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1. The architecture and metabolic traits of monospecific photosynthetic biofilms studied in a custom flow‐through system

Author

Andrea Fanesi, Thierry Martin, Cyril Breton, Olivier Bernard, Romain Briandet, Filipa Lopes, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux (LGPM), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay, Biological control of artificial ecosystems (BIOCORE), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and ANR-20-CE43-0008,PhotobiofilmExplorer,PhotobiofilmExplorer(2020)

Subjects
Microscopy, Confocal, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Chlorophyll A, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], flow cell, Bioengineering, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, FTIR spectroscopy, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], OCT, Biofilms, PAM, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, CLSM, Tomography, Optical Coherence, Biotechnology, microalgae biofilms
Abstract

International audience; Microalgae biofilms have a great ecological importance and a high biotechnological potential. Nevertheless, an in-depth and combined structural (i.e. the architecture of the biofilm) and physiological characterization of microalgae biofilms is still missing. An approach able to provide at the same time physiological and structural information during biofilm growth would be of paramount importance to understand these complex biological systems and to optimize their productivity. In this study, monospecific biofilms of a diatom and a green alga were grown under dynamic conditions in custom flow cells represented by UV/Vis spectroscopic cuvettes. Such flow cells were conceived to characterize the biofilms by several techniques mostly in situ and in a non-destructive way. Physiological traits were obtained measuring variable chlorophyll a fluorescence by pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry (PAM) and by scanning the biofilms in a spectrometer to obtain in vivo pigments spectral signatures. The architectural features were obtained by imaging the biofilms with a confocal scanning laser microscope (CLSM) and an optical coherence tomograph (OCT). Overall, this experimental setup allowed us to follow the growth of two biofilm-forming microalgae showing that cell physiology is more affected in complex biofilms likely as a consequence of alterations in local environmental conditions.

Published
2022
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2. Safety and preliminary efficacy of allogeneic bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells for systemic sclerosis: a single-centre, open-label, dose-escalation, proof-of-concept, phase 1/2 study

Author

Dominique Farge, Séverine Loisel, Matthieu Resche-Rigon, Pauline Lansiaux, Ines Colmegna, David Langlais, Catney Charles, Grégory Pugnet, Alexandre Thibault Jacques Maria, Emmanuel Chatelus, Thierry Martin, Eric Hachulla, Vissal David Kheav, Nathalie C Lambert, HanChen Wang, David Michonneau, Christophe Martinaud, Luc Sensebé, Audrey Cras, Karin Tarte, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Recherche clinique appliquée à l'hématologie (URP_3518), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Microenvironment and B-cells: Immunopathology,Cell Differentiation, and Cancer (MOBIDIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Etablissement français du sang [Rennes] (EFS Bretagne)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Etablissement français du sang [Rennes] (EFS Bretagne), Service de biostatistique et information médicale de l’hôpital Saint Louis (Equipe ECSTRA) (SBIM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut national du cancer [Boulogne] (INCA)-Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), CHU Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), CHU Strasbourg, CHU Lille, Arthrites autoimmunes (AA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées (CTSA), Service de Santé des Armées, STROMALab, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement Français du Sang-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Innovations thérapeutiques en hémostase = Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis (IThEM - U1140), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), French Ministry of Health ( National Hospital Clinical Research Program [AOM 11-250], Directorate of Health Care Supply, French Association Capucine under Societe Francophone de Greffe de Moelle et de Therapie Cellulaire, Fonds de Dotation de l'AFER pour la Recherche Medicale, Infrastructure Program Ecell France [ANR-11-INBS-0005]. INSERM, ANR-11-INBS-0005,ECELLFRANCE,Développement d'une Plateforme Nationale pour la médecine régénératrice(2011), Chard-Hutchinson, Xavier, Infrastructures - Développement d'une Plateforme Nationale pour la médecine régénératrice - - ECELLFRANCE2011 - ANR-11-INBS-0005 - INBS - VALID, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement Français du Sang-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Innovations thérapeutiques en hémostase (IThEM - U1140)

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.MHEP.RSOA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, Rheumatology, [SDV.MHEP.RSOA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
Abstract

International audience; Background:Systemic sclerosis remains an orphan life-threatening autoimmune disease. The unique immunomodulatory, proangiogenic, and antifibrotic properties of mesenchymal stromal cells provide a strong rationale for mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapy for systemic sclerosis, and treatment with mesenchymal stromal cells has shown benefits in preclinical models of this disease. The safety of allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell administration in patients with severe systemic sclerosis has not yet been established. We aimed to test the safety and feasibility of a single intravenous injection of intrafamilial allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells to treat severe diffuse systemic sclerosis.Methods:We did an open-label, dose-escalation, proof-of-concept, phase 1/2 study at Saint-Louis-Hospital, Paris, France. Eligible patients were aged 18–70 years with severe diffuse systemic sclerosis, who fulfilled the 2013 American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism systemic sclerosis criteria, had a minimum modified Rodnan skin score of 15 (range 0–51), had severe lung, heart, or kidney involvement, and had inadequate response or contraindications to conventional immunosuppressive therapy or autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Patients with severe comorbidities were excluded. The first ten recipients were to receive a single intravenous infusion of 1 × 106 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells per kg bodyweight, and the subsequent ten recipients were to be infused with a single dose of 3 × 106 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells per kg bodyweight. The primary endpoint was immediate tolerance during infusion and within the first 10 days after infusion, measured as the occurrence of serious adverse events (grade 3 or higher) in all infused patients. Safety was assessed in all participants during the 24-month follow-up period. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02213705.Findings:Between March 24, 2014, and Jan 6, 2020, 20 cisgender individuals (13 women and seven men) with severe diffuse systemic sclerosis were enrolled. All 20 patients were included in the primary outcome analysis. No infusion-related severe adverse events and three infusion-related adverse events occurred in the first 10 days after treatment; one patient had grade 1 flushing and another patient had grade 1 nausea and grade 2 asthenia. After ten days and up to a median follow-up of 24·1 months (IQR 20·8–24·5), 36 non-treatment-related severe adverse events in 14 (70%) patients and no treatment-related adverse event were reported.Interpretation:A single infusion of allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells was safe in patients with severe diffuse systemic sclerosis. Future placebo-controlled trials will help to definitively ascertain the efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cell-based cell therapy from various tissue sources in larger number of patients with systemic sclerosis.

Published
2022
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3. Delta-T noise for fractional quantum Hall states at different filling factor

Author

Giacomo Rebora, Jérôme Rech, Dario Ferraro, Thibaut Jonckheere, Thierry Martin, Maura Sassetti, Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CPT - E6 Nanophysique, and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]
Abstract

The current fluctuations due to a temperature bias, i.e. the delta-$T$ noise, allow one to access properties of strongly interacting systems which cannot be addressed by the usual voltage-induced noise. In this work, we study the full delta-$T$ noise between two different fractional quantum Hall edge states, with filling factors $(\nu_L,\nu_R)$ in the Laughlin sequence, coupled through a quantum point contact and connected to two reservoirs at different temperatures. We are able to solve exactly the problem for all couplings and for any set of temperatures in the specific case of an hybrid junction $(1/3,1)$. Moreover, we derive a universal analytical expression which connects the delta-$T$ noise to the equilibrium one valid for all generic pairs $(\nu_L,\nu_R)$ up to the first order in the temperature mismatch. We expect that the linear term can be accessible in nowadays experimental set-ups. We describe the two opposite coupling regimes focusing on the strong one which correspond to a non-trivial situation. Our analysis on delta-$T$ noise allows us to better understand the transport properties of strongly interacting systems and to move toward more involved investigation concerning the statistics and scaling dimension of their emergent excitations., Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures

Published
2022
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4. Biomass production and physiology of Chlorella vulgaris during the early stages of immobilized state are affected by light intensity and inoculum cell density

Author

Su Fang Li, Andrea Fanesi, Thierry Martin, Filipa Lopes, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux (LGPM), and CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Chlorella vulgaris, Biomass, Photosynthesis, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Macromolecular composition, 03 medical and health sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Microalgae biofilms, 010608 biotechnology, FTIR-spectroscopy, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Food science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Chemistry, Biofilm, Light intensity, Membrane, Productivity (ecology), Photosynthetic activity, Composition (visual arts), Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

The interest for biofilm-based systems for microalgae and related compounds production has been increasing lately. Although extensive literature has been reported on productivity, the physiological characterization (photosynthetic activity and composition) of attached cells at early stages of biofilm development has seldom been investigated. In this work, the effect of light intensity and inoculum cell density on 3-days Chlorella vulgaris biofilms developed on membranes was studied. Biomass production was clearly impacted by mechanism of photo-limitation occurring in biofilms acclimated to low light intensity (50 μmol m−2 s−1). A higher electron transport capacity and lower chlorophyll content in biofilms at high light intensity (500 μmol m−2 s−1) were also measured which are in line with patterns observed for suspended microalgae cultures. In addition, optimal conditions in terms of light (250 μmol m−2 s−1) combined with low (4.8 × 106 cells cm−2) or high inoculum density (28.8 × 106 cells cm−2) were identified to optimize biomass and lipids production, respectively. On the whole, measuring physiological profiles of immobilized cells at the initial stages of biofilm development provides information to efficiently operate and optimize biofilm-based systems.

Published
2021
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5. Developmental partitioning of SYK and ZAP70 prevents autoimmunity and cancer

Author

Zhengshan Chen, Maike Buchner, Kadriye Nehir Cosgun, Pauline Soulas-Sprauel, Nora Heisterkamp, Veronika Ecker, Lars Klemm, Anne Marie Knapp, Joo Y. Song, Friedemann Kiefer, Supraja Saravanakumar, Markus Müschen, Thierry Martin, Mark Robinson, Hassan Jumaa, Vu N. Ngo, Dana Ghergus, Tanya Siddiqi, Kohei Kume, Laura Oksa, Mickaël Martin, Teresa Sadras, Jevon Cutler, Lili Wang, Janet Winchester, Eric Meffre, Gal Lenz, Wing C. Chan, Jürgen Ruland, Akhilesh Pandey, Immunopathologie et chimie thérapeutique (ICT), Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Immuno-Rhumatologie Moléculaire, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Tampere University, and Clinical Medicine

Subjects
Lymphoma, B-Cell, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B-cell receptor, Antigens, CD19, Syk, Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell, Autoimmunity, Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Negative selection, Mice, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, 0302 clinical medicine, Neoplasms, medicine, Immune Tolerance, Animals, Humans, Syk Kinase, Molecular Biology, B cell, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, B-Lymphocytes, ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase, Models, Genetic, NFATC Transcription Factors, ZAP70, B cell selection, breakpoint cluster region, Cell Differentiation, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Neoplasm Proteins, Enzyme Activation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Cancer research, Calcium, 3111 Biomedicine, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Protein Binding, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Even though SYK and ZAP70 kinases share high sequence homology and serve analogous functions, their expression in B and T cells is strictly segregated throughout evolution. Here, we identified aberrant ZAP70 expression as a common feature in a broad range of B cell malignancies. We validated SYK as the kinase that sets the thresholds for negative selection of autoreactive and premalignant clones. When aberrantly expressed in B cells, ZAP70 competes with SYK at the BCR signalosome and redirects SYK from negative selection to tonic PI3K signaling, thereby promoting B cell survival. In genetic mouse models for B-ALL and B-CLL, conditional expression of Zap70 accelerated disease onset, while genetic deletion impaired malignant transformation. Inducible activation of Zap70 during B cell development compromised negative selection of autoreactive B cells, resulting in pervasive autoantibody production. Strict segregation of the two kinases is critical for normal B cell selection and represents a central safeguard against the development of autoimmune disease and B cell malignancies. acceptedVersion

Published
2021
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6. Clinical spectrum and therapeutic management of auto-immune myelofibrosis: a nation-wide study of 30 cases

