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1. Effectiveness of complete primary vaccination against COVID-19 at primary care and community level during predominant Delta circulation in Europe: multicentre analysis, I-MOVE-COVID-19 and ECDC networks, July to August 2021

Author

Kissling, Esther, Hooiveld, Mariëtte, Martínez-Baz, Iván, Mazagatos, Clara, William, Naoma, Vilcu, Ana-Maria, Kooijman, Marjolein N, Ilić, Maja, Domegan, Lisa, Machado, Ausenda, de Lusignan, Simon, Lazar, Mihaela, Meijer, Adam, Brytting, Mia, Casado, Itziar, Larrauri, Amparo, Murray, Josephine-L K, Behillil, Sylvie, de Gier, Brechje, Mlinarić, Ivan, O'Donnell, Joan, Rodrigues, Ana Paula, Tsang, Ruby, Timnea, Olivia, de Lange, Marit, Riess, Maximilian, Castilla, Jesús, Pozo Sanchez, Francisco, Hamilton, Mark, Falchi, Alessandra, Knol, Mirjam J, Kurečić Filipović, Sanja, Dunford, Linda, Guiomar, Raquel, Cogdale, Jade, Cherciu, Carmen, Jansen, Tessa, Enkirch, Theresa, Basile, Luca, Connell, Jeff, Gomez, Verónica, Sandonis-Martin, Virginia, Bacci, Sabrina, Rose, Angela Mc, Pastore Celentano, Lucia, Valenciano, Marta, I-MOVE-COVID-19, ECDC primary care study teams, Conde-San Román, Patricia, Casas Flecha, Inmaculada, Oliva Dominguez, Jesus Angel, Delgado-Sanz, Concepcion, EpiConcept [Paris], Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research [Utrecht] (NIVEL), Navarra Institute for Health Research / Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA)-Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona] (UNAV)-Clínica Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona], CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Public Health Scotland [Glasgow], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Croatian Institute of Public Health [Zagreb] (CIPH), Health Service Executive [Dublin] (HSE), Instituto Nacional de Saùde Dr Ricardo Jorge [Portugal] (INSA), University of Oxford, Cantacuzino Institute [Romania], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Public Health Agency of Sweden, Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Biologie des ARN et virus influenza - RNA Biology of Influenza Virus (CNRS-UMR3569), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), UK Health Security Agency [London] (UKHSA), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control [Stockholm, Sweden] (ECDC), I-MOVE-COVID-19 and ECDC primary care study team Katica Čusek Adamić, Ivana Ferenčak, Bernard Kaić, Mirjana Lana Kosanović Ličina, Danijela Lakošeljac, Ivana Mihin Huskić, Diana Nonković, Nick Andrews, Jamie Lopez Bernal, Joanna Ellis, Heather Whitaker, Thierry Blanchon, Caroline Guerrisi, Titouan Launay, Shirley Masse, Sylvie van der Werf, Vincent Enouf, John Cuddihy, Lois O'Connor, Adele McKenna, Michael Joyce, Cillian de Gascun, Joanne Moran, Rianne van Gageldonk-Lafeber, Susan J Hahné, Hester E de Melker, Ewout B Fanoy, Stijn Raven, Marit Middeldorp, Irina Kislaya, Baltazar Nunes, Rita Roquete, Adriana Silva, Aryse Melo, Inês Costa, Nuno Verdasca, Patrícia Conde, Amélia Soeiro, Maria Elena Mihai, Iulia Bistriceanu, Alina Ivanciuc, Diana Dintoi, Catalina Pascu, Adrian Jidovu, Debbie Sigerson, Diogo Fp Marques, Anna Molesworth, Leanne Quinn, Miranda Leyton, Selin Campbell, Janine Thoulass, Jim McMenamin, Inmaculada Casas Flecha, Ana Martínez Mateo, Daniel Castrillejo, Eva María Martínez Ochoa, Carmen Quiñones Rubio, Concepción Delgado-Sanz, Jesús Oliva, Ana Miqueleiz, Ana Navascués, Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín, Carmen Ezpeleta, Paula López Moreno, Javier Gorricho, Eva Ardanaz, Fernando Baigorria, Aurelio Barricarte, Cristina Burgui, Enrique de la Cruz, Nerea Egüés, Manuel García Cenoz, Marcela Guevara, Conchi Moreno-Iribas, Carmen Sayón, Pasi Penttinen, Christiana Carstairs, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. H2020, and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control

