The highest oleic acid ratio was obtained from Masal (79.71%), the highest palmitic acid from florispan (11.06%), and the highest linoleic acid (34.08%) from florispan. The behenic acid ratio was found between 2.51% (Wilson) and 3.14% (Georgia Green).

This study was carried out to determine grain yield and yield components of five bread wheat genotypes and 20 advanced lines at Kırklareli and Tekirdağ locations in 2017-2018 cropping year. The experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. In the study, grain yield (GY), plant height (PH), spike length (SL), number of spikelets/spike (SS), number of grains/spike (KS), grain weight/spike (KWS), test weight (TW) and thousand kernel weight (TKW) were investigated. Bread wheat genotypes were found statistically significant for all investigated traits according to the data obtained from two locations. According to the results of two locations the investigated traits such as GY ranked from 423.8 to 572.5 kg da-1, PH 85.3 to 116.2 cm, SL 8.8 to 12.2 cm, SS 16.5 to 21.6, KS 39.4 to 65.6, KWS 1.30 to 2.91 g, TW 65.9 to 75.6 and TKW 32.6 to 44.7 g. Relationship between GY and SS, KS and KWS were found positive and significant. In addition, relationship between PH and SL (r=0.39*), SS and KS (r=0.39*), SS and KWS (r=0.42*), TW and KS (r=0.42), TW and KWS (r=0.44*), KS and KWS (r=0.64**) were significant and positive. The highest grain yield was obtained from SME9 bread wheat advanced line at both Kırklareli and Tekirdağ, which was concluded as promising.

In this study, it was aimed to determine the physical changes of seven different colored table grape varieties in the samples taken at different periods until the ripening time. The cultivars used in the study are Alphonse Lavallée, Royal, Tekirdağ Çekirdeksizi, Michael Palieri, Karaerik, Bilecik İrikara and Horoz Karası. Grape samples were harvested for four weeks (20.08.2019, 27.08.2019, 02.09.2019 and 09.09.2019) every week for approximately one month until ripening. Cluster weight, bunch length and width, berry weight, berry width-length and berry hardness values were taken from the harvested grapes. Horoz Karası variety attracted attention with its cluster weight (550.86 g) and cluster width (15.01 cm) characteristics. The Michael Palieri variety stood out with its berry weight (8.92 g) and the Alphonse Lavallée variety with its berry hardness (0.94). Physical characteristics of all cultivars from fall to maturity differed according to both periods and cultivars. While the varieties and periods used in the study serve the literature, they are also an infrastructure for different studies with more varieties, different locations and different periods.

This study was carried out to determine the microorganism population affecting silage quality of sweet sorghum and mung bean cultivated with different sowing patterns as mixture or sole crop. Twin row (20×55 cm row spacing), narrow row (55 cm row spacing) and conventional row (75 cm row spacing) were used as mixture sowing patterns. The mixtures were formed based on the plant densities and alternative row numbers of sweet sorghum and mung bean. Sowing was made on alternation rows of 1 row mung bean plus 1 row sweet sorghum (R1:1) and 1 row mung bean plus 2 rows sweet sorghum (R1:2). In pure and mixed cultivations, the plant density of sorghum was 14 plants m-2 while the plant densities of mung bean were 14, 21 and 28 plants m-2. The experiment was planned as two-factors (sowing patterns and mixtures) and was arranged in randomized blocks according to the split plot design with 3 replications. Pure and mixed plants were harvested when the sweet sorghum plant reached the dough stage. Lactic acid bacteria, enterobacteria and yeast and mold populations in the plant epiphytic flora were investigated under experimental factors. There were significant effects of the main factors and their interactions on the plant epiphytic microorganisms. According to the results obtained from the current study, mixed cultivation of sweet sorghum and mung bean in conventional row pattern improved the desired lactic acid bacteria population for silage quality, while reducing the undesirable enterobacteria and yeast and mold population for silage quality. It was determined that the (R1:2) MB14+SS14 mixed cultivation system was the most suitable mixture in conventional row pattern in terms of high lactic acid bacteria population.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of species on the macro and mineral profiles of some shrub leaves used for small ruminant animals in Turkey. Species had a significant effect on the macro and micro mineral profiles of shrub laeves. Calcium (Ca) contents of forages varied from 5.6 to 21.2 g/kg DM, with highest being for Rosa canina and lowest for Arbutus andrachne and Quercus coccifera. Phosphorus (P) contents of shrub leaves ranged from 1.1 to 2.1 g/kg DM with highest being for Arbutus unedo and Rosa canina and the lowest for Arbutus andrachne. The magnesium (mg) content of forages ranged from 1.9 to 5.5 g/DM, with the highest being for Pistacia lentiscus and the lowest for Quercus coccifera. The potassium (K) content of forages ranged from 4.1 to 10.3 g/kg DM. The K contents of Pistacia lentiscus and Arbutus unedo were significantly higher than the other shrub leaves. The iron (Fe) content of shrub leaves ranged from 105.2 to 458.5 mg/kg DM. The Fe content of Pistacia lentiscus was significantly higher than the other shrub leaves. The zinc (Zn) contents of shrub leaves ranged from 15.5 to 36.0 mg/kg DM. The Zn content of Quercus coccifera was significantly higher than the other shrubs. Copper (cu) contents of forages varied widely from 3.0 to 6.7 mg/kg DM, with the highest being for Arbutus unedo and Quercus coccifera. The manganese (Mn) content of forages varied from 10.5 to 113.0 mg/kg DM, with the highest being for Arbutus unedo and the lowest for Rosmarinus officinalis. As a conclusion, shrubs’ leaves have a significant amount of macro and micro minerals to support the growth and production of lamb and sheep, although the shrubs leaves’ studied in the current experiment are not adequate to meet the dietary Cu requirement of lamb and sheep.

The Flora of Türkiye is very rich in the members of the Lamiaceae family. This study, it was aimed to investigate some physical characteristics, viability, germination performance of their seeds, and initial seedling development of 16 taxa belonging to the Lamiaceae family collected from the natural area. According to the results, the highest and lowest viability value was recorded in S. aethiopis (82.86%) and in S.yosgadensis (10.71%), respectively. The root length values of the taxa changed between 25.57mm (T.sipyleus)-66.82mm (S.aethiopis) at the end of the 21st day. The shoot lengths of the seedlings were determined to vary between 3.12mm (T.sipyleus)-22.41 mm (P.armeniaca). The seed width and length values of taxa varied between 0.911-2.788mm and 0.999-5.055mm, respectively. Values varying between 0.432-0.865 were calculated according to the geometric properties determined by proportioning the width and length dimensions of the seeds. The obtained results will be useful for studies on the cultivation of these taxa.

Received: January 11, 2022, Accepted: April 29, 2022, Published: July 01, 2022. Agricultural production is one of the most negatively affected sectors from increasing population and global warming. Increasing food demand along with narrowing agricultural production areas increased the need for sustainable agricultural approaches where the unit area is better utilized. Intercropping systems are of those approaches based on the principle of growing more than one crop in the same area. In this study it was aimed to analyze the opportunities of increasing land-use efficiency in open field fruit sapling production. For this aim lettuce and radish were grown on the inter-rows of almond, apple, apricot, cherry, and pear sapling growing lines. When compared with control plants, results indicated a slight negative effect of intercropping systems on sapling quality. Vegetable yield and pomological values (except chemical parameters) were lower in the vegetables subjected to intercropping. On the other hand, Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) and Net Economic Profit (NEP) were higher in intercropping lines. LER value varied between 1.86 and 1.97, and NEP value between 3328 and 6962 USD/da. These results indicated that land-use efficiency was increased with the examined intercropping system. As a result of the study notwithstanding the quality and yield loses it was concluded that intercropping of lettuce and radish in fruit sapling production is a beneficial growing application for the mentioned aims.

