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1. Using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to estimate carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition in animal tissues

Author: Paco Bustamante, Kari Anne Bråthen, Arnaud Tarroux, Francisco Javier Ancin-Murguzur, Sébastien Descamps, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of BioSciences, Fisheries and Economy, University of Tromsø (UiT), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), and Norwegian Polar Institute
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488, Dried blood, QH540-549.5, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Original Research, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Trophic level, Isotope analysis, Ecology, Chemistry, Stable isotope ratio, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Nitrogen, NIRS, dietary studies, isotopic analysis, Composition (visual arts), Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Carbon
Abstract: Stable isotopes analysis (SIA) of carbon and nitrogen provides valuable information about trophic interactions and animal feeding habits.We used near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) and support vector machines (SVM) to develop a model for screening isotopic ratios of carbon and nitrogen (δ 13C and δ 15N) in samples from living animals. We applied this method on dried blood samples from birds previously analyzed for δ 13C and δ 15N to test whether NIRS can be applied to accurately estimate isotopic ratios.Our results show a prediction accuracy of NIRS (R 2 > 0.65, RMSEP, In this article, we study how near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used to measure stable isotopes in animal tissues. We used seabird blood in our study and obtained satisfactory results for screening populations and discuss further use of NIRS in other tissues.
Published: 2021

2. Trophic and fitness correlates of mercury and organochlorine compound residues in egg-laying Antarctic petrels

Author: Alice Carravieri, Sébastien Descamps, Dorte Herzke, Jérôme Fort, Nicholas A. Warner, Maud Brault-Favrou, Paco Bustamante, Arnaud Tarroux, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), and Norwegian Polar Institute
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Antarctic Regions, Zoology, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Birds, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Dry weight, Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated, Animals, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Trophic level, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400, education.field_of_study, Hatching, Mercury, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400, biology.organism_classification, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, 13. Climate action, Organochlorine Compound, Bioaccumulation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Thalassoica antarctica, Female, Moulting, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: Understanding the drivers and effects of exposure to contaminants such as mercury (Hg) and organochlorine compounds (OCs) in Antarctic wildlife is still limited. Yet, Hg and OCs have known physiological and fitness effects in animals, with consequences on their populations. Here we measured total Hg (a proxy of methyl-Hg) in blood cells and feathers, and 12 OCs (seven polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs, and five organochlorine pesticides, OCPs) in plasma of 30 breeding female Antarctic petrels Thalassoica antarctica from one of the largest colonies in Antarctica (Svarthamaren, Dronning Maud Land). This colony is declining and there is poor documentation on the potential role played by contaminants on individual physiology and fitness. Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope values measured in the females' blood cells and feathers served as proxies of their feeding ecology during the pre-laying (austral spring) and moulting (winter) periods, respectively. We document feather Hg concentrations (mean ± SD, 2.41 ± 0.83 μg g−1 dry weight, dw) for the first time in this species. Blood cell Hg concentrations (1.38 ± 0.43 μg g−1 dw) were almost twice as high as those reported in a recent study, and increased with pre-laying trophic position (blood cell δ15N). Moulting trophic ecology did not predict blood Hg concentrations. PCB concentrations were very low (Σ7PCBs, 0.35 ± 0.31 ng g−1 wet weight, ww). Among OCPs, HCB (1.02 ± 0.36 ng g−1 ww) and p, p’-DDE (1.02 ± 1.49 ng g−1 ww) residues were comparable to those of ecologically-similar polar seabirds, while Mirex residues (0.72 ± 0.35 ng g−1 ww) were higher. PCB and OCP concentrations showed no clear relationship with pre-laying or moulting feeding ecology, indicating that other factors overcome dietary drivers. OC residues were inversely related to body condition, suggesting stronger release of OCs into the circulation of egg-laying females upon depletion of their lipid reserves. Egg volume, hatching success, chick body condition and survival were not related to maternal Hg or OC concentrations. Legacy contaminant exposure does not seem to represent a threat for the breeding fraction of this population over the short term. Yet, exposure to contaminants, especially Mirex, and other concurring environmental stressors should be monitored over the long-term in this declining population.
Published: 2021

3. How choice proliferation affects revealed preferences

Author: Marianne Lumeau, Fabrice Le Lec, Benoît Tarroux, Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Angers (UA), Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management (GRANEM), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de l'Horticulture et du Paysage, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lille économie management - UMR 9221 (LEM), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de l'Horticulture et du Paysage, Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Institut National de l'Horticulture et du Paysage-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université d'Angers (UA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-CE41-0002,VALFREE,Evaluer la valeur de la liberté : une approche expérimentale(2016)
Subjects: JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D9 - Intertemporal Choice, Choice set, 05 social sciences, General Social Sciences, General Decision Sciences, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Computer Science Applications, Test (assessment), [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Salient, 0502 economics and business, Developmental and Educational Psychology, 050211 marketing, Set (psychology), Psychology, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Size dependence, Applied Psychology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 050205 econometrics, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: International audience; Whereas the literature on choice overload has shown that people tend to defer their choice or experience less satisfaction under choice proliferation, this paper aims to test how the profusion of choice directly affects individuals’ revealed preferences over options. To do so, we run an experiment where subjects have to compare familiar (i.e., easy, salient and relatively safe) and unfamiliar options under different choice contexts (Large or Small choice sets). We hypothesize that, as the choice set expands, the decisions become harder and more costly and subjects may find familiar items relatively more attractive. Our results provide clear evidence of set size dependence of revealed preferences: Subjects prefer familiar items more frequently in larger choice sets. This evidence is robust to a number of experimental variations and statistical controls.
Published: 2021

4. Year-round distribution of Northeast Atlantic seabird populations: applications for population management and marine spatial planning

Author: Jens Åström, Magdalene Langset, Hálfdán Helgi Helgason, Jóhannis Danielsen, Jón Einar Jónsson, Tone Kristin Reiertsen, Michael E. Harris, Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas, Arnaud Tarroux, Francis Daunt, Vegard Sandøy Bråthen, Bergur Olsen, Sébastien Descamps, Tycho Anker-Nilssen, Sarah Wanless, Mark Newell, Hallvard Strøm, Signe Christensen-Dalsgaard, Olivier Chastel, Yann Kolbeinsson, Françoise Amélineau, A.V. Ezhov, Malin Kjellstadli Johansen, Erpur Snær Hansen, Kjell Einar Erikstad, Morten Helberg, Svein-Håkon Lorentsen, Gunnar Thor Hallgrimsson, Thorkell Lindberg Thórarinsson, Geir Helge Systad, Maria Gavrilo, Erlend Lorentzen, Per Fauchald, Børge Moe, Yuri Krasnov, Oskar Bjørnstad, Paul M. Thompson, Morten Ekker, Nina Dehnhard, Benjamin Merkel, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Sjøfugl, Fratercula arctica, fulmarus glacialis, Marinbiologi: 497 [VDP], Distribution (economics), Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Marine biology: 497 [VDP], Ecology and Environment, uria lomvia, Arctic, SEATRACK, biology.animal, Arktis, VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480, Population management, Uria lomvia, 14. Life underwater, rissa tridactyla, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, fratercula arctica, Fulmarus glacialis, Ecology, biology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Uria aalge, Marine spatial planning, Alle alle, Fishery, Seabirds, Geography, VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480, uria aalge, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Rissa tridactyla, Seabird, marine spatial planning, business, alle alle
Abstract: International audience; Abstract: Tracking data of marine predators are increasingly used in marine spatial management. We developed a spatial dataset with estimates of the monthly distribution of six pelagic seabird species breeding in the Northeast Atlantic. The dataset is based on year-round global location sensor (GLS) tracking data of 2356 adult seabirds from 2006-2019 from a network of seabird colonies, data describing the physical environment, and data on seabird population sizes. Tracking and environmental data were combined in monthly species distribution models (SDMs). Cross-validations were used to assess the transferability of models between years and breeding locations. The analyses showed that birds from colonies close to each other (1000 km) used colony-specific, and in many cases, non-overlapping habitats. Based on these results, the SDM from the nearest model colony was used to predict the distribution of all seabird colonies lying within a species-specific cut-off distance (400-500 km). The uncertainties in predictions were estimated by cluster bootstrap sampling. The resulting dataset consists of 4692 map layers, each layer predicting the densities of birds from a given species, colony and month across the North Atlantic. The dataset represents the annual distribution of 23.5 million adult pelagic seabirds, or 87% of the Northeast Atlantic breeding population of the study species. We show how the dataset can be used in population and spatial management applications, including the detection of population-specific nonbreeding habitats and identifying populations influenced by marine protected areas.
Published: 2021

