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In our society, work, time and health are intimately linked, even if this link is often not very visible. It is even less so for the self-employed, since salaried employment remains the usual reference. The study of the case of craftsmen shows the existence of a very specific relationship to time and health.; Dans notre société, le travail, le temps et la santé sont intimement liés, même si ce lien est souvent peu visible. Il l’est d’autant moins pour les travailleurs indépendants, le salariat restant la référence habituelle. L’étude du cas des artisans montre l’existence d’un rapport au temps et à la santé qui est bien spécifique.

International audience; The analysis of working conditions generally proceeds by focusing on a single employment status, which is most often salaried employment. However, in companies, work collectives are frequently composed of individuals with different statuses (employer, self-employed subcontractors, temporary workers, permanent employees). This paper proposes an approach that consists of studying the collective as a whole in order to better understand how the coexistence of employment statuses influences the working conditions of each individual. By examining the case of small employers in the craft industry, we observe that the distribution of the arduousness and risks of work is based on differences in status. We consider here the role that the small employer plays as a self-employed worker, not subject to the Labour Code, and also as the leader of the work group responsible for distributing the tasks and carrying out some of them himself.; L’analyse des conditions de travail procède en général en se focalisant sur un seul statut d’emploi qui est le plus souvent le salariat. Or, dans les entreprises, les collectifs de travail sont fréquemment composés d’individus aux statuts différents (employeur, indépendants sous-traitants, intérimaires, salariés permanents). On propose ici une approche qui consiste à étudier le collectif dans son ensemble pour mieux comprendre comment la coexistence des statuts d’emploi influe sur les conditions de travail de chacun. En examinant le cas des petits employeurs de l’artisanat, on observe que la distribution de la pénibilité et des risques du travail s’appuie sur les différences de statut. On envisage ici le rôle que le petit employeur joue en tant que travailleur indépendant, non soumis au Code du travail, et aussi en tant que leader du collectif de travail chargé de répartir les tâches et d’en assurer lui-même une partie.

National audience; By relying on interviews and by observing the working conditions of craftsmen, the author observes that the respondents pass successively through three ways of considering and using their bodies at work, which can be called stages, three ways of perceiving and reacting to the information that their bodies deliver and through which they all pass in the course of their working lives.information that their body delivers to them and through which they all pass in the course of their professional life.Throughout the professional career, we observe a matching between the health of the craftsman and the tasks he performs. At the beginning of his independent activity, the economic survival of the company requires the craftsman to abuse his body. But it is also to ensure the good functioning of the But it is also to ensure the proper functioning of the company that the craftsman must take care of his health when it declines at the end of his career. In short, these are the same reasons which, in the first instance, encourage the craftsman to work hard and, in the second instance, to save his strength.; En s'appuyant sur des entretiens et en observant les conditions de travail d'artisans, l'auteur observe que les enquêtés passent successivement par trois manières de considérer et d'employer leur corps au travail, que l'on peut appeler des stades, trois manières de percevoir et de réagir auxinformations que leur délivre leur corps et par lesquelles ils passent tous au fil de leur vie professionnelle.Tout au long du parcours professionnel, on observe une mise en adéquation entre l'état de santé de l'artisan et les tâches qu'il réalise. En début d'activité indépendante, la survie économique de l'entreprise impose à l'artisan de malmener son corps. Mais c'est également pour assurer le bonfonctionnement de l'entreprise que l'artisan doit prendre soin de sa santé lorsque celle-ci décline en fin de carrière. En somme, ce sont les mêmes raisons qui, dans un premier temps, incitent à s'acharner au travail et, dans un second temps, à économiser ses forces.

International audience; This paper analyses the potential impacts of introducing unemployment insurance (UI) in middle income countries using the case of Malaysia, which today does not have such a system. The analysis is based on a job search model with unemployment and three employment sectors: formal and informal wage employment, and self employment. The parameters of the model are estimated to replicate the structure of the labor market in Malaysia in 2009 and the distribution of earnings for informal, formal and self employed workers. The results suggest that unemployment insurance would have only a modest negative effect on unemployment if benefits are not overly generous. The main effect would be a reallocation of labor from wage into self employment while increasing average wages in the formal and informal sectors.

International audience; The objective of this paper is to provide a picture of the characteristics of Albanian entrepreneurs and their enterprises in the Republic of Macedonia. According to State Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia (2005), based on the data from the last census of population, households and dwellings in 2002, the Republic of Macedonia had 2,022,547 inhabitants of whom Albanians were 509,083 (25.2%). Since Albanians represent the greatest minority in the Republic of Macedonia, we were interested to analyse businesses that are operated and managed by them. We conducted empirical research during the period April-June 2013 of 89 businesses, owned by Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia. We analysed the motives for starting and managing one's own business, problems of these businesses, success factors, forms of organisation, sources of financing, ethics and social responsibility of Albanian entrepreneurs, e-commerce challenges and characteristics, etc.

International audience; Based on the case study of a couple of craftsmen whose late career was disrupted by health problems, we will develop two questions. First, we will try to understand how the artisans reconcile medical care and professional obligations. Then we will see what implications the choice of status (among those available to the self-employed) has on the level of social protection.It will be shown that in order to be able to devote themselves to their health, craftsmen must first guarantee that of their company.; A partir de l'étude du cas d'un couple d'artisans dont la fin de carrière est perturbée par des problèmes de santé, on développera deux questions. Il s'agira d'abord de comprendre comment les artisans concilient soins médicaux et obligations professionnelles. Puis on verra quelles sont les implications du choix du statut (parmi ceux qui sont accessibles aux indépendants) sur le niveau de protection sociale.Il s'agira de montrer que pour pouvoir se consacrer à leur santé, les artisans doivent d'abord garantir celle de leur entreprise.