Subjects
Test-negative design, RM, Delta variant, COVID-19 Vaccines, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Multicentre study, Influenza, Human/prevention & control, MESH: Primary Health Care, Europe/epidemiology, MESH: Influenza Vaccines, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, RA0421, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Virology, Influenza, Human, Humans, MESH: COVID-19, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19/epidemiology, Vaccine effectiveness, QR355, MESH: Humans, Primary Health Care, vaccine effectiveness, SARS-CoV-2, MESH: Influenza, Human, Vaccination, test-negative design, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, 3rd-DAS, MESH: Vaccination, NIS, multicentre study, RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Europe, Influenza Vaccines, MESH: COVID-19 Vaccines, SARS-COV-2, vaccine efffectiveness, MESH: Europe, QR355 Virology
Abstract

Introduction In July and August 2021, the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant dominated in Europe. Aim Using a multicentre test-negative study, we measured COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against symptomatic infection. Methods Individuals with COVID-19 or acute respiratory symptoms at primary care/community level in 10 European countries were tested for SARS-CoV-2. We measured complete primary course overall VE by vaccine brand and by time since vaccination. Results Overall VE was 74% (95% CI: 69–79), 76% (95% CI: 71–80), 63% (95% CI: 48–75) and 63% (95% CI: 16–83) among those aged 30–44, 45–59, 60–74 and ≥ 75 years, respectively. VE among those aged 30–59 years was 78% (95% CI: 75–81), 66% (95% CI: 58–73), 91% (95% CI: 87–94) and 52% (95% CI: 40–61), for Comirnaty, Vaxzevria, Spikevax and COVID-19 Vaccine Janssen, respectively. VE among people 60 years and older was 67% (95% CI: 52–77), 65% (95% CI: 48–76) and 83% (95% CI: 64–92) for Comirnaty, Vaxzevria and Spikevax, respectively. Comirnaty VE among those aged 30–59 years was 87% (95% CI: 83–89) at 14–29 days and 65% (95% CI: 56–71%) at ≥ 90 days between vaccination and onset of symptoms. Conclusions VE against symptomatic infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant varied among brands, ranging from 52% to 91%. While some waning of the vaccine effect may be present (sample size limited this analysis to only Comirnaty), protection was 65% at 90 days or more between vaccination and onset.

Published
2022
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2. Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccine against Influenza A in Europe in Seasons of Different A(H1N1)Pdm09 and the Same A(H3N2) Vaccine Components (2016\textendash 17 and 2017\textendash 18)

Author

Kissling, Esther, Pozo, Francisco, Buda, Silke, Vilcu, Ana-Maria, Rizzo, Caterina, Gherasim, Alin, Horváth, Judit Krisztina, Brytting, Mia, Domegan, Lisa, Meijer, Adam, Paradowska-Stankiewicz, Iwona, Machado, Ausenda, Vučina, Vesna Višekruna, Lazar, Mihaela, Johansen, Kari, Dürrwald, Ralf, Werf, Sylvie, Bella, Antonino, Larrauri, Amparo, Ferenczi, Annamária, Zakikhany, Katherina, O'Donnell, Joan, Dijkstra, Frederika, Bogusz, Joanna, Guiomar, Raquel, Filipović, Sanja Kurečić, Pitigoi, Daniela, Penttinen, Pasi, Valenciano, Marta, EpiConcept [Paris], Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Robert Koch Institute [Berlin] (RKI), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Public Health Agency of Sweden, Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene [Poland], Instituto Nacional de Saùde Dr Ricardo Jorge [Portugal] (INSA), Cantacuzino Institute [Romania], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control [Stockholm, Sweden] (ECDC), Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Carol Davila' Bucharest (UMPCD)

Subjects
Vaccine effectiveness, Europe, Influenza vaccine, Case-control study, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Multicentre study, [SDV.IMM.VAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology, Influenza
Abstract