5. Six pelagic seabird species of the North Atlantic engage in a fly-and-forage strategy during their migratory movements

Author: Morten Ekker, Geir Helge Systad, Nina Dehnhard, Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas, Oskar Bjørnstad, Maria Gavrilo, Yann Kolbeinsson, Francis Daunt, Kjell Einar Erikstad, Olivier Chastel, A.V. Ezhov, Malin Kjellstadli Johansen, Børge Moe, Sébastien Descamps, Mark Newell, Erlend Lorentzen, Yuri Krasnov, Sarah Wanless, Magdalene Langset, Vegard Sandøy Bråthen, Thorkell Lindberg Thórarinsson, Paul M. Thompson, Hallvard Strøm, T. K. Reiertsen, Françoise Amélineau, Per Fauchald, E. Tolmacheva, M. V. Melnikov, Arnaud Tarroux, Jóhannis Danielsen, Michael P. Harris, Tycho Anker-Nilssen, Svein-Håkon Lorentsen, Bergur Olsen, Jens Åström, Erpur Snær Hansen, Jón Einar Jónsson, S. Christensen-Dalsgaard, Hálfdán Helgi Helgason, Benjamin Merkel, Morten Helberg, Gunnar Thor Hallgrimsson, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Sjøfugl, Light-level geolocation, Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 [VDP], Library science, thick-billed murres, Norwegian, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecology and Environment, Non-breeding movements, Arctic, biology.animal, Arktis, light-level geolocation, Migration strategies, dovekies, 14. Life underwater, Dovekies, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Thick-billed murres, Pelagic zone, language.human_language, Seabirds, Geography, Common murres, common murres, Work (electrical), Research council, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, non-breeding movements, language, migration strategies, Christian ministry, Seabird
Abstract: Bird migration is commonly defined as a seasonal movement between breeding and non-breeding grounds. It generally involves relatively straight and directed large-scale movements, with a latitudinal change, and specific daily activity patterns comprising less or no foraging and more traveling time. Our main objective was to describe how this general definition applies to seabirds. We investigated migration characteristics of 6 pelagic seabird species (little auk Alle alle, Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctica, common guillemot Uria aalge, Brünnich’s guillemot U. lomvia, black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla and northern fulmars Fulmarus glacialis). We analysed an extensive geolocator positional and saltwater immersion dataset from 29 colonies in the North-East Atlantic and across several years (2008-2019). We used a novel method to identify active migration periods based on segmentation of time series of track characteristics (latitude, longitude, net-squared displacement). Additionally, we used the saltwater immersion data of geolocators to infer bird activity. We found that the 6 species had, on average, 3 to 4 migration periods and 2 to 3 distinct stationary areas during the non-breeding season. On average, seabirds spent the winter at lower latitudes than their breeding colonies and followed specific migration routes rather than non-directionally dispersing from their colonies. Differences in daily activity patterns were small between migratory and stationary periods, suggesting that all species continued to forage and rest while migrating, engaging in a ‘fly-and-forage’ migratory strategy. We thereby demonstrate the importance of habitats visited during seabird migrations as those that are not just flown over, but which may be important for re-fuelling.
Published: 2021

6. Empirical research on ethical preferences

Author: Schokkaert, Erik, Tarroux, Benoît, Center of Operation Research and Econometrics [Louvain] (CORE), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dao, Taï, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
Abstract: Colloque organisé en ligne en raison de la crise sanitaire; International audience
Published: 2020

7. Tracking of marine predators to protect Southern Ocean ecosystems

Author: Marthán N Bester, Birgitte I. McDonald, Karine Delord, Ben Raymond, Jaimie Cleeland, Steven L. Chown, Jean-Benoît Charrassin, Daniel P. Costa, Norman Ratcliffe, Michael E. Goebel, Henri Weimerskirch, Bruno Danis, Rachael Alderman, Simon D. Goldsworthy, Akiko Kato, Keith W. Nicholls, Peter G. Ryan, Nick Gales, Luciano Dalla Rosa, Andrew D. Lowther, Pierre A. Pistorius, Rochelle Constantine, P J Nico de Bruyn, Christian Lydersen, Mike Double, Jefferson T. Hinke, Stuart Corney, Arnaud Tarroux, Kieran Lawton, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Colin Southwell, Kerstin Jerosch, Silvia Olmastroni, Richard A. Phillips, Dominik A Nachtsheim, David R. Thompson, Robert J. M. Crawford, Ian D. Jonsen, Kimberly T. Goetz, Mary-Anne Lea, José C. Xavier, Sébastien Descamps, Charles-André Bost, Michael A. Fedak, Grant Ballard, Robert Harcourt, Mônica M. C. Muelbert, Klemens Pütz, Christophe Guinet, Simon Wotherspoon, Kit M. Kovacs, Iain J. Staniland, Leigh G. Torres, Luis A. Hückstädt, Phil O'b. Lyver, Ari S. Friedlaender, Arnoldus Schytte Blix, Azwianewi B. Makhado, Mercedes Santos, Roger Kirkwood, Peter L. Boveng, John L. Bengtson, Erling S. Nordøy, Barbara Wienecke, Mark A. Hindell, Ryan R. Reisinger, Wayne Z. Trivelpiece, Joachim Plötz, Knowles Kerry, Ben Arthur, Akinori Takahashi, Virginia Andrews-Goff, Horst Bornemann, M. E. I. Marquez, Clive R. McMahon, Gerald L. Kooyman, Anton Van de Putte, Ewan D. Wakefield, Lars Boehme, Philip N. Trathan, Louise Emmerson, Antarctic Wildlife Research Unit, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), CESAB-FRB [France], Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (University of California Santa Cruz), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Santa Cruz], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), School of Biological Sciences [Victoria, Australia] (Monash University), Monash University [Victoria, Australia], Marine Biology Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University (OSU), BEDIC, OD Nature [Brussels, Belgium], Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences [Belgium], Department of Primary Industries [Australia], Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, PRBO Conservation Science, Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT), Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews [Scotland], School of Biological Sciences [Auckland, New Zealand], University of Auckland [Auckland], Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE-CRC), Department of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries [South Africa] (Oceans and Coasts), Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha [Rio Grande, Brazil], Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Norvegian Polar Research Institute (NPRI), Norwegian Polar Institute, Institute of Marine Sciences, Long Marine Laboratory, South Australian Research and Development Institute [Australia], Department of Biological Sciences [North Ryde], Macquarie University, Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Marine Fisheries Service, Scholander Hall, Scripps Institution of Oceanography [CA, USA], Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), FRAM Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Instituto Antartico Argentino, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories [CA, USA] (San José State University), San Jose State University [San Jose] (SJSU), University of Sydney Institute of Marine Science (USIMS), The University of Sydney, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), University of Tromsø (UiT), Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali 'G. Sarfatti', Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Antarctic Research Trust, British Antarctic Survey NERC [UK], DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute for African Ornithology [South Africa], Nelson Mandela University [Port Elizabeth], Instituto Antártico Argentino, National Insitute of Polar Research, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Natural Environment Research Council - British Antarctic Survey [Cambridge, UK], Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University (Australia), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Jose State University [San José] (SJSU), and Nelson Mandela University
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Conservation of Natural Resources, Aquatic Organisms, Food Chain, bird, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, General Science & Technology, Oceans and Seas, Climate Change, Fishing, Population Dynamics, Animal Identification Systems, Climate change, Antarctic Regions, climate chang, mammal, 01 natural sciences, Predation, long-term change, Birds, bird, climate chang, econtinental shelf, exploitation, long-term change, mammal, predator tracking, Animals, Ecosystem, Ice Cover, 14. Life underwater, econtinental shelf, Life Below Water, Exploitation of natural resources, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mammals, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Continental shelf, predator tracking, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fishes, Biodiversity, Fishery, Climate Action, 13. Climate action, Predatory Behavior, Ecological significance, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, exploitation, Sciences exactes et naturelles
Abstract: International audience; Southern Ocean ecosystems are under pressure from resource exploitation and climate change1,2. Mitigation requires the identification and protection of Areas of Ecological Significance (AESs), which have so far not been determined at the ocean-basin scale. Here, using assemblage-level tracking of marine predators, we identify AESs for this globally important region and assess current threats and protection levels. Integration of more than 4,000 tracks from 17 bird and mammal species reveals AESs around sub-Antarctic islands in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and over the Antarctic continental shelf. Fishing pressure is disproportionately concentrated inside AESs, and climate change over the next century is predicted to impose pressure on these areas, particularly around the Antarctic continent. At present, 7.1% of the ocean south of 40°S is under formal protection, including 29% of the total AESs. The establishment and regular revision of networks of protection that encompass AESs are needed to provide long-term mitigation of growing pressures on Southern Ocean ecosystems.
Published: 2020