Medical plants are the best source for getting treatment from various diseases. Using of natural substances with therapeutic properties has been used since ancient times. More than 500 species of Aloe Vera are known. This plant is native to tropical areas, including the north of Africa, Europe and the southern part of the Mediterranean region. Aloe Vera grows widely in the south of Iran and is cultured for the pharmaceutical uses. Aloe Vera is a plant with structural and physiological adaptations that allow it to survive in arid or semiarid regions with erratic rainfall. Aloe Vera is a medicinal plant cultivated for various applications in medical, food and health products. Aloe Vera has been used for centuries for its health, beauty, medicinal and skin care properties. Aloe Vera is a plant that can produce sap and gel. The gel is extracted from the leaves, and this is the most widely used substance as a treatment. Different from traditional treatment modalities, Aloe Vera will great reduce medical cost intended as complementary therapy. Aloe Vera is much more effective and less costly in the prevention and healing the ulcers compared to current treatments. Also, since the revival of traditional medicine is important and the side effects of this drug has been proven to be trivial over the years, it seems Aloe Vera is a good substitute to replace the current methods or to be used as a complementary method for prevention of pressure ulcers and improving community health. In this article, introducing various aspects of cultivating Aloe Vera greenhouses in desert regions of Iran and their economic importance plus approaches for their development, extension, processing and marketing. Main locations of study were greenhouses of Aloe Vera in two provinces in Iran, namely South Khorasan and Semnan provinces in the east and north of the country. For doing this study utilized qualitative approach with its main tools for gathering information such as participatory observation, maps, scientific articles, pictures, documents etc.. In the end present appropriate approaches for improving its economic importance, development, extension, processing and marketing in Iran.

Forty-eight lowland rice genotypes with two checks were evaluated for agronomic performance, genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance for yield and yield contributing traits. Genotypes SR33859-HB3324-133 (45.7 qha-1), SR33859-HB3324-93 (40.2 qha-1) were the high yielding genotypes above the better check. The analysis of variance showed significant differences for all measured traits and indicating the presence of high genetic variability among genotypes. A highly significant (P≤0.001) correlations were observed between flag leaf length and plant height (rp= 0.76 and rg=0.84), panicle length and plant height (rp= 0.77, rg= 0.90), and panicle length and flag leaf length (rp= 0.75 and rg= 0.89). The estimates of GCV were lower than the respective PCV for all traits, indicating the influence of environmental factors on the expression of the traits. Characters like grain yield (94 % and 90.9), flag leaf length (97 % and 71.6), number of effective tillers per hill (91 % and 67.2) and plant height (99.0 % and 50.7) showed high heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance as percent of the mean, which suggesting that these traits are controlled by the additive type of gene action and selection could be possible for the improvement of these characters. Moderate heritability estimates with low genetic advance as percent of the mean were recorded for flag leaf width and number of days to maturity indicated the presence of non-additive gene effects, and selection for these traits would be poor. As a result, the variability that exists in the germplasm provides an opportunity to use these genotypes in the genetic improvement program.

Among all environmental factors, the temperature is considered one of the key elements that control the growth and development of saffron. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of thermal forcing of corms on saffron growth and development. To this end, mother corms were collected at four different periods: late March (T2) , mid-April (T3) , late April (T4), and after leaf senescence (Control, T1) . The corms of each period were then pretreated at three successive temperature levels: at 25 °C for 2 weeks, at 15 °C for 2 weeks and finally at 4 °C for 12 weeks. The results showed that the thermal pretreatment of corms had a significant effect on some saffron parameters. The flowers of the corms that underwent thermal treatment were later than those of the control. Similarly, the flower numbers and stigma yield were negatively affected by thermal forcing of corms. Overall, the thermal forcing of corms under the proposed regime was unfavorable for the growth and development of saffron.

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de pirinç üretiminde doğrudan ve/veya dolaylı etkileri olan yabancı otların genel bir değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Bunun için Türkiye’de çeltik üretiminde yabancı otlara yönelik yapılan çalışmalar, basılı kitap ve raporlar dahil olmak üzere toplam 37 kaynak ele alınmış ve bu kapsamda değerlendirilmiştir. Çeltik üretiminde yabancı otlara karşı uygulanabilecek ortak önlemler ve yönetim çalışmalarına bir kaynak hazırlamak amacıyla ilgili alanlarda sorun teşkil eden yabancı otların genel özellikleri ve bölgelere göre dağılımını kapsayan bir liste oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan listenin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda; 26 familyadan 95 yabancı ot taksonunun çeltik üretim alanlarında mevcut olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Taksonlara ait familyalar incelendiğinde; 23 takson ile Poaceae ilk sırada yer alırken, bunu sırayla Cyperaceae (14 takson) ve Asteraceae (11) familyaları takip etmiştir. Taksonların yaşam formları incelendiğinde 50 taksonun karasal, 34 taksonun sucul, 11 takson ise hem karasal hem de sucul forma sahiptir. Yaşam süreleri göz önüne alındığında ise 54 taksonun çok yıllık, 38 taksonun tek yıllık, 3 taksonun ise çoklu yaşam süresine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çeltik üretim alanlarında yabancı otların doğrudan tespitine yönelik çalışmaların bölgesel dağılımı dikkate alındığında; Marmara Bölgesi 10 çalışma ile ilk sırada yer alırken bu bölgeyi sırasıyla Karadeniz (5 çalışma), Güney Doğu Anadolu (3) ve diğer bölgeler (2) takip etmiştir. Elde edilen tüm veriler Türkiye'de çeltik üretim sahalarında yabancı ot sorunları ve kontrol önlemleri ile ilgili çalışmaların sınırlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca yönetim çalışmalarının genel olarak kimyasal kontrol ile ilgili olduğu vurgulanmalıdır. Bu nedenle yabancı ot + çeltik üzerine yapılan çalışmaları tüm bölgelerde sürdürmek, arttırmak ve desteklemek faydalı olacaktır. Nitekim ülke genelinde ihtiyaç duyulan pirinç tüketimini karşılamak ve çeltik üretiminde sürdürülebilirliği sağlamak için yapılacak bu tür çalışmaların önemli katkıları olacaktır., In this study, an overall assessment of weeds was done which have the direct and /or indirect impacts, in rice production in Turkey. For this, studies for weeds in paddy production in Turkey, including books and reports, a total of 37 sources were considered and evaluated in this context. In order to prepare a resource for the common measures and management studies that can be applied against weeds in paddy production, a complete list was created that includes the general characteristics and distribution of weeds that pose problems in the relevant areas. The results of the evaluation of the created list; it has been determined that 95 weed taxa from 26 families exist in paddy production areas. Considering the families belonging to the determined taxa, Poaceae ranks first with 23 taxa, followed by Cyperaceae (14 taxa) and Asteraceae (11). In terms of life forms, 50 taxa were terrestrial and 34 were aquatic, while 11 taxa have both terrestrial and aquatic forms. Considering the lifetime, it determined that 54 taxa have perennial, 38 taxa annual and 3 taxa multiple life forms. Take into account in the regional distribution, the studies for the direct detection of weeds in the paddy fields, the Marmara Region ranks first with 10 studies, it was followed by the Black Sea (5 studies), South East Anatolia (3) and other regions (2). Based on the obtained all the data, the studies about the problems and control measures of weed species in rice production fields are limited in Turkey. Also it should be emphasized that the management studies have generally related chemical control. Therefore it would be useful to sustain, increase and support studies on weed + paddy in all regions. As a matter of fact, such studies that can be done to fulfil the rice consumption needed throughout the country and to ensure sustainability in paddy production will be significant contributions.

