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1. Heterodyn receiver for the Origins Space Telescope concept 2

Author

Belitsky, Victor, Desmaris, Vincent, Di Giorgio, Anna Maria, Goldstein, Christophe, Ellison, Brian, Gallego, Juan-Daniel, Herpin, Fabrice, Huet, Jean-Michel, Krieg, Jean-Michel, Laporte, Philippe, Quertier-Dagorn, Benjamin, Plume, René, Risacher, Christophe, De Beck, Elvire, Goldsmith, Paul, Hogerheijde, Michiel, Hunt, Leslie, Lis, Darek, Aalto, Susanne, Viti, Serena, Wyrowski, Friedrich, Neufeld, David, Melnick, Gary, Bergin, Edwin, Battersby, Cara, Milam, Stefanie, Borgo, Bruno, Carter, Ruth, Cooray, Asantha, Corsetti, James, Delorme, Yan, Dipirro, Michael, Eggens, Martin, Hills, Richard, Keizer, Geert, Kroes, Gabby, Leisawitz, David, Meixner, Margaret, Nguyen Tuong, Napoléon, Pontoppidan, Klaus, Staguhn, Johannes, Martins, Gregory, Wiedner, Martina, Baryshev, Andrey, Laurens, André, Gerin, Maryvonne, Helmich, Frank, Jellema, Willem, Mehdi, Imran, Amatucci, Edward, MacEwen, Howard, Lystrup, Makenzie, Fazio, Giovanni, Batalha, Natalie, Tong, Edward, Siegler, Nicholas, FORMATION STELLAIRE 2018, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Calgary], University of Calgary, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge], Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Astronomy

Subjects
Heterodyne, Pixel, Computer science, Astronomy, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Focal Plane Arrays, Spitzer Space Telescope, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, HERO, Satellite, [SDU.ASTR.GA]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The Origins Space Telescope (OST) is a NASA study for a large satellite mission to be submitted to the 2020 Decadal Review. The proposed satellite has a fleet of instruments including the HEterodyne Receivers for OST (HERO). HERO is designed around the quest to follow the trail of water from the ISM to disks around protostars and planets. HERO will perform high-spectral resolution measurements with 2x9 pixel focal plane arrays at any frequency between 468GHz to 2,700GHz (617 to 111 μm). HERO builds on the successful Herschel/HIFI heritage, as well as recent technological innovations, allowing it to surpass any prior heterodyne instrument in terms of sensitivity and spectral coverage.

Published
2018

2. The ARIEL space mission

Author

Beaulieu, Jean-Philippe, Bowles, Neil, Coudé Du Foresto, Vincent, Coustenis, Athena, Decin, Leen, Drossart, Pierre, Eccleston, Paul, Encrenaz, Therese, Forget, François, Griffin, Matt, Pascale, Enzo, Barstow, Joanna, Güdel, Manuel, Hartogh, Paul, Heske, Astrid, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Leconte, J., Malaguti, Pino, Micela, Giusi, Middleton, Kevin, Min, Michiel, Moneti, Andrea, Morales, Juan Carlos, Ollivier, Marc, Pace, Emanuele, Pilbratt, Goran, Puig, Ludovic, Rataj, Miroslaw, Ray, Tom, Ribas, Ignasi, Rocchetto, Marco, Sarkar, Subhajit, Selsis, Franck, Taylor, William, Tennyson, Jonathan, Tinetti, Giovanna, Turrini, Diego, Vandenbussche, Bart, Venot, Olivia, Waldmann, Ingo, Wolkenberg, Paulina, Wright, Gillian, Zapatero Osorio, Maria-Rosa, Zingales, Tiziano, Bezawada, Naidu, Papageorgiou, Andreas, Mugnai, Lorenzo, MacEwen, Howard, Lystrup, Makenzie, Fazio, Giovanni, Batalha, Natalie, Tong, Edward, Siegler, Nicholas, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institute of Astronomy [Leuven], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), University College of London [London] (UCL), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ECLIPSE 2018, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo (OAPa), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Dipartimento di Informatica [Verona], Università degli Studi di Verona, Cardiff University, Chemistry, Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (IFSI), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences (CBK), Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Département d'Astrophysique (ex SAP) (DAP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ECLIPSE 2017, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Department of Computer Science [Verona] (UNIVR | DI), Università degli studi di Verona = University of Verona (UNIVR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), and University of Verona (UNIVR)