International audience; Introduction: Influenza A(H3N2) viruses predominated in Europe in 2016–17. In 2017–18 A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses co-circulated. The A(H3N2) vaccine component was the same in both seasons; while the A(H1N1)pdm09 component changed in 2017–18. In both seasons, vaccine seed A(H3N2) viruses developed adaptations/alterations during propagation in eggs, impacting antigenicity.Methods: We used the test-negative design in a multicentre primary care case-control study in 12 European countries to measure 2016–17 and 2017–18 influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against laboratory-confirmed influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) overall and by age group.Results: During the 2017–18 season, the overall VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 59% (95% CI: 47–69). Among those aged 0–14, 15–64 and ≥65 years, VE against A(H1N1)pdm09 was 64% (95% CI: 37–79), 50% (95% CI: 28–66) and 66% (95% CI: 42–80), respectively. Overall VE against influenza A(H3N2) was 28% (95% CI: 17–38) in 2016–17 and 13% (95% CI: −15 to 34) in 2017–18. Among 0–14-year-olds VE against A(H3N2) was 28% (95%CI: −10 to 53) and 29% (95% CI: −87 to 73), among 15–64-year-olds 34% (95% CI: 18–46) and 33% (95% CI: −3 to 56) and among those aged ≥65 years 15% (95% CI: −10 to 34) and −9% (95% CI: −74 to 32) in 2016–17 and 2017–18, respectively.Conclusions: Our study suggests the new A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine component conferred good protection against circulating strains, while VE against A(H3N2) was

Published
2019
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3. Influenza epidemics observed in primary care from 1984 to 2017 in France: A decrease in epidemic size over time

Author

Souty, Cécile, Amoros, Philippe, Falchi, Alessandra, Capai, Lisandru, Bonmarin, Isabelle, van der Werf, Sylvie, Masse, Shirley, Turbelin, Clément, Rossignol, Louise, Vilcu, Ana‐Maria, Lévy‐Bruhl, Daniel, Lina, Bruno, Minodier, Laëtitia, Dorléans, Yves, Guerrisi, Caroline, Hanslik, Thomas, Blanchon, Thierry, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), EA Bioscope Corse Méditerranée : Dynamique des infections virales en milieu insulaire, Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Virpath-Grippe, de l'émergence au contrôle -- Virpath-Influenza, from emergence to control (Virpath), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence des Virus des Infections Respiratoires (dont la Grippe) [Lyon] (CNR - laboratoire associé), Institut des Agents Infectieux [Lyon] (IAI), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], We thank all general practitioners and paediatricians participating in the French Sentinelles network., Santé publique France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Génétique moléculaire des virus à ARN ((U-Pasteur_ 2 / UMR_3569)), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires, Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), and Centre National de Référence des Virus des Infections Respiratoires (dont la Grippe) [Lyon] (CNR)

Subjects
Male, Time Factors, Vaccination Coverage, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Child, MESH: Incidence, Child, Letter to the Editor, MESH: Aged, influenza‐like illness, MESH: France/epidemiology, Incidence, MESH: Influenza, Human, Vaccination, MESH: Infant, Newborn, MESH: Vaccination Coverage, Middle Aged, MESH: Infant, MESH: Young Adult, Child, Preschool, surveillance, Original Article, Female, France, influenza, Adult, Adolescent, MESH: Epidemics/statistics & numerical data, influenza-like illness, epidemics, MESH: Primary Health Care, Young Adult, primary care, Influenza, Human, Humans, Aged, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, Primary Health Care, MESH: Time Factors, MESH: Child, Preschool, Infant, Newborn, Infant, MESH: Adult, Original Articles, MESH: Vaccination, MESH: Male, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Sentinel Surveillance, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND: Epidemiological analysis of past influenza epidemics remains essential to understand the evolution of the disease and optimize control and prevention strategies. Here, we aimed to use data collected by a primary care surveillance system over the last three decades to study trends in influenza epidemics and describe epidemic profiles according to circulating influenza viruses.METHODS: Influenza-like illness (ILI) weekly incidences were estimated using cases reported by general practitioners participating in the French Sentinelles network, between 1984 and 2017. Influenza epidemics were detected by applying a periodic regression to this time series. Epidemic (co-)dominant influenza virus (sub)types were determined using French virology data.RESULTS: During the study period, 297 607 ILI cases were reported allowing the detection of 33 influenza epidemics. On average, seasonal epidemics lasted 9 weeks and affected 4.1% of the population (95% CI 3.5; 4.7). Mean age of cases was 29 years. Epidemic size decreased over time by -66 cases per 100 000 population per season on average (95% CI -132; -0.2, P value = 0.049) and epidemic height decreased by -15 cases per 100 000 (95% CI -28; -2, P value = 0.022). Epidemic duration appeared stable over time. Epidemics were mostly dominated by A(H3N2) (n = 17, 52%), associated with larger epidemic size, higher epidemic peak and older age of cases.CONCLUSIONS: The declining trend in influenza epidemic size and height over the last 33 years might be related to several factors like increased vaccine coverage, hygiene improvements or changing in influenza viruses. However, further researches are needed to assess the impact of potential contributing factors to adapt influenza plans.

