1. Derivation of dielectric function and inelastic mean free path from photoelectron energy-loss spectra of amorphous carbon surfaces
- Author
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Christian Godet, D. David, Instituto de Física da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), One of us (C.G.) is grateful to CNPq agency for a visiting researcher grant (PVE 400691/2012-4) in the Ciência Sem Fronteiras programme. One of us (D.D.) is grateful to CAPES agency (Brazil) for a senior researcher grant and University of Rennes 1 for an invited professor position., and Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Free electron model ,Plasmons ,Materials science ,Plasmon excitations ,X ray photoelectron spectroscopy ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Electrons ,02 engineering and technology ,Dielectric functions ,Plasma oscillation ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ,X ray photoelectron spectra ,0103 physical sciences ,Near-surface materials ,Chemical analysis ,Surface plasmon excitation ,Plasmon ,010302 applied physics ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Photons ,Surface excitation parameters ,Plasma oscillations ,Electron energy loss spectroscopy ,Energy dissipation ,Surface plasmon ,Amorphous carbon ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,General Chemistry ,Inelastic mean free path ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Surface plasmon polariton ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Photoelectron spectroscopy ,Electronic properties ,Atomic physics ,0210 nano-technology ,Amorphous films ,Carbon films ,Photoelectrons ,Dielectric response theory ,Electric excitation - Abstract
International audience; Photoelectron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (PEELS) is a highly valuable non destructive tool in applied surface science because it gives access to both chemical composition and electronic properties of surfaces, including the near-surface dielectric function. An algorithm is proposed for real materials to make full use of experimental X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). To illustrate the capabilities and limitations of this algorithm, the near-surface dielectric function ε(ℏω) of a wide range of amorphous carbon (a-C) thin films is derived from energy losses measured in XPS, using a dielectric response theory which relates ε(ℏω) and the bulk plasmon (BP) loss distribution. Self-consistent separation of bulk vs surface plasmon excitations, deconvolution of multiple BP losses and evaluation of Bethe-Born sensitivity factors for bulk and surface loss distributions are crucial to obtain several material parameters: (1) energy loss function for BP excitation, (2) dielectric function of the near-surface material (3–5 nm depth sensitivity), (3) inelastic mean free path, λP (E0), for plasmon excitation, (4) surface excitation parameter, (5) effective number NEFF of valence electrons participating in the plasma oscillation. This photoelectron energy loss spectra analysis has been applied to a-C and a-C:H films grown by physical and chemical methods with a wide range of (sp3/sp2 + sp3) hybridization, optical gap and average plasmon energy values. Different methods are assessed to accurately remove the photoemission peak tail at low loss energy (0–10 eV) due to many-body interactions during the photo-ionization process. The σ + π plasmon excitation represents the main energy-loss channel in a-C; as the C atom density decreases, λP (970 eV) increases from 1.22 nm to 1.6 nm, assuming a cutoff plasmon wavenumber given by a free electron model. The π-π* and σ-σ* transitions observed in the retrieved dielectric function are discussed as a function of the average (sp3/sp2 + sp3) C hybridization and compared with literature results.
- Published
- 2016
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