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International audience; Polychelidan lobsters are decapod crustaceans characterized by their four to five pairs of claws. The first description of a polychelidan lobster dates back to 1817, and since then, numerous species have been described with varying level of details. This situation sometimes led to the description of synonymous species, and more generally, led to a lack of overview on the group systematic and evolutionary history. Herein, we review Proeryon¸ one of the most diversified and stratigraphically widespread polychelidan. We argue that Proeryon is closely allied to Tethyseryon and Gabaleryon and propose to assign them to Proeryoninae nov. subfam., which are mainly characterized by their hemicircular ocular incision, postorbital and branchial carinae not joined together, and axial carina on pleonites cut by transverse grooves. Proeryon is in turn characterized by its marked cervical and hepatic incisions, simple posterolateral spines and arched uropodal exopod diaeresis. Thus defined, we assign the following species to Proeryon: P. charbonnieri, P. giganteus, P. hauffi, P. laticaudatus, P. richardsoni, P. stoddarti and two unnamed species from the Hauterivian of Germany and Switzerland, respectively. In addition, we refer to Proeryon, with some reservations, two new species,?Proeryon quiltyi from the Callovian of Antarctica and?Proeryon erinaceus from the Oxfordian of France. Proeryon has highly discontinuous but large stratigraphic (Pliensbachian – Hauterivian: about 60 MA) and palaeogeographic (from United Kingdom to Siberia, and to Antarctica) distribution. Most of these species occurs in relatively deep neritic or deeper palaeoenvironments. It is possible that this deep-sea dwelling is one of the reasons why Proeryon survived so long. Also, we note the presence of abundant oysters living as epibionts on some specimens of Proeryon hartmanni. Their disposition and number suggest that P. hartmanni was an epibenthic animal.; Les Polychelida sont des crustacés décapodes caractérisés par la présence de quatre à cinq paires de pinces. La première espèce de Polychelida a été décrite en 1817 ; depuis, de nombreuses espèces ont été décrites avec plus ou moins de détails. Cette hétérogénéité a abouti à la description de nombreuses espèces synonymes, limitant notre compréhension de la systématique et de l’évolution des Polychelida. Dans cet article, nous réétudions Proeryon, l’un des genres de Polychelida les plus diversifiés et possédant une grande répartition stratigraphique. Proeryon semble proche de Tethyseryon et Gabaleryon ; nous proposons donc de réunir ces trois genres au sein des Proeryoninae nov. subfam., caractérisés par une incision oculaire hémicirculaire, une carène postorbitaire distincte de la carène branchiale et la carène axiale des pléonites recoupée par les sillons transversaux. Proeryon se distingue par ses incisions cervicales et hépatiques marquées, ses épines postérolatérales simples et sa diérèse arquée sur l’exopode de l’uropode. Ainsi, nous incluons dans Proeryon les espèces suivantes : P. charbonnieri, P. giganteus, P. hauffi, P. laticaudatus, P. richardsoni, P. stoddarti et deux espèces de l’Hauterivien d’Allemagne et de Suisse restées en nomenclature ouverte. De plus, nous suggérons que ?Proeryon quiltyi du Callovien d’Antarctique et?Proeryon erinaceus de l’Oxfordien de France sont également des Proeryon. La répartition stratigraphique (Plienbachien-Hauterivien) et paléogéographique (du Royaume Uni à la Sibérie) de Proeryon est très étendue mais également extrêmement discontinue. La plupart des espèces de Proeryon proviennent de paléoenvironnements néritiques assez profonds. Il est imaginable que la vie en milieux profonds soit une des raisons expliquant comment Proeryon a survécu si longtemps. D’autre part, nous notons d’abondantes huîtres vivant en épibiontes sur certains spécimens de Proeryon hartmanni. Leur disposition et abondance suggèrent que P. hartmanni était un animal épibenthique.

