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The article discusses a reexamination of the concept of actual causation in American tort law, and it mentions the views of former and current law professors such as H.L.A. Hart and Tony Honoré, as well as information about legal principles such as but-for causation. Philosopher Ned Hall's intrinsicness thesis is addressed, along with the book "Causation and Responsibility: An Essay in Law, Morals & Metaphysics" by Michael S. Moore and sufficiency accounts in relation to causation.

The article discusses the American Supreme Court's (Court's) determination in the 2013 U.S. Alien Tort Statute (ATS)-related case Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. (Kiobel) that a plaintiff cannot file an ATS lawsuit unless his or her legal claim touches and concerns the territory of the U.S. A presumption against extraterritoriality is addressed, along with the Court's jurisprudence, a proposed rule from Justice Samuel Alito, and America's separation of powers doctrine.

The article discusses the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit's determination in the 2016 case Doe v. Internet Brands Inc. that immunity under Section 230 of the U.S. Communications Decency Act of 1996 (CDA) does not protect the website owner defendant from a failure-to-warn claim. American Internet law and tort immunity are addressed, along with the court's decision not to adopt an alternative understanding of the CDA. California law and rape claims are also assessed.

The article discusses the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit's ruling in the 2014 case Al Shimari v. CACI Premier Technology Inc. which deals with America's Alien Tort Statute (ATS), the country's foreign relations laws, and four Iraqi nationals who claim that they were tortured by U.S. military contractors at the Abu Ghraib prison complex. It states that the ATS gives federal courts jurisdiction over certain civil actions committed by aliens. Several other legal cases are examined.

The article discusses the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit's ruling in the 2013 case Balintulo v. Daimler AG which deals with the U.S. Alien Tort Statute (ATS) and a reported bar against common law suits which allege violations of customary international law based solely on conduct occurring overseas. The U.S. Supreme Court case Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co., which involves the ATS and foreign defendants, is examined. The U.S. Judiciary Act of 1789 is also assessed.

The article discusses the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit's ruling in the 2013 case MacDonald v. Thomas M. Cooley Law School (Cooley) which deals with American tort law, a fraudulent misrepresentation claim, and law school-provided employment statistics. According to the article, the job prospects for Cooley graduates are poor. The Michigan Consumer Protection Act (MCPA) and motions to dismiss are examined, along with deceptive marketing practices and law school reform efforts.

The article discusses the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in the 2013 case Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. which deals with the U.S. Alien Tort Statute, a presumption against extraterritoriality, and alleged violations of universal human rights norms. Other topics include international law, comity, and the environmental impact of the defendant's oil extraction practices in Nigeria. According to the article, Nigeria's military government engaged in a violent campaign against the Ogoni people.

The article discusses U.S. tort law, punitive damage awards, and preemption in light of the U.S. Supreme Court case Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co. The four essential elements of a negligence claim, like the one in the case involving Helen Palsgraf, are duty, breach, causation or proximate cause, and injury. The Due Process Clause of the U.S. Constitution is also examined in relation to torts law cases.

The article focuses on how the U.S. can improve conditions for federal immigrant detainees. Topics include the increase in U.S. enforcement of immigration laws, the incidence of maltreatment of federal immigration detainees in the U.S., and U.S. government liability under the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA).

The article discusses the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit case Ali v. Rumsfeld which deals with the U.S. Westfall Act and the immunity from prosecution protections afforded to U.S. officials for claims filed under the U.S Alien Tort Statute. The U.S. Westfall Act, which was enacted in 1988, superseded the U.S. Supreme Court case Westfall v. Erwin.

The article focuses on U.S. court case Doe VIII v. Exxon Mobil Corp. with dealt with the Alien Tort Statute (ATS). Information is provided on how the court decided that corporations would not be immune from liability under the ATS. It is noted that the petroleum company Exxon committed tortious acts by retaining Indonesian soldiers to serve as security forces at their facilities in Indonesia despite knowledge that the soldiers committed acts of violence and torture on villagers.