Subjects
Astronomy, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Space, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Atmospheric model, Space (commercial competition), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, law, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Transit (astronomy), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Atmosphere, Atmospheric wave, Exoplanets, Exoplanet, Stars, 13. Climate action, Transit, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Geology
Abstract

The Atmospheric Remote-Sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey, ARIEL, has been selected to be the next M4 space mission in the ESA Cosmic Vision programme. From launch in 2028, and during the following 4 years of operation, ARIEL will perform precise spectroscopy of the atmospheres of about 1000 known transiting exoplanets using its metre-class telescope, a three-band photometer and three spectrometers that will cover the 0.5 μm to 7.8 μm region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The payload is designed to perform primary and secondary transit spectroscopy, and to measure spectrally resolved phase curves with a stability of < 100 ppm (goal 10 ppm). Observing from an L2 orbit, ARIEL will provide the first statistically significant spectroscopic survey of hot and warm planets. These are an ideal laboratory in which to study the chemistry, the formation and the evolution processes of exoplanets, to constrain the thermodynamics, composition and structure of their atmospheres, and to investigate the properties of the clouds.

Published
2018

3. A development roadmap for critical technologies needed for TALC: a deployable 20m annular space telescope

Author

MacEwen, Howard, Fazio, Giovanni, Lystrup, Makenzie, Batalha, Natalie, Siegler, Nicholas, Tong, Edward, Sauvage, Marc, Amiaux, Jerome, Austin, James, Bello, Mara, Bianucci, Giovanni, Chesné, Simon, Citterio, Oberto, Collette, Christophe, Correia, Sébastien, Durand, Gilles, Molinari, Sergio, Pareschi, Giovanni, Penfornis, Yann, Sironi, Giorgia, Valsecchi, Giuseppe, Verpoort, Sven, Wittrock, Ulrich, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), CEA, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Gyf Sur Yvette, France, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Università di Pisa - UNIPISA (Pisa, Italy), Laboratoire de Mécanique des Contacts et des Structures [Villeurbanne] (LaMCoS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Bio, Electro And Mechanical Systems (BEAMS), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Pisa - Università di Pisa

Subjects
Physics, Aperture, business.industry, James Webb Space Telescope, Active optics, Technology readiness level, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, Primary mirror, Optics, [PHYS.MECA.STRU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], law, 0103 physical sciences, Scalability, [PHYS.MECA.STRU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of the structures [physics.class-ph], Angular resolution, Aerospace engineering, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Astronomy is driven by the quest for higher sensitivity and improved angular resolution in order to detect fainter or smaller objects. The far-infrared to submillimeter domain is a unique probe of the cold and obscured Universe, harboring for instance the precious signatures of key elements such as water. Space observations are mandatory given the blocking effect of our atmosphere. However the methods we have relied on so far to develop increasingly larger telescopes are now reaching a hard limit, with the JWST illustrating this in more than one way (e.g. it will be launched by one of the most powerful rocket, it requires the largest existing facility on Earth to be qualified). With the Thinned Aperture Light Collector (TALC) project, a concept of a deployable 20 m annular telescope, we propose to break out of this deadlock by developing novel technologies for space telescopes, which are disruptive in three aspects: • An innovative deployable mirror whose topology, based on stacking rather than folding, leads to an optimum ratio of collecting area over volume, and creates a telescope with an eight times larger collecting area and three times higher angular resolution compared to JWST from the same pre-deployed volume; • An ultra-light weight segmented primary mirror, based on electrodeposited Nickel, Composite and Honeycomb stacks, built with a replica process to control costs and mitigate the industrial risks; • An active optics control layer based on piezo-electric layers incorporated into the mirror rear shell allowing control of the shape by internal stress rather than by reaction on a structure. We present in this paper the roadmap we have built to bring these three disruptive technologies to technology readiness level 3. We will achieve this goal through design and realization of representative elements: segments of mirrors for optical quality verification, active optics implemented on representative mirror stacks to characterize the shape correction capabilities, and mechanical models for validation of the deployment concept. Accompanying these developments, a strong system activity will ensure that the ultimate goal of having an integrated system can be met, especially in terms of (a) scalability toward a larger structure, and (b) verification philosophy.