International audience; The horizontal and vertical distribution of mosquito species was studied in Maromizaha rainforest, Madagascar. In November 2014, horizontal distribution was studied using light traps that were placed in four habitat types, ranging from degraded forest to primary rainforest. In November to December 2016, vertical distribution was studied using light traps placed near to the ground and elevated near the canopy. From the horizontal survey, 476 adults were collected: Uranotaenia (52.10%) and Culex (35.2%) were the most abundant genera. The highest numbers of mosquitoes were observed in the rainforest edge habitat, while the highest mosquito diversity was observed within primary rainforest. From the vertical survey, 276 adults were collected: Culex was the most abundant genus and represented 75.70% of adults caught. Mosquitoes were more abundant in traps placed near the ground than those near the canopy. The highest species diversity was observed near the canopy. The higher abundance of mosquitoes at the forest edge agrees with the role of this zone as an ecotone between intact rainforest and the nearest human habitation. Increased mosquito abundance in lower strata might heighten their contact with particular vertebrate hosts. The presence of vectors in different habitats and in varying elevations likely influences the risk of pathogen transmission between animals and humans in this rainforest.

International audience; Plusieurs spécimens fossiles d’arthropodes marins inédits, conservés au Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle à Paris (France) et provenant des Calcaires lithographiques de Solnhofen et de Nusplingen (Jurassique supérieur, Allemagne), sont décrits et illustrés. Nous décrivons notamment des spécimens d’Antrimpos undenarius Schweigert, 2001, d’Eryma modestiforme (Schlotheim, 1822) et de Mecochirus longimanatus (Schlotheim, 1820). Mecochirus foresti Secrétan, 1968 est considéré comme un synonyme plus récent de Mecochirus longimanatus. Une révision des spécimens décrits précédemment est également réalisée. Cet article fournit ainsi de nouvelles informations sur les espèces d’Antrimpos présentes dans les Plattenkalks de Solnhofen et donne un aperçu complet des arthropodes marins fossiles provenant de ces localités et disponibles au MNHN.

International audience; An annotated checklist of the fish species of the Madagascar EEZ (southwestern Indian Ocean) comprises a total of 1,798 species in 247 families. 158 species are recorded from Madagascar for the first time. The majority of the species is autochthonous; 28 species have been introduced, mainly in freshwater habitats. The fish fauna is mostly marine (95.4% of the total number of native fish species), with the Gobiidae, Labridae, Serranidae, Pomacentridae and Apogonidae being the families with most representatives; among the 90 native freshwater fish species (adults mainly occurring in freshwater), the Cichlidae are the dominating family, but there are also two endemic families, the Bedotiidae (16 species) and Anchariidae (6 species). The fish fauna at Madagascar is typical for offshore, high islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean. Zoogeographically, the main element of the marine fish fauna of Madagascar consists of widespread tropical Indo-Pacific species (978 species, 58.3% of the total native marine species). A total of 13 species (3.3%) are found worldwide, either circumtropical or circumtropical including warm temperate zones. A total of 215 species (12.8%) are found worldwide, either circumtropical or circumtropical including warm temperate zones. An additional 453 species (27.0%) are Indian Ocean endemics, including 233 western Indian Ocean endemics (13.9%), 73 southwestern Indian Ocean endemics (4.4%), 16 species endemic to Madagascar and Mascarenes (1.0%), 4 species endemic to Madagascar and Comoros (0.2%), 3 species endemic to Madagascar and Madagascar Ridge(0.2%), and 37 marine species endemic to Madagascar (2.2%). Most of the autochthonous freshwater fishes are endemic to Madagascar (87 species, 96.7% of the native freshwater species).