The article focuses on U.S. court case Hedgepeth v. Whitman Walker Clinic which dealt with tort liability for negligent infliction of emotional distress (NIED). Information is provided on how courts often apply the impact rule which allows recovery and award even when minor physical contact is made on a victim and examines the effect of the violation on an individual.

The author discusses lex loci rule and its impact on global economic welfare, highlighting the judicial opinion of Judge Richard Posner in Spinozzi v. ITT Sheraton Corp. A overview of the liability and applicability of this rule for ordinary tort suits and Alien Tort Statute lawsuits in the United States is offered.

Discusses the potential for civil remedies on the injustices of human trafficking under tort law in the U.S. Description of trafficking in the U.S.; Overview of the legal framework regarding human trafficking; Statutory claims that have been raised in civil suits by trafficking victims; Use of California law as a model to explore tort claims that may allow trafficking victims to recover fom their abusers.

Describes tort as a debt market in the U.S. Information an a model of tort debt; Discussion on how tort introduces incentives that affect corporate behavior; Depth of a firm's tort debt market.

Contends that mandatory-litigation class action is the only option for mass tort cases in the United States. Normative argument for adjudicating mass tort cases; Critique of law professor Richard Nagareda's Put Option proposal; Chart showing the probability of recovery in a given investment in time.

Discusses the viability of mass tort class action in the United States. Class certification and class settlement structure; Plaintiff class put option; Discussion on the settlement of the class-action involving the Fen-Phen drug.

Discusses the history of the United States accident law. Details on the late nineteenth-century accident crisis; Dilemmas of classical tort law; Cooperative self-insurance and the cooperative critique of industrial accidents.

Explores the developments in the civil adjudication at the turn of the 21st century in the United States. Use of public nuisance tort against the handgun industry; Problems and proposals in punitive damages reform; Assessment of judicial decisions and legislative initiatives.

Discusses the ruling of the Ohio Supreme Court on the case Ohio Academy of Trial Lawyers versus Sheward which deals with tort reform initiative. Rule violated by the initiative; Reason for forfeiting any claim to objectivity in the separation of powers debate.

Examines the nature of the expressive harms recognized by the United States Supreme Court (SC) in the Establishment Clause. Definition of expressive harm; Distinction of expressive harms from ideological and purely subjective injury; Description of the inconsistency by which the SC has dealt with expressive harms for purposes of standing; Suggestions to reconcile inconsistencies in the treatment of expressive harms.

Examines the constitutional challenged posed by the concept of fighting words which in their very utterance inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of peace. Details of the U.S. Supreme Court case Chaplinsky versus New Hampshire; Discussion on the jurisprudential development of inflicting an injury; Overview of a theoretical critique on the Chaplinsky doctrine.

Argues that U.S. courts should no longer conceptualize annulment as a separate and independent legal procedure, but as a possible remedy for the proposed wrongful adoption tort. Harm suffered by adopting families because of the general lack of information about adoptees; Description and critique of the legal devices that allegedly protect the rights of adopting parents; Discussion on the proposed wrongful adoption tort that integrates the legal devices into one unified proceeding.

Examines several areas of U.S. nonprofit corporation law. Data on the law of corporate governance and the fiduciary duties of nonprofits' directors; Qualifications for tax-exempt status and the taxation of revenue earned through commercial activities; Legal controls on fundraising imposed by the tax code and direct state regulation; Discussion on nonprofits' political activity; Data on tort law and other regulatory regimes that govern the nonprofit corporate sector.

Argues for an exception to claim preclusion in latent disease tort cases on a rationale similar to that underlying the discovery rule. Tension between the discovery rule and the transactional theory of modern claim preclusion doctrine; Discussion on proposal that courts allow a plaintiff to bring a second suit to recover for diseases that were unforeseeable or unlikely when she brought the initial suit; Conclusion.