Author

Stéphane Durupt, Emmanuel Forestier, Alban Deroux, Laurent Hudier, Emmanuel Ledoult, Nicolas Noel, Martin Killian, Olivier Lambotte, Marc Pineton de Chambrun, Anne Sophie Morin, Emilie Chalayer, Audrey Gorse, Laurent Chiche, Pascal Cathébras, Thierry Martin, Philippe Mertz, Jean Sibilia, Zahir Amoura, Claire Lecomte, Jacques-Eric Gottenberg, Louis Terriou, Nathalie Coestedoat, C. Martinez, Laurent Arnaud, Anne-Sophie Korganow, A. Mathian, Elisabeth Diot, Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Immuno-Rhumatologie Moléculaire, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de Référence des Maladies Auto-immunes et Systémiques Rares Est Sud Ouest (CNR RESO), Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), Santé Ingénierie Biologie Saint-Etienne (SAINBIOSE), Centre Ingénierie et Santé (CIS-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Européen [Fondation Ambroise Paré - Marseille], Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Hôpital Michallon, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Université de Tours (UT), Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre Hospitalier Métropole Savoie [Chambéry], CH de Saint-Malo [Broussais], AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Immunologie des Maladies Virales et Autoimmunes (IMVA - U1184), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Médipole Hôpital Mutualiste Villeurbanne, CHU Lille, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation - U 1286 (INFINITE (Ex-Liric)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Hôpital Jean Verdier [AP-HP], and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)

Subjects
business.industry, MEDLINE, Aucun, [SDV.MHEP.HEM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, Hematology, Bioinformatics, medicine.disease, Auto immune, Primary Myelofibrosis, Humans, Medicine, Letters to the Editor, business, Myelofibrosis
Abstract

International audience; No abstract available

Published
2021
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7. Interleukin 6 receptor inhibition in primary Sjögren syndrome: a multicentre double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial

Author

Christophe Richez, S. Rist, Christelle Sordet, Valérie Devauchelle-Pensec, Aleth Perdriger, Jacques Morel, Azeddine Dellal, Claire Larroche, Alain Saraux, Carine Salliot, Arsène Mekinian, Raphaèle Seror, Philippe Dieudé, Jean Sibilia, David Saadoun, Thierry Martin, Renaud Felten, Eric Hachulla, Charles Zarnitsky, Emanuelle Dernis, A. Contis, P. Kieffer, Patrice Cacoub, Jean-Marie Berthelot, Mira Y Tawk, Olivier Vittecoq, Lise Holterbach, Ouafaa Aberkane, Véronique Le Guern, Gilles Blaison, Nicolas Meyer, Cécile Arnold, Emmanuel Chatelus, François Maurier, Hatron Pierre Yves, Emmanuel Andrès, Pierre Duffau, Xavier Mariette, Jacques-Eric Gottenberg, Service de rhumatologie [Strasbourg], CHU Strasbourg-Hôpital de Hautepierre [Strasbourg], CHRU Brest - Service de Rhumatologie (CHU - BREST - Rhumato), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Service de Rhumatologie [CHU Bicêtre], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de médecine interne et maladies infectieuses [Bordeaux], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Saint-André, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de médecine interne [Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans (CHRO), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Médecine Interne [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Service de rhumatologie [CHU Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Service de rhumatologie [Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-Hôtel-Dieu-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Service de Rhumatologie [CH Le Mans], Centre Hospitalier Le Mans (CH Le Mans), Service de médecine interne et centre de référence des maladies rares [CHU Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Service de médecine interne [Avicenne], Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, CHU Strasbourg, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre Hôpital Jacques Monod (MONTIVILLIERS) (GHH), CH Colmar, Centre Hospitalier Emile Muller [Mulhouse] (CH E.Muller Mulhouse), Groupe Hospitalier de Territoire Haute Alsace (GHTHA), Hôpital Sainte Blandine, Groupe Hospitalier Intercommunal Le Raincy-Montfermeil, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Immunology, Population, Placebo-controlled study, Placebo, Severity of Illness Index, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Double blind, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Tocilizumab, Double-Blind Method, Rheumatology, Internal medicine, medicine, Clinical endpoint, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, 030212 general & internal medicine, 10. No inequality, education, Primary Sjögren Syndrome, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Middle Aged, Receptors, Interleukin-6, cytokines, 3. Good health, chemistry, [SDV.MHEP.RSOA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, Sjogren's syndrome, biological therapy, Interleukin-6 receptor, Female, business
Abstract

ObjectivesNo immunomodulatory drug has been approved for primary Sjögren’s syndrome, a systemic autoimmune disease affecting 0.1% of the population. To demonstrate the efficacy of targeting interleukin 6 receptor in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome-related systemic complications.MethodsMulticentre double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial between 24 July 2013 and 16 July 2018, with a follow-up of 44 weeks, involving 17 referral centres. Inclusion criteria were primary Sjögren’s syndrome according to American European Consensus Group criteria and score ≥5 for the EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease activity Index (ESSDAI, score of systemic complications). Patients were randomised to receive either 6 monthly infusions of tocilizumab or placebo. The primary endpoint was response to treatment at week 24. Response to treatment was defined by the combination of (1) a decrease of at least 3 points in the ESSDAI, (2) no occurrence of moderate or severe activity in any new domain of the ESSDAI and (3) lack of worsening in physician’s global assessment on a Visual Numeric Scale ≥1/10, all as compared with enrolment.Results110 patients were randomised, 55 patients to tocilizumab (mean (SD) age: 50.9 (12.4) years; women: 98.2%) and 55 patients to placebo (54.8 (10.7) years; 90.9%). At 24 weeks, the proportion of patients meeting the primary endpoint was 52.7% (29/55) in the tocilizumab group and 63.6% (35/55) in the placebo group, for a difference of −11.4% (95% credible interval −30.6 to 9.0) (Pr[Toc >Pla]=0.14).ConclusionAmong patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome, the use of tocilizumab did not improve systemic involvement and symptoms over 24 weeks of treatment compared with placebo.Trial registration numberNCT01782235.

Published
2021
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8. Andreev reflection of fractional quantum Hall quasiparticles

Author

Koji Muraki, Satoshi Sasaki, Takafumi Akiho, Jérôme Rech, Thibaut Jonckheere, Masayuki Hashisaka, Thierry Martin, NTT Basic Research Laboratories [Atsugi], NTT Corporation, CPT - E6 Nanophysique, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Science, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Quantum Hall, Quantum Hall effect, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Andreev reflection, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Electronic devices, Topological insulators, 010306 general physics, Quantum, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Physics, Superconductivity, Charge conservation, Multidisciplinary, Condensed matter physics, Electronic correlation, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Charge (physics), General Chemistry, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Quasiparticle
Abstract

Electron correlation in a quantum many-body state appears as peculiar scattering behaviour at its boundary, symbolic of which is Andreev reflection at a metal-superconductor interface. Despite being fundamental in nature, dictated by the charge conservation law, however, the process has had no analogues outside the realm of superconductivity so far. Here, we report the observation of an Andreev-like process originating from a topological quantum many-body effect instead of superconductivity. A narrow junction between fractional and integer quantum Hall states shows a two-terminal conductance exceeding that of the constituent fractional state. This remarkable behaviour, while theoretically predicted more than two decades ago but not detected to date, can be interpreted as Andreev reflection of fractionally charged quasiparticles. The observed fractional quantum Hall Andreev reflection provides a fundamental picture that captures microscopic charge dynamics at the boundaries of topological quantum many-body states., 13 pages, 4 figures, and supplementary information

Published
2021
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9. Characteristics of patients with systemic sclerosis suffering from a lower limb amputation: Results of a French collaborative study

Author

Sabine Berthier, Sophie Skopinski, Benjamin Chaigne, Elisabeth Diot, David Launay, Sébastien Sanges, B. Thoreau, Thierry Martin, Audrey Benyamine, Brigitte Granel, Elisabeth Jouve, Luc Mouthon, J. Bertolino, Pascal Rossi, Grégory Pugnet, Christian Agard, Alexis Régent, Aurélie Achille, Hôpital Nord [CHU - APHM], Service de dermatologie Hôpital Saint-André Bordeaux, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), CHU Trousseau [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), CHU Lille, CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Strasbourg, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation - U 1286 (INFINITE (Ex-Liric)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], and CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, macrovascular disease, Lower limb, DISEASE, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Rheumatology, Lower limb amputation, Internal medicine, amputation, pulmonary arterial hypertension, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Macrovascular disease, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, RISK, DIGITAL ULCERS, business.industry, Original Articles, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, PREVALENCE, Microvascular Network, Amputation, Cardiology, Systemic sclerosis, lower limb, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

Objective: Systemic sclerosis mainly affects the microvascular network. However, macrovascular manifestations have been reported. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of systemic sclerosis patients with an amputation of a lower limb segment. Methods: We designed a retrospective, case–control, multicentric study on systemic sclerosis patients with amputation of a lower limb segment secondary to critical ischemia via the French Research Group on Systemic Sclerosis. For each case, a control (systemic sclerosis patient without lower limb symptom) was matched with sex, age (±5 years), and cutaneous subset of systemic sclerosis. Results: In total, 26 systemic sclerosis patients (mean age of 67.2 ± 10.9 years, 20 females, 21 limited cutaneous forms) with a lower limb amputation and 26 matched controls (mean age of 67.3 ± 11.2 years, 20 females, 22 limited cutaneous forms) were included. At the time of amputation, the mean disease duration was 12.8 (±8.6) years. In comparison to controls, systemic sclerosis patients with amputation had more digital ulcers (p = 0.048), history of digital ulcers (p = 0.026), and a higher prevalence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (p = 0.024). Systemic sclerosis patients with amputation were more often smokers (p = 0.008) and under corticosteroids (p = 0.015). In the multivariate model, pulmonary arterial hypertension, smoking status, and corticosteroids were independent markers associated with lower limb amputation in systemic sclerosis. In the follow-up, 10 patients (38.5%) had recurrent ischemia requiring a new limb amputation, and five patients (19.2%) had an amputation of the contralateral limb. Conclusion: This study identifies some markers associated with lower limb amputation in systemic sclerosis such as digital ulcers and pulmonary arterial hypertension and points out the high risk associated with tobacco consumption and corticosteroid use.

Published
2020
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10. Worldwide trends in all-cause mortality of auto-immune systemic diseases between 2001 and 2014

Author

Alain Meyer, Christophe Richez, Thierry Martin, Emmanuel Chatelus, Marc Scherlinger, Laurent Arnaud, Christelle Sordet, Hervé Devillers, Renaud Felten, Flora Sagez, Vincent Poindron, Rose-Marie Javier, Thierry Schaeverbeke, Jean Sibilia, Aurélien Guffroy, Patrick Blanco, Marie-Elise Truchetet, Anne-Sophie Korganow, Philippe Mertz, Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire (MSP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Immuno-Rhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Immunopathologie et chimie thérapeutique (ICT), Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Internationality, Immunology, Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis, Disease, Autoimmune Diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, 0302 clinical medicine, Mixed connective tissue disease, Internal medicine, Cause of Death, Epidemiology, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Poisson regression, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, Scleroderma, Systemic, Myositis, business.industry, Mortality rate, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Sjogren's Syndrome, symbols, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, business, Vasculitis, All cause mortality
Abstract

To describe changes in the 2001-2014 mortality of 6 autoimmune systemic diseases (AISDs), namely Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Systemic Sclerosis (SSc), Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIM), Sjögren's Syndrome (SS), Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) and ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) at the country-, continent-, and world-levels.Mortality data were retrieved from the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database for each disease, based on ICD-10 codes. We computed age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) as the estimated number of deaths per million inhabitants and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI). The association between gender, geographical areas and disease-specific mortality was analyzed using multivariate Poisson regression. The 2001-2014 temporal trends were analyzed using Jointpoint software.In 2014, the worldwide ASMR for SLE was 2.68 (95%CI: 2.62-2.75) deaths/millions inhabitants, 1.46 (1.42-1.51) for SSc, 0.47 (0.44-0.49) for IIM, 0.17 (0.15-0.18) for SS, 0.11 (0.10-0.13) for MCTD and 0.53 (0.50-0.56) for AAV, with ASMRs generally lower in Europe than in North America, Latin America and Asia. Between 2001 and 2014, the worldwide ASMR decreased significantly for SSc (-0.71%/year), IIM (-1.65%/year) and AAV (-1.01%/year; p .001 for all) and increased for SS (+1.53%/year, p = .01). The worldwide ASMR of SLE decreased significantly between 2001 and 2003 (-6.37%, p .05) before increasing slightly between 2004 and 2014 (+0.58%, p .01).We observed a strong heterogeneity of standardized mortality rates across all countries analyzed for 6 autoimmune diseases. Those results further highlight the impact of world-wide inequities and major gaps in access to care and strategies for diagnosis and management of rare diseases, a crucial finding for world-wide physicians, patient associations and policy makers.