Published
2019
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4. Cross-validation of an algorithm detecting acute gastroenteritis episodes from prescribed drug dispensing data in France: comparison with clinical data reported in a primary care surveillance system, winter seasons 2014/15 to 2016/17

Author

Vilcu, Ana-Maria, Blanchon, Thierry, Sabatte, Laure, Souty, Cécile, Maravic, Milka, Hanslik, Thomas, Steichen, Olivier, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), IQVIA, Service de Rhumatologie [CHU Lariboisière], Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], Laboratoire d'Informatique Médicale et Ingénierie des Connaissances en e-Santé (LIMICS), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Médecine Interne [CHU Tenon], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Tenon [AP-HP], and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
lcsh:R5-920, Databases, Factual, Primary Health Care, Epidemiology, Sentinel surveillance, Pharmacy, Drug Prescriptions, Gastroenteritis, Population Surveillance, Epidemiological Monitoring, Primary care physicians, Humans, Public health surveillance, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, France, Seasons, lcsh:Medicine (General), Algorithms, Research Article
Abstract

Background This study compares an algorithm to detect acute gastroenteritis (AG) episodes from drug dispensing data to the validated data reported in a primary care surveillance system in France. Methods We used drug dispensing data collected in a drugstore database and data collected by primary care physicians involved in a French surveillance network, from season 2014/15 to 2016/17. We used an adapted version of an AG discrimination algorithm to identify AG episodes from the drugstore database. We used Pearson’s correlation coefficient to evaluate the agreement between weekly AG signals obtained from the two data sources during winter months, in the overall population, by specific age-groups and by regions. Results Correlations between AG signals for all ages were 0.84 [95%CI 0.69; 0.92] for season 2014/15, 0.87 [95%CI 0.75; 0.93] for season 2015/16 and 0.94 [95%CI 0.88; 0.97] for season 2016/17. The association between AG signals estimated from two data sources varied significantly across age groups in season 2016/17 (p-value

Published
2019
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5. Association Between Acute Gastroenteritis and Continuous Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors During Winter Periods of Highest Circulation of Enteric Viruses

Author

Vilcu, Ana-Maria, Sabatte, Laure, Blanchon, Thierry, Souty, Cecile, Maravic, Milka, Lemaitre, Magali, Steichen, Olivier, Hanslik, Thomas, Gestionnaire, HAL Sorbonne Université 5, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), IQVIA, Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Médecine Interne = Hôpital de jour de médecine [CHU Tenon], CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire d'Informatique Médicale et Ingénierie des Connaissances en e-Santé (LIMICS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP]

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract

International audience; Importance: An increased risk of acute bacterial enteric infections has been reported among patients receiving proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. The risk of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) of viral origin associated with continuous PPI exposure has been less studied.Objective: To investigate the association between continuous PPI therapy and AGE occurrence during winter epidemic periods when the circulation of enteric viruses is the highest.Design, setting, and participants: A matched cohort study was performed using a prospectively collected drug dispensing database from a large panel of community pharmacies in continental France. All patients recorded in the database during the 2015 to 2016 winter season, with documented age, sex, and use of an identifiable regular panel pharmacy, were eligible for the study. Each patient exposed to continuous PPI therapy was matched to 3 unexposed patients, according to year of birth, sex, and identifiable regular panel pharmacy. Analyses were performed between January 2017 and December 2018.Exposure: Continuous PPI use during the 2015 to 2016 AGE winter epidemic.Main outcomes and measures: The occurrence of at least 1 AGE episode during the 2015 to 2016 AGE winter epidemic was the main outcome. Episodes of AGE were identified using a previously validated algorithm based on drug dispensing data. Relative risks of AGE were estimated using a multivariable log-binomial model adjusted for age, sex, and treatments for chronic conditions.Results: There were 233 596 patients receiving PPI therapy (median [interquartile range] age, 71 [62-81] years; 55.8% female) and 626 887 matched patients not receiving PPI therapy (median [interquartile range] age, 70 [61-80] years; 56.3% female) included in the analyses. At least 1 AGE epidemic episode was identified in 3131 patients (1.3%) receiving PPI therapy and in 4327 patients (0.7%) not receiving PPI therapy. The adjusted relative risk of AGE for those receiving PPI therapy was 1.81 (95% CI, 1.72-1.90) for all ages considered, 1.66 (95% CI, 1.54-1.80) among those aged 45 to 64 years, 2.19 (95% CI, 1.98-2.42) among those aged 65 to 74 years, and 1.98 (95% CI, 1.82-2.15) among those aged 75 years and older.Conclusions and relevance: Continuous PPI therapy was associated with an increased risk of developing AGE during periods of highest circulation of enteric viruses. These findings support the hypothesis that PPI use is associated with an increased risk of enteric viral infections.