8. Antarctic petrels ‘on the ice rocks’: wintering strategy of an Antarctic seabird

Author: Cédric Cotté, Florian Orgeret, Akiko Kato, Arnaud Tarroux, Sébastien Descamps, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Yves Cherel, Karine Delord, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fram Centre, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Euphausia, Zoology and botany: 480 [VDP], activity pattern, behaviour geolocation, 01 natural sciences, biology.animal, 14. Life underwater, lunar cycle, lcsh:Science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Sea ice concentration, Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, Ecology, Conservation, and Global Change Biology, Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, conservation, global change biology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, austral winter distribution, Iceberg, Geography, Oceanography, geolocation, Antarctic krill, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Thalassoica antarctica, iceberg, Psychroteuthis glacialis, lcsh:Q, Seabird, sea-ice concentration, Research Article
Abstract: There is a paucity of information on the foraging ecology, especially individual use of sea-ice features and icebergs, over the non-breeding season in many seabird species. Using geolocators and stable isotopes, we defined the movements, distribution and diet of adult Antarctic petrels Thalassoica antarctica from the largest known breeding colony, the inland Svarthamaren, Antarctica. More specifically, we examined how sea-ice concentration and free-drifting icebergs affect the distribution of Antarctic petrels. After breeding, birds moved north to the marginal ice zone (MIZ) in the Weddell sector of the Southern Ocean, following its northward extension during freeze-up in April, and they wintered there in April–August. There, the birds stayed predominantly out of the water (60–80% of the time) suggesting they use icebergs as platforms to stand on and/or to rest. Feather δ 15 N values encompassed one full trophic level, indicating that birds fed on various proportions of crustaceans and fish/squid, most likely Antarctic krill Euphausia superba and the myctophid fish Electrona antarctica and/or the squid Psychroteuthis glacialis . Birds showed strong affinity for the open waters of the northern boundary of the MIZ, an important iceberg transit area, which offers roosting opportunities and rich prey fields. The strong association of Antarctic petrels with sea-ice cycle and icebergs suggests the species can serve, year-round, as a sentinel of environmental changes for this remote region.
Published: 2020

9. On the roots of the intrinsic value of decision rights: Experimental evidence

Author: Benoît Tarroux, João V. Ferreira, Nobuyuki Hanaki, University of Southampton, Osaka University [Osaka], Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), ANR-15-IDEX-0001,UCA JEDI,Idex UCA JEDI(2015), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-CE41-0002,VALFREE,Evaluer la valeur de la liberté : une approche expérimentale(2016)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Instrumental and intrinsic value, 05 social sciences, 16. Peace & justice, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Decision rights, Self reliance, 0502 economics and business, 050206 economic theory, 050207 economics, Positive economics, Psychology, Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: This paper aims to investigate the motives behind an intrinsic value of decision rights. Based on a series of experimental treatments conducted in France and Japan, we measure how much of such potential value stems from (i) a desire for independence from others, (ii) a desire for power, or (iii) a desire for self-reliance. We find that both Japanese and French subjects attach a significant intrinsic value to hold control. Surprisingly, we find that self-reliance is the only significant motive behind it in both countries.
Published: 2020

10. On Attitudes to Choice: Some Experimental Evidence on Choice Aversion

Author: Fabrice Le Lec, Benoît Tarroux, Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-CE41-0002,VALFREE,Evaluer la valeur de la liberté : une approche expérimentale(2016)
Subjects: Choice set, Basis (linear algebra), media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 0502 economics and business, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D6 - Welfare Economics/D.D6.D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement, Econometrics, Quality (business), JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C9 - Design of Experiments/C.C9.C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior, 050207 economics, Element (category theory), Psychology, Set (psychology), General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Value (mathematics), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 050205 econometrics, media_common
Abstract: This paper investigates experimentally how people value choice. Our experiments elicit subjects’ valuations of various choice sets (or menus) that differ in size and composition. The comparison of these valuations allows us to assess subjects’ preferences between sets and test a number of the theories of preferences over menus proposed in the literature. The results suggest that subjects are choice-averse: the value of a choice set is significantly and robustly lower than that of its preferred element, and adding a suboptimal option reduces the value of a set. The data also reveal that the quality of suboptimal elements has a positive effect on set preferences. Taken together, these results suggest two possible explanations. The first is that individuals fear making bad decisions in the final choice; the second is that people value choice sets heuristically as a whole, and not on the basis of their final consequences. Other explanations of choice aversion that appear in the literature are not fully consistent with the behavior we observe.
Published: 2020

11. The value of tax progressivity: Evidence from survey experiments

Author: Benoît Tarroux, Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-CE41-0005,ORDINEQ,La Mesure des Inégalités Ordinales et Multidimensionnelles(2016)
Subjects: Information availability, Economics and Econometrics, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, 1. No poverty, ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING, Survey experiment, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Preference, Schedule (workplace), Income distribution, 0502 economics and business, Value (economics), Econometrics, Economics, Quality (business), 050207 economics, Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 050205 econometrics, media_common
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to investigate how people value tax progressivity. More precisely, I study the potential trade-off between any improvement in the final income distribution and the progressivity of the tax schedule. To do this, I designed survey experiments in which respondents were asked to rank or to choose between different taxation-redistribution schemes with different treatments varying in terms of information availability: (1) when only information about final incomes is provided; and (2) when information about average tax rates is also available. Using a within-subject design, the instability of rankings between (1) and (2) indicates whether or not respondents value tax progressivity. I find that information about tax rates significantly affects respondents' judgments about tax schemes. They exhibit a strong preference for tax progressivity, i.e., they accept a fall in the quality of the final income distribution in exchange for progressive taxation. The results of an additional treatment suggest that the mere fact of providing new information cannot account for this finding.
Published: 2019

12. Liberal or paternalistic preferences? An experimental test

Author: Le Lec, Fabrice, Tarroux, Benoît, Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

13. On the roots of the intrinsic value of decision rights: Evidence from France and Japan

Author: Tarroux, Benoît, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), and Dao, Taï
Subjects: [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

14. Localization of a Vehicle: A Dynamic Interval Constraint Satisfaction Problem-Based Approach

Author: Kueviakoe, Kangni, Wang, Zhan, Lambert, Alain, Frenoux, Emmanuelle, Tarroux, Philippe, Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Systèmes parallèles (LRI) (ParSys - LRI), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), and CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Computer Science::Robotics, Article Subject, lcsh:Technology (General), lcsh:T1-995, [INFO.INFO-RB]Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: This paper introduces a new interval constraint propagation (ICP) approach dealing with the real-time vehicle localization problem. Bayesian methods like extended Kalman filter (EKF) are classically used to achieve vehicle localization. ICP is an alternative which provides guaranteed localization results rather than probabilities. Our approach assumes that all models and measurement errors are bounded within known limits without any other hypotheses on the probability distribution. The proposed algorithm uses a low-level consistency algorithm and has been validated with an outdoor vehicle equipped with a GPS receiver, a gyro, and odometers. Results have been compared to EKF and other ICP methods such as hull consistency (HC4) and 3-bound (3B) algorithms. Both consistencies of EKF and our algorithm have been experimentally studied.
Published: 2018

15. The value of tax progressivity: Evidence from Survey experiment

Author: Tarroux, Benoît, Dao, Taï, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)
Subjects: [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

