Search

Your search keyword '"north-atlantic oscillation"' showing total 12 results
Start Over Descriptor "north-atlantic oscillation" Publisher hal ccsd
12 results on '"north-atlantic oscillation"'

1. Fingerprint of climate change in precipitation aggressiveness across the central Mediterranean (Italian) area

Author

Nazzareno Diodato, Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist, Gianni Bellocchi, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), Stockholm University, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), and VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, Return period, trends, future, reconstruction, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Climate change, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Soil loss, homogeneity test, patterns, Precipitation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, extreme precipitation, variability, 15. Life on land, flood, 020801 environmental engineering, north-atlantic oscillation, Environmental sciences, monthly rainfall erosivity, 13. Climate action, Erosion, Period (geology), Medicine, Environmental science, Physical geography, Hydrology, Climate sciences
Abstract

Rainfall erosivity and its derivative, erosivity density (ED, i.e., the erosivity per unit of rain), is a main driver of considerable environmental damages and economic losses worldwide. This study is the first to investigate the interannual variability, and return periods, of both rainfall erosivity and ED over the Mediterranean for the period 1680–2019. By capturing the relationship between seasonal rainfall, its variability, and recorded hydrological extremes in documentary data consistent with a sample (1981–2015) of detailed Revised Universal Soil Loss Erosion-based data, we show a noticeable decreasing trend of rainfall erosivity since about 1838. However, the 30-year return period of ED values indicates a positive long-term trend, in tandem with the resurgence of very wet days (> 95th percentile) and the erosive activity of rains during the past two decades. A possible fingerprint of recent warming is the occurrence of prolonged wet spells in apparently more erratic and unexpected ways.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Geographical adaptation prevails over species-specific determinism in trees' vulnerability to climate change at Mediterranean rear-edge forests

Author

Emilia Gutiérrez, Christian Zang, Joerg Ewald, Alfredo Di Filippo, Giorgio Vacchiano, Elisabet Martínez-Sancho, Karl H Mellert, Laura Fernández-de-Uña, Tzvetan Zlatanov, Daniel Hornstein, Tom Levanič, Annette Menzel, Guillermo Gea-Izquierdo, Daniele Castagneri, Gianluca Piovesan, Isabel Dorado-Liñán, Isabel Cañellas, Matthias C. Jantsch, INIA-CIFOR, Technical University of Madrid, Tuscia University, University of Barcelona, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Universitad de Padua, University of Applied Sciences of Weihenstephan, SILVA (SILVA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-AgroParisTech, Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, Slovenian Forestry Institute, University of Milan, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Bavarian State Forest Authority (Project MARGINS), IGSSE_TUM (Water03-IDDEC), Comunidad de Madrid (Project BOSSANOVA) S2013/MAE-2760 Postdoctoral Junior Leader Fellowship Programme from 'la Caixa' Banking Foundation Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness AGL 2014-61175-JIN RyC-2014-15864 European Research Council 282250, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL), Laura Fernandez de Una, Giorgio Vacchiano, Christian Zang, Isabel Dorado Liñán, Emilia Gutierrez, Daniele Castagneri, Laura Fernández-de-Uña, Guillermo Gea-Izquierdo, Tzvetan Zlatanov, Elisabet Martínez-Sancho, Annette Menzel, Isabel Canellas, and Gianluca Piovesan

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], vulnerability, Biodiversity, tree growth, circulation atmosphérique, drought, SESSILE OAK, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, abies alba, General Environmental Science, climate change, rear-edge forests, tolerance indices, Global and Planetary Change, changement climatique, Ecology, biology, forêt méditerranéenne, NORWAY SPRUCE, NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION, Rear‐edge forests, Geography, épinette, SCALE ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION, FAGUS-SYLVATICA L, coniferous tree, WATER-USE EFFICIENCY, atmospheric circulation, Climate change, SPATIAL-PATTERNS, 010603 evolutionary biology, bassin méditerranéen, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, vulnérabilité, pin sylvestre, SCOTS PINE, global change, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, conifère, Scots pine, Species diversity, Global change, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Climate change, drought, 13. Climate action, SILVER FIR, GROWTH RESILIENCE
Abstract