Published
2020
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11. 'Idiopathic Eosinophilic Vasculitis': Another Side of Hypereosinophilic Syndrome? A Comprehensive Analysis of 117 Cases in Asthma-Free Patients

Author

Marie-Christine Copin, Thierry Martin, Guillaume Lefèvre, Matthieu Groh, Jean-Baptiste Gibier, Marc Lambert, François Pontana, Pierre-Yves Hatron, Myriam Labalette, Jean-François Viallard, Delphine Staumont-Sallé, F. Dezoteux, Chafika Morati-Hafsaoui, Eric Hachulla, Benjamin Lopez, Pascal DeGroote, Thomas Quemeneur, Jean-Emmanuel Kahn, Mohamed Hamidou, Amélie Leurs, Louis Terriou, Nicolas Etienne, Cécile Chenivesse, David Launay, Nicolas Schleinitz, Centre de Référence National des Syndromes Hyperéosinophiliques (CEREO), CHU Lille, Institut d'Immunologie [CHRU Lille], Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique [CHU Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre National de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U 995 (LIRIC), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Université de Lille, Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies liées au Vieillissement - U 1167 (RID-AGE), Centre hospitalier [Valenciennes, Nord], Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Hôpital Haut-Lévêque [CHU Bordeaux], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes, Nouvel Hôpital Civil de Strasbourg, Centre Hospitalier Annecy-Genevois [Saint-Julien-en-Genevois], Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], and univOAK, Archive ouverte

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Eosinophilic disorder, Aucun, Hypereosinophilia, Hypereosinophilic syndrome, Gastroenterology, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Necrotizing Vasculitis, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, 030212 general & internal medicine, Arteritis, business.industry, Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, medicine.disease, Eosinophilic vasculitis, 030228 respiratory system, [SDV.MHEP.PSR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, medicine.symptom, Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, business, Vasculitis, Cerebral vasculitis
Abstract

International audience; Background: The absence of asthma may rule out a diagnosis of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis in patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) and features of vasculitis.Objective: To describe eosinophilic vasculitis (EoV) as a possible manifestation of HES in asthma-free patients.Methods: We screened our hospital database and the literature for patients with HES who met the following 4 criteria: (1) histopathological or clinical features of EoV (biopsy-proven vasculitis with predominant eosinophilic infiltration of the vessel wall and/or features of vasculitis with tissue and/or blood hypereosinophilia [absolute eosinophil count >1.5 G/L]); (2) no other obvious causes of reactive eosinophilia, organ damage, and vasculitis; (3) the absence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies; and (4) the absence of current asthma.Results: Ten of our 83 (12%) asthma-free patients with HES and 107 additional cases in the literature met the criteria for EoV. After a critical analysis of the patients' clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcomes, we identified 41 cases of single-organ EoV (coronary arteritis, n = 29; temporal arteritis, n = 8; cerebral vasculitis, n = 4). Of the remaining 76 patients with EoV, the most frequent manifestations (>10%) were cutaneous vasculitis (56%), peripheral neuropathy (24%), thromboangiitis obliterans-like disease (16%), fever (13%), central nervous system involvement (13%), deep venous thrombosis (12%), and nonasthma lung manifestations (12%). Blood hypereosinophilia more than 1.5 G/L was observed in 79% of patients, and necrotizing vasculitis was observed in 44%.Conclusions: Our results suggest that idiopathic EoV (HES-associated vasculitis) can be classified as an eosinophilic-rich, necrotizing, systemic form of vasculitis that affects vessels of various sizes in asthma-free patients.

Published
2020
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12. Shear stress computation in a millimeter thin flat panel photobioreactor: Numerical design validated by experiments

Author

Joel Casalinho, Victor Pozzobon, François Puel, Wenbiao Jiang, Thierry Martin, Patrick Perré, Wendie Levasseur, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux (LGPM), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay, SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Materials science, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Bubble, Computation, Nozzle, Biomedical Engineering, Photobioreactor, Bioengineering, Chlorella, Shadowgraphy, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Models, Biological, 03 medical and health sciences, Photobioreactors, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 010608 biotechnology, Drug Discovery, Homogeneity (physics), Shear stress, Microalgae, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Process Chemistry and Technology, General Medicine, Mechanics, Molecular Medicine, Millimeter, Stress, Mechanical, Biotechnology, Scenedesmus
Abstract

International audience; Flat panels are the most spread type of photobioreactors for studying light effects on a microalgae culture. Their low thickness, usually between 1 and 3 cm, aims at ensuring light homogeneity across the culture. Yet because optical density has to remain very low, studies are still limited to low cell density cultures. To alleviate this problem, even thinner photobioreactors can be designed. Nevertheless, thin flat panel reactors are very prone to induce high shear stress. This work aimed at designing a new millimeter thin panel photobioreactor to study light effects on Chlorella and Scenedesmus genera. We proposed a numerical workflow that is capable of assessing the shear stress intensity in such a reactor. The numerical predictions were validated at three different levels: 2D preliminary simulations were able to reproduce bubble commonly known behaviors; close to the nozzle, the predictions were successfully confronted to shadowgraphy experimental reference; at the mini bioreactor scale, experimental and numerical mixing were found to be close. After these throughout validations, shear stress intensity in the photobioreactor was calculated over 1000 Lagrangian tracers. The experienced shear stress was agglomerated at the population level. From the computed shear stress, it was possible to choose the minimal reactor thickness that would not hinder cell growth.

Published
2020
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13. Evidence of Majorana fermions in the noise characteristic of normal metal–topological superconductor junctions

Author

Jérôme Rech, Laurent Raymond, Alex Zazunov, Thibaut Jonckheere, Thierry Martin, Reinhold Egger, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CPT - E6 Nanophysique, and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Superconductivity, Nanowire, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Fermion, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Topology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], MAJORANA, symbols.namesake, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Bound state, symbols, General Materials Science, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics), Voltage, Majorana fermion
Abstract

International audience; A finite topological superconductor nanowire bears a Majorana fermion at its ends, leading to unique transport properties when connected to normal metal leads. We consider in this review two theoretical proposals based on noise measurements in normal metal–topological superconductor junctions. The first one considers a Hanbury Brown and Twiss setup where a topological superconductor is connected to two normal metal leads. The second proposal deals with the finite frequency noise of a single normal metal–topological superconductor junction. Both are computed using a unified framework of non equilibrium Keldysh Green’s functions using a Hamiltonian approach. Calculations are performed non-perturbatively in the tunnel hopping parameter and address both subgap and above gap regimes. Concerning the Hanbury Brown and Twiss setup, we find in the subgap case that when the two normal metal leads are biased with equal voltage, the noise crossed correlations are negative, as in the case of a three terminal normal metal junction. On the other hand when subgap voltages are opposite, the noise crossed correlations are positive. Predictions when the two Majoranas at the end of the topological superconductors hybridize, and when the chemical potential of the topological superconductor drives the system out of the topological phase are discussed. In the second proposal, the finite frequency emission and absorption noises are computed for a single junction. We observe noticeable structures in these quantities, related to simple transport processes involving the Majorana bound state. Both results offer an original tool for the further characterization of the presence of Majorana bound states in condensed matter systems.

Published
2020
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14. Association of antiphospholipid antibodies with active digital ulceration in systemic sclerosis

Author

Jean-Christophe Weber, Vincent Poindron, Jean-Loup Pennaforte, Gilles Blaison, Denis Wahl, C. Martinez, Nadine Magy-Bertrand, Philip Bielefeld, Pierre Kieffer, Bernard Bonnotte, Hervé Devilliers, Sabine Berthier, Thierry Martin, Laurent Arnaud, Mickael Martin, François Maurier, Médecine interne [ Poitiers], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Médecine interne [Hôpitaux civils de Colmar], Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, Service de rhumatologie [Strasbourg], CHU Strasbourg-Hôpital de Hautepierre [Strasbourg], Centre National de Référence pour les Maladies Auto-immunes Rares [CHU Strasbourg] (RESO), CHU Strasbourg, Médecine interne [CHU Strasbourg], Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique (DMIIC - STRASBOURG), Médecine interne [CH Emile Muller, Mulhouse], Centre Hospitalier Emile Muller [Mulhouse] (CH E.Muller Mulhouse), Groupe Hospitalier de Territoire Haute Alsace (GHTHA)-Groupe Hospitalier de Territoire Haute Alsace (GHTHA), Service de médecine interne et immunologie clinique (SOC 1) [CHU de Dijon], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Service de Médecine Interne et Vasculaire [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Centre régional de compétence des Maladies systémiques et auto-immunes rares de l'adulte et Maladies vasculaires rares, Faculté de Médecine [Nancy], Université de Lorraine (UL), Service de Médecine Interne [CHR Metz-Thionville], Centre hospitalier régional Metz-Thionville (CHR Metz-Thionville), Service de Rhumatologie [Reims], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Service de médecine interne (Med Int - BESANCON), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), and WEBER, JEAN-CHRISTOPHE

Subjects
Male, Raynaud’s phenomenon, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Informed consent, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, skin and connective tissue diseases, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Gangrene, [SDV.MHEP.RSOA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, integumentary system, biology, antiphospholipid antibodies, Interstitial lung disease, Middle Aged, Pathophysiology, 3. Good health, [SDV.MHEP.RSOA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, Antibodies, Antiphospholipid, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, Disease Susceptibility, Antibody, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Immunology, digital ulcer, Systemic Sclerosis, Fingers, 03 medical and health sciences, Rheumatology, Antiphospholipid syndrome, Internal medicine, Skin Ulcer, Humans, Aged, Autoantibodies, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, Autoimmune disease, Scleroderma, Systemic, business.industry, medicine.disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, biology.protein, business, antiphospholipid syndrome, Biomarkers
Abstract

Key messages #### What is already known about this subject? #### What does this study add? #### How might this impact on clinical practice? Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) can be severe with active digital ulceration (ADU) and gangrene. RP physiopathology includes early endothelial cell injury, vascular dysfunction and sometimes microvascular thrombosis.1 Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) activate endothelial cells and platelets by complexes of beta-2 glycoprotein 1 (β2GP1) and anti-β2GP12 and could therefore contribute to the initiation of and/or aggravate SSc-related RP. aPL prevalence seems increased in patients with SSc compared with controls,3 but aPL-associated clinical features are often contradictory. The aims of this study were to assess aPL and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) prevalence in patients with SSc and their association with ADU. Consecutive patients aged more than 18 years, fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology/EULAR classification criteria for SSc4 and followed in seven French expert centres for autoimmune diseases labelled by the French national network for autoimmune disease care, were enrolled prospectively during 8 months. Patients with other associated autoimmune disease were excluded. All patients provided written informed consent. SSc subtype was classified based on LeRoy and Medsger’s criteria,5 and skin involvement was assessed according to the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS).6 Interstitial lung disease …

Published
2019
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15. Levitons in superconducting point contacts

Author

Maura Sassetti, Matteo Acciai, Thibaut Jonckheere, Dario Ferraro, Flavio Ronetti, Thierry Martin, Jérôme Rech, Dipartimeto di Fisica (Università di Genova), Università di Genova, Departement de Physique Théorique [Genève], Université de Genève (UNIGE), Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CPT - E6 Nanophysique, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
Superconductivity, Quantum optics, Physics, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Supercurrent, Quantum point contact, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Adiabatic process, Noise (radio), [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Voltage
Abstract

We investigate the transport properties of a superconducting quantum point contact in the presence of an arbitrary periodic drive. In particular, we calculate the dc current and noise in the tunnel limit, obtaining general expressions in terms of photoassisted probabilities. Interesting features can be observed when the frequency is comparable to the gap. Here, we show that quantized Lorentzian pulses minimize the excess noise, further strengthening the hierarchy among different periodic drives observed in the electron quantum optics domain. In this regime, the excess noise is directly connected to the overlap between electron and hole energy distributions driven out of equilibrium by the applied voltage. In the adiabatic limit, where the frequency of the drive is very small compared to the superconducting gap, we recover the conventional Shapiro-spikes physics in the supercurrent., 9 pages, 5 figures