Bu çalışma Türkiye’de mercimek üretiminde yetiştiricilik açısından önemli yeri olan 41 ilde yer alan 238 ilçede mercimek verimine etkili iklim elemanlarını belirlemeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada bilgisayar yardımıyla kademeli çoklu regresyon yöntemi kullanılarak 113 farklı iklim elemanlarının mercimek verimine etkisi incelenmiştir. Mercimek verimi yani bağımlı değişken çalışmanın yürütüldüğü yıllara ilişkin ilçelerdeki kırmızı ve yeşil mercimek verimleri birleştirilerek Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü arşivlerinden derlenmiştir. Mercimek verimine en etkili iklim elemanlarının özellikle zaman faktörü ve çeşitli zamanlardaki yağış miktarları ve sıcaklıklar olduğu saptanmıştır. Belirlenen iklim elemanları yardımıyla ilçeler için ileriye dönük mercimek verim tahminlerinde kullanabilecek tahmin eşitlikler elde edilmiştir. İklim elemanları kullanılarak eşitlikler yardımıyla elde edilen tahmini verim değerleri ile gerçek üretim değerleri karşılaştırılmıştır., The main purpose of this study was to obtain the effect of climatic factors to lentil yield in Turkey. In the research by the help of the computers, multiple stepwise regression method was used and the effect of 113 various climatic factors to lentil yield were investigated. As a result the most effective factors to lentil yield in Turkey were found as; time variable (that is technological development) and amount of the rainfull and temperature of the some period. By the help of these climatic factors estimation equations were obtained to estimate lentil yield for the research area of Turkey In Addition, the estimated and real lentil production values are compared.

The research was carried out to determine the effects of organic osmotic priming applications germination and homogeneous seedling development in the tomato and pepper species seed, which constitutes the main starting point of human nutrition. In the osmotic conditioning study of tomato and pepper seeds; 3 organic herbal products were used: laurel fruit (Laurus nobilis), dried black thyme (Thymbra spicata) leaves and stems and seaweed extract (Ascophyllum nodosum). As a result of the study, the most successful application was provided in pepper, followed by tomato applications. Seaweed (1g/l) and laurel applications in pepper, seaweed (1g/l) and thyme applications in tomato were successful. In the study, the use of organic herbal products in the priming application of tomato and pepper seeds gave positive results. In addition, the need for imported chemicals disappears, and most importantly, environmentally friendly products that protect nature were used effectively in the seed industry., Araştırma insan beslenmesinin temel başlangıç noktasını oluşturan tohumda, organik priming uygulamalarının biber ve domates türlerinin tohumlarında çimlenme ve homojen fide gelişimine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Domates ve biber tohumlarında priming çalışmasında; defne meyvesi (Laurus nobilis), kurutulmuş kara kekik (Thymbra spicata) yaprak ve sapları ve deniz yosunu özütü (Ascophyllum nodosum) olmak üzere 3 organik bitkisel ürün kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda en başarılı uygulama biberde sağlanmış, bunu domates uygulamaları takip etmiştir. Biberde yosun (1g/L) ve defne uygulamaları, domateste yosun (1g/L) ve kekik uygulamaları başarılı olmuştur. Çalışma yapılan iki bitki türünde de organik kökenli ürünlerin (defne, kekik ve deniz yosunu) fidelere herhangi bir olumsuz etki yapmadan etkili ve başarılı bir şekilde kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Araştırmada domates ve biber tohumlarında priming uygulamasında organik bitkisel ürünlerin kullanımı olumlu sonuçlar vermiştir. Ayrıca ithal kimyasallara olan ihtiyaç ortadan kalkmakta en önemlisi de doğayı koruyan çevreci ürünler tohum sanayinde etkin bir şekilde kullanılmış olmaktadır.

This study was carried out to determine change in botanical composition, nutrient content, feed value and some quality parameters of natural grasslands in Ankara, for 4 months May, June, July and August. The study was carried out in the natural rangeland areas of 3 villages within the borders of Ayaş (1 and 2) and Nallıhan (3) in Ankara province in 2016. The botanical composition, nutrient contents fibrous materials, mineral substances, with In vitro gas production: GP, dry matter digestibility: DMD, and organic matter digestibility: OMD, energy values, and methane production:MP capacities, in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility: dNDF, relative feed values: RFV and relative forage quality index:RFQI determined by taking feed samples every 15 days in May, June, July and August. The botanical diversity of rangelands was found different from each other. The proportion of legumes compared to weight in rangeland 1 was higher compared to grassland 2 and 3, and the proportion of the wheatgrain and others was lower. While wheatgrain and legumes ratio was close to each other on rangeland 2, the proportion of cereals was found higher than legumes on the rangeland 3. In all three rangelands, while the CP, NFE, N, Ca, GP, DMD, OMD, dNDF and RFV RFQI values of the plants were high in May, it was determined that these features decreased significantly until August (P

Şeker pancarı (Beta Vulgaris L.) iki yıllık bir endüstri bitkisidir. İnsanlar için önemli bir besin kaynağı olan şekerin yanı sıra melas, alkol, maya, antibiyotik ve biyoetonol gibi birçok ürünün ham maddesini oluşturmaktadır. Şeker pancarı tarımında ekimden fabrikasyona kadar geçen dönemde, biyotik ve abiyotik birçok etmen değişik boyutlarda ekonomik zararlara neden olmaktadır. Bu etmenlerden birisi olan Karadrina [Spodoptera Exigua (Hübner)] da zaman zaman önemli ekonomik kayıplar meydana getirmektedir. Zararlı; Afrika, Asya, Avrupa, Kuzey Amerika ve Okyanusya’da toplam 152 ülkede 35 familyadan 170’den fazla bitki türünü içeren geniş bir konukçu dizinine sahiptir. Sıcaklığa bağlı olarak zararlı yaşam döngüsünü 21 gün gibi kısa bir sürede tamamlayabilmektedir. Ilıman yerlerde 5, bazen 6 döl verirken, daha soğuk bölgelerde ise iki, bazen de üç döl verebilmektedir. Zarar, larvaların şeker pancarı yaprakları ve pancar köklerinin üst kısmı ile beslenip, gelişmekte olan bitkileri tamamen yok etmesi ile meydana gelmektedir. Zararlının mücadelesinde üreme kapasitesine ve populasyon yoğunluğuna bağlı insektisit kullanımı önerilmektedir. Ülkemizde Karadrina’nın şeker pancarındaki zararı ile ilgili çalışmalar sınırlı düzeydedir. Bu derleme ile zararlının coğrafi dağılımı, ekonomik önemi, biyolojisi, zarar belirtileri, zararı, konukçuları ve mücadelesine ait güncel bilgilerin verilmesi amaçlanmış ve ülkemizde bu zararlının şeker pancarındaki zararı ile ilgili yapılması gerekenlere ilişkin öneriler sunulmuştur., Sugar beet (Beta Vulgaris L.) is a two-year industrial plant and it is an important human food source as sugar besides the raw material of many products such as molasses, alcohol, yeast, antibiotic, and bioethanol. Many biotic and abiotic factors cause economic losses with different dimensions in the period from plantation to fabrication in sugar beet cultivation. Beet armyworm [Spodoptera Exigua (Hübner)], which is one of these factors occasionally causes significant economic losses. Pest; It has a large host directory that contains more than 170 plant species from 35 families in a total of 152 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceania. Depending on the temperature, it can complete its harmful life cycle in as short as 21 days. It may produce 5, or 6 generations in warm places, while two or three generations in colder regions. Damage usually occurs as a result of feeding the larvae on the sugar beet leaves and the upper part of the beetroots, which completely destroys growing plants. In terms of pest management, it is recommended to use insecticides depending on the reproductive capacity and population density. The studies about the damage of the Beet armyworm in sugar beets are limited in our country. It was aimed to provide the latest information on the geographical distribution, economic importance, biology, damage symptoms, damage, host and management of the pest with this review, and suggestions regarding the damage of this pest in sugar beet in our country were presented.

