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1. LOTVS: A global collection of permanent vegetation plots

Author

Marta Gaia Sperandii, Francesco de Bello, Enrique Valencia, Lars Götzenberger, Manuele Bazzichetto, Thomas Galland, Anna E‐Vojtkó, Luisa Conti, Peter B. Adler, Hannah Buckley, Jiří Danihelka, Nicola J. Day, Jürgen Dengler, David J. Eldridge, Marc Estiarte, Ricardo García‐González, Eric Garnier, Daniel Gómez‐García, Lauren Hallett, Susan Harrison, Tomas Herben, Ricardo Ibáñez, Anke Jentsch, Norbert Juergens, Miklós Kertész, Duncan M. Kimuyu, Katja Klumpp, Mike Le Duc, Frédérique Louault, Rob H. Marrs, Gábor Ónodi, Robin J. Pakeman, Meelis Pärtel, Begoña Peco, Josep Peñuelas, Marta Rueda, Wolfgang Schmidt, Ute Schmiedel, Martin Schuetz, Hana Skalova, Petr Šmilauer, Marie Šmilauerová, Christian Smit, Ming‐Hua Song, Martin Stock, James Val, Vigdis Vandvik, Karsten Wesche, Susan K. Wiser, Ben A. Woodcock, Truman P. Young, Fei‐Hai Yu, Amelia A. Wolf, Martin Zobel, Jan Lepš, Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificacion (CIDE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH BOHEMIA CESKE BUDEJOVICE CZE, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Utah State University (USU), Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Victoria University of Wellington, Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), University of New South Wales [Kensington], CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States, University of California (UC), Department of Zoology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Viniicna 7, 128 43 Praha 2, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA), University of Hamburg, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), University of Liverpool, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The James Hutton Institute, University of Tartu, Autonomous University of Madrid, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Ecology, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Universidad de Sevilla / University of Sevilla, Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-use [University of Göttingen] (CBL), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences [Hamburg], Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, University of South Bohemia, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences [Groningen] (GELIFES), University of Groningen [Groningen], Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wadden Sea National Park of Schleswig-Holstein, University of Bergen (UiB), Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Center for Ecology and Hydrology, Taizhou University, University of Texas-Pan, Smit group, Royal Society of New Zealand, Czech Science Foundation, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (France), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Oberfranken Stiftung, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, Estonian Research Council, European Commission, Fundación Ramón Areces, Generalitat de Catalunya, European Research Council, Dresden University of Technology, Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment (New Zealand), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK), Comunidad de Madrid, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, National Science Foundation (US), South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses [University of South Bohemia] (CENAKVA), Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters [University of South Bohemia], University of South Bohemia -University of South Bohemia, Desertification Research Centre (CIDE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universitat de València (UV), University of Bayreuth, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Unit CREAF-CSIC-UABB, Global Ecology Unit (CREAF-CSIC-UAB), Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Department of Mathematics, University of Oregon [Eugene], University of Oregon [Eugene], Department of Computer Science [Univ California Davis] (CS - UC Davis), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Distributed Events Analysis Research Group (MTA SZTAKI Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Mpala Research Centre, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institute of Computer Science [University of Tartu, Estonie], Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals - Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, Partenaires INRAE, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), Lake Ecosystems Group [Lancaster, U.K.] (Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), Lancaster Environment Centre [Lancaster, U.K.], Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering - University of Texas (ECE), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011), Sperandii, M. G., de Bello, F., Valencia, E., Gotzenberger, L., Bazzichetto, M., Galland, T., E-Vojtko, A., Conti, L., Adler, P. B., Buckley, H., Danihelka, J., Day, N. J., Dengler, J., Eldridge, D. J., Estiarte, M., Garcia-Gonzalez, R., Garnier, E., Gomez-Garcia, D., Hallett, L., Harrison, S., Herben, T., Ibanez, R., Jentsch, A., Juergens, N., Kertesz, M., Kimuyu, D. M., Klumpp, K., Le Duc, M., Louault, F., Marrs, R. H., Onodi, G., Pakeman, R. J., Partel, M., Peco, B., Penuelas, J., Rueda, M., Schmidt, W., Schmiedel, U., Schuetz, M., Skalova, H., Smilauer, P., Smilauerova, M., Smit, C., Song, M. -H., Stock, M., Val, J., Vandvik, V., Wesche, K., Wiser, S. K., Woodcock, B. A., Young, T. P., Yu, F. -H., Wolf, A. A., Zobel, M., and Leps, J.