16. Le goût des autres

Author: Benoît Tarroux, Fabrice Le Lec, Marianne Lumeau, Université d'Angers (UA), Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management (GRANEM), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de l'Horticulture et du Paysage, SFR UA 4201 Confluences (CONFLUENCES), LABEX ICCA, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lille économie management - UMR 9221 (LEM), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de l'Horticulture et du Paysage, Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0502 economics and business, 05 social sciences, 050211 marketing, 050207 economics, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Cet article étudie pourquoi certains individus ont tendance à adopter des comportements de consommation conformistes. Plus précisément, notre attention se porte sur l’analyse des préférences intrinsèques pour la conformité : les préférences des individus auraient tendance à converger vers celles des autres, même dans des contextes où il n’existe pas d’incertitude quant à la qualité des biens et où les choix des individus ne peuvent être observés. Pour cela, nous avons conçu une expérience au cours de laquelle les sujets reportaient la satisfaction procurée par deux biens usuels testés en laboratoire, puis en donnaient une évaluation monétaire. Dans un premier traitement, les sujets étaient « isolés », alors que dans un deuxième traitement, une information sur le choix effectué par d’autres sujets leur était fournie juste avant les évaluations monétaires des biens. Nos résultats montrent que les sujets sont sensibles au choix des autres de manière asymétrique. Lorsque les sujets rapportent une plus grande satisfaction pour le bien également choisi par les autres, cette information n’affecte pas la valorisation monétaire des biens. En revanche, les sujets ayant des goûts différents de ceux des autres ont tendance à réduire la différence de valorisation entre le bien préféré et l’autre.
Published: 2017

17. Flexible flight response to challenging wind conditions in a commuting Antarctic seabird: do you catch the drift?

Author: Sébastien Descamps, David H. Bromwich, Øystein Varpe, Henri Weimerskirch, Yves Cherel, Akiko Kato, Arnaud Tarroux, Nigel G. Yoccoz, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Shih-Yu Wang, Norvegian Polar Research Institute (NPRI), Norwegian Polar Institute, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø (UiT), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Heading (navigation), airspeed, Foraging, Airspeed, Petrel, flying tactics, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, orientation, biology.animal, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biology, business.industry, Ecology, drift, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, central-place foraging, biology.organism_classification, Procellariiformes, 13. Climate action, Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Thalassoica antarctica, Global Positioning System, Environmental science, Animal Science and Zoology, flight height, Seabird, business
Abstract: International audience; Flight is intrinsically an energetically costly way of moving and birds have developed morphological,physiological and behavioural adaptations to minimize these costs. Central-place foraging seabirdscommute regularly between nesting and foraging areas, providing us with opportunities to investigatetheir behavioural response to environmental conditions that may affect flight, such as wind. Here wetested hypotheses on how wind conditions influence flight behaviour in situations devoid of the confoundingeffect that, for instance, active foraging behaviour can have on movement patterns. We studiedthe Antarctic petrel, Thalassoica antarctica, a seabird breeding far inland in Antarctica and commutingthrough vast ice-covered areas characterized by steady and strong winds as well as a strict absence offoraging opportunities. We combined the three-dimensional location data from 79 GPS tracks with atmosphericwind data over three consecutive breeding seasons (2011e2013) in order to assess individualflight responses to wind conditions. Antarctic petrels encountered generally unfavourable winds,particularly during return flights. Despite their capacity to adjust their speed and heading in order tomaintain constant track direction (compensation) in the strongest winds, they generally drifted as windstrengthened. Strong winds induced low-altitude flight. Birds tended to otherwise fly relatively high, butat altitudes with more favourable winds than what they would have encountered if flying higher. Ourresults show that commuting Antarctic petrels: (1) can tolerate a certain amount of drift according towind conditions and (2) might be more limited by their ability to assess drift, rather than compensate forit, at least during returning flights.
Published: 2016

18. At-sea distribution and prey selection of Antarctic petrels and commercial krill fisheries

Author: Arnaud Tarroux, Sébastien Descamps, Akiko Kato, Georg Skaret, Bjørn A. Krafft, Øystein Varpe, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Olav Rune Godø, Svein-Håkon Lorentsen, Yves Cherel, Karine Delord, Norvegian Polar Research Institute (NPRI), Norwegian Polar Institute, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Marine Research (Norway), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Akvaplan-Niva [Tromsø], Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Euphausia, Predation, lcsh:Medicine, 01 natural sciences, Geographical Locations, Foraging, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, Animal Behavior, Ecology, Geography, biology, Applied Mathematics, Simulation and Modeling, Petrels, Agriculture, Trophic Interactions, Seabirds, Community Ecology, Vertebrates, Physical Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Thalassoica antarctica, Seabird, Algorithms, Research Article, Competitive Behavior, Food Chain, Krill, Fishing, Fisheries, Antarctic Regions, Petrel, Research and Analysis Methods, 010603 evolutionary biology, Birds, Kernel Methods, biology.animal, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Behavior, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Feeding Behavior, biology.organism_classification, Fishery, Antarctic krill, Predatory Behavior, People and Places, Amniotes, Antarctica, lcsh:Q, Euphausiacea, Zoology, Mathematics
Abstract: International audience; Commercial fisheries may impact marine ecosystems and affect populations of predatorslike seabirds. In the Southern Ocean, there is an extensive fishery for Antarctic krill Euphausiasuperba that is projected to increase further. Comparing distribution and prey selectionof fishing operations versus predators is needed to predict fishery-related impacts on krilldependentpredators. In this context, it is important to consider not only predators breedingnear the fishing grounds but also the ones breeding far away and that disperse during thenon-breeding season where they may interact with fisheries. In this study, we first quantifiedthe overlap between the distribution of the Antarctic krill fisheries and the distribution of akrill dependent seabird, the Antarctic petrel Thalassoica antarctica, during both the breedingand non-breeding season. We tracked birds from the world biggest Antarctic petrel colony(Svarthamaren, Dronning Maud Land), located >1000 km from the main fishing areas, duringthree consecutive seasons. The overall spatial overlap between krill fisheries and Antarcticpetrels was limited but varied greatly among and within years, and was high in someperiods during the non-breeding season. In a second step, we described the length frequencydistribution of Antarctic krill consumed by Antarctic petrels, and compared thiswith results from fisheries, as well as from diet studies in other krill predators. Krill taken byAntarctic petrels did not differ in size from that taken by trawls or from krill taken by most Antarctickrill predators. Selectivity for specific Antarctic krill stages seems generally low in Antarcticpredators. Overall, our results show that competition between Antarctic petrels andkrill fisheries is currently likely negligible. However, if krill fisheries are to increase in thefuture, competition with the Antarctic petrel may occur, even with birds breeding thousandsof kilometers away.
Published: 2016

19. Robust normative comparisons of socially risky situations

Author: Nicolas Gravel, Benoît Tarroux, Groupement de Recherche en Économie Quantitative d'Aix-Marseille (GREQAM), École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)
Subjects: jel:C81, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D3 - Distribution, Economics and Econometrics, jel:D81, unemployment, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers/J.J6.J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search, media_common.quotation_subject, jel:D63, Social Welfare, jel:J64, dominance, jel:J63, JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty/I.I3.I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty, Microeconomics, Unanimity, Economics, expected poverty, media_common, risk, Social welfare, [QFIN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin], Poverty, expected poverty,dominance,risk,Social welfare,unemployment, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty/D.D8.D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty, jel:I32, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Dominance (ethology), Workforce, Unemployment, JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods/C.C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology • Computer Programs/C.C8.C81 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data • Data Access, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D6 - Welfare Economics/D.D6.D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement, Normative, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers/J.J6.J63 - Turnover • Vacancies • Layoffs, jel:D3, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), Risk, Dominance, ex-ante Social Welfare, Expected Poverty, Unemployment, Crime, Public finance
Abstract: In this paper, we characterize and empirically implement robust normative criteria for comparing societies on the basis of their allocations of risks among their members. Risks are modelled as lotteries on the set of distributions of state-contingent pecuniary consequences. Individuals are assumed to have individualistic Von Neuman-Morgenstern preferences for these risks. Appealing to Harsanyi’s aggregation theorem, we provide empirically implementable criteria that coincide with the unanimity, over all such individual preferences, of anonymous and Pareto-inclusive Von Neuman Morgenstern social rankings of risks. The empirically implementable criteria can be interpreted as sequential expected poverty dominance. Illustrations of the usefulness of the criteria for comparing the exposure to unemployment risk of different segments of the French and US workforce and for appraising the evolution, over time, of risks of violent crimes in India are also provided.
Published: 2015