Bu çalışma, ekmeklik buğdayda farklı tane iriliklerinin unda bazı kalite özellikleri üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, Bayraktar 2000, Tosunbey, Lütfübey ve Şanlı ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin elek analizi sonrasında >2,8 mm, 2.8 - 2,5 mm ve 2,5 - 2,2 mm partikül boyutuna sahip farklı irilikteki buğday taneleri kullanılmıştır. Farklı tane iriliğine sahip ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin tavlanarak öğütülmesi ile elde edilen unlarda; yaş gluten, kuru gluten, gluten indeks, düşme sayısı, sedimantasyon ve gecikmeli sedimantasyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca hamurların reolojik özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla; tekstür analiz cihazının Kieffer hamur ve gluten uzayabilirlik ve Chen–Hoseney hamur yapışkanlık donanımları kullanılarak hamurların uzamaya karşı direnç (Rmax), uzayabilirlik (Ext), yapışkanlık, yapışma kuvveti ve hamur kuvveti gibi kalite parametreleri incelenmiştir. Bu özelliklerin değerleri bakımından tane irilikleri arasında istatistiksel olarak fark olmazken, çeşitler arasında %0,01 düzeyinde önemli farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Çeşit x tane iriliği kombinasyonu istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Yaş gluten %27,8 - 54,55, kuru gluten %9,50 - 20,1, gluten indeks değeri %43,55 – 94,29, düşme sayısı 262,50-882,00 sn, sedimantasyon 32,00 - 65,50 ml ve gecikmeli sedimantasyon 31,50 - 63,0 ml arasında bulunmuştur. Kieffer test sonuçlarından Rmax 12,50 - 25,77 g, Ext 14,12 – 60,25 mm arasında, Chen-Hoseney test değerlerinden yapışkanlık 9,41 – 40,06 g, yapışma kuvveti (adezyon) 0,55 – 7,29 g.sn ve hamur kuvveti 0,73 – 4,55 mm değerleri arasında değişim göstermiştir. Gluten indeks, uzayabilirlik ve hamur kuvveti dışında incelenen parametrelerin en yüksek değerleri Şanlı çeşidinin 2,8 mm tane iriliğinde belirlenmiştir. En düşük değerler ise, tane iriliği ve çeşide bağlı olarak değişiklik göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, daha yüksek un kalite özelliklerinden dolayı Şanlı buğday çeşidi ve tercihen daha iri tane yapısı önerilebilir., The study was conducted to investigate the effect of different grain sizes in bread wheat on some quality characteristics of flour. In the research, after sieve analysis of Bayraktar 2000, Tosunbey, Lütfübey and Şanlı cultivars, grains with have a particle size of >2.8 mm, between 2.8- 2.5 mm and 2.5- 2.2 mm were used. The wet gluten, dry gluten, gluten index, falling number, sedimentation and delayed sedimentation analyzes were done in bread wheat flours obtained by tempering and grinding of the bread wheat varieties with different grain size. In addition, rheological properties of dough’s such as resistance to extension (Rmax), extensibility (Ext), stickiness, work of adhesion and dough strength were detected by using Kieffer dough and gluten extensibility and Chen - Hoseney dough stickness rigs of texture analyzer. While there weren’t statistical difference between the grain sizes in terms of the values of these characteristics, there were significant differences at the level of 0.01% between cultivars. Cultivar x grain size combination was found statistically significant. The wet gluten, dried gluten, gluten index, falling number, sedimentation and delayed sedimentation values were found between 27.8-54.55%, 9.50-20.1%, 43.55-94.29%, 262.50-882.00 s, 32.00-65.50 ml and 31.50-63.0 ml respectively. Rmax and Ext, results of Kieffer test, were found between 2.50-25.77 g and 14.12-60.25 mm respectively while stickiness, adhesion force and dough strength values obtained from the Chen-Hoseney test were determined as 9.41-40.06 g, 0.55-7.29 g.sn and 0.73-4.55 mm respectively. Apart from gluten index, Ext and dough force, the highest values of all other examined characteristics were determined as 2.8 mm seed size of Şanlı cultivar. The lowest values varied depending on the seed size and cultivar. As a result, due to their higher flour quality characteristics, Şanlı wheat variety and preferably larger grain size (2.8 ≥ mm) can be recommended.

Tiger nut or Cyperus esculentus originated from Africa and tropical Asia considered some authors, while other authors consider that it is native to tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. It belongs to Cyperaceae family, which produces rhizomes and spherical tubers. C. esculentus grows very well on all soil types. This plant is fast growing up with 20 to 70 cm tall. It lives in a moderate climate with a temperature between 20 °C and 30 °C and cannot resist in soil with high salinity. It can be eaten in different conditions; dry, raw, roasted, or grated, also it can be transformed into milk called “Horchata”. With the use of Tiger nut for food purposes mainly in raw consumption (gluten-free flour, ice-cream milk type extract) due to its unique sweetness, as well as, a valuable source for vegetable oils, add to that it has a lot of medicinal benefits (it reduces the risk of colon cancer, used as a heart stimulant, effective remedy for diarrhea and an anti-inflammatory) and used as high added value compound such as starch, glucose, protein, and minerals (potassium, phosphorus, vitamin E and C). Despite all these previous mentioned benefits and advantages, low focus had been putting into Cyperus esculentus’s researches. Therefore, this work has an aim to review the work done before and mention the great importance of valorizing Tiger nuts. This study gives a brief introduction about Cyperus esculentus and describes its morphology and its world distribution.

Hasat öncesi üretim koşulları ve kültürel işlemler ürün kalitesini belirlemektedir. Optimum koşullarda elde edilen yüksek kalitenin tüketiciye ulaşıncaya kadar korunması ise çeşitli hasat sonrası faktörlere bağlıdır. Kesme çiçekler, saksılı süs bitkileri ve çiçek soğanlarının hasat sonrası fizyolojilerini ve kalitelerini etkileyen en önemli faktör sıcaklıktır. Çeşitli kesme çiçekler üzerinde yapılan araştırmalar, hasat sonrası ömrün solunum hızına bağlı olduğunu, solunum artışı ile çiçek ömrünün kısaldığını göstermiştir. Solunum hızı sıcaklıkla doğru orantılı olarak artmaktadır. Yapılan son araştırmalar, soğuk zincirin sadece çiçek ömrünü uzatmada değil, aynı zamanda çiçek kalitesini korumada önemini ortaya koymuştur. Bu nedenlerle üretim ya da hasat sonrası sıcaklığın çiçeğin veya bitkinin zarar görmeyeceği en düşük sıcaklığa düşürülmesi gerekir. Etilen kesme çiçek ve diğer süs bitkilerinde kontrol altına alınması gereken diğer önemli bir faktördür. Etilen petal ve yaprak yaşlanması dışında, tomurcuk açılmasında önemli rol oynamaktadır. Yapılan araştırmalar, yaşlanması etilen bağlı olmayan soğanlı çiçeklerde tomurcuk açılmasında etilenin önemli rol oynadığını göstermiştir. Bu nedenle etilen inhibitörleri süs bitkilerinin hasat sonrası teknolojisinde önemli yer tutmaktadır. Çevreyle barışık yeni etilen inhibitörü 1-MCP kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Su çekme kesme çiçeklerin ömrünü etkileyen en önemli faktörlerdendir. İletim demetinde gelişen tıkanma sonucunda solma meydana gelmektedir. Fiziksel ve mikrobik tıkanmaların dışında, özellikle odunsu sap yapısına sahip kesme çiçeklerin iletim demetlerinde kesim sonrası yaralanmaya tepki olarak bazı enzim faaliyetleri sonucunda fizyolojik tıkanma gelişmektedir. Bu konuda yapılan son araştırmalar, bazı enzim inhibitörlerinin ksilemde gelişen tıkanmayı önlediğini göstermiştir. Deniz yoluyla taşıma çiçek endüstrisinde giderek önem kazanmaktadır. Konteyner sisteminde kontrollü koşullar ve soğuk zincirin sağlanabilmesi nedeniyle, kalite korunabilmekte ve taşıma maliyeti düşmektedir. Bu derlemede, süs bitkilerinin hasat sonrası kalitelerinin korunmasında etkili faktörler ele alınmış, hasat sonrası uygulamalara yönelik son araştırma sonuçlarına ve yeni teknolojilere yer verilmiştir., The preharvest growth conditions and cultural treatments determine the crop quality. The high quality of crops obtained in optimum conditions should be maintained by proper postharvest handling and treatments during marketing channels. The most important factor in postharvest quality of cut flowers is temperature. The recent studies showed that temperature play an important role in geotropic bending and growth as well as vase life. The effects of temperature and ethylene on gravitropic bending of cut snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) flowers were investigated. Geotropism is an important problem decreasing the quality of some cut flowers placed horizontal during storage and transport. Ethylene was suggested to play an important role in bud opening of Iris hollandica. Another important factor in maintaining quality of ornamentals after harvest/production is ethylene. The studies on effects of 1-MCP in ornamental plants, a new ethylene inhibitor as alternative to STS has been increasing rapidly. Physiological plugging as a result of wound reaction in xylem of the woody stems of Chamelaucium uncinatum and Acacia holosericea was investigated. Sea transport which is a new economic alternative way in ornamental transport by maintaining flower quality longer is expected to gain more importance in ornamental sector in future. The important factors and postharvest treatments in maintaining the quality of ornamental plants and cut flowers after harvest, by considering the results of recent research and new technology, were given and discussed in this review.