International audience; Polychelidan lobsters are decapod crustaceans with a unique anatomy: a dorsoventrally flattened carapace, four to five pairs of chelate appendages and a completely reduced rostrum. These crustaceans, like most other malacostracans, are mostly preserved in outcrops in which exceptional preservation occurs, Fossil-Konservat-Lagerstätten. Unfortunately, Lagerstätten are rare, and therefore disjointed both geographically and stratigraphically. This study focuses on a new genus of polychelidan lobster, Gabaleryon gen. nov., with the description of two new Toarcian species, Gabaleryon coquelae sp. nov. from France and G. garassinoi sp. nov. from Italy. The long-standing question of the generic assignment of Eryon moorei (Toarcian, UK) is resolved and the species is ascribed to Gabaleryon. The occurrences of these three species and a fourth, Gabaleryon sp. 1 (Toarcian, Germany), provide a first palaeobiogeographical indication that the Fossil-Lagerstätten in which they occur were linked during Toarcian times. The occurrence of a possible fifth species of Gabaleryon in the late Bajocian–early Bathonian of France may extend the stratigraphical distribution of the new genus. Finally, these new species increase our knowledge of fossil polychelidans and place the Toarcian as their second peak of palaeobiodiversity, after that at the Kimmeridgian–Tithonian boundary. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:073513BD-A0D8-4A5B-B9DE-1C61781077DC © 2016 The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London 2016. All Rights Reserved

International audience; Polychelidan lobsters (Decapoda: Polychelida) are crustaceans with extant species which are restricted to deep water environments. Fossil species, however, used to live in more varied palaeoenvironments, from shallow water to deep water, and were more diverse morphologically. We redescribe two species of polychelidan lobsters, the Late Triassic Rosenfeldia triasica Garassino, Teruzzi & Dalla Vecchia, 1996 and the Late Jurassic Eryon oppeli Woodward, 1866, recently assigned to the same genus, Rosenfeldia, based upon only a few characters. Our investigation of all available material of both species leads us to distinguish these two species and to erect Rogeryon gen. nov. to accommodate Eryon oppeli. The palaeobiology of both species is interpreted for the first time. Rosenfeldia triasica with its stout first pereiopods and mandibles with both incisor and molar processes (documented for the first time in Polychelida) was benthic and probably fed either on slow-moving sedentary preys or was a scavenger. Rogeryon oppeli gen. et comb. nov. was benthic, visually adapted to shallow water palaeoenvironments, and possibly had a diet similar to that of slipper lobsters and horseshoe crabs. The redescription of these two species highlights the palaeobiological diversity of fossil polychelidans.

International audience; The third Cretaceous Aeshnoptera in amber is described from Myanmar. It represents a new family Burmaeshnidae fam. nov., genus and species Burmaeshna azari gen. et sp. nov. Its exact affinities remain uncertain but it is probably the sister group of the Late Cretaceous family Enigmaeshnidae. This discovery supports the hypothesis of an intense period of appearance of many aeshnopteran subclades during the late Early Cretaceous and the Late Cretaceous.

International audience; Mesomegaloprepus magnificus gen. et sp. nov. (Odonata: Zygoptera) is described from more than 14 specimens in eight pieces of mid-Cretaceous (earliest Cenomanian, ca. 99 Ma) amber from Myanmar. Possible phylogenetic affinities with the Neotropical Latibasaliidae, Thaumatoneuridae, and Pseudostigmatinae are discussed, and a relationship with Pseudostigmatinae considered as possible, but because of conflicting evidence separate family status as Mesomegaloprepidae fam. nov. is tentatively preferred. The remarkable degree of homoplastic conflict in the wing venational similarities indicates that these represent relatively weak evidence for phylogenetic relationships. The palaeoecology, including sexual dimorphism in wing colouration, of the new taxon is discussed, and the large number of inclusions explained with possible breeding behaviour in association with water-filled tree holes (phytotelmata) of the amber tree, similar to extant Pseudostigmatinae. The position of all alleged fossil Thaumatoneuridae are discussed and revised: Eothaumatoneura ptychoptera Pongracz, 1935 from the Eocene Geiseltal locality is restored in Thaumatoneuridae. Cretaceous Euarchistigma and Paleogene Eodysagrion are tentatively retained as subfamilies Euarchistigmatinae and Eodysagrioninae in Thaumatoneuridae. Paleogene Dysagrioninae and Petrolestinae are removed from Thaumatoneuridae and attributed to a restored family Dysagrionidae, and Paleocene Latibasaliidae is transferred from Amphipterygoidea to Epallagoidea.