Climate change may reduce forest growth and increase forest mortality, which is connected to high carbon costs through reductions in gross primary production and net ecosystem exchange. Yet, the spatiotemporal patterns of vulnerability to both short-term extreme events and gradual environmental changes are quite uncertain across the species' limits of tolerance to dryness. Such information is fundamental for defining ecologically relevant upper limits of species tolerance to drought and, hence, to predict the risk of increased forest mortality and shifts in species composition. We investigate here to what extent the impact of short- and long-term environmental changes determines vulnerability to climate change of three evergreen conifers (Scots pine, silver fir, Norway spruce) and two deciduous hardwoods (European beech, sessile oak) tree species at their southernmost limits of distribution in the Mediterranean Basin. Finally, we simulated future forest growth under RCP 2.6 and 8.5 emission scenarios using a multispecies generalized linear mixed model. Our analysis provides four key insights into the patterns of species' vulnerability to climate change. First, site climatic marginality was significantly linked to the growth trends: increasing growth was related to less climatically limited sites. Second, estimated species-specific vulnerability did not match their a priori rank in drought tolerance: Scots pine and beech seem to be the most vulnerable species among those studied despite their contrasting physiologies. Third, adaptation to site conditions prevails over species-specific determinism in forest response to climate change. And fourth, regional differences in forests vulnerability to climate change across the Mediterranean Basin are linked to the influence of summer atmospheric circulation patterns, which are not correctly represented in global climate models. Thus, projections of forest performance should reconsider the traditional classification of tree species in functional types and critically evaluate the fine-scale limitations of the climate data generated by global climate models.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Arctic hydroclimate variability during the last 2000 years: current understanding and research challenges

Author

Linderholm , Hans, Nicolle , Marie, Francus , Pierre, Gajewski , Konrad, Helama , Samuli, Korhola , Atte, Solomina , Olga, Yu , Zicheng, Zhang , Peng, D'Andrea , William, Debret , Maxime, Divine , Dmitry, Gunnarson , Björn, Loader , Neil, Massei , Nicolas, Seftigen , Kristina, Thomas , Elizabeth, Werner , Johannes, Andersson , Sofia, Berntsson , Annika, Luoto , Tomi, Nevalainen , Liisa, Saarni , Saija, Väliranta , Minna, University of Gothenburg (GU), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement [Québec] (INRS - ETE), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Université d'Ottawa [Ontario] (uOttawa), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), University of Helsinki, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Lehigh University [Bethlehem], Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Polar Institute, Stockholm University, Swansea University, Regional Climate Group, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] (CAPS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Jacobs University [Bremen], Department of Physical Geography [Stockholm], Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], University of Turku, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg ( GU ), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques ( CRPG ), Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Eau Terre Environnement - INRS ( INRS-ETE ), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] ( INRS ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, University of Helsinki [Helsinki], School of Computer Science, McGill University, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne ( EDYTEM ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Geography, Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière ( M2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] ( CAPS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Debret, Maxime, and Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki

Subjects
1171 Geosciences, RING CELLULOSE DELTA-O-18, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450::Hydrogeology: 467, CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION, [SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, TREE-RINGS, GREENLAND ICE-SHEET, MASS-BALANCE, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, PEAT BOG GROWTH, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, HOLOCENE CLIMATE-CHANGE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 1172 Environmental sciences, TESTATE AMEBAS ANALYSIS, SOUTHWEST YUKON-TERRITORY, LAKE SEDIMENT, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Hydrogeologi: 467, [ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION, RECORD, LAKE SEDIMENT RECORD, HOLOCENE CLIMATE VARIABILITY, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Earth and Environmental Sciences, GLACIER, [SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, TREE-RING CELLULOSE, STABLE CARBON ISOTOPES, [ SDU.STU.CL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [ SDU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics], GLACIER MASS-BALANCE
Abstract

