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Magnetic induction intensity is a crucial factor for determining the effect of electronic anti-fouling technology, while current is an important factor in determining the strength of magnetic induction intensity. The series resistance method is used in an electronic anti-fouling system in order to get the current value in the coil wrapped around the PVC pipe. The peak current in the circuit is obtained by measuring the voltage crossing series resistance, and the magnetic induction intensity in the midpoint of the solenoid coil is calculated by formula. Then a series of experiments are carried out to explore the change rule of current and magnetic induction intensity with respect to frequency, turns, and diameter. At the end of experiments, the results show that current in the coil decreases with the increase of frequency, number of turns, and pipe diameter. Magnetic induction intensity basically does not change with the increase of turns, and it decreases as the frequency and the diameter increase. Through the analysis of experimental data, the excellent processing parameter of the electronic anti-fouling technology is put forward, which provides guidance for the design and manufacture of the control unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid expansion of Solidago canadensis and climate warming in southeastern China may interactively affect soil net nitrogen (N) mineralization, which may lead to plant invasion. A greenhouse simulated experiment was conducted with invasion, warming, and their interaction to investigate these changes' effects on soil net N mineralization in an ecological system. Our results indicated that the average rate of net mineralization, nitrification, and ammonification decreased with invasion, warming, and their interaction. The enzyme activities and pH showed more sensitivity in warming than invasion, and have a similar decreased trend with net N mineralization response to environmental changes, except sucrase. At the same time, enzyme and pH may play a key role in the process of net N mineralization from Pearson's correlation and redundancy analysis, especially for sucrase and urease. In addition, the lower produced of litter biomass by plants growing in pots was also an important reason for the decrease of net N mineralization rate. These results indicated that the significant decrease in substrate quality (N availability) by the increase in invasion and warming may cause the deterioration of species production in soil, which will have important consequences for soil ecology, N-cycles, and plant invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solidago canadensis, considered one of the most destructive invasive species of the 21st century, has inflicted severe ecological damage globally. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms through which nitrogen deposition impacts the metabolism of soil microorganisms across various vegetation communities remain largely unexplored. Consequently, this study sought to elucidate patterns of change in microbial metabolic constraints and carbon use efficiency across six distinct vegetation communities, aiming to uncover the carbon cycling process within soil ecosystems. Our findings reveal that multi-vegetation communities exhibit greater resilience to the incursion of Solidago canadensis than their single-vegetation counterparts, demonstrating weaker microbial carbon constraints and higher carbon use efficiency. Furthermore, a positive correlation was determined between microbial carbon use efficiency and carbon constraints. Driven by soil nutrients, nitrogen deposition synergistically interacts with Solidago canadensis, thereby influencing soil microbial carbon use efficiency. Thus, our experiment provides an initial perspective on the variations in metabolic limitations and carbon use efficiency amongst soil microbes across different vegetation communities. Such insights hold potential implications for future research focused on the feedback and responses of carbon cycles within varied vegetation community ecosystems to invasions in the context of increasing nitrogen deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biochar obtained through the processes of pyrolysis has become carbon-rich eco-friendly aromatic material and can be used as sorbents and soil amendment for organic and inorganic contaminants. This study investigated biochar’s physical and chemical characteristics produced from commonly growing eight different aquatic plants. All biochars were obtained at 500 °C and characterized in detail to evaluate their appropriateness for agricultural and environmental utilization as well as applied to Cd-contaminated soil to assess the fixation of Cd to use as soil amendment. Herein, characteristics of biochars were described with multi analytical techniques, like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG), respectively. Among the biochars, there were considerable variations in elemental composition, micrmorphology and surface area. Overall results indicate that biochars obtained from aquatic plants could be useful as soil amendment as well as fertilizer due to their higher content of mineral elements, highly porous structure and presence of aromatic and hydroxy functional groups and adsorption capacity of cadmium which are dominating in all biochars. All biochars produced from aquatic plants are better way to set out waste biomass to avoid eutrophication and have remarkable properties for environmental and agricultural applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]