20. Comparing two-dimensional distributions: a questionnaire-experimental approach

Author: Benoît Tarroux, Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, 05 social sciences, Multidimensional distribution, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Correlation, Empirical research, 0502 economics and business, JEL: D - Microeconomics/D.D6 - Welfare Economics/D.D6.D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement, Econometrics, JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty/I.I3.I30 - General, 050206 economic theory, Statistical dispersion, questionnaire-experimental, 050207 economics, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), Mathematics
Abstract: International audience; This paper aims to study the extent to which people's intuitions about the distribution of two attributes within a society are consistent with the different axiomatizations proposed by economists. In particular, the objective is to compare the empirical support for two alternative principles, namely aversion to dispersion of attributes and aversion to correlation between attributes. Using a questionnaire approach, most people are found to be averse to correlation rather than averse to dispersion.
Published: 2015

21. Production and role of epicormic shoots in pruned hybrid poplar: effects of clone, pruning season and intensity

Author: Emilie Tarroux, Annie DesRochers, and Vincent Maurin
Subjects: Branch, Ecology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Crown (botany), Diameter at breast height, Growing season, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Biology, Tree physiology, Horticulture, Epicormic shoot, Populus, Shoot, Botany, Pruning, Silviculture, Woody plant
Abstract: International audience; Key message Pruning one third of crown length in summer produced the least number of epicormic branches after two growing seasons. Epicormic branches can be removed without compromising tree growth.•ContextThe formation of epicormic shoots is often observed following pruning treatments, but their role in the overall tree growth is unknown.•AimsThe objectives of this study were to examine how pruning intensity and season affect the production of epicormic branches and how their presence (or removal) affects tree growth and total non-structural carbohydrate reserves in the roots.•MethodsTrees from four hybrid poplar clones were pruned in fall, spring, and summer at two intensities 1/3 and 2/3 of the crown length and an unpruned control. Produced epicormic branches were removed from half the trees.•ResultsPruning intensity and season were the most important factors affecting the number and biomass of epicormic shoots while clone was not. Pruning 1/3 crown length in summer reduced the emergence of epicormic shoots compared to 2/3 and spring or fall pruning. Two years after pruning, the removal of epicormic shoots did not affect height or diameter at breast height of trees, and their presence did not restore root total non-structural carbohydrates reserves to unpruned levels.•ConclusionWe concluded that pruning should be done in summer at 1/3 of the crown length to reduce epicormic shoot formation and to avoid decreases in stem growth. If epicormic shoots appear, they can be removed without compromising tree growth.
Published: 2015

22. A new on-line learning method for coping with recurring concepts: the ADACC system

Author: Ghazal Jaber, Antoine Cornuéjols, Philippe Tarroux, Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA-Paris), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: Coping (psychology), Error-driven learning, Concept drift, business.industry, Computer science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], online learning, ensemble methods, 02 engineering and technology, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, concept drift, Ensemble learning, 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Learning methods, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, business, computer
Abstract: When the environment changes, as is increasingly the case when considering unending streams and long-life learning tasks, it is necessary to rely on on-line learning with the capability to adapt to changing conditions a.k.a. concept drifts. Previous works have focused on means to detect changes and to adapt to them. Ensemble methods relying on committees of base learners have been among the most successful approaches. In this paper, we introduce a new second-order learning mechanism that is able to detect relevant states of the environment in order to recognize recurring contexts and act pro-actively to concepts changes. Empirical comparisons with existing methods on well-known data sets show the advantage of the proposed algorithm.
Published: 2013

23. Online learning : searching for the best forgetting strategy under concept drift

Author: Antoine Cornuéjols, Ghazal Jaber, Philippe Tarroux, Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA-Paris), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)
Subjects: Forgetting, Concept drift, Computer science, business.industry, Data stream mining, Online learning, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ensemble methods, 02 engineering and technology, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, concept drift, Ensemble learning, Lead (geology), 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, business, computer
Abstract: Learning from data streams in the presence of concept drifts has become an important application area. When the environment changes, it is necessary to rely on on-line learning with the capability to forget outdated information. Ensemble methods have been among the most successful approaches because they do not need hard-coded and difficult to obtain prior knowledge about the changes in the environment. However, the management of the committee of experts which ultimately controls how past data is forgotten has not been thoroughly investigated so far. This paper shows the importance of the forgetting strategy by comparing several approaches. The results lead us to propose a new ensemble method which compares favorably with the well-known CDC system based on the classical “replace the worst experts” forgetting strategy.
Published: 2013

24. Frustration as a way toward autonomy and self-improvement in robotic navigation

Author: Marwen Belkaid, Philippe Gaussier, Nicolas Cuperlier, Philippe Tarroux, Adrien Jauffret, Equipes Traitement de l'Information et Systèmes (ETIS - UMR 8051), CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA), Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), AUTOEVAL, and Cuperlier, Nicolas
Subjects: business.industry, Computer science, [INFO.INFO-RB] Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], Mobile robot, Robotics, 02 engineering and technology, Novelty detection, Mobile robot navigation, Robot control, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Robot, [INFO.INFO-RB]Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, Motion planning, business, Set (psychology), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Autonomy and self-improvment capabilities are still challenging in the fields of robotics. Allowing a robot to autonomously navigate wide and unknown environments not only requires a set of robust strategies to cope with miscellaneous situations, but also needs mechanisms of self-assesment for guiding learning and monitoring strategies. Monitoring strategies requires feedbacks on the behavior's quality, from a given fitness system, to take correct decisions. In this work, we focuse on how an emotional controller can be used to modulate robot behaviors. Following an incremental and constructivist approach, we present a generic neural architecture, based on an online novelty detection algorithm, that may be able to self-evaluate any sensori-motor strategies. This architecture learns contingencies between sensations and actions, giving the expected sensation based from the previous perception. Prediction error, coming from surprising events, provides a direct measure of the quality of the underlying sensori-motor contingencies involved. We show how a simple emotional controller based on the prediction progress allows the system to monitor its strategies to solve complex navigation tasks and communicate its disability in deadlock situations. We propose that this model could be a key structure toward self-monitoring. We made several experiments that can account for such properties for different behaviors (road following and Place Cells based navigation).
Published: 2013

25. Anticipative and Dynamic Adaptation to Concept Changes

Author: JABER, Ghazal, Cornuéjols, Antoine, Tarroux, Philippe, Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA-Paris), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech
Subjects: [STAT]Statistics [stat], prediction performance, algorithm, a.k.a concept drifts, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], learning mechanism, data stream, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Learning from data streams is emerging as an important application area. When the environment changes, as is increasingly the case when considering unending streams and long-life learning, it is necessary to rely on on-line learning with the capability to adapt to changing conditions a.k.a. concept drifts. Previous works have focused on means to detect changes and to adapt to them. Ensemble methods relying on committees of base learners have been among the most successful approaches. In this paper, we go one step further by introducing a second-order learning mechanism that is able to detect relevant states of the environment, to recognize recurring contexts and to anticipate likely concepts changes. Results of an empirical comparison with adaptive methods show that, for a very slight price in memory and computation load, the proposed algorithm always improves on, or at worst equals, the prediction performance of a mere adaptive approach.
Published: 2013

26. How Can a Robot Evaluate its own Behavior ? A Neural Model for Self-Assessment

Author: Nicolas Cuperlier, Philippe Tarroux, Philippe Gaussier, Adrien Jauffret, Caroline Grand, Equipes Traitement de l'Information et Systèmes (ETIS - UMR 8051), CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA), Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and Cuperlier, Nicolas
Subjects: Computer science, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, [INFO.INFO-RB] Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], Mobile robot, 02 engineering and technology, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Novelty detection, Mobile robot navigation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Perception, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Robot, [INFO.INFO-RB]Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Quality (business), Motion planning, Artificial intelligence, Set (psychology), business, computer, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, media_common
Abstract: International audience; Allowing a robot to autonomously navigate wide and unknown environments not only requires a set of robust strategies to cope with miscellaneous situations, but also needs mechanisms of self-assessment for guiding learning and monitoring strategies. Monitoring strategies requires feedbacks on the behavior's quality, from a given fitness system, to take correct decisions. In this work, we focus on how violations of expectations of such fitness system can be detected. Following an incremental and bio-mimetic approach, we first present two different sensorimotor strategies our robot can use to navigate: a Place Cells based strategy and a road following strategy. Then, we present a neural architecture that may be able to evaluate both navigation strategies. This model is based on an online novelty detection algorithm using a neural predictor. This neural predictor learns contingencies between sensations and actions, giving the expected sensation based from the previous perception. Prediction error, coming from surprising events, provides a direct measure of the quality of the underlying sensorimotor contingencies involved. We propose that this model might be a key structure toward self-assessment. We made several experiments that can account for such properties for both strategies.
Published: 2013

