1. From shareholder value to CEO power: The paradox of the 1990s
- Author
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Robert Boyer, Bauer, Caroline, Paris-Jourdan Sciences Economiques (PJSE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Managers'control and remuneration,stock-options,history of quoted corporations,optimal contract theory,economic and political power of managers,Internet bubble,contrôle et rémunération des gestionnaires,histoire des entreprises,théorie des contrats optimaux,pouvoir économique et politique des entreprises,bulle Internet ,optimal contract theory ,théorie des contrats optimaux ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Internet bubble ,history of quoted corporations ,Market economy ,Shareholder ,JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance/G.G3.G34 - Mergers • Acquisitions • Restructuring • Corporate Governance ,0502 economics and business ,Opportunism ,050602 political science & public administration ,Economics ,Remuneration ,contrôle et rémunération des gestionnaires ,050207 economics ,[SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,media_common ,stock-options ,Corporate governance ,05 social sciences ,pouvoir économique et politique des entreprises ,JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D2 - Production and Organizations/D.D2.D23 - Organizational Behavior • Transaction Costs • Property Rights ,histoire des entreprises ,JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance/G.G3.G32 - Financing Policy • Financial Risk and Risk Management • Capital and Ownership Structure • Value of Firms • Goodwill ,[SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance ,General Business, Management and Accounting ,Shareholder value ,0506 political science ,Managers'control and remuneration ,economic and political power of managers ,Bargaining power ,Incentive ,bulle Internet ,JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D2 - Production and Organizations/D.D2.D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory ,8. Economic growth ,Reputation - Abstract
Why did CEOs remuneration exploded during the 90s and persisted to high levels, even after the bursting out of the Internet bubble? This article surveys the alternative explanations that have been given of this paradox mainly by various economic theories with some extension to political science, business administration, social psychology, moral philosophy, network analysis. Basically, it is argued that the diffusion of stock-options and financial market related incentives, that were supposed to discipline managers, have entitled them to convert their intrinsic power into remuneration and wealth, both at the micro and macro levels. This is the outcome of a de facto alliance of executives with financiers, who have thus exploited the long run erosion of wage earners'bargaining power. The article also discusses the possible reforms that could reduce the probability and the adverse consequences of CEOs and top-managers opportunism: reputation, business ethic, legal sanctions, public auditing of companies, or shift from a shareholder to a stakeholder conception., Quelles sont les raisons de l'explosion, au cours des années quatre-vingt-dix, de la rémunération des hauts dirigeants des entreprises cotées en bourse et de la persistance de niveaux élevés de leur rémunération, même après l'éclatement de la bulle Internet ? L'article passe en revue différentes théories économiques et étend l'analyse aux recherches en science politique, en gestion, en psychologie sociale ou encore en philosophie morale. Il entend montrer que la diffusion des stock-options, qui étaient supposés aligner l'intérêt des gestionnaires avec celui des actionnaires, leur a en fait permis de convertir leur pouvoir en des augmentations de rémunération et de richesse. De fait, c'est le résultat de l'alliance, plus implicite qu'explicite, des hauts dirigeants avec les financiers, exploitant ainsi l'érosion du pouvoir de négociation des salariés.
- Published
- 2005
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