Source at https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-473-2018. Reanalysis data show an increasing trend in Arctic precipitation over the 20th century, but changes are not homogenous across seasons or space. The observed hydroclimate changes are expected to continue and possibly accelerate in the coming century, not only affecting pan-Arctic natural ecosystems and human activities, but also lower latitudes through the atmospheric and ocean circulations. However, a lack of spatiotemporal observational data makes reliable quantification of Arctic hydroclimate change difficult, especially in a long-term context. To understand Arctic hydroclimate and its variability prior to the instrumental record, climate proxy records are needed. The purpose of this review is to summarise the current understanding of Arctic hydroclimate during the past 2000 years. First, the paper reviews the main natural archives and proxies used to infer past hydroclimate variations in this remote region and outlines the difficulty of disentangling the moisture from the temperature signal in these records. Second, a comparison of two sets of hydroclimate records covering the Common Era from two data-rich regions, North America and Fennoscandia, reveals inter- and intra-regional differences. Third, building on earlier work, this paper shows the potential for providing a high-resolution hydroclimate reconstruction for the Arctic and a comparison with last-millennium simulations from fully coupled climate models. In general, hydroclimate proxies and simulations indicate that the Medieval Climate Anomaly tends to have been wetter than the Little Ice Age (LIA), but there are large regional differences. However, the regional coverage of the proxy data is inadequate, with distinct data gaps in most of Eurasia and parts of North America, making robust assessments for the whole Arctic impossible at present. To fully assess pan-Arctic hydroclimate variability for the last 2 millennia, additional proxy records are required.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Was the Cold European Winter of 2009/10 Modified by Anthropogenic Climate Change? An Attribution Study

Author

Laura Wilcox, Nils Hempelmann, Rene Orth, Robert Vautard, Katharina Klehmet, Geert Jan van Oldenborgh, Cathy Nangini, Jonathan Eden, Carmen Alvarez-Castro, Nikolaos Christidis, Pascal Yiou, Fraser C. Lott, Mathias Hauser, Tim Cowan, Ioana Colfescu, Andrew Ciavarella, Bo Christiansen, Simon F. B. Tett, Peter A. Stott, Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], University of Leeds, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, ARCTIC SEA-ICE, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, CIRCULATION, Climate change, TIME-SERIES, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Surrogate data, REANALYSIS, EXTREME EVENTS, MIDLATITUDE WEATHER, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Precipitation, TEMPERATURE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global warming, NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION, 13. Climate action, Skewness, North Atlantic oscillation, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, PRECIPITATION, Environmental science, Climate model, SURROGATE DATA, Quantile
Abstract

International audience; An attribution study has been performed to investigate the degree to which the unusually cold European winter of 2009/10 was modified by anthropogenic climate change. Two different methods have been included for the attribution: one based on large HadGEM3-A ensembles and one based on a statistical surrogate method. Both methods are evaluated by comparing simulated winter temperature means, trends, standard deviations, skewness, return periods, and 5% quantiles with observations. While the surrogate method performs well, HadGEM3-A in general underestimates the trend in winter by a factor of ⅔. It has a mean cold bias dominated by the mountainous regions and also underestimates the cold 5% quantile in many regions of Europe. Both methods show that the probability of experiencing a winter as cold as 2009/10 has been reduced by approximately a factor of 2 because of anthropogenic changes. The method based on HadGEM3-A ensembles gives somewhat larger changes than the surrogate method because of differences in the definition of the unperturbed climate. The results are based on two diagnostics: the coldest day in winter and the largest continuous area with temperatures colder than twice the local standard deviation. The results are not sensitive to the choice of bias correction except in the mountainous regions. Previous results regarding the behavior of the measures of the changed probability have been extended. The counterintuitive behavior for heavy-tailed distributions is found to hold for a range of measures and for events that become more rare in a changed climate

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Labrador current variability over the last 2000 years

Author

Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Ioanna Bouloubassi, Myriam Khodri, Sabine Schmidt, Jesper V. Olsen, Juliette Mignot, Antoon Kuijpers, Marion Benetti, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Ullah Ezat, Guillaume Massé, Kaarina Weckström, Biogéochimie-Traceurs-Paléoclimat (BTP), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Processus de la variabilité climatique tropicale et impacts (PARVATI), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Takuvik Joint ULaval/CNRS Laboratory, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laval University [Québec]

Subjects
Alkenone, ALKENONES, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Labrador Sea, DIATOM EVIDENCE, WEST GREENLAND, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, CLIMATE VARIABILITY, MILLENNIUM, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 14. Life underwater, temperature proxy, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, ocean variability, SEA, Anomaly (natural sciences), Global warming, North Atlantic Deep Water, LATE-HOLOCENE, NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION, RECORD, Northern Annular Mode, Newfoundland, Gulf Stream, Current (stream), Geophysics, Oceanography, Arctic oscillation, last millennia, PAST 1500 YEARS, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, Period (geology), Geology
Abstract