Türkiye’de pamukta makineli hasat girişimleri esas itibariyle 1996 yılında başlamıştır. Bundan önceki, 1969 yılında başlayarak 1996 yılına dek uzanan dönemde, bazı firmalar zaman zaman pazarı yoklamak amacıyla hasat kayıplarının kabul edilebilir sınırdan fazla olan iğli ve testereli tip toplama ünitesine sahip pamuk toplama makinası ithal edip bunlarla demonstrasyonlar yapmışlardır. Ancak bu girişimler devamlılık kazanamamıştır. 1996 yılında hasat kayıplarının kabul edilebilir sınırdan az olan Amerika menşeili iğli makinaların gelmesi ile makinalı hasat devamlılık göstermeye başlamıştır. Bu da göstermiştir ki pamuk hasat makinası toplama teknolojisi hasat devamlılığında ve artışında önemli bir faktör olmuştur. Günümüzde halen kullanılan iğli sistem makinalar üzerindeki teknolojik gelişimler ve yenilikler giderek artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, geçmişten günümüze Türkiye pazarında kullanılan pamuk hasat makinaları tanıtılmış, bunlar üzerindeki teknolojilerin hasat verimliliği üzerine araştırmalar yapılmış ve bu konuda kaynak oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucu olarak, teknolojik düzeyde yapılan her iyileştirmenin bir tercih sebebi olduğu ve hasat esnasında ve sonrasında yaşanan bazı eksikleri tamamladığı, makinalar üzerindeki birçok teknolojinin kalifiye eksikliklerden dolayı ülkemiz hasat koşullarında henüz uygulanmadığı tespit edilmiştir.

This work was carried out to test the effect of seaweed treatment on germination and seedling emergence in two onion seed lots. Distilled water containing 5% of seaweed was applied through solid matrix priming at a ratio of 2:1:3 Seed: vermiculite: seaweed extract (w: w: w) over two days at 15º C in the dark. Seeds of seaweed, distilled water treated and dry control were tested at 10 and 15 % PEG (drought), 100 and 150 mM NaCl (salt), and 30 and 35ºC (temperature) stresses, respectively. Seedling emergence, seedling height, fresh weight and dry weight were tested at 30ºC, 10% PEG and 100 mM NaCl. Seaweed treatment enhanced germination and seedling emergence compared not only to the dry control, but also to the distilled water treatment. The difference in germination was up to 18% compared with the dry control and 6% compared with the distilled water treatment. Moreover, seedling height was increased by the seaweed treatment. Results showed that seaweed extract priming may have a potential to enhance the resistance of onion seeds under abiotic stress conditions.

In this study, some heavy metal levels in the wetlands of Gölbaşı Lake in Adıyaman, Gavur Lake in Kahramanmaraş and Amik Lake in Hatay province were investigated. 24 soil samples were taken by taking a cross-section from the lake mirror, on the soils formed on the materials formed around the wetland and moved to the lake area. The total contents of heavy metals nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in soil pollution parameters were determined. For this purpose, the tri-acid digestion method was applied to the soil and an inductively coupled plasma device was used. According to the data obtained, the total concentrations of Ni, Cr, Cu and Zn were changed between 49.04-1954.094 mg kg-1, 36.65-1630.609 mg kg-1, 7.02-48.776 mg kg-1 and 7.607-34.788 mg kg-1 respectively. In addition, it has been determined that the measured parameters do not exceed the pollution limit values of Cu and Zn heavy metals except Ni and Cr associated with the main material. Cr and Ni in the research field soil where the heavy metal pollutions (Gavur Lake>Amik Lake>Gölbaşı Lake), Cu and Zn were free of heavy metals. It has been concluded that especially the rocks where the soils are formed are limestone, basalt and serpentine rocks, which may have an effect on the excess of Cr and Ni heavy metals.

Bu çalışma, hindiba (Cichorium intybus L.)'nın bazı yem bitkileriyle karışımlarının verim ve bazı kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Araştırma ve Uygulama alanında 2017 ve 2018 yılında Tesadüf Blokları Deneme desenine göre yürütülmüştür. Materyal olarak hindiba ile yonca, ak üçgül, çayır üçgülü, gazal boynuzu, çok yıllık çim ve domuz ayrığının yalın, ikili ve üçlü karışımları kullanılmıştır. Hasat işlemi hindibanın tomurcuklanma dönemde yapılmıştır. 2017 yılında en yüksek toplam kuru ot verimi çayır üçgülü+domuz ayrığı+hindiba karışımında 2562,8 kg/da olarak belirlenmiştir. 2018 yılında ise çayır üçgülü+çok yıllık çim+hindiba karışımında 1668,6 kg/da olarak belirlenmiştir. Ortalama ham protein ADF, NDF oranı ile NYD değeri 2017 yılında % 18,6 - % 27,8 - % 39,5 - 160,1, 2018 yılında ise % 21,6 - % 21,5 - % 35,6 - 189,4 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen veriler ışığında benzer ekolojiler için çayır üçgülü+domuz ayrığı+hindiba ve çayır üçgülü+çok yıllık çim+hindiba karışımları önerilebilir., This research was conducted to determining yield and agronomical characteristics on some cultivars of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) during growing seasons of 2017- 2018 in Ondokuz May University, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Department experimental area. This research conducted with randomized block design with three replications. Forage mixtures comprised combinations of alfalfa, white clover, red clover, birdsfood trefoil, perennial ryegrass and orchard grass along with chicory as pure stand, simple mixtures (2 species) and multi mixtures (3 species). All plots were cutting by a hand forage clipper in bud stage in the establishment year of 2017 and 2018. The highest hay yield of the mixture was determined on red clover+orchard grass+chicory with 2562.8 kg/da and red clover+perennial ryegrass+chicory with 1668.6 kg/da in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The average crude protein, ADF, NDF ratio and RFV value of the pastures in 2017 were determined 18.6%, 27.8%, 39.5% and 160.1, respectively. In 2018, the average crude protein, ADF, NDF ratio and RFV value of the pastures were determined 21.6%, 21.5%, 35.6% and 189.4, respectively. The findings of this study indicate that the mixture of red clover+orchard grass+chicory and red clover+ perennial ryegrass+chicory are suggested in similar ecological conditions.