Subjects
Plant communities, temporal analysis, Plant community, Plant Science, ecological succession, Permanent plot, ecoinformatic, plant communitie, Ecology and Environment, ecoinformatics, vegetation, Ecological succession, Ecoinformatics, Global scale, 577: Ökologie, time-serie, Vegetation, ecosystem stability, Ecology, time-series, Temporal analysis, permanent plot, plant diversity, plant communities, temporal analysi, 580: Pflanzen (Botanik), Plant diversity, global scale, Ecosystem stability, Permanent plots, Time-series, permanent plots, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Analysing temporal patterns in plant communities is extremely important to quantify the extent and the consequences of ecological changes, especially considering the current biodiversity crisis. Long-term data collected through the regular sampling of permanent plots represent the most accurate resource to study ecological succession, analyse the stability of a community over time and understand the mechanisms driving vegetation change. We hereby present the LOng-Term Vegetation Sampling (LOTVS) initiative, a global collection of vegetation time-series derived from the regular monitoring of plant species in permanent plots. With 79 data sets from five continents and 7,789 vegetation time-series monitored for at least 6 years and mostly on an annual basis, LOTVS possibly represents the largest collection of temporally fine-grained vegetation time-series derived from permanent plots and made accessible to the research community. As such, it has an outstanding potential to support innovative research in the fields of vegetation science, plant ecology and temporal ecology., The authors acknowledge institutional support as follows. Nicola J. Day: Te Apārangi Royal Society of New Zealand (Rutherford Postdoctoral Fellowship). Jiří Danihelka: Czech Science Foundation (project no. 19-28491X) and Czech Academy of Sciences (project no. RVO 67985939). Francesco de Bello: Spanish Plan Nacional de I+D+i (project PGC2018-099027-B-I00). Eric Garnier: La Fage INRA experimental station. Tomáš Herben: GAČR grant 20-02901S. Anke Jentsch: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant 031B0516C - SUSALPS) and Oberfrankenstiftung (grant OFS FP00237). Norbert Juergens: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant 01LG1201N - SASSCAL ABC). Frédérique Louault and Katja Klumpp: AnaEE-France (ANR-11-INBS-0001). Robin J. Pakeman: Strategic Research Programme of the Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division. Meelis Pärtel: Estonian Research Council (PRG609) and European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange). Josep Peñuelas: Spanish Government (grant PID2019-110521GB-I00), Fundación Ramon Areces (grant ELEMENTAL-CLIMATE), Catalan Government (grant SGR 2017-1005), and European Research Council (Synergy grant ERC-SyG-2013-610028, IMBALANCE-P). Ute Schmiedel: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Promotion numbers 01LC0024, 01LC0024A, 01LC0624A2, 01LG1201A, 01LG1201N). Hana Skálová: GAČR grant 20-02901S. Karsten Wesche: International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden. Susan K. Wiser: New Zealand Ministry for Business, Innovation and Employment’s Strategic Science Investment Fund. Ben A. Woodcock: NERC and BBSRC (NE/N018125/1 LTS-M ASSIST - Achieving Sustainable Agricultural Systems). Enrique Valencia: Program for attracting and retaining talent of Comunidad de Madrid (no. 2017-T2/AMB-5406) and Community of Madrid and Rey Juan Carlos University (Young Researchers R&D Project. Ref. M2165 – INTRANESTI). Truman P. Young: National Science Foundation (LTREB DEB 19-31224).

Published
2022

2. Quantifying the roles of seed dispersal, filtering, and climate on regional patterns of grassland biodiversity

Author

Kari Klanderud, Deborah E. Goldberg, Vigdis Vandvik, John Guittar, Marta Ramírez Boixaderas, Astrid Berge, Eric Meineri, Joachim Töpper, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, and University of Bergen (UiB)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Seed dispersal, Biodiversity, Climate change, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Seed Dispersal, species sorting, range expansion, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecological niche, Norway, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Alpine grasslands, Plant community, Species sorting, dispersal dynamics, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Grassland, climate change, seedling survival, Seeds, community assembly, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, metacommunities, Global biodiversity
Abstract