Published
2019
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6. Surveillance de la grippe en France, saison 2017-2018

Author

Bernard-Stoecklin, Sibylle, Campèse, Christine, Savitch, Yann, Fouillet, Anne, Sommen, Cécile, Bruhl, Daniel, Behillil, Sylvie, Enouf, Vincent, van Der Werf, Sylvie, Valette, Martine, Bouscambert-Duchamp, Maude, Lina, Bruno, Guerrisi, Caroline, Souty, Cécile, Turbelin, Clément, Launay, Titouan, Vilcu, Ana-Maria, Hanslik, Thomas, Blanchon, Thierry, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Centre National de Référence des Virus des Infections Respiratoires (dont la Grippe) [Lyon] (CNR - laboratoire associé), Institut des Agents Infectieux [Lyon] (IAI), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract

International audience; This article summarizes influenza activity in France for the 2017-2018 season.Methods –This report is based on different sources of data collected in France: clinical influenza-like illness (ILI) in the community reported by the primary health care networks, virological data analysed by reference laboratories, emergency units visits and hospitalizations for clinical influenza, reporting of severe influenza cases hospitalised in intensive care units (ICU), reporting of acute respiratory infections (ARI) clusters in nursing homes, and mortality data.Results –In France, the 2017-18 season started early-December in mainland France, peaked on the last week of December and ended at the end of March, lasting 16 weeks. The epidemic was characterized by an atypical dynamics with two consecutive waves due to the circulation ofA(H1N1)pdm09 followed by B/Yamagata lineage viruses. Its impact was moderate in the community, but high numbers of hospitalizations (>9,700) and severe cases admitted to ICUs (>2,900) were recorded. During the epidemic, a marked excess mortality was observed, with 13,000 deaths attributed to influenza.Conclusion –The 2017-18 influenza epidemic started early and was unusually long, with an atypical dynamics and marked severity. The successive circulation of A(H1N1)pdm09 and B/Yamagata viruses, together with insufficient vaccine coverage and suboptimal vaccine effectiveness, have contributed to this severity. It confirms the high impact of the disease for the population at risk and strengthens the need for prevention especially higher vaccine coverage among people at risk, and the implementation of control measures to limit the spread of the virus around the cases, as well as the utility of early antiviral treatment for subjects at risk.; Cet article présente le bilan épidémiologique et virologique de l’épidémie grippale en France durant la saison 2017-2018.Méthode –Ce bilan s’appuie sur l’analyse descriptive des données de surveillance de la grippe ou des syndromes grippaux transmises par les réseaux de médecine ambulatoire, les analyses virologiques des laboratoires partenaires, la surveillance des passages aux urgences et des hospitalisations codées grippe, la surveillance des cas graves de grippe hospitalisés en services de réanimation, les signalements d’épisodes d’infections respiratoires aiguës (IRA) dans les collectivités de personnes âgées et les données de mortalité.Résultats –L’épidémie de grippe a débuté début décembre en France métropolitaine, a atteint son pic au cours de la dernière semaine de décembre et s’est terminée fin mars, soit 16 semaines d’épidémie. Elle a présenté une dynamique atypique, avec deux vagues successives dues à la circulation majoritaire du virus A(H1N1)pdm09 puis à celle du virus B Lignage Yamagata. L’épidémie a été d’intensité modérée en médecine ambulatoire mais elle a été caractérisée par un nombre élevé d’hospitalisations après recours aux urgences pour syndrome grippal (>9 700) et de cas graves admis en réanimation (>2 900). Cette épidémie a également été marquée par une surmortalité importante, avec 13 000 décès attribués à la grippe.Conclusion –L’épidémie de grippe 2017-2018, précoce et exceptionnellement longue, a été caractérisée par une dynamique atypique et une importante sévérité, liées à la circulation successive des virus A(H1N1)pdm09 et B/Yamagata, dans un contexte de couverture vaccinale insuffisante et d’efficacité vaccinale sous-optimale. Son impact important sur les hospitalisations et la mortalité rappelle la gravité de la maladie et l’intérêt de la prévention, à savoir la vaccination chez les personnes à risque, complétée de mesures barrières afin de limiter la diffusion du virus dans l’entourage des cas, ainsi que l’utilité d’un traitement antiviral précoce, particulièrement chez les sujets à risque.