The ice-loaded Labrador Current (LC) is an important component of the western North Atlantic circulation that influences the position and strength of the northern limb of the North Atlantic Current (NAC). This flow of cold and fresh Polar Waters originating from the Arctic has a marked impact on the North Atlantic climate, yet little is known about its variability beyond the instrumental period. In this study, we present the first sub-decadal alkenone-based 2000-year long sea-surface temperature (SST) records from the western Labrador Sea, a climatically crucial region at the boundary between the LC and the NAC. Our results show a clear link between the LC strength and the Northern Annular Mode (NAM), with a stronger NAM and a more vigorous LC during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA). This suggests enhanced LC activity upon future global warming with implications for the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Morphodynamic modelling of a wave-dominated tidal inlet : the Albufeira lagoon

Author

Dodet, Guillaume, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle, André Fortunato, and Xavier Bertin

Subjects
Modèle régional de vagues, Analyse de données, Regional wave modelling, Data analysis, Morphodynamic modelling, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Wave-current interactions, Marge ouest-ibérique, Ephemeral inlet dynamics, North-Atlantic Oscillation, Oscillation Nord-Atlantique, Variabilité du climat de vagues, Dynamique des embouchures tidales éphémères, Modélisation morphodynamique, Western Iberia Margin, Wave climate variability, Interactions vague-courant
Abstract

Wave-dominated tidal inlets are very dynamic coastal systems, whose morphology is continuously shaped by the combined action of the waves and the tides. The rapid morphological changes they experience impact directly their ecological and socio-economic environments. In order to implement adequate regulations for the sustainable management of tidal inlets, systematic environmental studies are necessary. The main objective of this PhD research work is to gain a better understanding of the physical processes that control the morphological evolutions of an ephemeral tidal inlet in Portugal - the Albufeira Lagoon inlet - based on the analysis of hydrodynamic and topographic data and on the results of a newly developed morphodynamic modelling system. The processes that impact the dynamics of the inlet at short time-scales, particularly those related to wave-current interactions, are investigated through the application of the modelling system to the inlet. The seasonal modulations of the wave climate and mean sea level strongly affect the sediment dynamics of the inlet and contribute to the natural closure of the inlet during the winter period. Long-term processes are also investigated based on a 65-year hindcast of mean wave parameters at regional and local scales. The large inter-annual variability of the wave climate and the associated longshore sediment transport – both correlated to the North-Atlantic Oscillation – are proposed to explain the differences in the morphological behaviour of the inlet-lagoon system at pluri-annual time-scales.; Les embouchures tidales dominées par la houle sont des systèmes côtiers particulièrement dynamiques dont la morphologie est continuellement remodelée par l’action des vagues et de la marée. Les rapides évolutions morphologiques auxquelles elles sont sujettes impactent directement leurs environnements écologiques et socio-économiques. Afin de mettre en œuvre des réglementations adaptées à la gestion durable des embouchures tidales, des études environnementales systématiques sont nécessaires. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre les processus physiques qui contrôlent les évolutions morphologiques d’une embouchure tidale éphémère au Portugal - l’embouchure de la lagune d’Albufeira – à partir de l’analyse de mesures hydrodynamiques et topographiques et de résultats d’un système de modélisation morphodynamique récemment développé. Les processus qui influent sur la dynamique de l’embouchure tidale à court terme, notamment ceux liés aux interactions vague-courant, ont été étudiés à travers l’application du système de modélisation à l’embouchure. Les modulations saisonnières du climat de vagues et du niveau moyen de la mer affectent fortement la dynamique sédimentaire de l’embouchure et contribuent au comblement naturel de l’embouchure pendant l’hiver. Les processus à long terme ont également été étudiés à partir de simulations rétrospectives de paramètres moyens de vagues pour des échelles régionales et locales sur une période 65 ans. Les fortes variabilités interannuelles du climat de vagues et de la dérive littorale qui lui est associée pourraient expliquer les différences d’évolutions morphologiques du système embouchure-lagune sur des échelles de temps pluri–annuels.