This note describes the first record of the chocolate shrimp-goby Cryptocentrus malindiensis (Smith, 1959) from Réunion island, based on photographic evidence. A specimen of an estimated total length of 7 cm was photographed at 9:00 AM on 8 November 2012, at a water temperature of 26°C and depth of 8 m, on a prehistoric lava flow of the Piton de la Fournaise volcano. The habitat included shallow-water sea cracks and rocky overhangs, near basaltic muddy sandy bottoms, with a high hard substrate cover of calcareous algae, encrusting sponges and hydroids without coral, reflecting a low-light environment at these latitudes. Significant siltation, probably caused by a nearby river mouth, suggested the presence of a relatively low wave and current energy, which could be the effect of the confined nature of the habitat., Cette note présente le premier signalement du gobie de Malindi Cryptocentrus malindiensis (Smith, 1959) à la Réunion, sur la base de preuves photographiques. Un spécimen d’une longueur totale d’environ 7 cm a été photographié à 9:00, le 8 novembre 2012, par 8 m de profondeur, dans une eau à 26°C, sur une coulée de lave préhistorique du Piton de la Fournaise. L’habitat se composait de failles et de surplombs rocheux peu profonds, près de fonds sablo-vaseux basaltiques, avec un recouvrement important des substrats durs par les algues calcaires, les éponges encroûtantes et les hydraires, témoignant sous ces latitudes d’un environnement à faible luminosité. Un envasement significatif, probablement généré par la proximité d’une embouchure de rivière, suggère la présence de conditions hydrodynamiques modérées, qui pourraient être dues à la nature confinée de l’habitat.

International audience; This note describes the first record of the chocolate shrimp-goby Cryptocentrus malindiensis (Smith, 1959) from Réunion island, based on photographic evidence. A specimen of an estimated total length of 7 cm was photographed at 9:00 AM on 8 November 2012, at a water temperature of 26°C and depth of 8 m, on a prehistoric lava flow of the Piton de la Fournaise volcano. The habitat included shallow-water sea cracks and rocky overhangs, near basaltic muddy sandy bottoms, with a high hard substrate cover of calcareous algae, encrusting sponges and hydroids without coral, reflecting a low-light environment at these latitudes. Significant siltation, probably caused by a nearby river mouth, suggested the presence of a relatively low wave and current energy, which could be the effect of the confined nature of the habitat.; Cette note présente le premier signalement du gobie de Malindi Cryptocentrus malindiensis (Smith, 1959) à la Réunion, sur la base de preuves photographiques. Un spécimen d’une longueur totale d’environ 7 cm a été photographié à 9:00, le 8 novembre 2012, par 8 m de profondeur, dans une eau à 26°C, sur une coulée de lave préhistorique du Piton de la Fournaise. L’habitat se composait de failles et de surplombs rocheux peu profonds, près de fonds sablo-vaseux basaltiques, avec un recouvrement important des substrats durs par les algues calcaires, les éponges encroûtantes et les hydraires, témoignant sous ces latitudes d’un environnement à faible luminosité. Un envasement significatif, probablement généré par la proximité d’une embouchure de rivière, suggère la présence de conditions hydrodynamiques modérées, qui pourraient être dues à la nature confinée de l’habitat.

Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all extant multicellular European terrestrial and freshwater animals and their geographical distribution at the level of countries and major islands (east of the Urals and excluding the Caucasus region). The Fauna Europaea project comprises about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. Fauna Europaea represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing taxonomic specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many user communities in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education. The Diptera–Brachycera is one of the 58 Fauna Europaea major taxonomic groups, and data have been compiled by a network of 55 specialists.Within the two-winged insects (Diptera), the Brachycera constitute a monophyletic group, which is generally given rank of suborder. The Brachycera may be classified into the probably paraphyletic 'lower brachyceran grade' and the monophyletic Eremoneura. The latter contains the Empidoidea, the Apystomyioidea with a single Nearctic species, and the Cyclorrhapha, which in turn is divided into the paraphyletic 'aschizan grade' and the monophyletic Schizophora. The latter is traditionally divided into the paraphyletic 'acalyptrate grade' and the monophyletic Calyptratae. Our knowledge of the European fauna of Diptera–Brachycera varies tremendously among families, from the reasonably well known hoverflies (Syrphidae) to the extremely poorly known scuttle flies (Phoridae). There has been a steady growth in our knowledge of European Diptera for the last two centuries, with no apparent slow down, but there is a shift towards a larger fraction of the new species being found among the families of the nematoceran grade (lower Diptera), which due to a larger number of small-sized species may be considered as taxonomically more challenging.Most of Europe is highly industrialised and has a high human population density, and the more fertile habitats are extensively cultivated. This has undoubtedly increased the extinction risk for numerous species of brachyceran flies, yet with the recent re-discovery of Thyreophora cynophila (Panzer), there are no known cases of extinction at a European level. However, few national Red Lists have extensive information on Diptera.For the Diptera–Brachycera, data from 96 families containing 11,751 species are included in this paper.

International audience; Placodontia, an enigmatic group of durophagous and in part heavily armoured animals, were members of Sauropterygia, the most diverse and successful group of Mesozoic marine reptiles. Microanatomy and histology of long bones of several armoured and non-armoured Placodontia were studied, covering most of their taxonomic breadth, to elucidate the paleoecology, physiology , and lifestyle of its members. Results reveal an unexpected and not phylogenetically or stratigraphically related disparity of microanatomical and histological features for the group. The non-armoured Paraplacodus and the heavily armoured Psepho-derma grew with lamellar-zonal bone tissue type, which is typical for modern sauropsids. In the former, the tissue is nearly avascular surrounding a compacted medullary region, whereas in the latter, the lamellar-zonal bone tissue is vascularized framing a large open medullary cavity and a perimedullary region. Armoured Henodus and Placodontia indet. aff. Cyamodus as well as non-armoured Placodus exhibit a reduced medullary cavity and grew with highly vascularized plexiform to radiating fibro-lamellar bone. Several long bones of Placodontia indet. show circumferential fibro-lamellar bone and can be distinguished into two groups on the basis of microanatomical features. In addition, all bones that grew with fibro-lamellar bone show locally primary spongeous-like architecture and had secondarily widened primary osteons throughout the cortex, resulting in a secondarily spongeous tissue. The highly vascularized fibro-lamellar bone of these Placodontia indicates growth rates comparable to that of open marine ichthyosaurs. Differences in microanatomy and bone histology as expressed by a principal component analysis, thus clearly indicate different paleoecolo-gies, including differences in lifestyle and swimming modes and capabilities in Placodontia. This would have reduced competition in the shallow marine environments of the Tethys and might be a key to their success and diversity. A certain developmental plasticity among the studied placodonts is interpreted as response to different environmental conditions as is obvious from inter-and intraspecific histological variation. Most striking is the difference in life history strategy in armoured Psephoderma and non-armoured Paraplacodus when compared to armoured Henodus, Placodontia indet. aff. Cyamodus, non-armoured Pla-codus, and Placodontia indet. Bone tissue of Psephoderma and Paraplacodus indicates low growth rates and a low basal metabolic rate, as many modern sauropsids have such as the marine iguana, whereas the others grew with extremely fast growth rates, more typical for birds and mammals, indicating an increased basal metabolic rate.