International audience; Seed dispersal and local filtering interactively govern community membership and scale up to shape regional vegetation patterns, but data revealing how and why particular species are excluded from specific communities in nature are scarce. This lack of data is a missing link between our theoretical understanding of how diversity patterns can form and how they actually form in nature, and it hampers our ability to predict community responses to climate change. Here, we compare seed, seedling, and adult plant communities at 12 grassland sites with different climates in southern Norway to examine how community membership is interactively shaped by seed dispersal and local filtering, and how this process varies with climate across sites. To do this, we divide species at each site into two groups: locally transient species, which occur as seeds but are rare or absent as adults (i.e., they arrive but are filtered out), and locally persistent species, which occur consistently as adults in annual vegetation surveys. We then ask how and why locally transient species are disfavored during community assembly. Our results led to four main conclusions: (1) the total numbers of seeds and species that arrived, but failed to establish locally persistent populations, rose with temperature, indicating an increase in the realized effects of local filtering on community assembly, as well as an increase in the number of species poised to rapidly colonize those warmer sites if local conditions change in their favor, (2) locally transient species were selectively filtered out during seedling emergence, but not during seedling establishment, (3) selective filtering was partly driven by species climate preferences, exemplified by the poor performance of seeds dispersing outside of their realized climate niches into colder and drier foreign climates, and (4) locally transient species had traits that likely made them better dispersers (i.e., smaller seeds) but poorer competitors for light (i.e., shorter statures and less persistent clonal connections) than locally persistent species, potentially explaining why these species arrived to new sites but did not establish locally persistent adult populations. Our study is the first to combine seed, seedling, and adult survey data across sites to rigorously characterize how seed dispersal and local filtering govern community membership and shape climate‐associated vegetation patterns

Published
2020

3. Functional traits, not productivity, predict alpine plant community openness to seedling recruitment under climatic warming

Author

Eric Meineri, John Guittar, Kari Klanderud, Vigdis Vandvik, Deborah E. Goldberg, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Michigan State University System, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, and University of Bergen (UiB)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Alpine plant, Climate change, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, biotic interactions, effect traits, Openness to experience, emergence, Productivity, Climatic warming, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Biomass (ecology), biomass, Ecology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, climate change, 13. Climate action, Seedling, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, invasibility, 010606 plant biology & botany, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

International audience; Understanding the degree to which plant communities are open to seedling recruitment is key to predicting how they will be impacted by climate change. We experimentally assessed whether communities assembled under colder climates were inherently more open to recruitment than warmer‐climate communities, after controlling for differences in the current climate under which the communities were growing. We then tested whether variation in openness to recruitment could be explained by community biomass or by the plant functional traits of the community.The study was conducted in a climate grid of twelve grassland sites across southern Norway, differing systematically in temperature and precipitation. Along a 2000 mm precipitation gradient, we transplanted turfs with intact plant communities from alpine and sub‐alpine sites into 2°C warmer sites, and measured natural seedling emergence in these transplanted turfs versus locally replanted control turfs at the transplant destination sites. Mixed effect models were used to assess the effect of origin (cold versus warm climate), biomass, and functional trait composition of the communities on seedling emergence. We further assessed variation in these effects across different climatic contexts (the temperature and precipitation gradients).Communities originating from colder climates were consistently more open to recruitment, with on average 44% more seedlings emerging, than the locally replanted control communities. The higher rates of seedling emergence in colder‐climate communities were attributable to systematic differences in plant functional traits, but not in biomass. The colder‐climate communities were composed of species with smaller leaves and lower maximum plant heights; traits that may make these communities less effective at excluding new recruits. These trait‐related responses were not significant in the warmest sites and did not very across the precipitation gradient.Our results suggest that alpine species lack the competitive effect traits required to make their communities resistant to invasion by novel competitors under climate change.