Published
2016

4. Review of high-contrast imaging systems for current and future ground- and space-based telescopes I: coronagraph design methods and optical performance metrics

Author

Neil Zimmerman, Jeffrey Jewell, Frans Snik, Ewan S. Douglas, A. J. Riggs, R. Galicher, Matthew A. Kenworthy, Mamadou N'Diaye, Nemanja Jovanovic, Johan Mazoyer, Mathilde Beaulieu, Jeff Kuhn, Kevin Fogarty, Marie Ygouf, Eric Cady, Laurent Pueyo, Christoph U. Keller, Garreth Ruane, Olivier Absil, Michael J. Wilby, J. Kent Wallace, Sebastiaan Y. Haffert, David S. Doelman, Brunella Carlomagno, Emiel H. Por, Kelsey Miller, Olivier Guyon, Dan Sirbu, Pierre Baudoz, Justin Knight, Alexis Carlotti, Elsa Huby, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lystrup, Makenzie, MacEwen, Howard A., Fazio, Giovanni G., Batalha, Natalie, Siegler, Nicholas, Tong, Edward C., PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Computer science, Optical instrument, media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation (computer programming), Function (engineering), Design methods, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Coronagraph, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Exoplanet, Starlight, Systems engineering, Noise (video), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

The Optimal Optical Coronagraph (OOC) Workshop at the Lorentz Center in September 2017 in Leiden, the Netherlands gathered a diverse group of 25 researchers working on exoplanet instrumentation to stimulate the emergence and sharing of new ideas. In this first installment of a series of three papers summarizing the outcomes of the OOC workshop, we present an overview of design methods and optical performance metrics developed for coronagraph instruments. The design and optimization of coronagraphs for future telescopes has progressed rapidly over the past several years in the context of space mission studies for Exo-C, WFIRST, HabEx, and LUVOIR as well as ground-based telescopes. Design tools have been developed at several institutions to optimize a variety of coronagraph mask types. We aim to give a broad overview of the approaches used, examples of their utility, and provide the optimization tools to the community. Though it is clear that the basic function of coronagraphs is to suppress starlight while maintaining light from off-axis sources, our community lacks a general set of standard performance metrics that apply to both detecting and characterizing exoplanets. The attendees of the OOC workshop agreed that it would benefit our community to clearly define quantities for comparing the performance of coronagraph designs and systems. Therefore, we also present a set of metrics that may be applied to theoretical designs, testbeds, and deployed instruments. We show how these quantities may be used to easily relate the basic properties of the optical instrument to the detection significance of the given point source in the presence of realistic noise., To appear in Proceedings of the SPIE, vol. 10698

Published
2018

5. High-contrast imager for complex aperture telescopes (HiCAT): 5. first results with segmented-aperture coronagraph and wavefront control