Published
2013

7. Dramatic changes in a phytoplankton community in response to local and global pressures: a 24-year survey of the river Loire (France)

Author

S. Larroudé, P. Reyes-Marchant, C. Delattre, Jean-François Humbert, Nicolas Massei, Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Asconit Consultants, EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Electricite de France (EDF), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, phosphorus decrease, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, phytoplankton community, 01 natural sciences, cyanobacteria, LARGE EUTROPHIC RIVER, Abundance (ecology), Biomass, Temporal scales, skin and connective tissue diseases, General Environmental Science, Trophic level, Global and Planetary Change, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, Local scale, Phosphorus, NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION, TOXIC CYANOBACTERIUM, Biota, 6. Clean water, Oceanography, LAKE PHYTOPLANKTON, France, Seasons, Climate Change, Climate change, HARMFUL CYANOBACTERIA, BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE, MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA, herbicides, Rivers, Phytoplankton, Environmental Chemistry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Discharge, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, MIDDLE LOIRE, FRESH-WATER CYANOBACTERIA, 13. Climate action, NAO, Environmental science, Species richness, sense organs, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, large river
Abstract

International audience; The impact of climate change and of other anthropogenic pressures on the structure and composition of phytoplankton communities of large European rivers remains poorly documented. Here we report the findings of a study of the changes in the phytoplankton community of the middle segment of the river Loire over the past 24 years. An attempt is made to distinguish between the impact of changes acting at the local scale and that of those acting more globally. A dramatic reduction in phytoplankton abundance was observed, particularly in the mid -1990s; this was concomitant with an increase in the relative proportion of cyanobacteria. At the same time, the phytoplankton community displayed increasing richness and diversity, and little change in its size structure. All these changes seem to be related to local changes, in particular to the reduction in phosphorus concentrations, as well as to changes in climate, throughout modifications in the river discharge and water temperature. Interestingly, herbicide contamination also appeared to be of particular importance in explaining the unexpected increase in the proportion of cyanobacteria in the phytoplankton community after the 1990s. These findings suggest that combinations of numerous anthropogenic pressures acting at different spatial and temporal scales have led to a mix of predictable and unpredictable changes occurring in the phytoplankton community of the river Loire, with probable consequences for the trophic networks in this river.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Pre-industrial to end 21st century projections of tropospheric ozone from the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP)

Author

Sophie Szopa, Simone Tilmes, David Stevenson, Drew Shindell, William J. Collins, Vaishali Naik, Paul Young, Sarah A. Strode, Apostolos Voulgarakis, Dan Bergmann, David A. Plummer, Philip Cameron-Smith, Béatrice Josse, Kengo Sudo, Ian A. MacKenzie, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Kevin W. Bowman, Ruth M. Doherty, Y. H. Lee, Irene Cionni, Mattia Righi, Gregory Faluvegi, S. T. Rumbold, T. Nagashima, Larry W. Horowitz, Veronika Eyring, Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie, S. B. Dalsøren, Guang Zeng, Oliver Wild, Alexander T. Archibald, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
model evaluation, Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, MULTIMODEL ASSESSMENT, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ozone layer, METHANE EMISSION CONTROLS, Tropospheric ozone, TROPOPAUSE HEIGHT, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, GLOBAL LIGHTNING DISTRIBUTIONS, Stratosphere, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, STRATOSPHERIC OZONE, modeling, NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION, FUTURE CHANGES, Representative Concentration Pathways, chemistry-climate, lcsh:QC1-999, ozone, AIR-POLLUTION TRANSPORT, climate change, lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Atmospheric chemistry, SURFACE OZONE, Environmental science, Dynamik der Atmosphäre, ISOPRENE EMISSIONS, Climate model, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