Published
2019

4. Disjunct populations of European vascular plant species keep the same climatic niches

Author

Safaa Wasof, Jonathan Lenoir, Per Arild Aarrestad, Inger Greve Alsos, Scott Armbruster, W., Gunnar Austrheim, Vegar Bakkestuen, Birks, H. John B., Kari Anne Brathen, Olivier Broennimann, Jörg Brunet, Hans Henrik Bruun, Carl Johan Dahlberg, Martin Diekmann, Stefan Dullinger, Mats Dynesius, Rasmus Erjnaes, Jean-Claude Gégout, Bente Jessen Graae, John-Arvid Grytnes, Antoine Guisan, Kristoffer Hylander, Jonsdottir, Ingibjörg S., Jutta Kapfer, Kari Klanderut, Miska Luoto, Ann Milbau, Mari Moora, Bettina Nygaard, Arvid Odland, Harald Pauli, Virve Ravolainen, Stefanie Reinhardt, Sylvi Marlen Sandvik, Fride Hoistad Schei, Speed, James D. M., Jens-Christian Svenning, Wilfried Thuiller, Liv Unn Tveraabak, Vigdis Vandvik, Liv Guri Velle, Risto Virtanen, Pascal Vittoz, Wolfgang Willner, Thomas Wohlgemuth, Zimmermann, Niklaus E., Martin Zobel, Guillaume Decocq, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Centre for Biosystematics [Oslo], Natural History Museum [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Department of Ecology & Evolution, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), University of Vienna [Vienna], Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Laboratoire d'Etudes des Ressources Forêt-Bois (LERFoB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Laboratoire de Biologie de la Conservation (LBC), University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Dept Bio, University of Tartu, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Dept Biol, University of Oulu, Département d'écologie et évolution, Université de Lausanne (UNIL)-Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Vienna Institute for Nature Conservation and Analyses (VINCA), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Avalanche Research WSL, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institute of Botany and Ecology, UFR de pharmacie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), University of Portsmouth, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), University of Bergen (UiB), The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), IT University of Copenhagen, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences [Stockholm], Stockholm University, University of Bremen, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science [Umeå], AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), University of Helsinki, Telemark University College, Norwegian Polar Institute, University of Agder (UIA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Nesna University College, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (Bioforsk), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)

Subjects
arctic plants, Alpine plants, climatic niche, niche overlap, species distribution modelling, niche conservatism, niche optimum, distant populations, niche width, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, disjunct distribution
Abstract

Aim Previous research on how climatic niches vary across species ranges has focused on a limited number of species, mostly invasive, and has not, to date, been very conclusive. Here we assess the degree of niche conservatism between distant populations of native alpine plant species that have been separated for thousands of years.LocationEuropean Alps and Fennoscandia. Methods Of the studied pool of 888 terrestrial vascular plant species occurring in both the Alps and Fennoscandia, we used two complementary approaches to test and quantify climatic-niche shifts for 31 species having strictly disjunct populations and 358 species having either a contiguous or a patchy distribution with distant populations. First, we used species distribution modelling to test for a region effect on each species' climatic niche. Second, we quantified niche overlap and shifts in niche width (i.e. ecological amplitude) and position (i.e. ecological optimum) within a bi-dimensional climatic space. Results Only one species (3%) of the 31 species with strictly disjunct populations and 58 species (16%) of the 358 species with distant populations showed a region effect on their climatic niche. Niche overlap was higher for species with strictly disjunct populations than for species with distant populations and highest for arctic–alpine species. Climatic niches were, on average, wider and located towards warmer and wetter conditions in the Alps. Main conclusion Climatic niches seem to be generally conserved between populations that are separated between the Alps and Fennoscandia and have probably been so for 10,000–15,000 years. Therefore, the basic assumption of species distribution models that a species' climatic niche is constant in space and time – at least on time scales 104 years or less – seems to be largely valid for arctic–alpine plants.

Published
2015

5. Biodiversity of acid grasslands in the atlantic regions of Europe: the impact of nitrogen deposition

Author

Cassandre Gaudnik, Vigdis Vandvik, Per Arild Aarrestad, Edu Dorland, David J. G. Gowing, Serge Muller, Nancy B. Dise, Roland Bobbink, J. Owen Mountford, Albert Bleeker, David Fowler, Martin Diekmann, Didier Alard, Emmanuel Corcket, Carly J. Stevens, Cecilia Dupré, Open University, University of Bremen, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Radboud university [Nijmegen], Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), University of Bergen (UiB), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Nitrogen deposition, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, chemistry.chemical_element, 15. Life on land, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Nitrogen, chemistry, Forb, Environmental science, Species richness, Deposition (chemistry), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Reduction in the species richness of acid grasslands along a gradient of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has previously been demonstrated in the UK (Stevens, Dise, Mountford, Gowing, Science 303:1876–1879, 2004). Further surveys of acid grasslands in the UK confirm this relationship. This chapter reports an examination of the relationship across the Atlantic region of Europe. Examining the cover of functional groups across this gradient reveals that forb cover is strongly reduced along the gradient of N deposition.