Author

Thomas Comeau, Elodie Choquet, Mamadou N'Diaye, Iva Laginja, Lucie Leboulleux, Anand Sivaramakrishnan, Laurent Pueyo, Ron Shiri, Peter Petrone, Kathryn St. Laurent, Gregory R. Brady, Sylvain Egron, Johan Mazoyer, Rob Gontrum, Thomas E. Dillon, Marshall D. Perrin, Neil Zimmerman, Rémi Soummer, Keira Brooks, A. J. Eldorado Riggs, John G. Hagopian, Ana-Maria Valenzuela, Space Telescope Science Institute (STSci), Caltech Department of Astronomy [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of Delaware [Newark], Iridescence SARL, Advanced Nanophotonics, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), SigmaSpace Corporation [Lanham, MD], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lystrup, Makenzie, MacEwen, Howard A., Fazio, Giovanni G., Batalha, Natalie, Siegler, Nicholas, and Tong, Edward C.

Subjects
Aperture, Computer science, Apodized Pupil Lyot Coronagraph, FOS: Physical sciences, WAVEFRONTS, 01 natural sciences, CARBON NANOTUBES, Deformable mirror, law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, Software, Segmented telescopes, law, coronagraphy, 0103 physical sciences, exoplanet, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Coronagraph, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope, APLC, Wavefront, [PHYS]Physics [physics], coronagraphy testbed, SPACE TELESCOPES, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, METROLOGY, PHASE RETRIEVAL, Starlight, high-contrast imaging, TELESCOPES, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Segmented telescopes are a possibility to enable large-aperture space telescopes for the direct imaging and spectroscopy of habitable worlds. However, the complexity of their aperture geometry, due to the central obstruction, support structures and segment gaps, makes high-contrast imaging challenging. The High-contrast Imager for Complex Aperture Telescopes (HiCAT) testbed was designed to study and develop solutions for such telescope pupils using wavefront control and coronagraphic starlight suppression. The testbed design has the flexibility to enable studies with increasing complexity for telescope aperture geometries: off-axis telescopes, on-axis telescopes with central obstruction and support structures - e.g. the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) - to on-axis segmented telescopes, including various concepts for a Large UV, Optical, IR telescope (LUVOIR). In the past year, HiCAT has made significant hardware and software updates to accelerate the development of the project. In addition to completely overhauling the software that runs the testbed, we have completed several hardware upgrades, including the second and third deformable mirror, and the first custom Apodized Pupil Lyot Coronagraph (APLC) optimized for the HiCAT aperture, which is similar to one of the possible geometries considered for LUVOIR. The testbed also includes several external metrology features for rapid replacement of parts, and in particular the ability to test multiple apodizers readily, an active tip-tilt control system to compensate for local vibration and air turbulence in the enclosure. On the software and operations side, the software infrastructure enables 24/7 automated experiments that include routine calibration tasks and high-contrast experiments. We present an overview and status update of the project, on the hardware and software side, and describe results obtained with APLC WFC., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures

Published
2018

6. Lessons for WFIRST CGI from ground-based high-contrast systems

Author

Faustine Cantalloube, John Krist, Vanessa P. Bailey, Arthur Vigan, Wenhao Jerry Xuan, Rob G. van Holstein, Bruce Macintosh, Julien Milli, Jared R. Males, Michael Bottom, Robert J. De Rosa, Henry Ngo, Eric L. Nielsen, Elodie Choquet, Mamadou N'Diaye, Garreth Ruane, Eric Cady, Christian Marois, Julien Girard, Tyler D. Groff, Olivier Guyon, Brian Kern, Tiffany Meshkat, Jozua de Boer, Jeffrey Chilcote, Maxwell A. Millar-Blanchaer, Jason J. Wang, Anne-Marie Lagrange, Jason Rhodes, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Space Telescope Science Institute (STSci), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), European Southern Observatory [Santiago] (ESO), European Southern Observatory (ESO), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lystrup, Makenzie, MacEwen, Howard A., Fazio, Giovanni G., Batalha, Natalie, Siegler, Nicholas, and Tong, Edward C.