Present day tropospheric ozone and its changes between 1850 and 2100 are considered, analysing 15 global models that participated in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP). The ensemble mean compares well against present day observations. The seasonal cycle correlates well, except for some locations in the tropical upper troposphere. Most (75 %) of the models are encompassed with a range of global mean tropospheric ozone column estimates from satellite data, but there is a suggestion of a high bias in the Northern Hemisphere and a low bias in the Southern Hemisphere, which could indicate deficiencies with the ozone precursor emissions. Compared to the present day ensemble mean tropospheric ozone burden of 337 ± 23 Tg, the ensemble mean burden for 1850 time slice is ~30% lower. Future changes were modelled using emissions and climate projections from four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). Compared to 2000, the relative changes in the ensemble mean tropospheric ozone burden in 2030 (2100) for the different RCPs are: −4% (−16%) for RCP2.6, 2% (−7%) for RCP4.5, 1% (−9%) for RCP6.0, and 7% (18%) for RCP8.5. Model agreement on the magnitude of the change is greatest for larger changes. Reductions in most precursor emissions are common across the RCPs and drive ozone decreases in all but RCP8.5, where doubled methane and a 40–150% greater stratospheric influx (estimated from a subset of models) increase ozone. While models with a high ozone burden for the present day also have high ozone burdens for the other time slices, no model consistently predicts large or small ozone changes; i.e. the magnitudes of the burdens and burden changes do not appear to be related simply, and the models are sensitive to emissions and climate changes in different ways. Spatial patterns of ozone changes are well correlated across most models, but are notably different for models without time evolving stratospheric ozone concentrations. A unified approach to ozone budget specifications and a rigorous investigation of the factors that drive tropospheric ozone is recommended to help future studies attribute ozone changes and inter-model differences more clearly.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. The medieval climate anomaly in Europe: Comparison of the summer and annual mean signals in two reconstructions and in simulations with data assimilation

Author

Hugues Goosse, Y. Sallaz-Damaz, Svetlana Dubinkina, Michael E. Mann, Joel Guiot, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
seasonal climate signal, LAST MILLENNIUM, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric circulation, atmospheric circulation, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, INTERMEDIATE COMPLEXITY, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, SURFACE-TEMPERATURE, Mediterranean sea, Paleoclimatology, Physical, LATE HOLOCENE, data assimilation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, LAND-COVER CHANGE, Multidisciplinary, Geography, Anomaly (natural sciences), FENNOSCANDIAN SUMMERS, Westerlies, NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION, Geology, Europe, TEMPERATURE-VARIATIONS, CIRCULATION VARIABILITY, Physical Geography, 13. Climate action, North Atlantic oscillation, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, Common spatial pattern, Climate model, 0921-8181, CARBON-CYCLE, Geosciences
Abstract

The spatial pattern and potential dynamical origin of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA, around 1000 AD) in Europe are assessed with two recent reconstructions and simulations constrained to follow those reconstructions by means of paleoclimate data assimilation. The simulations employ a climate model of intermediate complexity (LOVECLIM). The data assimilation technique is based on a particle filter using an ensemble of 96 simulations. The peak winter (and annual mean) warming during the MCA, in our analyses, is found to be strongest at high latitudes, associated with strengthened mid-latitude westerlies. Summer warmth, by contrast, is found to be greatest in southern Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, associated with reduced westerlies and strengthened southerly winds off North Africa. The results of our analysis thus underscore the complexity of the spatial and seasonal structure of the MCA in Europe. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Effects of temperature and food supply on the growth of whitefish Coregonus lavaretus larvae in an oligotrophic peri-alpine lake

Author

Orlane Anneville, Juan Carlos Molinero, Charles Perrier, Daniel Gerdeaux, Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), and Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, zooplankton, RECRUITMENT, Food Chain, EUROPE, LONG-TERM, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], microstructure, CONSTANCE, Aquatic Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Population density, Zooplankton, Competition (biology), Predation, Copepoda, Food chain, food, ANNECY, Coregonus lavaretus, otolith, CLIMATE VARIABILITY, medicine, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, Otolith, Population Density, food.dish, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, MORTALITY, fungi, VENDACE, Temperature, daily growth, NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION, Lakes, medicine.anatomical_structure, Coregonidae, GENEVA, Seasons, Fisheries management, Salmonidae
Abstract

International audience; The relative roles of temperature and food availability on the seasonal and daily growth of whitefish Coregonus lavaretus larvae were investigated in the oligotrophic peri-alpine Lake Annecy, France. During the spring from 2004 to 2007, surface water temperature and density of potential zooplankton prey were monitored, and 2688 larvae were caught and measured. In addition, the daily growth of 130 larvae was estimated retrospectively by investigating the microstructure of their otoliths. Temperature played the predominant role in controlling both seasonal and daily growth of early larvae. In contrast, the abundance of Mesocyclops leuckarti and larval density was only slightly correlated to larval growth, suggesting no food limitation nor strong interindividual competition over the study period. Overall, these findings run counter to concerns about potential food limitation, but sound a warning about the potential impact of climate change on fish ecology and fisheries management.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. North-Atlantic Oscillation and regional-scale sea-surge variability in Gulf of Lions during the 20th century