Karayaka sheep is a breed that is valuable in terms of wool and meat quality. Therefore, Karayaka sheep race was used. Research, grown in Tokat who had given birth at least once a deal is made using 100 Karayaka sheep. Sheep were placed with progesterone impregnated sponges for 15 days in January, when there was no estrus. While the sponges were withdrawn, 750 IU PMSG injections were applied per animal. In the experimental group, Misoprostol (Cytotec, Pfizer-USA), which was the Prostaglandin E1 analogue, at a dose of 75 mg / sheep per animal 48 hours after PMSG injection. After waiting for 4 hours it was performed with trans-cervical insemination of frozen thawed semen. Lambing, fecundity and infertility rates were found as 44%, 48% and 56% in natural-mated group and 68%, 108% and 32% in misoprostol group, respectively. Fertility rate was numerically increased in misoprostol group compare to the control animals. Infertility rate was also numerically decreased in the treated group than the control ewes. The results indicated that acceptable fertilization and pregnancy rates could be obtained in estrous synchronized and trans cervically inseminated ewes after misoprostol treatment (p>0.05).

The aim of the experiment was to determine the chemical composition of some feed stuffs used for animal nutrition by chemical and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) methods and also find out the relationship between two methods. As materials, 14 different feedstuffs were used in the study. Although there were significant relationships (R2= 0.931, 0.990, 0.993, 0.990, 0.970, 0.980) between two methods in terms of the contents of moisture, crude protein, crude cellulose, crude fat, and starch and crude ash contents. Although comparison of feedstuffs that were analyzed in terms of ADF and NDF contents, the relationships (R2=0.329 and 0.339) were found insignificant. As a result, if calibration of NIRS was done accurately for analyzes and also NIRS needs more information in its library for more accurate/precise estimation of nutrition contents. Therefore, this study clearly showed that the chemical composition of diets used for poultry nutrition could be estimated readily and cheaply with the aid of NIRS.

In this study, Seri 82 bread wheat and 6 mutant lines (Seri 82-M3-1, Seri 82-M3-2, Seri 82- M3-3, Seri 82-M3-4, Seri 82-M3-5 and Seri 82-M3-6) were screened for some traits using 17 allele specific DNA markers. In the study Seri82 bread wheat and 6 mutant lines characterized for alleles gluten strength (Bx7OE marker), yellow rust Yr45 (Xwgp115marker) and Yr51 (SUN104 marker), stem rust Sr49 (SUN209 and SUN479 markers), vernalisation Vrn-A1 (VRN1marker), dwarfing Rht-B1a (tall) (BF-WR1 marker), Rht-B1b (short) (BF-MR1 marker), Rht-D1a (tall) (DF2-WR2marker), Rht-D1b (short) (DF MR2 marker), Rht8 (WMS261 marker), high protein content Gpc-B1 (UHW89 marker), ryetranslocation (RIS, NOR and SCM9 markers), grain hardness Pina (Pina-D1 marker) and waxy Wx-A1 (SUN1 marker).According to the results, 61 polymorphic bands obtained from 17 DNA markers and the average allele number was 3.58.The highest band numbers were obtained from RIS and SCM9 markers with 6 bands, while the lowest band numberswere obtained from Bx7OE, Xwgp115 and SUN209 markers. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) valuewas determined as 0.79, while the highest PIC value was obtained from BF-WR1 markers as 0.99. As the allele specificmarkers evaluated stem rust Sr49 was determined in Seri 82, Seri 82-M3-2, Seri 82-M3-3, Seri 82-M3-4 and Seri 82-M3-6genotypes while dwarfing gene (short) screened in Seri 82-M3-2 genotype and dwarfing gene (tall) determined on theSeri 82, Seri 82-M3-1, Seri 82-M3-3, Seri 82-M3-4, Seri 82-M3-5 and Seri 82-M3-6 genotypes. Rht8 dwarfing gene wasfound in Seri 82-M3-1, Seri 82-M3-4 and Seri 82-M3-6 genotypes and rye translocation was found in all mutant lines.

Within the scope of the Barley Breeding Program of the Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute (TZARI), studies are carried out to develop malting barley varieties that can adapt to the changing climatic conditions of the Central Anatolia and Transitional regions. In this study, the reactions of genotypes to normal and high yield conditions were investigated in terms of some malting quality traits. For this purpose, 11 advanced barley lines have been tested in TZARI 's Eskişehir Central Sultanönü and Toprak-Su Campus under normal (dry) and high (irrigated) yield conditions respectively. The field trials were established as randomized complete block design with 4 replications and İnce-04, Larende, Tarm-92, Ünver, Özdemir-05, Erginel-90 and Keser varieties were used as controls. In the study, malting quality traits of the breeding materials such as test weight, grain protein content, grain starch ratio and plumped grain ratio were investigated. According to the results of the research, differences between environment and genotypes in all parameters and genotype × environment interactions were found statistically significant in both environments. According to the averages of the trials under normal and high yield conditions, test weight 62.13 - 64.12 kg hL-1; grain protein content 12.42% - 13.63%; grain starch ratio was between 55.27% - 53.67% and plumped grain ratio between 75.46% - 83.64%. Also correlations among all parameters examined in both environment were found significant. As a result the lines 9, 10 and 11 in test weight; lines 10 and 11 for low protein ratio and high starch ratio; lines 1 and 9 for plumped grain ratio were found to be prominent., GeçitKuşağı Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü (GKTAEM) arpa ıslah programı kapsamındayapılan bu çalışmada Orta Anadolu ve geçit bölgelerinin değişen iklim şartlarınaadapte olabilen, yüksek verimli, protein oranı düşük, dolgun taneli ve maltlıkkullanıma uygun yeni arpa çeşitleriningeliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla ileri kademeye gelmiş 11arpahattı sırasıyla yağışa bağımlı (kuru) ve yüksek verim (sulu) şartlarındaGKTAEM’in Eskişehir Merkez Sultanönü ve Toprak-Su kampüsündeki tarlalarda denemeyealınmıştır. Denemelerde İnce-04, Larende, Tarm-92, Ünver, Özdemir-05, Erginel-90ve Keser çeşitleri standart olarak kullanılmıştır. Tarla denemeleri 2014-2015 ürün yetiştirmesezonunda tesadüf blokları deneme deseninegöre 4 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada incelenen hatların verim ve bazı maltlık kalite özellikleribelirlenmiştir. Buna verilerle yapılan varyans analiz sonuçlara göre tüm parametrelerdeçevre ve genotipler arasındaki farklılıklar ile genotip x çevreinteraksiyonları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı (p

The aim of this study is to determine the results of the training seminar held for breeders in March 2018 inÇorum province, Alaca, Mecitözü and Sungurlu districts in order to eliminate the problems in dairy cattle enterprisessupported by the Agriculture and Rural Development Support Institution (ARDSI). It was found that the survey consistingof 12 questions showed similar values in the districts, but the highest change was seen in Mecitözü district. It wasdetermined that the answers for the study conducted in Alaca vary significantly before and after the seminar (P

