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Background: Bovine theileriosis is an important disease in Iran and throughout the world with economic losses in Iranian cattle husbandry. The aim of the current study was to determine prevalence and geographic distribution of Theileria annulata infection in cattle and ixodid ticks species diversity in Kurdistan Province, West of Iran. Methods: A total number of 193 blood samples were randomly taken from jugular vein. Ixodid ticks were also collected from body surface of examined cattle in three sub-areas of the region, i.e. north, center and south. The genomic DNA was extracted and PCR was performed to amplify a 721-bp-long fragment of the 30 Kilo Dalton major merozoite surface antigen of T. annulata. Results: The overall prevalence was 50.2% (97/193) with lymphadenopathy (54.4%) and petechia in mucosal membrane (95%) of cross-breed cattle (24.9%) aged

Background: Neosporosis is considered as a ubiquitous disease in Iran and other countries. This research was expected to determine the prevalence and related risk factors of Neospora caninum in household dogs in Hamadan Municipality, Iran. Methods: A total of 184 whole blood was evaluated for the presence of antibodies to N. caninum by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All seropositive animals were affirmed by molecular techniques. Results: Based on serology and molecular methods, N. caninum infection was detected in 4.9% (95% CI = 4.9 ± 3.1%) of animals. In addition, the highest infection rate was significantly recognized in female dogs (57.1%) with under 6 months old (54.4%). Additionally, the clinical signs of neosporosis were observed in 2 out of 4 positive dogs (P0.05) with breeding, food regime, housing, and direct contact with infected animals. Conclusions: In general, the serological and molecular outcomes were parallel together. It was concluded that this is a universal assessment of risk factors related to N. caninum in Iranian house dogs for the first time.