Published
2019
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16. Anti-Ku syndrome with elevated CK and anti-Ku syndrome with anti-dsDNA are two distinct entities with different outcomes

Author

Romain Kessler, Lionel Spielmann, Aurélien Guffroy, Emmanuel Andrès, Jean Sibilia, Vincent Poindron, Benoit Nespola, Thierry Martin, Alain Meyer, Bernard Geny, François Severac, Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanomédecine Régénérative (NanoRegMed), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Immunopathologie et chimie thérapeutique (ICT), Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Immuno-Rhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire (MSP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Immunology, Disease, Polymyositis, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Mixed connective tissue disease, Rheumatology, Internal medicine, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, 030304 developmental biology, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, 0303 health sciences, biology, business.industry, Undifferentiated connective tissue disease, Autoantibody, Glomerulonephritis, Dermatomyositis, medicine.disease, biology.protein, Creatine kinase, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

ObjectiveTo refine the spectrum of anti-Ku-associated disease, a condition that is equivocally described by current diagnostic criteria for connective tissue diseases.MethodsAmong 42 consecutive patients harbouring anti-Ku antibodies, subgroups with similar phenotypes and prognosis were delineated without an a priori diagnosis using hierarchical clustering analysis of the cumulative clinico-biological features recorded during the follow-up. Features present at baseline that most efficiently predicted the outcomes were then identified using a sensitivity–specificity sum maximisation approach.ResultsClinico-biological features were clustered into three groups. Glomerulonephritis and ILD, the two fatal complications in this cohort, were unequally distributed between the three clusters that additionally differed on six clinico-biological features.Among features present at baseline, elevated serum level of creatine kinase (CK) and anti-dsDNA antibodies were generally mutually exclusive and most efficiently predicted the cluster belonging at last follow-up. Anti-Ku patients with elevated CK had a 22-fold higher risk of ILD while anti-Ku patients with anti-dsDNA antibodies had a 13-fold higher risk of glomerulonephritisConclusion“Anti-Ku with elevated CK” syndrome and “anti-Ku with anti-dsDNA” syndrome represent two distinct entities that are important to recognise in order to best tailor patient care.

Published
2019
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17. Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) in autoimmune disease adult patients in France: analysis of the long-term outcome from the French Society for Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC)

Author

Christophe Deligny, Manuela Badoglio, Christophe Seinturier, Laure Swiader, Zora Marjanovic, Dominique Farge, Grégory Pugnet, Didier Blaise, Louis Terriou, Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha, Marie-Thérèse Rubio, Frédéric Garban, Myriam Labopin, Stéphanie Nguyen, Anne Huynh, Perrine Guillaume-Jugnot, Thorsten Braun, Thierry Martin, Jacques-Olivier Bay, Régis Peffault de Latour, Bruno Lioure, Role of intra-Clonal Heterogeneity and Leukemic environment in ThErapy Resistance of chronic leukemias (CHELTER), and Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy, Disease, Transplantation, Autologous, Disease-Free Survival, Autoimmune Diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Rheumatology, Interquartile range, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Registries, Societies, Medical, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Bone Marrow Transplantation, Retrospective Studies, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, Autoimmune disease, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, [SDV.MHEP.HEM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Transplantation, Haematopoiesis, Female, France, Stem cell, business
Abstract

The use of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) in autoimmune disease (AD) patients has increased progressively worldwide. We retrospectively analysed the long-term outcome of AHSCT for AD reported to the French Society for Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC). All French AD patients (≥ 18 years at transplant) with a first AHSCT between 1997 and 2013 were included. Primary data were derived from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) registry, and additional data were obtained through a specific questionnaire designed for the study. Primary end-point was overall survival (OS). Secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) and non-relapse mortality (NRM). Ninety-four AD patients were included, of whom 71% suffered from rheumatologic diseases (n = 67, including 56 systemic sclerosis (SSc)), 16% from neurological disease (n = 15, including 14 multiple sclerosis (MS)) and 13% from various other AD (n = 12). After a median (interquartile range, IQR) follow-up of 83 months (38–130), OS at 5 and 10 years were 77% (95% CI 68.5–86.2) and 64% (95% CI 51.7–76.3), and for PFS 51% (95% CI 40.4–61.6) and 44% (95% CI 32.8–55.3), respectively. Overall, NRM was 8.7% (95% CI 4.0–15.5) at day 100, 9.8% (95% CI 4.8–16.9) at 5 years and 13.6% (95% CI 6.9–22.5) at 10 years. This first SFGM-TC retrospective report shows long-term benefit of AHSCT in AD patients with acceptable toxicity.

Published
2019
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18. Drug-induced systemic lupus: revisiting the ever-changing spectrum of the disease using the WHO pharmacovigilance database

Author

Laurent Arnaud, Thierry Martin, Philippe Mertz, Aude Lambert, François Chasset, Martine Tebacher-Alt, Joe-Elie Salem, Jean Sibilia, P.E. Gavand, Charlotte Muller, Bénédicte Lebrun-Vignes, CHU Strasbourg, Immuno-Rhumatologie Moléculaire, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Service de dermatologie et allergologie [CHU Tenon], CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre Régional de Pharmacovigilance (CRPV), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de pharmacologie médicale [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], and CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Databases, Factual, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], computer.software_genre, Etanercept, 0302 clinical medicine, systemic lupus erythematosus, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Immunology and Allergy, skin and connective tissue diseases, media_common, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Database, Middle Aged, Hydralazine, 3. Good health, [SDV.MHEP.RSOA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, Antirheumatic Agents, Female, medicine.drug, Adult, Drug, media_common.quotation_subject, Immunology, Procainamide, World Health Organization, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Rheumatology, Pharmacovigilance, medicine, Adalimumab, Humans, Adverse effect, Retrospective Studies, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, business.industry, drug-induced lupus, medicine.disease, Infliximab, 030104 developmental biology, adverse-drug reaction, pharmacovigilance, business, computer, Adverse drug reaction
Abstract

ObjectiveDrug-induced lupus (DIL) is an idiosyncratic side effect of treatments in which symptoms overlap with those of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The spectrum of DIL constantly evolves with that of the pharmacopoeia. Here, we used VigiBase, the WHO global individual case safety reports (ICSRs) database, to identify the main drugs associated with DIL.MethodsWe analysed all ICSRs classified as ‘systemic lupus erythematosus’ according to the Medical Dictionary for Drug Regulatory Activities term (preferred term level) in VigiBase. The drugs considered in the analysis were those not used to treat SLE, with a positive lower end of the 95% credibility interval for the information component (IC025) ≥0, an indicator value for disproportionate Bayesian reporting.ResultsA total of 12 166 DIL ICSRs were identified using VigiBase. From those, 8163 ICSRs reporting on 118 suspected drugs with IC025 ≥0 were extracted. The median age at DIL onset was 49 years and the female to male sex ratio was 4.3. The median delay between start of suspected treatment and DIL occurrence was 172 days. DIL was reported as serious adverse event in 55.4%. Among the 118 suspected drugs, 42 had not been previously reported in association with DIL. The drugs associated with the highest number of DIL cases were infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, procainamide and hydralazine.ConclusionThis study enables the identification of 118 drugs associated with DIL. The list of suspected drugs may prove useful to physicians when confronted with potential DIL cases.Trial registration numberNCT03480529.

Published
2019
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19. Unified scattering approach to Josephson current and thermal noise in BCS and topological superconducting junctions

Author

Thierry Martin, Alex Zazunov, R. Jacquet, Thibaut Jonckheere, Jérôme Rech, CPT - E6 Nanophysique, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Theoretische Physik, and Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf]

Subjects
Physics, Superconductivity, Condensed matter physics, Scattering, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter Physics, Topology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], MAJORANA, Josephson current, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract

We present a unified description of a junction between $s$-wave (BCS) superconductors and a junction between $p$-wave superconductors in a topologically nontrivial phase, which relies on a scattering state expansion. We compute Josephson current and thermal noise in the two kinds of junction and exhibit some characteristic features for a junction of two topological superconductors hosting Majorana zero-energy modes., 12 pages, 13 figures

Published
2019
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20. Transitional B cells in quiescent SLE: An early checkpoint imprinted by IFN

Author

Jennifer L. Barnas, Anna K. Bird, Anne-Sophie Korganow, Thierry Martin, Jane L. Liesveld, Vincent Gies, Pauline Soulas-Sprauel, Eric Meffre, Vincent Poindron, N. Douiri, Yannick Dieudonné, Céline Keime, Aurélien Guffroy, Jennifer H. Anolik, CCSD, Accord Elsevier, Immunopathologie et chimie thérapeutique (ICT), Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Immuno-Rhumatologie Moléculaire, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (OMICARE), Centre de Recherche d’Immunologie et d’Hématologie [Strasbourg], Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), University of Rochester [USA], Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), and Yale University School of Medicine

Subjects
Adult, 0301 basic medicine, Antigens, CD19, Immunology, Naive B cell, B-Lymphocyte Subsets, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Biology, Article, CD19, Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]/Génétique, 03 medical and health sciences, TLR9, 0302 clinical medicine, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Downregulation and upregulation, Interferon, Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]/Biologie cellulaire, medicine, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Immunology and Allergy, Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]/Immunologie, [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, B cell, Aged, Autoantibodies, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid, Transitional B cells, Autoantibody, Middle Aged, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Toll-Like Receptor 9, biology.protein, Female, Interferons, Bone marrow, Transcriptome, medicine.drug
Abstract

Systemic lupus (SLE) is characterized by a break of B cell tolerance that plays a central role in disease pathophysiology. An early checkpoint defect occurs at the transitional stage leading to the survival of autoreactive B cells and consequently the production of pathogenic autoantibodies. The main purpose of our work was to determine whether transitional B cells, as the most immature naïve B cell subset upstream of pathogenic B cells, display specific features compared to healthy non SLE subjects. Through extensive analysis of transitional B cells from untreated or low treated, mostly Caucasian, SLE patients, we demonstrated that transitional (T1 and T2) B cell frequencies were increased in SLE and positively correlated with disease activity. SLE transitional B cells displayed defects in two closely inter-related molecules (i.e. TLR9 defective responses and CD19 downregulation). RNA sequencing of sorted transitional B cells from untreated patients revealed a predominant overexpression of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) even out of flares. In addition, early transitional B cells from the bone marrow displayed the highest interferon score, reflecting a B cell interferon burden of central origin. Hence, the IFN signature in transitional B cells is not confined to African American SLE patients and exists in quiescent disease since the medullary stage. These results suggest that in SLE these 3 factors (i.e. IFN imprintment, CD19 downregulation and TLR9 responses impairment) could take part at the early transitional B cell stage in B cell tolerance by-pass, ultimately leading in periphery to the expansion of autoantibodies-secreting cells.