International audience; Le Lagerstätte de La Voulte-sur-Rhône (Jurassique moyen) livre une communauté bathyale très bien conservée et présentant une forte biodiversité dominée par les arthropodes. Les crustacés Polychelida Scholtz & Richter, 1995 y sont particulièrement abondants et initialement représentés par Eryon ellipticus Van Straelen, 1923, Proeryon giganteus (Van Straelen, 1923), Hellerocaris falloti (Van Straelen, 1923), et Willemoesiocaris ovalis (Van Straelen, 1923). Cette nouvelle étude révèle l’existence de deux nouveaux genres et de trois espèces nouvelles : Voulteryon parvulus n. gen., n. sp., Cycleryon romani n. sp., qui est l’espèce la plus ancienne de ce genre, et Adamanteryon fourneti n. gen., n. sp., un Polychelida énigmatique aux affinités demeurant incertaines. Le genre Proeryon Beurlen, 1928 est également révisé afin de résoudre un problème d’homonymie, ce qui nous conduit à proposer le nom de remplacement Proeryon zehentbaueri pro Proeryon giganteus Beurlen, 1930, non Proeryon giganteus (Van Straelen, 1923). Ces nouveaux résultats montrent que la communauté de Polychelida de La Voulte est la première en terme de diversité familiale (trois familles) et générique (sept genres), et la seconde en terme de diversité spécifique (sept espèces), juste derrière le Jurassique supérieur du Lagerstätte d’Eichstätt (huit espèces). Grâce à la tomographie aux rayons X, des caractères anatomiques encore jamais observés sont décrits, tels que les appendices thoraciques chez Proeryon giganteus et Hellerocaris falloti. Chez Hellerocaris falloti, la mise en évidence de ces appendices semble indiquer qu’il s’agit d’une des espèces fossiles les plus proches des polychelidés actuels.

International audience; The Late Jurassic plattenkalks from Europe are remarkable for their exquisitely preserved crustaceans. New specimens of polychelidan lobsters (Crustacea, Decapoda, Polychelida) from the Lagerstatten of Cerin (France), Canjuers (France), Wattendorf (Germany) and Zandt (Germany) are described and increase the palaeobiodiversity of Jurassic eryonids. Soleryon gen. nov. is described from the Cerin, Wattendorf and Zandt Lagerstatten while ¨ Cycleryon bourseaui sp. nov. is described from the Cerin and Canjuers Lagerstatten. ¨ Soleryon amicalis gen. et sp. nov. from Cerin and S. schorri sp. nov. from Wattendorf show cephalothoracic grooves that are not observed within any other fossil eryonids. Their patterns of cephalothoracic grooves are similar to those observed in extant polychelids and confirm the affinities of eryonids and polychelids. The problematic assignment of Eryon perroni Etallon, 1859 from the Oxfordian nodules of eastern France is solved and leads to the new combination Soleryon perroni (Etallon, 1859). These new eryonids are preserved in anatomical connection and thus suggest they used to live in proximity to their depositional environments. They may have inhabited the coral reefs neighbouring the lagoons and/or buried themselves in the carbonate mud of the lagoon margins at the origin of the plattenkalks. The cooccurrences of Soleryon gen. nov. and Cycleryon Glaessner, 1965 in four subcontemporaneous Lagerstatten clearly suggest connections between the Bavarian (Wattendorf, Zandt), the Jura (Cerin) and the Provence (Canjuers) platforms. For the first time, several species of crustaceans highlight and confirm the palaeobiogeographical links between the French and German plattenkalks at the end of the Jurassic.