In this study, four new insect pest species those are observed in hazelnut orchards of Turkey were discussed. Black timber bark beetle, Xylosandrus germanus belong to ambrosia beetles group became one of the serious pests of hazelnut trees in last years. This species attacks the healthy trees as well as debilitated ones by any reason. Adult emergence of this pest is seen from early April to September. This pest attack and bore holes to make galleries inside of trees and finally cause death of trees, with two other common ambrosia beetles in hazelnut orchards. The second species, Frosted moth-bug, Metcalfa pruinosa is very polyphagous species and reported years ago with a small numbers in country but it became very common in hazelnut orchards during the years of 2014-2018, as well as on many other plants. This pest feeds on young shoots and leaves of hazelnut, produces honeydew and cause fumagine. Another new pest species, Croesus septentrionalis was faunistically recorded years ago in country but never observed as a pest on hazelnut until last years. This species was observed as a pest in some hazelnut orchards of Marmara region during 2015-2016. The larvae of this pest gregariously feed on leaves of hazelnut during the summer period. Lastly, Anoplophora chinensis, an invasive and new species in country, was observed on hazelnut trees in Trabzon province, in 2018. Among them, X. germanus became very common in hazelnut orchards in short time and have economic importance. But M. pruinosa and C. septentrionalis does not seem having economic importance. A. chinensis is an important pest of some other plants and the damage potential on hazelnut trees must be monitored carefully in subsequent years. In this study, in addition to field observations, short descriptions, distributions, biology and damages of these four new pest species of hazelnut were given., Bu çalışmada son yıllarda Türkiye fındık bahçelerinde gözlenen dört yeni zararlı böcek türü ele alınmıştır. Yazıcı böcekler grubundan olan, Xylosandrus germanus son yıllarda fındıkta önemli bir zararlı haline gelen yeni bir türdür. Bu tür zayıf ağaçların yanı sıra sağlıklı ağaçlara da saldırmaktadır. Zararlının erginleri fındık bahçelerinde genel olarak nisan ayı başından eylül ayına kadar görülebilmektedir. Zararlı, ağaç içerisinde galeriler açarak ağaçların ölümüne sebep olabilmektedir. İkinci tür, Metcalfa pruinosa çok polifag bir tür olup, yıllar önce ülkemizde az sayıda görüldüğü kaydedilmekle birlikte, diğer pek çok bitkinin yanı sıra ülkemiz fındık bahçelerinde 2014-2018 yılları arasında çok yaygın hale gelmiştir. Bu zararlı fındığın genç sürgünlerini ve yapraklarını sokup-emerek beslenmekte ve aynı zamanda tatlı madde salgılayarak fumajine neden olmaktadır. Croesus septentrionalis (Fındık testereli arısı) yıllar önce ülkemiz faunasına kaydedilmiş olmasına rağmen son yıllara kadar fındıkta zararlı olduğu görülmemiştir. Bu tür 2015-2016 sezonunda Marmara bölgesinin bazı fındık bahçelerinde gözlemlenmiştir. Bu böceğin larvaları yaz boyunca fındık yaprakları üzerinde topluca beslenmektedir. Son olarak ülkemizde istilacı ve yeni bir tür olarak 2014 yılında tespit edilen Anoplophora chinensis (Turunçgil uzun antenli böceğ), 2018 yılında Trabzon ili fındık bahçelerinde yeni bir zararlı olarak gözlenmiştir. Bu zararlılar arasında X. germanus kısa süre içinde fındık bahçelerinde önemli bir zararlı haline gelmiştir. M. pruinosa ve C. septentrionalis ekonomik öneme sahip olarak gözükmemektedir. Turunçgil uzun antenli böceği önemli bir zararlı olup, fındıktaki zarar durumu ise sonraki yıllarda yakından takip edilmelidir. Bu çalışmada, fındık için yeni olan bu böcek türlerinin kısa tanımı, yayılışı, biyolojisi ve zararı ile ilgili bilgiler ve gözlemlere yer verilmiştir.

Geese production has developed rapidly globally in the past decade. Geese are reared for their meat, fatty livers and down feathers. Intensive, semi-intensive, extensive, and conventional production systems could be preferred for geese meat production. The aim of this review is to give general information about geese meat production. Moreover, genotypes used in geese meat production systems, the slaughter age, and live weight examined regarding production systems.

Market demand for blackberry fruit (Rubus fruticosus L.), that’s production is more and more being widespread both inthe world and Turkey, is increasing. The most important factor negatively affecting blackberry yield is fungal diseasesbut there are not any approved fungicides in Turkey to combat those diseases. This study was carried out in Bursa,Turkey's leading raspberry and blackberry production region, to develop organic and conventional managementprograms for controlling blackberry cane and leaf rust caused by Kuehneola uredinis (Link) Arthur, which wasprevalently observed in blackberry orchards. Copper fungicides (20% copper calcium sulfate) were used to determinethe efficacy against the disease as an organic spraying program. An IPM program recommended to control of blackberrycane and leaf rust disease in the State of California in the United States of America was applied to blackberry orchards inBursa conditions as a conventional spraying program (by using fungicides with active substances Pyraclostrobin +boscalid and myclobutanil). The evaluations made within the scope of the study were done before the harvest in earlyJune 2016, when the severity of the disease increased to 26% in the control parcels. In the evaluation, the effectivenessof the organic spraying program that was applied in the same way as the producers do was determined just as 7.69%,while the effectiveness of the conventional spraying program was found as 75%. It was observed that the appliedorganic spraying program did not reach sufficient efficiency. However, it is thought that conventional spraying programexamined might be used in control of the disease with some improvement.

Soybean is an important economic plant that prefers full sunlight and performs poor under shaded conditions that affect the reproductive phase of some soybean cultivars. The study aimed to find the interaction of soybean cultivars by comparing morphological, anatomical and physiological characters of two soybean cultivars on acidic soils under shaded and non-shaded conditions under West Java rainforest conditions to select against shade tolerance. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with two factors and used three replications. The main factor was the intensity of light (without and with 55% shading). The subfactor was soybean cultivars (Godek and Ceneng). The results showed positive effects of 55% shading on yield and yield components compared to those plants grown without shading. The 55% shaded plants had good growth with a large number of branches, leaf area index, leaf length, leaf width, and highest water content while non-shaded plants failed to grow properly with lower flowering, ratio of chlorophyll a/b, the number of root nodules and the sugar contents. The shaded plants also had the highest number of pods and pod weights after 8 weeks after sowing (WAS). It is concluded that high acidic Ultisol soil type can be managed to produce economic yields of soybean at pH of 4.8 which is below the recommended soil acidity under low shading conditions.

Adequate and balance nutrition of World human population is being a bigger problem day by day. Storage of obtained products has an importance for sustainability of human nutrition. 10% of storage products are loosed by stored products pests. In this study, physical stored products pest managements such as high and low temperate applications, low moisture grain application, using radioactive materials, ozone application, light traps and diatomaceous earth application were explained and introduced. Physical management methods can be preferred as it does not cause residues that may pose a threat to human health during product protection against harmful effects.

The aim of this review is to investigate the use of possibilities of oak acorn in diets of livestock. Dry oakacorn with high starch content was widely used to meet the requirements of livestock animal in the most parts of theworld. Small part of fallen acorn is consumed by small ruminant animal such as sheep and goat, although most offallen acorn are not collected and left in the field for deterioration. It is very important in terms of animal nutrition tomake use of acorn obtained from 6.5 million hectares of oak forest in natural flora of Turkey. Recently high demandsand cost of animal feedstuffs made it inevitable to make use of feedstuffs like acorn with high energy content.Chemical composition of acorn ranged from species to species. Generally crude protein content of acorn was lowalthough tannin content was high. Acorn can be used to some extent in ruminant and poultry ration. High tannin andlow protein contents are the main factors for inclusion of acorn into diets. Acorn supplemented diets should besupplemented with protein.

This study was carried out in laboratory conditions of Ordu University to determinate responses of oil-sunflower germination to different salt stress and GA3 at germination time in University of Ordu. The laboratuary experiment was set up completely randomized design with 3 replications in 2016. In the study, four NaCl doses (0, 25, 50 and 100 mM) and five GA3 doses (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm) were used to sunflower plumula length, radicula lenght, germination time and percentage of germination. At this study; plumule length of sunflower seeds at different NaCl and GA3 ranged between 3.31-5.70 cm and 3.33-5.63 cm respectively. By increasing NaCl concentration, seed germination delayed and decreased. Radicula lenght of sunflower seeds at different NaCl ranged between 2.29-5.54 cm. In the study, a significant effect on the properties of sunflower seeds to germinate is unprecedented dose of NaCl and GA3.