Provides information on mass exposure cases in line with the U.S. tort system. Discussion of the claims based on the 'preponderance of the evidence' rule; Examination of the causation and proportionality in awarding cases involving torts; Views on the concept of public law in connection with adjudicatory procedures.

Focuses on the measurement of damages for constitutional violations with reference to traditional tort actions in the U.S. in the 1980s. Emphasis on the case Carey v. Piphus; Description of the common law model for damage awards; Provisions of the voting rights model.

Reports on developments pertaining to law in the United States. Constitutional limitations on the power of a state over foreign corporations; Control of directors of a corporation under a partnership agreement between stockholders; Conversion of partnership realty into personalty; Suit under foreign statute giving the "personal representative" the right to recover for death by wrongful act.

Presents a number of law cases in the United States. Priority of maritime liens in admiralty; Constructive possession and adverse possession; Agent's liability to third persons; Tort; Bankruptcy; Bills and notes; Cancellation of instruments; Carriers; Constitutional law; Due process of law; Death by wrongful act; Dower; Eminent domain; Evidence.

Explains the legal tests for conversion in the measure of damages between trover and trespass. Occurrence of confusion to sources such as the use by courts and text writers of indefinite phrases and the tendency of the courts to allow trover in cases where the amount of damages would become the same if trespass or case were brought because of the total loss of the chattel; Applicability in cases involving property disputes in the United States.

Presents a list of court cases in the U.S. as of January 1906. Cases on the liability of ship for wilful tort of seaman; Court cases on whether special police officer is agent of employer in the creation of agency; Lien on fund recovered for person other than client.

Discusses the law of equitable conversion in the U.S. Consequence arising from the conversion of a land of a deceased person in equity into money by his will; Presentation of several case involving equity conversion; Details of the cases; Opinion of the courts on the matter.

Discusses the theory of equitable conversion in the U.S. Right of a testator to dispose his will of the proceeds of a sale of land which he direct by the same will; Citation of cases involving the theory of equitable conversion; Opinion of the courts on the cases.

Discusses the plaintiff's illegal act as a defense in actions of tort. Overview on cases in which physical damage has been done to the plaintiff's person or property through the defendant's negligent acts or omissions; Radical difference between the cause of an accident and the blame for its; Background on the case of Bosworth v. Swansey.

The article presents recent decisions rendered by the U.S. Courts. In an action against the defendant for the tort of his mine manager, the defendant set up that he was excused from such liability by the provisions of a statute enacting that such managers be hired only from a class licensed by the state. It was held that the statute furnishes no defense. In another case, the plaintiffs signed a check drawn by one of their coexecutors, leaving spaces permitting of easy alteration. The drawer, after presentation, filled in the blank spaces, and the bank paid the check for the raised amount. It was held that the bank is not liable for the extra amount of the check thus fraudulently altered.

Discusses several court cases and ruling. Liability of principal for acts of independent contractor; Liability of principal to third person in tort; Personal injuries to passengers; Rights of property.

The article focuses on various lawsuits lodged in the U.S. The secretary of a company, to accommodate a friend, certified a transfer of shares, though the certificates were not lodged in the company's office as represented. The committee of a lunatic filed a petition in bankruptcy. Held, that the court had no jurisdiction to entertain such a petition. Under the Mexican statute giving an action for death by wrongful act, the liability of the defendant is limited to furnishing support to the legal dependents of the deceased during the periods of time that support would have been due from him, payments being made in monthly installments.

The articles presents several developments related to legal issues in the United States. Some of the issues discussed here are: municipal liability for the torts of fire-boats; reparian rights under the fifth amendment; secret antenuptial conveyances; restrictions upon the cy-près doctrine; damages in an action for deceit; rights under a theatre ticket; proof of future rent against a bankrupt leisure; injunctions against continuing nuisances; ouster from particular franchises by Quo Warranto proceedings.