Published
2019
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21. Hong-Ou-Mandel characterization of multiply charged Levitons

Author

Maura Sassetti, Luca Vannucci, Matteo Acciai, Dario Ferraro, Jérôme Rech, Thierry Martin, Thibaut Jockheere, Flavio Ronetti, Departement de Physique Théorique [Genève], Université de Genève (UNIGE), Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimeto di Fisica (Università di Genova), Università di Genova, CNR SPIN, CPT - E6 Nanophysique, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe)

Subjects
Quantum point contact, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Quantum Hall effect, 01 natural sciences, Physics and Astronomy (all), Quantum mechanics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 010306 general physics, Materials Science (all), Multiple, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Noise (signal processing), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Formalism (philosophy of mathematics), State of matter, Leviton, 0210 nano-technology, Relevant information
Abstract

We review and develop recent results regarding Leviton excitations generated in topological states of matter - such as integer and fractional quantum Hall edge channels - and carrying a charge multiple of the electronic one. The peculiar features associated to these clean and robust emerging excitations can be detected through current correlation measurements. In particular, relevant information can be extracted from the noise signal in generalized Hong-Ou-Mandel experiments, where Levitons with different charges collide against each other at a quantum point contact. We describe this quantity both in the framework of the photo-assisted noise formalism and in terms of a very interesting and transparent picture based on wave-packet overlap., 15 pages, 3 figures

Published
2018
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22. HIBISCUS: Hydroxychloroquine for the secondary prevention of thrombotic and obstetrical events in primary antiphospholipid syndrome

Author

Patrick Blanco, Maarten Limper, Jamilya Khizroeva, Pier Luigi Meroni, Olivier Lambotte, Nadine Magy-Bertrand, Loic Sentilhes, Raquel Ferrer-Oliveras, Pieter Van Paasen, Jan Willem Cohen Tervaert, Marie Noelle Ungeheuer, Enrique Esteve-Valverde, Katrien Devreese, Ricard Cervera, Laura Andreoli, A. Djokovic, Emmanuel Andrès, Antonia Caligaro, Jean Sibilia, Daniel Henrion, Angela Tincani, Guillaume Mahé, Jose Omar Latino, N. Stanisavljevic, Sebastián Udry, Patrick Saulnier, Ljudmila Stojanovich, Şule Apraş Bilgen, Bernard Imbert, Cédric Landron, Damien Sène, Karina de Leeuw, Céline Fassot, Fatma Said, Boris Bienvenu, Laura Damian, Florence Perrinet, Jaume Alijotas-Reig, Francesca Pregnolato, Alban Godon, Estibaliz Lazaro, Thierry Martin, Viktoria Bitsadze, Laurent Arnaud, Laurent Loufrani, Gilles Pernod, Alexander Makatsariya, Gilberto Pires da Rosa, Noémie Jourde-Chiche, Pierre Yves Jeandel, Elisabeta Candrea, Maria Orietta Borghi, Milena Hasan, Jean Marie Chretien, Crina Sinescu, Cristina Belizna, Mathilde Versini, Pascale Jeannin, Thomas Le Gallou, Fréderic Tollis, Marc Antoine Pistorius, Loukman Omarjee, Valentina Canti, Mohamed Hamidou, Achile Aouba, György Nagy, Ova Shovman, Sébastien Abad, Levent Kilic, Teresa Delross, Howard Amital, Lai-Shan Tam, Zahir Amoura, Christian Muchardt, Amelia Ruffatti, Laurent Chiche, Patrick Jego, Emmanuelle Dernis, Maria Favaro, Miri Blank, Romain Lubin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Biologie Neurovasculaire et Mitochondriale Intégrée (BNMI), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Université Paris 13 (UP13), Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University (TAU), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Brescia, CHU Strasbourg, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Hôpital Saint-Joseph [Marseille], Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, I.M. Sechenow First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia., Immunology from Concept and Experiments to Translation (ImmunoConcept), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Luliu-Hatieganu, Hôpital Européen [Fondation Ambroise Paré - Marseille], Maastricht University [Maastricht], University of Alberta, Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai [Cluj-Napoca], Centre Hospitalier du Mans, Ghent University Hospital, University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Althaia Healthcare Network of Manresa, Barcelona, MitoVasc - Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire et Mitochondriale (MITOVASC), Cardiovascular Functions In Vitro (CARFI), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre de Recherche Translationnelle - Center for Translational Science (CRT), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), CHU Grenoble, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Laennec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Faculté de Médecine d'Angers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Vascular research center of Marseille (VRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, I.M. Sechenow First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Immunologie des Maladies Virales et Autoimmunes (IMVA - U1184), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Hospital Carlos G. Durand, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque [CHU Bordeaux], CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), University Medical Center [Utrecht], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cellules Souches et Développement / Stem Cells and Development, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Semmelweis University [Budapest], Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Hospital de São João [Porto], Hôpital La Rabta [Tunis], Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Service de rhumatologie [Strasbourg], CHU Strasbourg-Hôpital de Hautepierre [Strasbourg], Université de Médecine Carol Davila, The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], Diaverum Dialysis Center, Angers, Investigation Clinique et d’Accès aux Ressources Biologiques (Plate-forme) - Clinical Investigation and Access to BioResources (ICAReB), Institut Arnault Tzanck, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Hospital Clinic (CRESIB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), The HIBISCUS study is funded for its French part of the trial by the Ministery of Health, France in 2015 (PHRC N PAPIRUS)., The investigators are very grateful to Professor Y Shoenfeld for the scientific revision of the design and very valuable remarks. The investigators are also grateful to the patients, patients' association, collaborators and networks involved in the trial and to the research staff at all participating hospitals., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université d'Angers (UA), Hôpital avicenne, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Hôpital Avicenne, Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Service de médecine interne [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Universita degli Studi di Padova, Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire et Mitochondriale (MITOVASC), Centre de Recherche Translationnelle (CRT), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cellules Souches et Développement, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-IMAG-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)

Subjects
ANTICOAGULANT, Pediatrics, Additional Therapy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, RECOMMENDATIONS, COMPLEMENT, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, An international multicenter trial on Hydroxychloroquine for the secondary prevention of relapses in primary antiphospholipid syndrome is launched, Antiphospholipid syndrome, Immunology and Allergy, PREGNANT PATIENTS, SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS, Secondary prevention, Anticoagulant, Pregnancy Outcome, Take home messages, WOMEN, 3. Good health, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, medicine.drug, Hydroxychloroquine, Primary antiphospholipid syndrome, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Immunology, Relapse rate, Relapse rate in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is high despite standard current therapies, 53 centers from 16 countries participate to this international trial, Orphan drug, 03 medical and health sciences, Survival rate in this population is 90.1% at 10 years and 65% at 15 years, There is a need for additional or alternative therapies in this disease, hydroxychloroquine, primary antiphospholipid syndrome, secondary prevention, medicine, MANAGEMENT, Humans, DRUGS, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, business.industry, Thrombosis, Delivery, Obstetric, medicine.disease, ANTIBODIES, RISK-FACTORS, business
Abstract

International audience; The relapse rate in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) remains high, i.e. around 20%–21% at 5 years in thrombotic APS and 20–28% in obstetrical APS [2, 3].Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) appears as an additional therapy, as it possesses immunomodulatory and anti-thrombotic various effects [4–16].Our group recently obtained the orphan designation of HCQ in antiphospholipid syndrome by the European Medicine Agency.Furthermore, the leaders of the project made the proposal of an international project, HIBISCUS, about the use of Hydroxychloroquine in secondary prevention of obstetrical and thrombotic events in primary APS. This study has been launched in several countries and at now, 53 centers from 16 countries participate to this international trial.This trial consists in two parts: a retrospective and a prospective study.The French part of the trial in thrombosis has been granted by the French Minister of Health in December 2015 (the academic trial independent of the pharmaceutical industry PHRC N PAPIRUS) and is coordinated by one of the members of the leading consortium of HIBISCUS.

Published
2018
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23. Probing interactions via nonequilibrium momentum distribution and noise in integer quantum Hall systems at ν = 2

Author

Thierry Martin, Matteo Carrega, Matteo Acciai, Jérôme Rech, Maura Sassetti, Thibaut Jonckheere, Dipartimeto di Fisica (Università di Genova), Università di Genova, Scuola Normale Superiore (NEST), Istituto di nanoscienze-CNR, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CPT - E6 Nanophysique, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), and Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa (SNS)

Subjects
Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Filling factor, Wave packet, Quantum point contact, 02 engineering and technology, Quantum Hall effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Momentum, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Mixing (physics), Excitation, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract

We consider the excitation of single-electron wave packets by means of a time dependent voltage applied to the ballistic edge channels of the integer quantum Hall effect at filling factor $\nu=2$. Due to electron-electron interactions, fractional excitations emerge along the edge. Their detailed structure is analyzed by evaluating the nonequilibrium momentum distributions associated with the different edge channels. We provide results for a generic time-dependent drive both in the stationary regime and for intermediate times, where the overlap between fractionalized wave packets carries relevant information on interaction strength. As a particular example we focus on a Lorentzian drive, which provides a clear signature of the minimal excitations known as Levitons. Here, we argue that inner-channel fractionalized excitations can be exploited to extract information about inter-channel interactions. We further confirm this idea by calculating the zero frequency noise due to the partitioning of these excitations at a quantum point contact and we propose a measurable quantity as a tool to directly probe electron-electron interactions and determine the so-called mixing angle of copropagating quantum Hall channels., Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures

Published
2018
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24. Lupus Regulator Peptide P140 Represses B Cell Differentiation by Reducing HLA Class II Molecule Overexpression

Author

J.F. Kleinmann, Thierry Martin, Sylviane Muller, Michael Faludi, Evelyne Schaeffer, Nicolas Schall, Maud Wilhelm, Emil Pablo Nashi, Fengjuan Wang, Jean Sibilia, Immunopathologie et chimie thérapeutique (ICT), Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biotechnologie et signalisation cellulaire (BSC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche de l'Ecole de biotechnologie de Strasbourg (IREBS), Immuno-Rhumatologie Moléculaire, and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, T cell, T-Lymphocytes, Immunology, B-cell receptor, Lymphocyte Activation, Flow cytometry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Rheumatology, Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]/Biologie cellulaire, medicine, Autophagy, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, B cell, B-Lymphocytes, Systemic lupus erythematosus, medicine.diagnostic_test, Chemistry, HEK 293 cells, Histocompatibility Antigens Class II, Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]/Biotechnologies, Cell Differentiation, Transfection, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, Peptide Fragments, 3. Good health, B-1 cell, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, HEK293 Cells, 030215 immunology
Abstract

Objective Phosphopeptide P140 (Lupuzor) is an inhibitor of autophagy currently being evaluated in late-stage clinical trials for the treatment of lupus. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of P140 ex vivo on human T and B cells. Methods Human B cells, T cells, and dendritic cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and cellular assays. The expression of autophagy markers was evaluated by immunoblotting and flow cytometry. The levels of B cell receptor (BCR) signaling markers and HLA molecules were assessed by flow cytometry. Toll-like receptor ligands were screened using an assay with transfected HEK 293 cells. P140 cell entry and trafficking were measured by immunofluorescence in the presence of various inhibitors of endosomal pathways. Results As was previously observed after intravenous injection of the peptide in a mouse model of lupus, P140 entered human B cells by a clathrin coat-dependent endocytosis process and homed into lysosomes. The peptide displayed no direct effect on BCR signaling of memory, naive mature, transitional, and B1 cells. However, it strongly reduced the overexpression of HLA class II molecules on lupus B cells that were acting as antigen-presenting cells, down-regulated the maturation and differentiation of B cells into plasma cells, and decreased IgG secretion. Conclusion These findings show that P140 down-regulates HLA class II overexpression in human lupus B cells, and also that P140 hampers the differentiation of B cells into autoantibody-secreting plasma cells, likely due to the resulting lack of T cell signaling and activation. This mechanism appears to switch off the downstream events leading to secretion of pathogenic autoantibodies, thus explaining the highly promising results obtained in clinical trials of P140 (Lupuzor) for the treatment of lupus.

Published
2018
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25. Impaired TLR9 responses in B cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Author

Vincent, Gies, Jean-Nicolas, Schickel, Sophie, Jung, Aurélie, Joublin, Salomé, Glauzy, Anne-Marie, Knapp, Anne, Soley, Vincent, Poindron, Aurélien, Guffroy, Jin-Young, Choi, Jacques-Eric, Gottenberg, Jennifer H, Anolik, Thierry, Martin, Pauline, Soulas-Sprauel, Eric, Meffre, Anne-Sophie, Korganow, Immunopathologie et chimie thérapeutique (ICT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Strasbourg, Yale University School of Medicine, Centre National de Référence pour les Maladies Auto-immunes Rares [CHU Strasbourg] (RESO), University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), and univOAK, Archive ouverte

Subjects
Adult, Male, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Autoimmune diseases, Antigens, CD19, Primary Cell Culture, Immunology, lcsh:Medicine, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Autoimmunity, Young Adult, immune system diseases, Immune Tolerance, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]/Immunologie, skin and connective tissue diseases, Cells, Cultured, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, B-Lymphocytes, B cells, lcsh:R, hemic and immune systems, Dendritic Cells, Middle Aged, Up-Regulation, Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Toll-Like Receptor 9, Cytokines, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, Receptors, Complement 3d, Research Article
Abstract

B cells play a central role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathophysiology but dysregulated pathways leading to a break in B cell tolerance remain unclear. Since Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) favors the elimination of autoreactive B cells in the periphery, we assessed TLR9 function in SLE by analyzing the responses of B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) isolated from healthy donors and patients after stimulation with CpG, a TLR9 agonist. We found that SLE B cells from patients without hydroxychloroquine treatment displayed defective in vitro TLR9 responses, as illustrated by the impaired upregulation of B cell activation molecules and the diminished production of various cytokines including antiinflammatory IL-10. In agreement with CD19 controlling TLR9 responses in B cells, decreased expression of the CD19/CD21 complex on SLE B cells was detected as early as the transitional B cell stage. In contrast, TLR7 function was preserved in SLE B cells, whereas pDCs from SLE patients properly responded to TLR9 stimulation, thereby revealing that impaired TLR9 function in SLE was restricted to B cells. We conclude that abnormal CD19 expression and TLR9 tolerogenic function in SLE B cells may contribute to the break of B cell tolerance in these patients.