27. Frustration: a generic mechanism to improve autonomy in robotics

Author: Jauffret, Adrien, Belkaid, Marwen, Cuperlier, Nicolas, Gaussier, Philippe, Tarroux, Philippe, Equipes Traitement de l'Information et Systèmes (ETIS - UMR 8051), CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA), Neurocybernetique, CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA), Neurocybernétique, CPU, Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and Cuperlier, Nicolas
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-RB] Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], [INFO.INFO-RB]Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO]
Abstract: In this work, we focus on how an emotional controller can be used to modulate robot's behaviors. We present a generic neural architecture, based on an online novelty detection algorithm, that may be able to self-evaluate any sensori-motor strategies. We show how a simple mechanism based on the prediction progress allows the system to monitor its strategies and communicate its disability in deadlock situations. We made several experiments that can account for such properties for two different behaviors (road following and place cells based navigation) in a simulated environment
Published: 2013

28. AUTO-EVAL : Final Report for the period 2010-2013

Author: Gaussier, Philippe, Tarroux, Philippe, Cuperlier, Nicolas, Jauffret, Adrien, Equipes Traitement de l'Information et Systèmes (ETIS - UMR 8051), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), CPU, Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université de Paris Sud, and Cuperlier, Nicolas
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-AI] Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], [INFO.INFO-RB] Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], [INFO.INFO-NE] Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE], [INFO.INFO-RB]Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], [INFO.INFO-NE]Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE], [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Published: 2013

29. Multimodal integration of visual place cells and grid cells for navigation tasks of a real robot

Author: Nicolas Cuperlier, Philippe Gaussier, Philippe Tarroux, Adrien Jauffret, Neurocybernetique, Equipes Traitement de l'Information et Systèmes (ETIS - UMR 8051), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Neurocybernétique, CPU, Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), AUTO-EVAL, and Cuperlier, Nicolas
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-AI] Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], 0209 industrial biotechnology, Computer science, [INFO.INFO-NE] Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE], 02 engineering and technology, [INFO.INFO-NE]Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE], [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], 03 medical and health sciences, Bio-inspired robotics, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, 0302 clinical medicine, [INFO.INFO-RB]Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], Architecture, Artificial neural network, business.industry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [INFO.INFO-RB] Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Sensory-motor navigation & mapping, Grid cell, Multimodal integration, Robot, Artificial intelligence, Grid cells, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neural networks
Abstract: International audience; In the present study, we propose a model of multimodal place cells merging visual and proprioceptive primitives. First we will briefly present our previous sensory-motor architecture, highlighting limitations of a visual-only based system. Then we will introduce a new model of proprioceptive localization, giving rise to the so-called grid cells, wich are congruent with neurobiological studies made on rodent. Finally we will show how a simple conditionning rule between both modalities can outperform visual-only driven models by producing ro- bust multimodal place cells. Experiments show that this model enhances robot localization and also allows to solve some benchmark problems for real life robotics applications.
Published: 2012

30. Visual place recognition using bayesian filtering with markov chains

Author: Dubois, Mathieu, Guillaume, Hervé, Emmanuelle, Frenoux, Tarroux, Philippe, Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Architectures et Modèles pour l'Interaction (AMI), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), and CPU
Subjects: [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], [INFO.INFO-RB]Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO]
Abstract: International audience; We present a novel idea to use Bayesian filtering in the case of place recognition. More precisely, our system combines global image characterization, Learned Vector Quantization, Markov chains and Bayesian filtering. The goal is to integrate several images seen by a robot during exploration of the environment and the dependency between them. We present our system and the new Bayesian filtering algorithm. Our system has been evaluated on a standard database and shows promising results.
Published: 2012

31. Effect of species, root branching order and season on the root traits of 13 perennial grass species

Author: Catherine Picon-Cochard, Loïc Pagès, Emilie Tarroux, Lorna Dawson, Jean Robertson, Rémi Pilon, UR 0874 Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP)-Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques (EFPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), and The James Hutton Institute
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Root (linguistics), Perennial plant, Soil Science, Plant Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, Botany, Plant traits, 2. Zero hunger, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, prairie, food and beverages, Plant physiology, 15. Life on land, Root branching, Order (biology), Agronomy, respiration des racines, Trait, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, morphologie des racines, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Aims Inter-specific comparisons of plant traits may vary depending on intra-specific variation. Here we examine the impact of root branching order and season on key functional root traits for grass species.We also compare root traits among co-existing grass species as a step towards defining root trait syndromes. Methods Monocultures of 13 grass species, grown under field conditions and subjected to intensive management, were used to record root trait values for coarse roots (1st order, >0.3 mm), fine roots (2nd and 3rd orders
Published: 2012

32. Appraising unequal allocation of unequal individuals in a city

Author: Vincent, Pascaline, Chantreuil, F., Tarroux, Benoît, Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Louise-Rose, Naïla, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: urban areas, Segregation, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, neighbourhood, income inequality
Published: 2011

33. Temporal Bag-of-Words - A Generative Model for Visual Place Recognition using Temporal Integration

Author: Guillaume, Hervé, Dubois, Mathieu, Emmanuelle, Frenoux, Tarroux, Philippe, Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Architectures et Modèles pour l'Interaction (AMI), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), INSTICC, and Dubois, Mathieu
Subjects: Bag-of-Words, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], Generative learning, [INFO.INFO-RB] Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, [INFO.INFO-RB]Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], Place recognition, Temporal integration, [STAT.ML] Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML]
Abstract: International audience; This paper presents an original approach for visual place recognition and categorization. The simple idea behind our model is that, for a mobile robot, use of the previous frames, and not only the one, can ease recognition. We present an algorithm for integrating the answers from different images. In this perspective, scenes are encoded thanks to a global signature (the context of a scene) and then classified in an unsupervised way with a Self-Organizing Map. The prototypes form a visual dictionary which can roughly describe the environment. A place can then be learnt and represented through the frequency of the prototypes. This approach is a variant of Bag-of-Words approaches used in the domain of scene classification with the major difference that the different "words" are not taken from the same image but from temporally ordered images. Temporal integration allows us to use Bag-of-Words together with a global characterization of scenes. We evaluate our system with the COLD database. We perform a place recognition task and a place categorization task. Despite its simplicity, thanks to temporal integration of visual cues, our system achieves state-of-the-art performances.
Published: 2011

34. Predicting Concept Changes Using a Committee of Experts

Author: Antoine Cornuéjols, Philippe Tarroux, Ghazal Jaber, Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA-Paris), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Absent, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Bao-Liang Lu, Liqing Zhang, and James Kwok
Subjects: concept changes, business.industry, Computer science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 02 engineering and technology, changement de notion, Task (project management), Variety (cybernetics), prediction, 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, on-line learning, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, prédiction, Artificial intelligence, committee of experts, apprentissage en ligne, business
Abstract: In on-line machine learning, predicting changes is not a trivial task. In this paper, a novel prediction approach is presented, that relies on a committee of experts. Each expert is trained on a specific history of changes and tries to predict future changes. The experts are constantly modified based on their performance and the committee as a whole is thus dynamic and can adapt to a large variety of changes. Experimental results based on synthetic data show three advantages: (a) it can adapt to different types of changes, (b) it can use different types of prediction models and (c) the committee outperforms predictors trained on a priori fixed size history of changes.
Published: 2011

35. AUTO-EVAL Report for the period 2010-2011

Author: Gaussier, Philippe, Tarroux, Philippe, Cuperlier, Nicolas, Jauffret, Adrien, Equipes Traitement de l'Information et Systèmes (ETIS - UMR 8051), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), CPU, Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris sud, and Cuperlier, Nicolas
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-AI] Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], [INFO.INFO-RB] Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], [INFO.INFO-NE] Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE], [INFO.INFO-RB]Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], [INFO.INFO-NE]Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE], [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Published: 2011