Published
2018

7. SURVEILLANCE DE LA GRIPPE EN FRANCE, SAISON 2016-2017

Author

Campèse, Christine, Bonmarin, Isabelle, Savitch, Yann, Fouillet, Anne, Sommen, Cécile, Lévy-Bruhl, Daniel, Guerrisi, Caroline, Souty, Cécile, Turbelin, Clément, Launay, Titouan, Vilcu, Ana-Maria, Hanslik, Thomas, Behillil, Sylvie, Enouf, Vincent, van Der Werf, Sylvie, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Santé publique France Guyane, Haut Conseil de la Santé Publique (HCSP), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses et modélisation (ESIM), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Plateforme de Microbiologie Mutualisée (PIBnet) - Mutualized Platform for Microbiology (P2M), Pasteur International Bioresources network (PIBNet), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
France Influenza, Surveillance, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Vaccination, Grippe, Grippe Surveillance Épidémie Vaccination France Influenza Surveillance Outbreak Vaccination France, Outbreak, France, Épidémie
Abstract

International audience; This article summarizes the influenza activity in France for the 2016-17 season.Methods – This report is based on the descriptive analysis of different sources of data on influenza or influenza- like illness collected in mainland France: influenza clinical activity in the community reported by the primary health care network, virological data analysed by reference laboratories, emergency units visits and hospitali- zations for clinical influenza, reporting of acute respiratory infections (ARI) clusters in nursing homes, reporting of severe influenza cases hospitalised in intensive care units (ICU) and mortality data.Results – In mainland France, the 2016-17 season was characterized by a moderate influenza epidemic in the community which started in mid-December, peaked mid-January and lasted 10 weeks. Sub-type A(H3N2) viruses were the almost exclusive circulating influenza viruses. The impact of the influenza epidemic was espe- cially severe among the elderly (65 years old and more) with a high proportion of hospitalisations for influenza among outpatients presenting to emergency ward (16% of 40 000 outpatients) and a high proportion of patients aged above 65 years (69%) among hospitalized patients. This age group accounted for 67% of the 1,479 cases admitted to intensive care. During the epidemic wave, a marked excess mortality estimate at 14,400 deaths attributable to influenza was observed. Over 90% of this excess affected people 75 years old and more.Conclusion – The 2016-17 influenza epidemic was early, moderate, and particularly severe among the elderly. This severity is due to the almost exclusive circulation of A(H3N2) viruses in a context of low vaccine coverage and sub-optimal vaccine effectiveness. It confirms the severity of the disease for the population at risk and strengthens the need for prevention, especially a higher vaccine coverage among people at risk and the implementation of non-pharmaceutical control measures to limit the spread of the virus around cases.; Cet article présente le bilan épidémiologique et virologique de l’activité grippale en France durant la saison 2016-2017.Méthodes – Ce bilan s’appuie sur l’analyse descriptive des données de surveillance de la grippe ou des syndromes grippaux transmises par les réseaux de médecine ambulatoire, les analyses virologiques des laboratoires partenaires, les signalements d’épisodes d’infections respiratoires aiguës (IRA) dans les collec- tivités de personnes âgées, la surveillance des passages aux urgences et des hospitalisations codées grippe, la surveillance des cas graves de grippe hospitalisés en services de réanimation et les données de mortalité.Résultats – L’épidémie de grippe a débuté mi-décembre et a atteint son pic mi-janvier pour se terminer début février, soit une durée totale de 10 semaines. Due quasi-exclusivement au virus grippal de type A(H3N2), elle a été d’intensité modérée en milieu ambulatoire mais a eu un impact important chez les personnes âgées. Elle a été caractérisée par une part importante d’hospitalisations parmi les passages aux urgences pour syndrome grippal (16% des 40 000 passages) et par une proportion importante des 65 ans et plus parmi les patients hospitalisés (69%). Cette tranche d’âge a représenté 67% des 1 479 cas de grippe admis en réanimation. Cette épidémie a également été marquée par un excès de mortalité estimé à 14 400 décès attribuables à la grippe, dont plus de 90% chez les personnes de 75 ans et plus.Conclusion – L’épidémie de grippe 2016-2017, précoce et d’intensité modérée, s’est caractérisée par un impact particulièrement important chez les personnes âgées, lié à la circulation quasi-exclusive de virus A(H3N2) dans un contexte de couverture vaccinale insuffisante et d’efficacité vaccinale sub-optimale. Cette épidémie rappelle la gravité de la maladie et l’importance de la prévention, à savoir la vaccination chez les personnes à risque, qui doit être complétée de mesures barrières pour limiter la diffusion du virus dans l’entourage des cas.