Published
2014

6. Differential effects of oxidised and reduced nitrogen on vegetation and soil chemistry of species-rich acidic grasslands

Author

Cassandre Gaudnik, Per Arild Aarrestad, Mari Jokerud, Merel B. Soons, Cecilia Dupré, Katherine Wotherspoon, Emmanuel Corcket, Suzanne Rotthier, Roland Bobbink, Martin Diekmann, Nancy B. Dise, Vigdis Vandvik, Edu Dorland, David J. G. Gowing, Didier Alard, Mariet M. Hefting, Carly J. Stevens, Research Institute, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Open University, University of Bergen (UiB), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), University of Bremen, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), and Radboud university [Nijmegen]

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, plant, heathland vegetation, 010501 environmental sciences, seminatural grasslands, 01 natural sciences, deposition, reduced nitrogen, diversity, acidification, Nutrient, Soil pH, Botany, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, species richness, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, biodiversity, 2. Zero hunger, Biomass (ecology), Chemistry, Ecological Modeling, european acidic grasslands, Soil chemistry, terrestrial ecosystems, Aquatic Ecology, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Pollution, nitrogen deposition, nitrogen supply rate, eutrophication, Agronomy, biological nitrification inhibition, oxidised nitrogen, 13. Climate action, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Eutrophication, Deposition (chemistry)
Abstract

International audience; Emissions and deposition of ammonia and nitrogen oxides have strongly increased since the 1950s. This has led to significant changes in the nitrogen (N) cycle, vegetation composition and plant diversity in many ecosystems of high conservation value in Europe. As a consequence of different regional pollution levels and of the increased importance of reduced N in the near future, determining the effect of different forms of N is an important task for understanding the consequences of atmospheric N inputs. We have initiated three replicated N addition experiments in species-rich, acidic grasslands spanning a climatic gradient in the Atlantic biogeographic region of Europe in Norway, Wales and France at sites with low levels of pollution. N was added in two doses (0 and 70 kg N ha−1 year−1 above background) and in three forms (oxidised N, reduced N and a 50–50 combination). After 2.5 years of N additions, the effects of these treatments on plant biomass, plant nutritional status, soil pH and soil nutrient availability were determined. Impacts of the N additions were observed within the 2.5-year research period. In some cases, the first signs of differential effects of N form could also be demonstrated. In the French site, for example, grass biomass was significantly increased by the oxidised N treatments but decreased by the reduced N treatments. In the Norwegian site, the reduced N treatments significantly reduced soil pH, whereas oxidised N did not. Effects on nutrient availability were also observed. These experiments will be continued to elucidate the longer term impacts of N deposition on these grasslands.

Published
2013

7. Variable desiccation tolerance in Acer pseudoplatanus seeds in relation to developmental conditions: a case of phenotypic recalcitrance?

Author

Christopher Mullins, Fabio Gorian, Vigdis Vandvik, Olivier Leprince, Costas A. Thanos, Hazel Cleland, Matthew I. Daws, Paweł Chmielarz, Hugh W. Pritchard, Seed Conservation Department, Royal Botanical Gardens, Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, State Forestry Service, Partenaires INRAE, Physiologie Moléculaire des Semences (PMS), Institut National d'Horticulture-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Angers (UA), University of Aberdeen, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), University of Bergen (UiB), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), and Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National d'Horticulture

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Ecophysiology, CLIMATE CHANGE, Recalcitrant seed, Plant Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Desiccation tolerance, Botany, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, RECALCITRANT SEED, Water content, ERABLE FAUX PLATANE, HEAT SUM, 15. Life on land, Acer pseudoplatanus, biology.organism_classification, FACTEURS CLIMATIQUES, Horticulture, Germination, PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS, Desiccation, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Nine seedlots of the widely planted southern and central European native tree species Acer pseudoplatanus L. were collected along a north - south gradient spanning 21 degrees of latitude in Europe. We investigated how the heat sum during seed development influences seed maturity as assessed by physical, physiological and biochemical traits. Using principal component analysis we found predictable and consistent patterns in all traits, which correlated with heat sum. For example, compared with fruits from their native range ( Italy and France, heat sum > 3000 degrees C d), fruits from the coldest location ( Scotland; heat sum of 1873 degrees C d) were shorter (c. 30 v. 42 mm), germinated over a narrower temperature range ( 5 - 20 v. 5 - 35 degrees C) and had smaller embryos ( 28 v. > 70 mg) with a higher water content ( c. 63 v. 48%), less negative solute potentials ( c. - 2.4 v. - 4.1 MPa) and were more desiccation sensitive ( critical water potential of - 20.2 v. - 55.4 to - 60.7 MPa). The observed level of desiccation-tolerance for the French and Italian seedlots is more consistent with the intermediate category than the previous classification of A. pseudoplatanus as recalcitrant. Our results demonstrate that a lower heat sum causes fruits from northern Europe to be dispersed before maximum potential seed quality is achieved

Published
2006

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