International audience; First record of Pseudanthias bicolor (Serranidea) from different artificial habitats at Reunion Island.Despite the large number of studies on fish populations of coral reef areas of Reunion island during the past forty years, the bicolor anthias Pseudanthias bicolor (Randall, 1979), previously recorded from Mauritius and the Maldives in the Indian Ocean, was never observed on the coral reefs of the island. Recently, two specimens of were photographed on different artificial habitats during scientific monitoring programs in scuba diving. This study, based en morphologic and morphometric evidences, validates the identification of these specimens as P. bicolor, and therefore represents the westernmost record of the species in the Indian Ocean. In a general context of degradation of coral reef habitats and considering the difficult access to certain non-reef habitats (e.g. depth, large surface area, distance from a port), the example of P. bicolor presented in this study illustrates the importance of artificial habitats for the observation of marine fish diversity. These small habitats of substitution, often monitored according to European regulations, allow occasional identification of new fish species, monitoring of exotic invasive populations or observation of rare species.; Malgré le nombre élevé d’études réalisées sur les peuplements ichtyologiques des zones récifales de l’île de la Réunion au cours des quarante dernières années, l’anthias bicolore Pseudanthias bicolor (Randall, 1979), précédemment recensé à Maurice et aux Maldives dans l’océan Indien, n’a jamais été observé sur les récifs coralliens de l’île. Deux spécimens de cette espèce ont été photographiés récemment sur des habitats artificiels lors de suivis scientfiques en plongée sous-marine. La présente étude, fondée sur des données morphologiques et morphométiques, valide l'identification de ces spécimens comme P. bicolor et constitue ainsi le signalement le plus occidental de l’espèce dans l’océan Indien. Dans un contexte général de dégradation des habitats récifaux et d'accès difficile à certains habitats naturel non-récifaux (e.g. profondeur, surface importantes, éloignement d’un port), l’exemple de P. bicolor présenté dans cette étude illustre l’intérêt des habitats artificiels comme observatoires de la diversité ichtyologique marine. Ces habitats de substitution aux petites surfaces d'emprise, souvent suivis scientifiquement selon la réglementation européenne en vigueur, permettent le signalement occasionnel de nouvelles espèces de poissons, le suivi de populations exotiques en extension ou l’observation d’espèces rares.

For a long time, the genus Knebelia Van Strae- len, 1922 has comprised two species of eryonid lobster, K. bilobata (M€ 1839) and K. schuberti (Meyer, 1836), both recorded exclusively from Late Jurassic Lagerst€ in southern Germany. Recently, the latter has been suggested to represent a juvenile individual of Cycleryon propinquus (Schlotheim, 1822). A re-examination of the type and new material has led to our rejection of that interpretation and confirmation of assignment of this species to Knebelia. Two specimens, both possessing short frontal lobes, from plat- tenkalks at Nusplingen (late Kimmeridgian) and at Solnho- fen (early Tithonian), respectively, are here assigned to a new species, K. totoroi sp. nov. This new species and a review of K. bilobata have furnished new insights into the origin and function of the frontal lobes, which are expan- sions articulated to the front of the carapace. They probably functioned as rudders facilitating 'tail-flip swimming' as observed in the paddle-like antennae of extant scyllarids (Eucrustacea, Decapoda, Scyllaridae). The rudder-like lobes identified in Knebelia may therefore represent a case of con- vergent evolution.

International audience; Palaeophis maghrebianus belongs to the Palaeo-phiinae (Palaeophiidae). This snake subfamily is relatively poorly known, and it is mainly represented by disarticulated vertebrae and ribs and by a few vertebral segments. Its intracol-umnar variability remains also poorly understood. The discovery of new isolated vertebrae and vertebral segments of Palaeophis maghrebianus in the Ypresian (Lower Eocene) Phosphates of Morocco enables us to provide a more detailed diagnosis of this species and to describe its intracolumnar variability. Moreover, the new material reveals that this species could reach gigantic size being, with Palaeophis colossaeus, one of the two longer palaeophiids. The microanatomical and histological analysis of some vertebrae illustrating diverse positions along the vertebral column reveals the presence of osteosclerosis, especially in the anterior and mid-precloacal regions. The occurrence of this osseous specialization implies a role in buoyancy and body trim control in this taxon, which is considered a shallow marine dweller based on its anatomical features and geological data. Palaeophis maghrebianus also displays a dense vascular network suggesting a growth speed, and thus a metabolic rate, much higher than in the biggest extant snakes.