Published
2018
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26. Photoassisted shot noise spectroscopy at fractional filling factor

Author

Dario Ferraro, Flavio Ronetti, Luca Vannucci, Jérôme Rech, Maura Sassetti, Thibaut Jonckheere, Thierry Martin, Dipartimeto di Fisica (Università di Genova), Università di Genova, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CPT - E6 Nanophysique, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe)

Subjects
Quantum optics, Physics, History, Mesoscopic physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Quantum point contact, Shot noise, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Quantum Hall effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 01 natural sciences, Computer Science Applications, Education, Luttinger liquid, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Quantum, Quantum tunnelling, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract

We study the photoassisted shot noise generated by a periodic voltage in the fractional quantum Hall regime. Fluctuations of the current are due to the presence of a quantum point contact operating in the weak backscattering regime. We show how to reconstruct the photoassisted absorption and emission probabilities by varying independently the dc and ac contributions to the voltage drive. This is made possible by the peculiar power-law behavior of the tunneling rates in the chiral Luttinger liquid theory, which allow to approximate the typical infinite sums of the photoassisted transport formalism in a simple and particularly convenient way., 6 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings of LT28 (Gothenburg, Sweden)

Published
2018
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27. Polarized heat current generated by quantum pumping in two-dimensional topological insulators

Author

Maura Sassetti, Jérôme Rech, Thierry Martin, Flavio Ronetti, Matteo Carrega, Dario Ferraro, Thibaut Jonckheere, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimeto di Fisica (Università di Genova), Università di Genova, CNR SPIN, CPT - E6 Nanophysique, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scuola Normale Superiore (NEST), Istituto di nanoscienze-CNR, ANR-14-CE32-0017,1 shot reloaded,Optique quantique électronique : effets à N corps à l'échelle de quelques particules(2014), Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), and Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa (SNS)

Subjects
Coupling, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Heat current, Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Charge (physics), 02 engineering and technology, Electron, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Topological insulator, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Degree of polarization, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Quantum, Spin-½
Abstract

We consider transport properties of a two dimensional topological insulator in a double quantum point contact geometry in presence of a time-dependent external field. In the proposed setup an external gate is placed above a single constriction and it couples only with electrons belonging to the top edge. This asymmetric configuration and the presence of an ac signal allow for a quantum pumping mechanism, which, in turn, can generate finite heat and charge currents in an unbiased device configuration. A microscopic model for the coupling with the external time-dependent gate potential is developed and the induced finite heat and charge currents are investigated. We demonstrate that in the non-interacting case, heat flow is associated with a single spin component, due to the helical nature of the edge states, and therefore a finite and polarized heat current is obtained in this configuration. The presence of e-e interchannel interactions strongly affects the current signal, lowering the degree of polarization of the system. Finally, we also show that separate heat and charge flows can be achieved, varying the amplitude of the external gate., 13 pages, 5 figures

Published
2017
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28. B cells differentiate in human thymus and express AIRE

Author

Pauline Soulas-Sprauel, Frédéric Gros, Philippe Billaud, Thierry Martin, Isabelle André-Schmutz, Sandrine Susini, Vincent Gies, François Danion, Céline Keime, Anne-Sophie Korganow, Jean-Daniel Fauny, Jean-Louis Pasquali, A. Guffroy, Anne Soley, Immunopathologie et chimie thérapeutique (ICT), Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), univOAK, Archive ouverte, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, B-Lymphocytes, Immunology, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Cell Differentiation, Thymus Gland, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Biology, Molecular biology, 03 medical and health sciences, HUMAN THYMUS, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Female, [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Transcription Factors, 030215 immunology
Abstract

No abstract available

Published
2017
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29. Problèmes théoriques et pratiques en biologie évolutionnaire

Author

Jean Gayon, Thierry Martin, Isabelle Olivieri, Institut d'Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques (IHPST), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Logiques de l'Agir ( EA 2274) (LdA), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Thierry Martin, Martin, Thierry, Logiques de l'Agir ( UR 2274) (LdA), Institut d'Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques ( IHPST ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris ( DEC ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier ( ISEM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), EA2274 - Logiques de l'agir, Logiques de l'Agir - UFC ( LdA ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
PDA, History & Philosophy Of Science, biologie, OGM, loi biologique, biologie évolutionnaire, théorie biologique, [ SHS.HISPHILSO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, [SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, SCI075000, évolutionnisme, philosophie de la biologie, évolution, insecticides
Abstract

International audience; La biologie évolutionnaire soulève une question fondamentale, celle du statut de la (ou des) théorie(s) biologique(s), explorée ici par Jean Gayon. Doit-on envisager une théorie biologique ou une pluralité de théories biologiques ? Cette question engage celle de l’originalité du concept de théorie lorsqu’il est investi dans le champ de la biologie.Se plaçant sur le plan pratique, Isabelle Olivieri interroge la fécondité et les problèmes éthiques soulevés par ses applications (gestion des résistances aux insecticides, utilisation des OGM, explication évolutionniste de comportements sociaux…). Jean-Sébastien Bolduc, Christian Sachse, Marc Kirsch et Olivier Morin discutent ces analyses.

Published
2015

30. Statistique et dynamique de l’imitation chez Gabriel Tarde

Author

Thierry Martin, Logiques de l'Agir ( EA 2274) (LdA), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Logiques de l'Agir ( UR 2274) (LdA), and Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, General Medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Gabriel Tarde propose une représentation originale de la statistique, soulignant son aptitude à révéler et mesurer la dynamique des phénomènes sociaux, plus qu’à en décrire les états. Ce n’est pas la technique mathématique qui intéresse Tarde, mais il développe, de 1880 à 1900, une réflexion épistémologique et méthodologique sur la portée et les limites de l’analyse statistique qui s’articule à sa théorie sociologique. Le présent article se propose d’étudier cette représentation, en analysant la place et la fonction de la statistique dans l’œuvre de Tarde et sa relation essentielle à sa théorie sociologique de l’imitation. Gabriel Tarde offers an original representation of statistics, underlining their ability to reveal and measure the dynamic of social phenomena more than just describing them. Tarde was not interested in the mathematical technique but he developed, from 1880 to 1900, his thoughts concerning the epistemology and methodology of the impact and limits of the statistical analysis which underpinned his sociological theory. This article examines this representation, by analyzing the place and the function of statistics in Tarde’s work and its essential relationship with his sociological theory of imitation.

Published
2017

31. Hanbury Brown and Twiss noise correlations in a topological superconductor beam splitter

Author

Jérôme Rech, Reinhold Egger, Thibaut Jonckheere, Alex Zazunov, Thierry Martin, CPT - E6 Nanophysique, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut fur Theoretische Physik, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], and ANR-14-CE32-0017,1 shot reloaded,Optique quantique électronique : effets à N corps à l'échelle de quelques particules(2014)

Subjects
Physics, Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Analytical expressions, External bias, Nanowire, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, PACS: 73.23.-b, 72.70.+m, 74.45.+c, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Topology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, MAJORANA, law, Quantum mechanics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Bound state, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Beam splitter, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Voltage
Abstract

We study Hanbury-Brown and Twiss current cross-correlations in a three-terminal junction where a central topological superconductor (TS) nanowire, bearing Majorana bound states at its ends, is connected to two normal leads. Relying on a non-perturbative Green function formalism, our calculations allow us to provide analytical expressions for the currents and their correlations at subgap voltages, while also giving exact numerical results valid for arbitrary external bias. We show that when the normal leads are biased at voltages $V_1$ and $V_2$ smaller than the gap, the sign of the current cross-correlations is given by $-\mbox{sgn}(V_1 \, V_2)$. In particular, this leads to positive cross-correlations for opposite voltages, a behavior in stark contrast with the one of a standard superconductor, which provides a direct evidence of the presence of the Majorana zero-mode at the edge of the TS. We further extend our results, varying the length of the TS (leading to an overlap of the Majorana bound states) as well as its chemical potential (driving it away from half-filling), generalizing the boundary TS Green function to those cases. In the case of opposite bias voltages, $\mbox{sgn}(V_1 \, V_2)=-1$, driving the TS wire through the topological transition leads to a sign change of the current cross-correlations, providing yet another signature of the physics of the Majorana bound state., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures

Published
2017
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32. Electron interferometry in integer quantum Hall edge channels

Author

C. Wahl, Jérôme Rech, Thierry Martin, Thibaut Jonckheere, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CPT - E6 Nanophysique, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-BLAN-0412,1shot,Optique quantique électronique : expériences d' Hanbury-Brown Twiss et d'Hong Ou Mandel avec des sources d'électrons uniques(2010), and ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011)

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Quantum optics, Physics, Quantum decoherence, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Filling factor, Quantum point contact, FOS: Physical sciences, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, Quantum Hall effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, Pauli exclusion principle, Quantum mechanics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Fractional quantum Hall effect, symbols, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract

We consider the electronic analog of the Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer from quantum optics. In this realistic condensed matter device, single electrons are injected and travel along opposite chiral edge states of the integer quantum Hall effect, colliding at a quantum point contact (QPC). We monitor the fate of the colliding excitations by calculating zero-frequency current correlations at the output of the QPC. In the simpler case of filling factor $\nu=1$, we recover the standard result of a dip in the current noise as a function of the time delay between electron injections. For simultaneous injection, the current correlations exactly vanish, as dictated by the Pauli principle. This picture is however dramatically modified when interactions are present, as we show in the case of a filling factor $\nu=2$. There, each edge state is made out of two co-propagating channels, leading to charge fractionalization, and ultimately to decoherence. The latter phenomenon reduces the degree of indistinguishability between the two electron wavepackets, yielding a reduced contrast in the HOM signal. This naturally brings about the question of stronger interaction, offering a natural extension of the present work to the case of fractional quantum Hall effect where many open and fascinating questions remain., Comment: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Unsolved Problem on Noise, UPoN 2015, Barcelona, Spain

Published
2016
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33. Rosetta lander Philae: Flight dynamics analyses for landing site selection and post- landing operations

Author

P. Heinish, Emile Remetean, Jean-François Crifo, Romain Garmier, Alain Herique, Alejandro Blazquez, Jens Biele, Laurent Jorda, Eric Jurado, Elisabet Canalias, Cedric Delmas, Philippe Gaudon, Yves Rogez, B. Dolives, Vladimir Zakharov, Stephan Ulamec, Julien Laurent-Varin, A.V. Rodionov, Alex Torres, Wlodek Kofman, Thierry Martin, Jean-Baptiste Vincent, Thierry Ceolin, Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), CS-Systèmes d'Information [Toulouse] (CS-SI), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Magellium SAS, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HELIOS - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Russian Federal Nuclear Center (RFNC-VNIIEF), Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), HEPPI - LATMOS, and Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig]

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Comet, Site selection, Trajectory, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Aerospace Engineering, 01 natural sciences, Flight Dynamics, Flight dynamics, Aeronautics, Comet nucleus, 0103 physical sciences, Rosetta, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Landing, Spacecraft, business.industry, Touchdown, Philae, Nutzerzentrum für Weltraumexperimente (MUSC), [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Target site, Attitude, business, Geology
Abstract

International audience; On the 12th of November 2014, The Rosetta Lander Philae became the first spacecraft to softly land on a comet nucleus. Due to the double failure of the cold gas hold-down thruster and the anchoring harpoons that should have fixed Philae to the surface, it spent approximately two hours bouncing over the comet surface to finally come at rest one km away from its target site. Nevertheless it was operated during the 57 hours of its First Science Sequence. The FSS, performed with the two batteries, should have been followed by the Long Term Science Sequence but Philae was in a place not well illuminated and fell into hibernation. Yet, thanks to reducing distance to the Sun and to seasonal effect, it woke up at end of April and on 13th of June it contacted Rosetta again. To achieve this successful landing, an intense preparation work had been carried out mainly between August and November 2014 to select the targeted landing site and define the final landing trajectory. After the landing, the data collected during on-comet operations have been used to assess the final position and orientation of Philae, and to prepare the wake-up. This paper addresses the Flight Dynamics studies done in the scope of this landing preparation from Lander side, in close cooperation with the team at ESA, responsible for Rosetta, as well as for the reconstruction of the bouncing trajectory and orientation of the Lander after touchdown.