The study was carried out to determine the enzymes that affect the reproduction in certain farm animals.Studies of cattle, sheep, chicken and fish as animal species were examined. Researches of holstein, simmental andmontofon from different cattle breeds, in addition, as fish specie sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) were mentioned. Thelevels of Glutathione S-transferase and uterine arginase in cattle, sorbitol dehydrogenase and aldose reductase insheep, Glutathione peroxidase in chicken and aromatase in sea bream effect on reproduction and reproductiveperformance were researched.

Biyodizel tüm dünyada çevreci yakıt olarak bilinmektedir. Hammaddesi yağlı tohumlar olan bu yakıtın kullanımı, tarım ülkesi olarak ülkemizin enerji politikalarının belirlenmesinde etkili olmalıdır. Bu çalışmada, gıda sektöründe kullanılmayan tütün bitkisinin tohumlarından solvent ekstraksiyon yöntemiyle ham yağ elde edilmiştir. Bu yağdan transesterifikasyon yöntemi kullanılarak üretilen biyodizelin donma ve parlama noktası sıcaklıkları üzerine etkili olan parametreler istatistiksel olarakincelenmiştir. Tütün tohumu yağı biyodizelinin donma ve parlama noktaları sıcaklıkları üzerine katalizör miktarı (% 0,5, % 1, % 1,5), yağ/alkol molar oranı (1/4, 1/5, 1/6, 1/10) ve reaksiyon sıcaklığı (40, 50, 60 °C) parametrelerinin etkisini ortaya koymak için deneysel çalışmalar gerçekleştirildi. İstatistiksel analiz sonucunda donma noktası sıcaklığı üzerinde katalizör miktarı ve yağ/alkol molar oranı parametrelerinin, parlama noktası sıcaklığı üzerinde ise yağ/alkol molar oranı ve sıcaklık parametrelerinin etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Etkili olan parametrelere ait seviyeler istatistiki olarak belirlenmiştir., Biodiesel is known as the environmental fuel all over the world. The use of this fuel, the raw material ofwhich is oilseeds, should be effective in determining the energy policies of our agricultural country. In this study, crudetobacco seed oil which is not used in food sector was obtained by solvent extraction method. The parameters which areeffective on the freezing and flash point temperatures of biodiesel produced by using transesterification method havebeen analyzed statistically. Amount of catalyst on freezing and flash point temperatures of tobacco seed oil biodiesel(0.5%, 1%, 1.5%), oil/alcohol molar ratio (1/4, 1/5, 1/6, 1/10) and reaction temperature (40, 50, 60 °C) experimentalstudies were performed to reveal the effect of the parameters. As a result of the statistical analysis, it was found that theamount of catalyst and the oil/alcohol molar ratio parameters were effective on the freezing point temperature, and the oil/alcohol molar ratio and reaction temperature parameters were effective on the flash point temperature. Levels ofeffective parameters were determined statistically.

Aşılı sebze üretiminde anaç performansını etkileyen önemli faktörlerden birisi de anaçların kök yapısı ve stres koşullarıaltında topraktaki kök gelişim kabiliyetidir. Bu çalışmada, anaç ıslah programı kapsamında geliştirilen türler arasıpatlıcan anaç adaylarının (Solanum melongena x Solanum aethiopicum) kök mimarileri ve kök kalitesini oluşturanunsurların belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Geliştirilen anaç adaylarının klasik testlemeler sonucunda, Fusarium (Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. melongenae) ve Verticillium (Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) solgunluk hastalıkları ile kök-ur nematoduna(Meloidogyne incognita) dayanıklı oldukları belirlenmiştir. Patlıcan anaç adaylarının açık arazide ve kontrollü seraşartlarında (25 °C ± 1) köklenme düzeyleri araştırılmıştır. Denemede, 8 adet hibrit patlıcan anaç adayı ile 3 adet ticarihibrit anaç çeşidi (Hawk, Köksal, AGR-703) kullanılmıştır. Bitkiler, açık arazi koşullarında ve kontrollü sera şartlarında50 gün süreyle yetiştirilmiştir. Patlıcan anaçlarının fenotipik kök mimarilerinin incelenmesi ve köklenme düzeylerininayrıntılı olarak belirlenmesi amacıyla WinRhizo kök analiz programı (Regent Instrument Inc. Canada) kullanılmıştır.WinRhizo programı ile yapılan kök analizi sonucunda, kök mimarilerini ortaya koyan kök parametreleri (toplam kökuzunluğu (cm), kök yüzey alanı (cm2), kök hacmi (cm3), kök kuru ağırlığı (g), ortalama kök çapı (mm), belirlenmiştir.Ayrıca; patlıcan anaçlarının köklerine ait uç, çatallanma ve kesişme sayısı değerleri de tespit edilmiştir. Toplam kökuzunluğu (cm) değerleri, 1299 cm (RS-8) ile 4322 cm (RS-6) arasında değişim göstermiştir. RS-6 anacının kök kalitesiyönünden hem sera ve hem de açık arazi koşullarında en yüksek performansı gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Anaçlarınköklerine ait uç sayıları bakımından değerlendirme yapıldığında; RS-6 ve RS-1 anaçları sırasıyla 22538 adet ve 21111adet en yüksek uç sayısı değerlerine ulaşmıştır. En düşük uç sayısı değeri ise RS-7 (10269 adet) anacında belirlenmiştir.Genel olarak RS-6 ve RS-1 anaçlarının; kök ucu, kök dallanma sayısı ve kesişen kök sayıları yönünden, kontrol anaççeşitlerden daha yüksek değerlere sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda; hem serada ve hem de açıktabirçok kök parametresi yönünden patlıcan anaç adaylarının ticari anaçlara göre daha iyi bir köklenme yapısına ve ticarianaç olarak kullanılabilme potansiyeline sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir., One of the important factors affecting rootstock performance in grafted vegetable production is rootstructure and ability of development under stress conditions. In this study; it is aimed to examine the root architectureof Turkish eggplant rootstock candidates (Solanum melongena x Solanum aethipicum) which are developed from thehybrid rootstock breeding program. The developed rootstock candidates were found resistant to Fusarium (Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. melongenae) and Verticillium (Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) wilt diseases and nematode (Meloidogyneincognita). Rooting levels of developed rootstock candidates were investigated in open field and controlled greenhouse(25 °C ± 1) conditions. In the experiment, 8 hybrid rootstock variety candidates and 3 commercial hybrid rootstockvarieties (Hawk, Köksal, AGR-703) were used. The plants were grown for 50 days under open field and controlledgreenhouse conditions. WinRhizo root analysis program (Regent Instrument Inc. Canada) was used to determine theroot phenotypic architecture and rooting levels of eggplant rootstocks in detail. As a result of the root analysis with theWinRhizo program, the root parameters revealing the root architectures (total root length (cm), root surface area (cm²),root volume (cm³), root dry weight (g), average root diameter (mm) and number of tips, forks and crossing) have beenexamined. Total root length (cm) values ranged from 1299 cm (RS-8) to 4322 cm (RS-6). RS-6 rootstock has thehighest performance in terms of root quality both in greenhouse and in open field conditions. When the rootstocks isevaluated in terms of tips; RS-6 and RS-1 rootstocks reached to highest number 22538 and 21111 respectively. Thelowest number of tips was determined in RS-7 (10269) rootstock. In general, the number of root tips, forks andcrossings of RS-6 and RS1 rootstocks were found to be higher than the control rootstock varieties. As a result, it hasbeen determined that eggplant rootstock variety candidates have a better rooting structure in terms of many rootparameters than the commercial rootstocks both in greenhouse and field conditions. It has been also determined thatthese rootstock variety candidates have potency to use as commercial rootstock.