Cratonepa enigmatica gen. and sp. nov., an enigmatic new nepoid bug, is described from the Lower Cretaceous Crato formation in Brazil. Although its general habitus is strikingly similar to that of the Cenozoic and recent Nepidae, it has several plesiomorphic characters, the most obvious being the siphon retractiled into the abdomen, which supports a basal position as a sister group of either all Nepidae or even Nepoidea. The morphology of its legs suggests that it was a walking predator living in mud or in aquatic vegetation, as for extant Nepidae, although the absence of a long siphon suggests a very different way of breathing.

National audience; Sommaire du dossier : Travail de réforme et réforme du travail. Métiers en évolution, émergence d'un encadrement - Les délégations territoriales, terres à conquérir... - Structurer l'animation territoriale : un défi pour les délégations territoriales - Animation territoriale : une place à trouver pour les délégations territoriales - Un an après la mise en oeuvre des services - ASP (Agence de services et de paiement) : 5 ans de gestion de la VAE.

International audience; The prey choice of extinct cave lions Panthera spelaea was determined using bone collagen isotopic signatures in the Belgian Ardennes and the Swabian Jura between 40,000 and 25,000 years ago as well as in the Late-glacial of the northwestern Alp foreland and of the Paris Basin. More than 370 specimens of large carnivorous and herbivorous mammals from 25 sites coeval with cave lion were analyzed. The isotopic results point to an individualistic prey choice for cave lions, with some individuals more oriented on reindeer and others on young cave bears. The isotopic signatures and therefore dietary choice of cave lions did not overlap with those of cave hyenas, indicating competitive exclusion between the large predators. The most recent western European cave lions seem to have been consuming mainly reindeer until the local extirpation of this prey species, which coincides chronologically with their own extinction. This restricted prey choice may be involved in the extinction of this large predator in Western Europe. Ó 2011 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.

16 pages; International audience; Palaeozoic and Mesozoic cephalopod conchs occasionally reveal dark organic coatings at the aperture. A number of these coatings, including still unrecorded examples, are described, figured and interpreted herein. On the basis of elemental analysis, actualistic comparison and a comparison with Triassic bivalves, some of these coatings are shown to consist of apatite and primarily probably of conchiolin (and also probably melanin). In several Mesozoic ammonoid genera such as Paranannites, Psiloceras, Lytoceras, Phylloceras, Harpoceras and Chondroceras, some of these coatings (recorded herein for most of these taxa for the first time) are interpreted as a structure similar to the black band, which was previously known only from Recent Allonautilus and Nautilus. In contrast to these nautilid genera, however, the organic material of some Mesozoic ammonoids was not deposited on the inside of the shell but externally, albeit positioned at the terminal aperture as in Recent nautilids. Some ammonoids of Carboniferous and Triassic age show several such bands at more or less regular angular distances on the ultimate whorls and at the aperture, e.g. Nomismoceras, Gatherites, Owenites, Paranannites, Juvenites and Melagathiceratidae gen. et sp. nov. Triassic material from Oman shows that the black coating was probably secreted from the inside, because the position of this organic deposit changes from interior to exterior in an anterior direction (i.e. adaperturally). This structure has previously been referred to as a ‘false colour pattern' and is here interpreted as having been formed at an interim aperture or megastria (‘alter Mundrand'). All structures discussed in the paper are considered to have been secreted by a single organ and to have been initiated by some form of stress or adverse conditions. Thus, certain environmental parameters and growth anomalies appear to have influenced their formation.