36. Toward long range robot navigation

Author: Jauffret, Adrien, Cuperlier, Nicolas, Gaussier, Philippe, Tarroux, Philippe, Jauffret, Adrien, Equipes Traitement de l'Information et Systèmes (ETIS - UMR 8051), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Neurocybernetique, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), CPU, Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), DIGITEO, and AUTO-EVAL
Subjects: Multimodal integration, [INFO.INFO-AI] Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Bio-inspired robotics, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [INFO.INFO-RB] Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Sensory-motor navigation & mapping, [INFO.INFO-NE] Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE], [INFO.INFO-RB]Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], [INFO.INFO-NE]Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE], Grid cells, Neural networks, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; Following the concepts of bio-inspired robotic and a constructivist approach we present here integrated robotic control architectures resulting from a close feedback loop between experiments on animals and robots. Robust control architectures for mobile robot navigation in both indoor and outdoor a priori unknown environment are developped. This also leads to a better understanding of the mechanisms by which the brain processes spatial information. From a computational neuroscience view-point, our control architectures are based on a functional model of hippocampo-cortical interactions implicated when rats solve complex navigation tasks. After a short review of previous models, we highlight the difficulty to scale these control architectures to large environment. We propose to overcome these limitations with a new bio-robotic architecture modeling grid cells.
Published: 2011

37. Covert Attention with a Spiking Neural Network

Author: Sylvain Chevallier, Philippe Tarroux, Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Gasteratos, A., Vincze, M., and Tsotsos, and J.K.
Subjects: Spiking neural network, precise spike-timing, Quantitative Biology::Neurons and Cognition, business.industry, Computer science, spiking neurons, covert attention, saliency, [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, Stimulus (physiology), [INFO.INFO-NE]Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE], 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Covert, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; We propose an implementation of covert attention mechanisms with spiking neurons. Spiking neural models describe the activity of a neuron with precise spike-timing rather than ﬁring rate. We investigate the interests oﬀered by such a temporal code for low-level vision and early attentional process. This paper describes a spiking neural network which achieves saliency extraction and stable attentional focus of a moving stimulus. Experimental results obtained using real visual scene illustrate the robustness and the quickness of this approach.
Published: 2008

38. Visual focus with spiking neurons

Author: Sylvain Chevallier, Tarroux, P., Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), M. Verleysen, and Chevallier, Sylvain
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-TI] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], visual attention, [SCCO.COMP] Cognitive science/Computer science, spiking neurons, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], [INFO.INFO-NE] Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE], [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, neural field, [INFO.INFO-NE]Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE]
Abstract: International audience; Attentional focusing can be implemented with a neural ﬁeld, which uses a discharge rate code. As an alternative, we propose in the present work an implementation based on spiking neurons. Such implementation will allow to investigate the possible contribution of a spike time based code with a network of leaky integrate-and-ﬁre neurons. The network is able to detect and to focus on a stimulus even in the presence of distractors. Experimental data show that this behavior is very robust to noise. This process implements an early visual attention mechanism.
Published: 2008

39. Implémentation d'un mécanisme de 'covert attention' avec un réseau de neurones impulsionnels

Author: Chevallier, Sylvain, Tarroux, Philippe, Perrinet, Laurent, Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: Artificial neural networks, Vision, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Attention, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Spiking neurons
Abstract: ISBN : 978-2-9532965-0-1; Nous proposons une implémentation possible de mécanismes de covert attention avec des neurones impulsionnels. Nous nous sommes intéressés aux intérêts qu'offre l'utilisation d'un code temporel, tel que celui produit par des neurones impulsionnels, pour les processus attentionnels et de vision bas-niveau en vision artificielle. Ce papier décrit un réseau de neurones capable d'extraire des saillances et focaliser son attention sur un stimulus en mouvement. Les résultats expérimentaux obtenus sur des vrais séquences d'images montrent la robustesse et la rapidité de cette approche.
Published: 2008

40. Probabilistic models for object recognition in artificial vision

Author: Guillaume, Hervé, Cuperlier, N., Tarroux, Philippe, Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and LIMSI-CNRS
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-RB]Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Published: 2007

41. Contribution of spike timing to the information transmitted by HVC neurons

Author: Catherine Del Negro, Nicolas Lebas, Chloé Huetz, Philippe Tarroux, Jean-Marc Edeline, Neurobiologie de l'apprentissage, de la mémoire et de la communication (NAMC), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: Male, Cell type, Canaries, Time Factors, Population, Action Potentials, Sensory system, Cell Communication, Stimulus (physiology), Information theory, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Animals, education, 030304 developmental biology, Neurons, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Communication, Behavior, Animal, biology, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Brain, biology.organism_classification, Songbird, Electrophysiology, Pattern Recognition, Physiological, Auditory Perception, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Vocalization, Animal, business, Neural coding, Neuroscience, Mathematics, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: In many species, neurons with highly selective stimulus-response properties characterize higher order sensory areas and/or sensory motor areas of the CNS. In the songbird nuclei, the responses of HVC (used as a proper name) neurons during playback of the bird's own song (BOS) are probably one of the most striking examples of selectivity for natural stimuli. We examined here to what extent spike-timing carries information about natural and time-reversed versions of the BOS. From a heterogenous population of 107 HVC neurons recorded in long-day or short-day conditions, a standard indicator of stimulus preference based on spike-count (the d' index) indicates that a limited proportion of cells can be classified as selective for the BOS (20% with a |d'| > 1). In contrast, quantifying the information conveyed by spike trains with the metric-space of J.D. Victor & K.P Purpura [(1996) J. Neurophysiol., 76, 1310-1326] indicates that 62% of the cells display significant amounts of transmitted information, among which 77% are 'temporal cells'. 'Temporal cells' correspond to cells transmitting significant amounts of information when spike-timing is considered, whereas no information, or lower amounts of transmitted information, is obtained when only spike-count is considered. Computing a correlation index between spike trains [S. Schreiber et al. (2003) Neurocomputing, 52-54,925-931] revealed that spike-timing reliability is higher for the forward than for the reverse BOS, whatever the day length and the cell type are. Cells classified as selective in terms of spike-counts (d' index) had greater amounts of transmitted information, but cells classified as non-selective (d' < 0.5) can also transmit significant amounts of information. Thus, information theory methods demonstrate that a much larger proportion of neurons than expected based on spike-count only participate in the discrimination between stimuli.
Published: 2006

42. Saliency extraction with a distributed spiking neural network

Author: Chevallier, Sylvain, Tarroux, Philippe, Paugam-Moisy, Hélène, Chevallier, Sylvain, M. Verleysen, Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut des Sciences Cognitives (ISC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon
Subjects: spiking neurons, saliency, [SCCO.COMP] Cognitive science/Computer science, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [INFO.INFO-NE] Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE], [INFO.INFO-GR] Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, [INFO.INFO-NE]Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE], rank order coding, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], computer vision
Abstract: International audience; We present a distributed spiking neuron network (SNN) for handling low-level visual perception in order to extract salient locations in robot camera images. We describe a new method which reduce the computional load of the whole system, stemming from our choices of architecture. We also describe a modeling of post-synaptic potential, which allows to quickly compute the contribution of a sum of incoming spikes to a neuron's membrane potential. The interests of this saliency extraction method, which differs from classical image processing, are also exposed.
Published: 2006

43. Extraction de saillances par un réseau de neurones impulsionnels

Author: Chevallier, Sylvain, Tarroux, Philippe, Chevallier, Sylvain, Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-TI] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Attention Visuelle, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [INFO.INFO-NE] Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE], Neurones Impulsionnels, [INFO.INFO-NE]Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE], Saillance
Abstract: National audience; Nous proposons une architecture de la vision pré-attentionnelle qui permet d'extraire des saillances dans des scènes visuelles complexes. Cette architecture est composée de neurones impulsionnels qui rendent possible l'obtention des saillances directement dans l'ordre de leur importance. Nous décrivons un moyen rapide d'intégrer les contributions d'une somme de PSP au potentiel membranaire. Nous présentons un exemple de résultat obtenu à partir d'images acquises par la caméra d'un robot.
Published: 2006