The article presents information on judgments given by various courts in the U.S. In the case Farry v. Great Northern Ry. Co. The plaintiff left defendants' train before reaching the station for which he had bought a ticket. The station master, by locking the only door of the station, detained him to compel a surrender of this ticket. The court held that the defendants are liable for the false imprisonment. The court recognizes the English doctrine that a corporation cannot be held to incidentally authorize the commission of unlawful.

Discusses the qui tam actions in section 4901 of the Revised Statutes of the United States which is part of the Acts relating to Patents. Goal of punishing persons who fraudulently attempt to impose upon the public the belief that they are enjoying a monopoly in the articles so marked; Observation that only a person can be an informer upon the statute; Classification of the actions under the statute as actions in the nature of tort.

Presents legal cases from the English and American decisions not yet regularly reported. Recovery for death by wrongful act; Fictitious payee; Forged endorsement; Liability on bill of lading; Eminent domain; Constitutional law; Seizure of private property as criminal evidence; Fraudulent concealment; Federal jurisdictions.

Discusses various principles governing the laws of torts in the U.S. Recognition of temporal damage as an evil which its object is to prevent or redress; Manifestation of the probability of harm done intentionally; Degree of danger under the known circumstance.

Examines existing laws and policies governing the liability of a master for the tort of his servant in the U.S. Scope of the servant's employment relevant to the infliction of injury; Principles and applications of the rule; Legal rules and forms of actions; Policies governing the employment of servants and the burden of liability to the employer.

Questions whether the statutory action for injuries is causing death transitory. Definition of "transitory"; Power of a court to enforce the particular course of action arising outside of the State creating the court; Duty of the court to determine the controversy according to some law other than its own; Application of the argument of inconvenience and unnecessary burden to the enforcement of all causes of action arising out of the State; Three general classes of cases from which the question under discussion may arise; Right of the personal representative appointed in the State where the injury was done, to recover in another State, whose statute gives a similar remedy.

Focuses on the choice of law in multistate unfair competition in the U.S. Impact of the growing complexity of product distribution on the common law tort of unfair competition; Role of the uniformity of substantive law in the oldest segment of unfair competition on the diversity of substantive rules; Influence of unfair competition to the requirement of examination and application of the law of every state.

The article discusses liability for trots of military personnel in the U.S. The magnitude of the military and naval forces of the United States makes the question of redress for the torts of members of the services of current importance. The injured person 1 is presented with the problem of determining whether to seek recovery from the subordinate who directly inflicted the injury, the superior who commanded it, or the Government. He must decide whether the Government - not ordinarily liable--has waived its immunity, or whether the military person --presumably liable--is privileged by orders. Unhesitating obedience is one of the vital attributes of an efficient army, and disobedience is therefore severely punished.

Focuses on the influence of Justice Benjamin Nathan Cardozo in the development of the law of torts in the U.S. Position of Cardozo regarding the common law; Contribution of Cardozo to the field of negligence in the law of torts; Difficulties resulting from the common-law viewpoint of liability.

Discusses several cases in the U.S. Gold Hoarding Act; Undue preference in railroad rates; Provability of future rent claims in bankruptcy.

Discusses several legal cases in the U.S. Limitation of liability in suit in implied warranty of seaworthiness; Liability of stockholder on unpaid subscription after dissolution for fraud; Right of Minority bondholders to intervene in foreclosure suit to challenge the reorganization.

The article elaborates various cases that were presented before different courts in the U.S. The cases were discussed under following headings: abatement and revival--survival of actions--death of tort-feasor; automobiles--statute extending liability of owner--automobile driven with borrower's permission contrary to instructions of owner; bankruptcy--discharge--effect of failure to obtain discharge in prior proceeding; bankruptcy--property passing to trustee--right to partition of property held in common; bills and notes--defenses: absence or failure of consideration--not available against transferee without indorsement.