Published
2016
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34. Une brève histoire du hasard

Author

Thierry Martin, Logiques de l'Agir ( EA 2274) (LdA), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), EA2274 - Logiques de l'agir, Logiques de l'Agir - UFC ( LdA ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Logiques de l'Agir ( UR 2274) (LdA), and Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, probabilité, General Engineering, histoire des mathématiques, hasard, [ SHS.HISPHILSO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2016

35. Cooper pair splitting and recombination in a nanoSQUID geometry at high transparency

Author

Alex Zazunov, R. Jacquet, Thibaut Jonckheere, Thierry Martin, Jérôme Rech, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CPT - E6 Nanophysique, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Theoretische Physik, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and ANR-12-BS10-0007,NANOQUARTETS,Production de Quartets d'Electrons dans des Bijonctions Josephson(2012)

Subjects
Superconductivity, Physics, Condensed matter physics, Nanowire, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 01 natural sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Andreev reflection, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Quantum dot, Quantum mechanics, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Path integral formulation, Cooper pair, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Quantum tunnelling, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract

12 pages, 13 figures; International audience; We describe a Josephson device composed of two superconductors separated by two interacting quantum dots in parallel, as a probe for Cooper pair splitting. In addition to sequential tunneling of electrons through each dot, an additional transport channel exists in this system: crossed Andreev reflection, where a Cooper pair from the source is split between the two dots and recombined in the drain superconductor. Unlike non-equilibrium scenarios for Cooper pair splitting which involves superconducting/normal metal "forks", our proposal relies on an Aharonov-Bohm measurement of the DC Josephson current when a flux is inserted between the two dots. We provide a path integral approach to treat arbitrary transparencies, and we explore all contributions for the individual phases ($0$ or $\pi$) of the quantum dots. We propose a definition of the Cooper pair splitting efficiency for arbitrary transparencies, which allows us to find the phase associations which favor the crossed Andreev process. Possible applications to experiments using nanowires as quantum dots are discussed.

Published
2015
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36. Heart Transplantation in 8 Patients with Systemic Sclerosis: Results of a French National Registry

Author

Epailly, Eric, Ikic, Alena, Emmanuel, Chatelus, Helene, Kremer, Thierry, Martin, Jacques-Eric, Gottenberg, Sabine, Pattier, Erwan, Flecher, Celine, Goeminne, David, Launay, Jean, Sibilia, Service de Chirurgie Cardio-Vasculaire, CHU Strasbourg-Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Jonchère, Laurent

Subjects
[SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; Meeting Abstract: BO410

Published
2015

37. Quartets and the current-phase structure of a double quantum dot superconducting bijunction at equilibrium

Author

Régis Mélin, Denis Feinberg, Thibaut Jonckheere, Jérôme Rech, Thierry Martin, Benoît Douçot, Théorie Quantique des Circuits (NEEL - ThQC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-12-BS10-0007,NANOQUARTETS,Production de Quartets d'Electrons dans des Bijonctions Josephson(2012), and Théorie Quantique des Circuits (ThQC)

Subjects
Physics, Superconductivity, Coupling, Josephson effect, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Degenerate energy levels, FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter Physics, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Inductance, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Quantum dot, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Degeneracy (mathematics), Quantum tunnelling, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract

The equilibrium current-phase structure of a tri-terminal superconducting Josephson junction (bijunction) is analyzed as a function of the two relevant phases. The bijunction is made of two noninteracting quantum dots, each one carrying a single level. Nonlocal processes coupling the three terminals are described in terms of quartet tunneling and pair cotunneling. These couplings are due to nonlocal Andreev and cotunneling processes through the central superconductor $S_0$, as well as direct interdot coupling. In some cases, two degenerate midgap Andreev states appear, symmetric with respect to the ($\pi,\pi$) point. The lifting of this degeneracy by interdot couplings induces a strong non-local inductance at low enough temperatures. This effect is compared to the mutual inductance of a two-loop circuit., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures

Published
2015
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38. Low-absorption, multi-layered scintillating material for high resolution real-time X-ray beam analysis

Author

Antonio Pereira, Thierry Martin, Christophe Dujardin, Mariana Levinta, Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Chemistry, Substrate (electronics), Synchrotron, Pulsed laser deposition, law.invention, Transparency (projection), [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, law, Materials Chemistry, Interposer, Optoelectronics, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), business, Porosity, Beam (structure)
Abstract

International audience; For online X-ray beam analysis, we introduce a functional device, a multilayer scintillating screen, that succeeds in satisfying three important criteria: high X-ray transparency and high overall efficiency, which are not easily reconcilable using existing devices, as well as high spatial resolution capability. It combines a porous alumina substrate, an optical gold interposer of few nm and an efficient scintillating material (Lu2O3:Eu3+) 450 nm thick. Both layers are deposited using pulsed laser deposition. This multilayer device enables high resolution X-ray imaging while X-ray transparency is preserved to 90% even at 15 keV. Such a device is suitable for real-time X-ray beam analysis at high frequency and is a breakthrough for real-time X-ray beam corrections for most of the synchrotron experiments.

Published
2015
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39. D.C. Josephson transport by quartets and other Andreev resonances in superconducting bijunctions

Author

Hervé Courtois, Denis Feinberg, J. E. Duvauchelle, Jérôme Rech, F. Lefloch, Andreas Pfeffer, Ciprian Padurariu, Régis Mélin, Thierry Martin, Benoît Douçot, Thibaut Jonckheere, Théorie Quantique des Circuits (NEEL - ThQC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nano-Electronique Quantique et Spectroscopie (NEEL - QuNES), Laboratoire de Transport Electronique Quantique et Supraconductivité (LaTEQS), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CPT - E6 Nanophysique, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies (LPTHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-12-BS10-0007,NANOQUARTETS,Production de Quartets d'Electrons dans des Bijonctions Josephson(2012), Théorie Quantique des Circuits (ThQC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), and Nano-Electronique Quantique et Spectroscopie (QuNES)

Subjects
Physics, Superconductivity, Josephson effect, History, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Biasing, 74.78.Na, 74.45.+c, 74.50.+r, 85.25.Cp, 3. Good health, Computer Science Applications, Education, Quantum dot, Josephson Junctions, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Nonlocal transport, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Cooper pair, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract

Bijunctions are three-terminal Josephson junctions where three superconductors are connected by a single weak link made of a metallic region or of quantum dots. Biasing two of the superconductors with commensurate voltages yields Andreev resonances that produce d.c. Josephson currents made of correlated Cooper pairs. For instance with applied voltages (0, V,-V), quartets formed by two entangled Cooper pairs are emitted by one reservoir towards the two others. Theory involving non-equilibrium Green's functions reveal the microsopic mechanism at play, e.g. multiple coherent Andreev reflections that provide an energy-conserving and fully coherent channel. Recent experiments on diffusive Aluminum-Copper bijunctions show transport anomalies that are interpreted in terms of quartet resonances., Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, Proceedings of the Low Temperature Physics Conference LT27, Buenos Aires 2014

Published
2014
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40. Previously undescribed pulpal and periodontal ligament calcifications in systemic sclerosis: a case report

Author

Matthieu Schmittbuhl, Thierry Martin, Sophie Jung, Maryline Minoux, Marie-Cécile Manière, Immuno-Rhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie (BB), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nanomédecine Régénérative (NanoRegMed), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Adult, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Periodontal Ligament, Root canal, Scleroderma, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, stomatognathic system, Calcinosis, Fibrosis, medicine, Humans, Periodontal fiber, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Dentistry (miscellaneous), Maxillary central incisor, Periodontal Diseases, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, Autoimmune disease, Scleroderma, Systemic, business.industry, Soft tissue, 030206 dentistry, Anatomy, Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, medicine.disease, Molar, 3. Good health, Incisor, stomatognathic diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Dental Pulp Calcification, Female, Surgery, Dental Pulp Cavity, Oral Surgery, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

Systemic sclerosis (SSc), a multisystem autoimmune disease characterized by widespread fibrosis, vascular alterations, autoimmunity, and inflammation, has effects on the hard and soft tissues of the orofacial region. The most common oral radiographic features correspond to widening of the periodontal ligament space and to mandibular resorption. In this report, cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) confirmed not only the well described periodontal features associated with SSc but also revealed previously undescribed calcifications within the periodontal ligament space of most maxillary teeth. Moreover, CBCT showed pulp calcifications in some incisors and premolars with these calcifications leading to root canal obliterations. Such manifestations (which could be linked to different major pathogenic features of SSc such as calcinosis, vasculopathy, and fibrosis) contribute to the phenotypic spectrum of the disease.

Published
2013
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41. Electron quantum optics in ballistic chiral conductors

Author

Erwann Bocquillon, Vincent Freulon, François Parmentier, Jean-Marc Berroir, Bernard Placais, Claire Wahl, Jérôme Rech, Thibaut Jonckheere, Thierry Martin, Charles Grenier, Dario Ferraro, Pascal Degiovanni, Gwendal Fève, Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain (LPA), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe Nano-Electronique (GNE), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CPT - E6 Nanophysique, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Euromed Marseille - École de management, Association Euromed Management - Marseille, Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille (CERGAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon

Subjects
Current correlations, Edge channels, Electron quantum optics, Mesoscopic physics, Quantum Hall effect, Single electron source, Physics and Astronomy (all), [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract

International audience; The edge channels of the quantum Hall effect provide one dimensional chiral and ballistic wires along which electrons can be guided in an optics-like setup. Electronic propagation can then be analyzed using concepts and tools derived from optics. After a brief review of electron optics experiments performed using stationary current sources which continuously emit electrons in the conductor, this paper focuses on triggered sources, which can generate on-demand a single particle state. It first outlines the electron optics formalism and its analogies and differences with photon optics and then turns to the presentation of single electron emitters and their characterization through the measurements of the average electrical current and its correlations. This is followed by a discussion of electron quantum optics experiments in the Hanbury-Brown and Twiss geometry where two-particle interferences occur. Finally, Coulomb interactions effects and their influence on single electron states are considered.

Published
2013
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42. Clinical Spectrum, Treatment, and Outcome of Patients with Type II Mixed Cryoglobulinemia without Evidence of Hepatitis C Infection

Author

Yves Etienne, Gilles Blaison, Roland Jaussaud, Laure Foessel, Nadine Magy-Bertrand, Sylvain Audia, François Maurier, Jean-François Besancenot, Thierry Martin, Department of Clinical Immunology, Immunologie et chimie thérapeutiques (ICT), Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Médecine Interne (SOC 1 et SOC 2) [CHU de Dijon], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital pasteur [Colmar], Service de Médecine interne [CHRU Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Hôpital Saint Dié, Service de médecine interne, and Hôpital Sainte-Blandine-Centre hospitalier régional Metz-Thionville (CHR Metz-Thionville)

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cyclophosphamide, Hepatitis C virus, Immunology, medicine.disease_cause, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived, 0302 clinical medicine, Rheumatology, Internal medicine, Immunopathology, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Immunologic Factors, 030212 general & internal medicine, Lenalidomide, Aged, Retrospective Studies, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, Autoimmune disease, business.industry, Hepatitis C, [SDV.IMM.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Immunotherapy, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Cryoglobulinemia, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, Rituximab, Female, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, medicine.drug
Abstract

Objective.The clinical spectrum, etiologies, and best therapeutic approaches of type II mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) not associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have been poorly described to date. We studied the clinical presentation and outcome of patients with type II MC with no evidence of HCV.Methods.This was a multicenter retrospective study on the clinical presentation and outcome of patients with type II MC without evidence of HCV infection. Only patients with symptomatic MC were included.Results.Thirty-three patients were included (median followup 67.2 mo). Extensive investigations for associated diseases were performed at presentation. MC was related to an autoimmune disease in 14 patients, to a lymphoid malignancy in 4 patients, and to an infectious disease in 2 patients, while MC was classified as essential (primary) in 13. Essential MC tended to be more severe than secondary disease with, in particular, more frequent renal and peripheral nerve involvement. Most patients were treated with steroid with or without immunosuppressive agents, mainly cyclophosphamide. These treatments were unable to induce sustained remission. One patient was successfully treated with lenalidomide. Seven patients with nonmalignant MC were treated with rituximab; 2 had a sustained complete remission, 3 improved greatly but relapsed within 5 months, and 2 experienced a disease flare.Conclusion.An important proportion of non HCV-related type II MC remains essential. Efforts should be made to find other etiologies than HCV, because treatments with steroid and immunosuppressants are not satisfactory, especially in severe forms. In these situations anti-CD20 therapy may present the best option but should be used with caution. New agents such as lenalidomide remain to be evaluated.