Subjects
Wavefront, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Computer science, Polarimetry, FOS: Physical sciences, Image processing, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, Pathfinder, law, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Coronagraph, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Remote sensing, Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope
Abstract

The Coronagraph Instrument (CGI) for NASA's Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) will constitute a dramatic step forward for high-contrast imaging, integral field spectroscopy, and polarimetry of exoplanets and circumstellar disks, aiming to improve upon the sensitivity of current ground-based direct imaging facilities by 2-3 orders of magnitude. Furthermore, CGI will serve as a pathfinder for future exo-Earth imaging and characterization missions by demonstrating wavefront control, coronagraphy, and spectral retrieval in a new contrast regime, and by validating instrument and telescope models at unprecedented levels of precision. To achieve this jump in performance, it is critical to draw on the experience of ground-based high-contrast facilities. We discuss several areas of relevant commonalities, including: wavefront control, post-processing of integral field unit data, and calibration and observing strategies., Comment: Published in Proceedings of the SPIE; Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave. 13 pages, 6 figures

Published
2018

7. Optical Design of PICO, a Concept for a Space Mission to Probe Inflation and Cosmic Origins

Author

Charles R. Lawrence, Karl Young, Gianfranco De Zotti, Marcelo A. Alvarez, J. Hubmayr, Nicholas Battaglia, Alan J. Kogut, Brian M. Sutin, Daniel Green, C. Pryke, J. Borrill, Mark J. Devlin, Lloyd Knox, Laura M. Fissel, Shaul Hanany, Richard Hills, William Jones, B. P. Crill, Raphael Flauger, Xin Zhi Tan, David T. Chuss, Roger O'Brient, Jeff McMahon, Tomotake Matsumura, Amy Trangsrud, James J. Bock, B. Johnson, Jacques Delabrouille, James P. McGuire, K. M. Górski, Qi Wen, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Département d'Astrophysique (ex SAP) (DAP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MacEwen, Howard A, Lystrup, Makenzie, Fazio, Giovanni G, Batalha, Natalie, Tong, Edward C, Siegler, Nicholas, MacEwen, Howard A., Fazio, Giovanni G., Tong, Edward C., and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, satellite, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Field of view, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, 010305 fluids & plasmas, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Planck, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Reionization, polarimetry, media_common, Physics, COSMIC cancer database, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, mm-wave optics, instrument design, mission concept, 13. Climate action, Sky, symbols, Neutrino, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, cosmology, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

The Probe of Inflation and Cosmic Origins (PICO) is a probe-class mission concept currently under study by NASA. PICO will probe the physics of the Big Bang and the energy scale of inflation, constrain the sum of neutrino masses, measure the growth of structures in the universe, and constrain its reionization history by making full sky maps of the cosmic microwave background with sensitivity 80 times higher than the Planck space mission. With bands at 21-799 GHz and arcmin resolution at the highest frequencies, PICO will make polarization maps of Galactic synchrotron and dust emission to observe the role of magnetic fields in Milky Way's evolution and star formation. We discuss PICO's optical system, focal plane, and give current best case noise estimates. The optical design is a two-reflector optimized open-Dragone design with a cold aperture stop. It gives a diffraction limited field of view (DLFOV) with throughput of 910 square cm sr at 21 GHz. The large 82 square degree DLFOV hosts 12,996 transition edge sensor bolometers distributed in 21 frequency bands and maintained at 0.1 K. We use focal plane technologies that are currently implemented on operating CMB instruments including three-color multi-chroic pixels and multiplexed readouts. To our knowledge, this is the first use of an open-Dragone design for mm-wave astrophysical observations, and the only monolithic CMB instrument to have such a broad frequency coverage. With current best case estimate polarization depth of 0.65 microK(CMB}-arcmin over the entire sky, PICO is the most sensitive CMB instrument designed to date., 12 pages, 8 Figures, Submitted to SPIE, Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation

Published
2018

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