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1. Recycling Bauxite Waste for the Mineral Industry: Phase Transformations and Microstructure During Sintering

Author

Jacques Poirier, Rudy Michel, E. de Bilbao, Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO)

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Environmental Engineering, Materials science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Aluminate, Metallurgy, Sintering, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, engineering.material, Raw material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, 01 natural sciences, Bauxite, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Particle-size distribution, engineering, Particle size, Comminution, 0210 nano-technology, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Raw materials of mineral industries are mainly in the form of ore, which generate fine mineral particles during the extraction, comminution and transport which are primarily regarded as non-recyclable waste. The aim of this paper is to develop and characterize materials using recycled fine particles of bauxite sintered at high temperature at a laboratory scale for the calcium aluminate industry. To use these recycled materials as raw materials, the physico-chemical transformations during high-temperature processing are described. Phase transformations as a function of temperature were determined by XRD, and optical and electronic microscopies were utilized to observe microstructures. Materials with different particle size distributions showed different chemical reactivity as a function of particle size. The optimization of particle size distribution makes it possible to substitute synthetic bricks for bauxite ore using recycled fine particles of bauxite.

Published
2018

2. New advances in the laboratory characterization of refractories: testing and modelling

Author

Paul Leplay, David Ryckelynk, Michel Boussuge, Yang Zhang, Rudy Michel, Antoine Coulon, Gilles Dusserre, Jacques Poirier, Thierry Cutard, Emmanuel de Bilbao, Jean Gillibert, Eric Blond, Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Mécanique des Matériaux et Procédés (MMP), Laboratoire de Mécanique Gabriel Lamé (LaMé), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Tours-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Tours, Centre des Matériaux (MAT), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Rhode Island (URI), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), F2ME/MMH, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), CREE Saint Gobain, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), Centre des Matériaux (CDM), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and IMT Mines Albi, IMT Mines Albi

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Laboratory methods, Materials science, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], in situ experiments, Metals and Alloys, Computational Mechanics, Mechanical engineering, refractories, 02 engineering and technology, advanced characterization, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Characterization (materials science), modelling, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Creep, Mechanics of Materials, optical methods, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Forensic engineering, Deformation (engineering), 0210 nano-technology, Corrosion kinetics
Abstract

International audience; This publication presents new advances in the field of refractories characterization. These laboratory methods that combine experiments and numerical analyses and concern both the thermomechanical and thermochemical behaviour are illustrated through different examples: identification of asymmetrical creep, determination of elastic and inelastic properties, measurements of macroscopic deformation, phase transformations or corrosion kinetics. These advanced techniques offer the refractory community new opportunities to improve the knowledge and the prediction of the phenomena of degradation of the refractories.

Published
2017

3. Miscanthus ash transformation and interaction with bed materials at high temperature

Author

Rudy Michel, Jacques Poirier, Judit Kaknics, Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université d'Orléans (UO)

Subjects
Materials science, 020209 energy, General Chemical Engineering, Diffusion, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Mineralogy, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, law.invention, law, Oxidizing agent, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Calcination, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Olivine, biology, Reducing atmosphere, Miscanthus, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Alkali metal, biology.organism_classification, Fuel Technology, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, Agglomerate, engineering
Abstract

This work focused on the transformation of inorganics in Miscanthus ash and the interaction of ashes with silica sand, olivine and calcined olivine. The samples were heat-treated in a laboratory furnace without the fluidization of the bed particles. The transformation of Miscanthus ash was studied with experimental methods (chemical fractionation analysis, ICP-MS, XRD, SEM-EDX) and with thermodynamic calculations (FactSage) between 400 °C and 1400 °C. The ash-bed material interface was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX). The effect of the harvest time and the atmosphere were investigated. The characterization of the ashes (winter harvest) revealed the presence of alkali salts, carbonates and silica at low temperature and the formation of Ca and Mg-silicates, Ca-phosphate and molten K-silicate above 750 °C. In oxidizing atmosphere the S formed K2SO4, while in reducing atmosphere the S left in the gaseous phase. The ash of the summer harvest Miscanthus contains more K and less Ca and Si, therefore carbonates and salts are formed both at low and high temperature. The interaction tests revealed only physical adhesion between the molten ash and the silica sand, while the olivine played an active role in the agglomerate formation via the diffusion of Fe into the molten ash.

Published
2016

4. Steam reforming of alpha-methylnaphthalene as a model tar compound over olivine and olivine supported nickel

Author

Gérald Djéga-Mariadassou, Rudy Michel, Andrzej Krztoń, Claire Courson, Agata Łamacz, R. Gruber, Philippe Burg, Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Met & Mat Sci, Krakow, Poland, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN)-Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie et Applications (LCA), Université Paul Verlaine - Metz (UPVM), Laboratoire des Matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse (LMSPC), Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique - Approche Multi-échelle des Milieux Complexes (LCP-A2MC), Université de Lorraine (UL), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
alpha-Methylnaphthalene, 020209 energy, General Chemical Engineering, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Mineralogy, chemistry.chemical_element, Ni/olivine, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, Dissociation (chemistry), Water-gas shift reaction, Catalysis, Steam reforming, Adsorption, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Olivine, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Tars, Nickel, Fuel Technology, Chemical engineering, engineering, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 0210 nano-technology, Solid solution
Abstract

International audience; At high temperature, biomass steam gasification generates tars and more particularly Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). To assess the ability of olivine-based catalyst to eliminate the tars by steam reforming, alpha-methylnaphthalene (MNP) was chosen as model compound. The Ni/olivine has shown a good ability to reform the MNP, much better than olivine alone. Moreover, catalyst water pre-treatment has proven its efficiency. Thereby, this investigation has emphasized secondary reactions such as water gas shift reaction, and an overall mechanism has been proposed, taking into consideration the important role of adsorbed oxygen species coming from water catalytic dissociation over nickel metal. In addition, catalyst activity and stability have been discussed on the basis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with EDX analysis, carried out on the samples before and after experiments. On the prepared fresh catalysts, we have shown the presence of NiO-MgO solid solution, formed on the surface of olivine support. Then, after the experiment, both Ni metal (Ni-0) and Ni-Fe alloys have been observed.

Published
2013

5. Phase transformation characterization of olivine subjected to high temperature in air

Author

Jacques Poirier, Mohamed-Ramzi Ammar, Patrick Simon, Rudy Michel, Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, 020209 energy, Iron oxide, Mineralogy, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, law, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Materials Chemistry, Calcination, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Magnetite, Olivine, Process Chemistry and Technology, Forsterite, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Hematite, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Chemical engineering, visual_art, Ceramics and Composites, visual_art.visual_art_medium, engineering, symbols, Fayalite, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract

Olivine is one of the well-suited materials for fluidized bed reactor technology. After calcination at high temperature, olivine undergoes phase transformations resulting in dehydration and oxidation of fayalite to hematite and magnetite. The transformation mechanisms of olivine subjected to a calcination process at 1400 °C for 4 h are studied. Calcined olivine is characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), in situ XRD at varying temperatures and Raman spectroscopy. This paper explains the contribution of Raman spectroscopy to the study of iron oxide with regard to XRD. The heterogeneous distribution of hematite, magnetite and forsterite in the calcined material is exhibited by Raman mapping.

Published
2013

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