Author

Ullmann, Albin, Moron, Vincent, Centre de Recherches de Climatologie (CRC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), Earth Institute at Columbia University, Columbia University [New York]-Columbia University [New York], Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ullmann, Albin, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherches de Climatologie ( CRC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), International Research Institute for Climate and Society ( IRI ), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS )

Subjects
[ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, North-Atlantic Oscillation, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, wind conditions, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, multi-decadal variations, Mediterranean Sea, [ SDU.STU.CL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, sea surge
Abstract

Article soumis; International audience; Sea-surge variations recorded at three tide-gauge stations (Grau-de-la-Dent, Sète, and Port-Vendres) around the Gulf of Lions (Northwest Mediterranean Sea) are mostly locally forced by onshore winds blowing from 90° to 180° related to an atmospheric depression usually centered between the Bay of Biscay and the British Island, which is more prevalent during the negative phase of the North-Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). During the second half of the 20th century, the long-term increase of sea-surge height at Grau-de-la-Dent finds no counterpart in the positive deviation of the NAO. The relationship between the monthly frequency of sea surges > 20 cm at Grau-de-la-Dent and the monthly mean NAO Index significantly strengthens from 1975. This is synchronous with the eastward shift of the two main centers of the NAO (i.e. Iceland low and Azores high) and an increase of the occurrence of depressions near the Bay of Biscay and of surge-related onshore winds in the Gulf of Lions during negative phases of the NAO.

Published
2010

12. Key features of the IPSL ocean atmosphere model and its sensitivity to atmospheric resolution

Author

Hugues Goosse, Francis Codron, Didier Swingedouw, Abderrahmane Idelkadi, Frédéric Hourdin, Juliette Mignot, Jean-Louis Dufresne, Gurvan Madec, Patricia Cadule, Sébastien Denvil, Pascale Braconnot, Olivier Marti, Arnaud Caubel, Eric Guilyardi, Nathalie de Noblet, Patrick Brockmann, Masa Kageyama, Thierry Fichefet, Sandrine Bony, Laurent Fairhead, Rachid Benshila, Marie-Alice Foujols, Gerhard Krinner, Jean-Yves Grandpeix, Claude Talandier, Ionela Musat, Jacques Bellier, Pierre Friedlingstein, Claire Levy, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Institut d'Astronomie et de Géophysique Georges Lemaître (UCL-ASTR), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), CLIPS, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS), CERFACS, Contribution to the European project ENSEMBLES (Project no. GOCE-CT-2003-505539) and to the French project MissTerre (LEFE-EVE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Calcul Scientifique (CALCULS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Simulations, Ocean, Atmospheric Science, North-Atlantic oscillation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate, Storm-tracks, Atmospheric model, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, Coupling, Paleoclimatology, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, El NinoSouthern oscillation, Image resolution, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Oscillation, El Niño/Southern oscillation, Coupling (physics), Circulation, 13. Climate action, North Atlantic oscillation, Climatology, Environmental science, Climate model, Resolution
Abstract

International audience; This paper presents the major characteristics of the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. The model components and the coupling methodology are described, as well as the main characteristics of the climatology and interannual variability. The model results of the standard version used for IPCC climate projections, and for intercomparison projects like the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP 2) are compared to those with a higher resolution in the atmosphere. A focus on the North Atlantic and on the tropics is used to address the impact of the atmosphere resolution on processes and feedbacks. In the North Atlantic, the resolution change leads to an improved representation of the storm-tracks and the North Atlantic oscillation. The better representation of the wind structure increases the northward salt transports, the deep-water formation and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. In the tropics, the ocean-atmosphere dynamical coupling, or Bjerknes feedback, improves with the resolution. The amplitude of ENSO (El Niño-Southern oscillation) consequently increases, as the damping processes are left unchanged.

Published
2010
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results