44. Nouveaux résultats en classification à l'aide d'un codage par motifs fréquents

Author: Jouteau, Sébastien, Cornuéjols, Antoine, Sebag, Michele, Tarroux, Philippe, Liénard, Jean-Sylvain, Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA-Paris), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; Le nombre nécessairement limité de données ne permet pas de distinguer sûrement entre les régularités réelles et les régularités accidentelles lorsque les données sont décrites par un grand nombre d’attributs. Nous présentons ici une méthode radicalement nouvelle de recodage des données qui consiste à chercher des motifs fréquents (avec un taux de couver- ture faible) dans les données et à les utiliser pour coder les entrées. Cette méthode a été testée dans le cadre d’une application de classification de scènes naturelles. Une partie des images disponibles a été utilisée pour identifier 1000 motifs fréquents, grâce à un algorithme spéciale- ment adapté. Ces motifs ont ensuite été employés pour coder les images. La classification des images restantes a alors été réalisée par une méthode de classification par plus proches voisins. Les résultats obtenus sur cette tâche sont très nettement supérieurs à ceux obtenus jusque là par une méthode neuronale à base de fonctions radiales.
Published: 2003

45. Electrophorese bidimensionnelle des proteines

Author: Damerval, C., De Vienne, D., Zivy, M., Tarroux, P., Vincens, P., Génétique Végétale (GV), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, BIOCHIMIE
Abstract: Cahier nø58
Published: 1993

46. ACTINOCEPHALUS PUISSEGURI n. sp. GRÉGARINE PARASITE DE CHRYSOCARABUS PUNCTATO-AURATUS Germarv SOUS-ESPÈCE BARTHEI Laponge

Author: TUZET, Odette, TARROUX, Monique, Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and HAL UPMC, Gestionnaire
Subjects: [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, [SDV.MP.PRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology, [SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 1959

47. DOCUMENTS FAUNISTIQUES ET ÉCOLOGIQUES

Author: Laubier, Lucien, TUZET, Odette, TARROUX, Monique, Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and HAL UPMC, Gestionnaire
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 1959

48. 'Spectres d'Europe : Jacques Derrida lecteur de Valéry'

Author: Zaccarello, Benedetta, Zaccarello, Benedetta, and Stéphane Tarroux
Subjects: Europe, Jacques Derrida, [SHS.PHIL] Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, Paul Valéry, Marx, Spectres
Abstract: Cet article se penche sur les lectures de textes de Paul Valéry par Jacques Derrida, tout en mettant en valeur l'importance de la thématique de l'Europe dans la relation du philosophe de "Marges de la philosophie" aux poète de "La Jeune parque"
Published: 2023

49. Essais sur la ségrégation et l'identité en France

Author: Vincent, Pascaline, Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes, Benoît Tarroux, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Rennes 1, and STAR, ABES
Subjects: Ethnic Identity, Identité, Segregation, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Migrants, Identité ethnique, Identity, City, Immigrants, Assimilation, Income, Ville, Revenu, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
Abstract: This thesis focuses on the study of urban segregation, ie the isolation both social and spatial of certain groups of individuals within cities. Also, to characterize groups of individuals and measure their degree of social integration, this thesis focuses on the definition and measurement of identity, defined as a person' sense of self. In the first chapter we focus on a measure of urban segregation, proposing a theoretical and empirical analysis of an index of Economic segregation on a continuous variable (the income) in France. We then are interested in a second chapter by the social integration of immigrants and children of immigrants in France where the ethnic identity of individuals is an expression of this integration. This chapter introduces an index that allows continuous measurement of ethnic identity and captures a certain distance in identity. We compare this index with other usual measures in the literature and study the socio-economic determinants of ethnic identity. Finally, in the third chapter, we focus on the effects of urban segregation in the degree of cooperation and trust of individuals. We study the potential impact of the neighborhood residency of a person on his trust . For this, we perform an experimental study in different schools in Rennes among teenagers., Cette thèse porte sur l’étude des phénomènes de ségrégation urbaine, c’est à dire l’isolement à la fois social et spatial de certains groupes d’individus au sein des villes. Également, afin de caractériser les groupes d’individus et mesurer leur degré d’intégration sociale, cette thèse s’intéresse à la définition et à la mesure de l’identité, définie comme le sentiment que l’on a de soi. Dans un premier chapitre nous nous intéressons à une mesure de la ségrégation urbaine, en proposant une analyse théorique et empirique d’un indice de ségrégation économique sur une variable continue (les revenus) en France. Nous nous intéressons ensuite dans un second chapitre à l’intégration sociale des immigrés et enfants d’immigrés en France où l’identité ethnique des individus est une expression de cette intégration. Ce chapitre introduit un indice qui permet une mesure continue de l’identité ethnique et permet de capturer une certaine distance identitaire. Nous comparons cet indice à d’autres mesures usuelles de la littérature et étudions les déterminants socio-économiques de l’identité ethnique. Enfin, dans un troisième chapitre, nous nous intéressons aux effets de la ségrégation urbaine sur le degré de coopération et de confiance des individus. Il s’agit dans ce chapitre d’étudier l’impact que peut avoir le quartier de résidence d’un individu sur sa confiance aux autres. Pour cela, nous réalisons une étude expérimentale dans différents quartiers rennais auprès de collégiens de 3ème.
Published: 2015

50. Guaranteed multi-sensor localisation : solving a constraint satisfaction problem

Author: Kueviakoe, Kangni, Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université - UFR d'Ingénierie (UFR 919), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, Alain Lambert, and Philippe Tarroux
Subjects: Fusion de données, CSP, Propagation de contraintes, Localization, GPS, Analyse par intervalles, [INFO.INFO-OH]Computer Science [cs]/Other [cs.OH], Interval analysis, Véhicule, Data fusion, Constraint propagation, Localisation, Vehicle
Abstract: This thesis deals with the vehicle locationand addresses the problem of SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping). Several methods are used to solve this kind of problem. They can be classified into two broad categories of approaches: probabilistic approach and deterministic approaches. This work addresses the deterministic approaches and more precisely the approach based on interval analysis. The work has been conducted on real data sets collected in outdoor environments with proprioceptive and exteroceptive sensors.When multiple sensors providing complementary or redundant information are put into play, it is important to merge the data to improve the estimated pose. The approach detailed in this document uses the intervals methods and presents the localization problem as a constraint satisfaction problem.The resolution is done using a solver interval. Several solvers were compared. One thing is clear: local consistency algorithms do not address the uncertainty of the orientation. This thesis proposes a method of locating usable in real time applications and corrects the uncertainty in the heading of the vehicle. We compared our results with those of the extended Kalman filter (probabilistic reference method) and highlighted one of the interests of our method: the assurance of consistency of the pose (position and orientation of the mobile).This thesis proposes two contributions. The first is methodological. In the state of the art all works affirm the need (or obligation) to pre-decompose the constraints of the problem before the resolution step. Our work allows to prove otherwise. The second contribution relates to the reduction of the orientation uncertainty by combining constraint propagation and a bisection approach.; Cette thèse traite de la localisation de véhicule. Plusieurs méthodes sont utilisées pour résoudre ce type de problème. Elles peuvent être classées en deux grandes catégories d’approches : les approches probabilistes et les approches déterministes.Ce travail aborde les approches déterministes et plus précisément l'approche ensembliste basée sur l'analyse par intervalles. Les travaux ont été conduits sur des jeux de données réelles collectées en environnements d'extérieur comprenant des capteurs proprioceptifs et extéroceptifs.Lorsque l'on met en jeu plusieurs capteurs fournissant des informations complémentaires ou redondantes, il est important de fusionner les données afin d'améliorer la pose estimée. L'approche détaillée dans ce document utilise les méthodes intervalles et présente le problème de la localisation sous la forme d'un problème de satisfaction de contraintes.La résolution se fait à l'aide d’un solveur à intervalles. Plusieurs algorithmes ont été comparés. Un constat s'est dégagé : les algorithmes de consistance locale ne corrigent pas l'incertitude sur l’orientation. Cette thèse propose une méthode de localisation utilisable dans des applications temps réel et qui corrige l'incertitude sur le cap du véhicule. Nous avons comparé nos résultats à ceux du filtre de Kalman étendu (méthode probabiliste de référence) et mis en avant un des intérêts de notre méthode : l'assurance d'une consistance de la pose (position et orientation du mobile).Cette thèse propose deux contributions. La première est d'ordre méthodologique. Dans l'état de l'art tous les travaux affirment la nécessité (voire l'obligation) d'une décomposition préalable des contraintes du problème avant l'étape de résolution. Nos travaux permettent de prouver le contraire. La deuxième contribution concerne la réduction du domaine de l'incertitude en orientation en couplant la propagation de contraintes et une approche de bissection.
Published: 2014

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