Published
2011
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43. J.-H. Lambert's theory of probable syllogisms

Author

Thierry Martin, Logiques de l'Agir ( UR 2274) (LdA), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Logiques de l'Agir ( EA 2274) (LdA), EA2274 - Logiques de l'agir, Logiques de l'Agir - UFC ( LdA ), Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), and Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
Probability of testimony, Conditional reasoning, Lambert, 01 natural sciences, Theoretical Computer Science, 060104 history, [SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, 010104 statistics & probability, Artificial Intelligence, Probable syllogism, 0601 history and archaeology, 0101 mathematics, Probability interpretations, Mathematics, Astronomer, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, Syllogism, Probabilistic logic, [SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, 06 humanities and the arts, 16. Peace & justice, [ SHS.HISPHILSO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, Epistemology, [ SHS.PHIL ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, Epistemic probability, Artificial intelligence, business, Software
Abstract

International audience; In his Neues Organon of 1764, the mathematician and astronomer Jean-Henri Lambert [12] developed a theory of probable syllogisms, with the aim of formally describing the probabilist reasoning and then applying it to the probability of testimony, thus imparting an epistemic sense to the concept of probability. In the present text, we propose to study the principles of this theory and the difficulties it raises.

Published
2011
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44. Control of B cells expressing naturally occurring autoantibodies

Author

Thierry Martin, Jean Louis Pasquali, Pansiot, Sylvie, and Landes Bioscience and Springer Science + Business Media

Subjects
Genetics, Mutation, Autoantibody, Somatic hypermutation, Complementarity determining region, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Germline, Autoimmunity, Antigen, [SDV.IMM.IA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, medicine, Gene, [SDV.IMM.II] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity
Abstract

Naturally occurring autoantibodies (NAbs) are typically polyreactive, bind with low affinity to a discrete set of autoantigens and are encoded by variable region genes in germline configuration. They differ from disease-associated autoantibodies (autoAb), which are mostly monoreactive, somatically mutated and of high affinities. Structure-function studies have shown that polyreactivity of NAbs relies on the somatically generated complementarity determining region, CDR3, of the heavy chain. This finding suggested that NAb-producing B cells were positively selected from the pre-immune B-cell repertoire. The biological significance of this selection remains, however, unclear. Data originating mainly from transgenic mice have shown that mature NAb-producing B cells are frequently ignorant toward their antigen, possibly due to their low affinity, though active tolerance mechanisms are not excluded. An important issue is whether NAb-producing B cells constitute the pool from which pathologic auto Ab emerge after autoantigen-driven maturation. We summarize results obtained in mouse models, showing that some infectious agents are able to induce an autoantigen-driven activation of certain NAb-producing B cells. However direct proof that selection by autoantigen may lead to somatic hypermutation are still lacking. Other data tend to suggest that pathologic auto Abs may derive from non-autoimmune B cells that have diversified by somatic hypermutation of their variable region genes.

Published
2011

45. Gabriel Tarde et la statistique criminelle

Author

Thierry Martin, Logiques de l'Agir ( UR 2274) (LdA), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Logiques de l'Agir ( EA 2274) (LdA), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut d'Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques (IHPST), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Logiques de l'Agir - UFC ( LdA ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut d'Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques ( IHPST ), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne ( UP1 ) -Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris ( DEC ), and École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
criminal statistics, [SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, sociology, sociologie, Tarde, statistique criminelle, 16. Peace & justice, [ SHS.HISPHILSO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, imitation
Abstract

International audience; Gabriel Tarde, the judge of Sarlat, attributes to statistics a central place in his sociology, as shown by his studies of criminal statistics. He develops an original and clear notion of the role of statistics which he regards as the prefered instrument that allows us to describe not the state but the evolution of social phenomena. The aim of the article is to estimate the relevance and the limits of this dynamic conception of statistics, by showing how it is closely linked, in Tarde's studies, to his philosophical and sociological doctrine.; Gabriel Tarde, le juge de Sarlat, attribue à la statistique une place centrale dans sa sociologie, comme le montrent ses études de statistique criminelle. Il y développe une conception originale et lucide du rôle de la statistique, dans laquelle il voit l'instrument privilégié permettant de décrire, non pas l'état, mais l'évolution des phénomènes sociaux. Le but de cet article est d'évaluer la pertinence et les limites de cette conception dynamique de la statistique, en montrant comment elle est étroitement liée chez Tarde à sa doctrine philosophique et sociologique.

Published
2011

46. Transport through a band insulator with Rashba spin-orbit coupling: metal-insulator transition and spin-filtering effects

Author

George I. Japaridze, Thierry Martin, Roland Hayn, Thibaut Jonckheere, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 6207 (CPT), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, and Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
Band gap, FOS: Physical sciences, Rashba spin-orbit coupling, Insulator (electricity), 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Metal, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Metal–insulator transition, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Physics, Spin filtering, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Spin polarization, PACS 72.25.-b, 71.70.Ej, Spin–orbit interaction, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Magnetic field, Electronic transport, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Spin filterting
Abstract

International audience; We calculate the current-voltage characteristic of a one-dimensional band insulator with magnetic field and Rashba spin-orbit coupling which is connected to nonmagnetic leads. Without spin-orbit coupling we find a complete spin-filtering effect, meaning that the electric transport occurs in one spin channel only. For a large magnetic field which closes the band gap, we show that spin-orbit coupling leads to a transition from metallic to insulating behavior. The oscillations of the different spin-components of the current with the length of the transport channel are studied as well.

Published
2010
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47. Screening of a Luttinger liquid wire by a scanning tunneling microscope tip: II. Transport properties

Author

Thierry Martin, M. Guigou, Adeline Crépieux, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 6207 (CPT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CPT - E6 Nanophysique, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Fano factor, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Scanning tunneling spectroscopy, FOS: Physical sciences, Spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy, Condensed Matter Physics, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Asymmetry, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Amplitude, Luttinger liquid, law, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Scanning tunneling microscope, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], media_common
Abstract

International audience; We study the effect of an electrostatic coupling between a scanning tunneling microscope tip and a Luttinger liquid wire on the tunneling current and noise between the two. Solving the Dyson equations non perturbatively for a local interaction potential, we derive the Green's functions associated to the wire and to the tip. Interestingly, the electrostatic coupling leads to the existence of new correlators, which we call mixed Green's functions, which are correlators between the bosonic fields of the wire and the tip. Next, we calculate the transport properties up to second order with the amplitude of the tunnel transfer: the tunnel current is strongly reduced by the presence of screening. The zero-frequency noise is modified in a similar way, but the Fano factor remains unchanged. We also consider the effect of the screening on the asymmetry of the finite-frequency non-symmetrized noise and on the conductance.

Published
2009
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48. Non-equilibrium supercurrent through a quantum dot: current harmonics and proximity effect due to a normal metal lead

Author

Vitaly Shumeiko, Alex Zazunov, Thibaut Jonckheere, Thierry Martin, K. V. Bayandin, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 6207 (CPT), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut fur Theoretische Physik, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], L.D. Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics of RAS, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], ANR-06-NANO-0027,Molspintronics,Spintonique Moléculaire(2006), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2

Subjects
Multiple Andreev Reflection, Josephon effect, Tunneling, Dephasing, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Proximity effect, 01 natural sciences, 74.50.+r 74.45.+c 73.21.La 85.25.Cp, Andreev reflection, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Proximity effect (superconductivity), 010306 general physics, Quantum, Quantum tunnelling, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Physics, Superconductivity, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Supercurrent, Quantum dot, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

We study the out-of-equilibrium current through a quantum dot which is placed between two superconducting leads held at fixed voltage bias, considering both cases of the absence and the presence of an additional normal lead connected to the dot. Using the nonequilibrium Keldysh technique, we focus on the subgap bias region, where multiple Andreev reflections are responsible for charge transfer through the dot. Attention is put on the dc current and on the first harmonics of the supercurrent. Varying the position and/or the width of the dot level, we first investigate the crossover between a quantum-dot and quantum point-contact regimes in the absence of a normal lead. We then study the effect of the normal electrode connected to the dot, which is understood to lead to dephasing, or alternatively to induce reverse proximity effect. By increasing the dot coupling to the normal probe, we show the full crossover from zero dephasing to the incoherent case. We also compute the Josephson current in the presence of the normal lead and find it in excellent agreement with the values of the nonequlibrium current extrapolated at zero voltage.

Published
2008
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49. Josephson Effect through an isotropic magnetic molecule

Author

Minchul Lee, Thierry Martin, Thibaut Jonckheere, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 6207 (CPT), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-06-NANO-0027,Molspintronics,Spintonique Moléculaire(2006), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2

Subjects
Josephson effect, numerical renormalization group, molecular electronics, Kondo effect, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, quantum dots, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, metallofullerene, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 73.63.-b, 74.50.+r, 72.15.Qm, 73.63.Kv, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Superconductivity, Physics, spintronics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Spin polarization, Spintronics, Supercurrent, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Coupling (physics), Spin Hall effect, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; We investigate the Josephson effect through a molecular quantum dot magnet connected to superconducting leads. The molecule contains a magnetic atom, whose spin is assumed to be isotropic. It is coupled to the electron spin on the dot via exchange coupling. Using the numerical renormalization group method we calculate the Andreev levels and the supercurrent and examine intertwined effect of the exchange coupling, Kondo correlation, and superconductivity on the current. Exchange coupling typically suppresses the Kondo correlation so that the system undergoes a phase transition from 0 to $\pi$ state as the modulus of exchange coupling increases. Antiferromagnetic coupling is found to drive exotic transitions: the reentrance to the $\pi$ state for a small superconducting gap and the restoration of 0 state for large antiferromagnetic exchange coupling. We suggest that the asymmetric dependence of supercurrent on the exchange coupling could be used as to detect its sign in experiments.

Published
2008

50. Colossal spin fluctuations in a molecular quantum dot magnet with ferromagnetic electrodes

Author

Thierry Martin, Thibaut Jonckheere, Ken-Ichiro Imura, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 6207 (CPT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Solid State Physics [Tokyo] (ISSP), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), and Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed matter physics, Spin polarization, Exchange interaction, FOS: Physical sciences, Spin engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Ferromagnetism, Quantum dot, Magnet, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Spin Hall effect, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Spin-½
Abstract

International audience; We study electronic transport through a magnetic molecule with an intrinsic spin $S$ coupled to two magnetic electrodes, in the incoherent regime. The molecule is modeled as a single resonant level with large Coulomb repulsion (no double occupancy). The molecular spin is isotropic and it interacts with the electronic spin through an exchange interaction. Using an alternative method to the usual master equation approach, we are able to obtain analytical formulas for various physical quantities of interest, such as the mean current and the current fluctuations, but also the mean value of $J_z$ -the $z$ component of the total spin on the molecule- and its fluctuations. This allows us to understand how the electronic current between the magnetized electrodes can control the polarization of the molecular spin. We observe in particular that the fluctuations of $J_z$ reach unexpectedly high values.

Published
2008

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