Published
2017

8. Estimation of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness using data collected in primary care in France: comparison of the test-negative design and the screening method

Author

Alessandra Falchi, Shirley Masse, M. Valette, Clément Turbelin, Vincent Enouf, Lisandru Capai, Sylvie Behillil, Thomas Hanslik, Thierry Blanchon, Louise Rossignol, Bruno Lina, Caroline Guerrisi, Cécile Souty, Ana-Maria Vilcu, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Génétique moléculaire des virus à ARN ((U-Pasteur_ 2 / UMR_3569)), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EA Bioscope Corse Méditerranée : Dynamique des infections virales en milieu insulaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses et modélisation (ESIM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Virologie [UNIV Corse-Inserm] (EA7310), Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Centre National de Référence Virus Influenza (Région Sud), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Laboratory of Virology East, Virpath-Grippe, de l'émergence au contrôle -- Virpath-Influenza, from emergence to control (Virpath), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), VILCU, Ana-Maria, Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence des virus influenzae (Grippe)-Génétique moléculaire des virus à ARN (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Corse-Inserm, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Virologie [GH Nord HCL, Lyon] (CNR des virus influenza), Institut des Agents Infectieux [GH Nord HCL, Lyon]-Groupement Hospitalier Nord des HCL [Lyon], Service de Médecine Interne [AP-HP Hôpital Ambroise Paré], and AP-HP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Primary health care, Seasonal influenza, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Screening method, Medicine, Mass Screening, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, virology, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, Influenza Vaccines, Child, Preschool, Epidemiological Monitoring, surveillance, Female, France, Microbiology (medical), Adult, Adolescent, 030106 microbiology, Population, Primary care, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, primary care, [SDV.IMM.VAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology, Influenza, Human, Humans, education, Aged, Estimation, Primary Health Care, vaccine effectiveness, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Confidence interval, Influenza, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Immunology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.IMM.VAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Demography
Abstract

International audience; Objectives: We discussed which method between the test-negative design (TND) and the screening method (SM) could provide more robust real-time and end-of-season vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates using data collected from routine influenza surveillance in primary care. Methods: We used data collected during two influenza seasons, 2014e15 and 2015e16. Using the SM, we estimated end-of-season VE in preventing medically attended influenza-like illness and laboratory-confirmed influenza among the population at risk. Using the TND, we estimated end-of-season VE in preventing influenza among both the general and the at-risk population. We estimated real-time VE using both methods. Results: For the SM, the overall adjusted end-of-season VE was 24% (95% confidence interval (CI), 16 to 32) and 12% (95% CI, À16 to 33) during season 2014e15, and 53% (95% CI, 44 to 60) and 47% (95% CI, 23 to 64) during season 2015e16, in preventing influenza-like illness and laboratory-confirmed influenza, respectively. For the TND, the overall adjusted end-of-season VE was À17% (95% CI, À79 to 24) and À38% (95% CI, À199 to 13) in 2014e15, and 10% (95% CI, À31 to 39) and 18% (95% CI, À33 to 50) in 2015e16, among the general and at-risk population, respectively. Real-time VE estimates obtained through the TND showed more variability across each season and lower precision than those estimated with the SM. Conclusions: Although the worldwide use of the TND allows for comparison of overall VE estimates among countries, the SM performs better in providing robust real-time VE estimates among the population at risk. A.M. Vilcu, Clin Microbiol Infect 2018;24:431.e5e431.e12

Published
2018
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