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Your search keyword '"Plant macroremains"' showing total 4 results
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4 results on '"Plant macroremains"'

1. Early farming economy in Mediterranean France: fruit and seed remains from the Early to Late Neolithic levels of the site of Taï (ca 5300–3500 cal bc)

Author

Laurent Bouby, Frédérique Durand, Claire Manen, Oriane Rousselet, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), ANR-13-CULT-0001,PROCOME,Prolongements continentaux de la néolithisation méditerranéenne(2013), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Subsistence economy, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Epicardial culture, Animal husbandry, Cave, Fodder, Languedoc, Opium poppy, 0601 history and archaeology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, geography, Hulled wheats, geography.geographical_feature_category, Cultivated plant taxonomy, 060102 archaeology, business.industry, Paleontology, 06 humanities and the arts, 15. Life on land, Economy, Agriculture, Livestock, Plant macroremains, business
Abstract

International audience; This article presents the archaeobotanical study of Taï, a Neolithic settlement located in Languedoc, southern France. In the western Mediterranean, the Neolithization process occurred during the 6th millennium BC and is supposed to have induced a fundamental change in the subsistence economy, with the development of agriculture and animal husbandry. Unfortunately, the Neolithic farming economy is still poorly known in southern France, mostly from old archaeobotanical studies. At Taï, soil flotation of 127 samples provided the largest dataset available for the Early Neolithic in southern France, which testifies to the changes occurring in cultivated plants and in the subsistence economy during the Neolithic. Sampling also allowed comparisons between the archaeobotanical record inside the cave and from the outside settlement. Naked barley and naked wheat were the most cultivated plants throughout the Neolithic sequence. The contribution of emmer and the probable use of opium poppy during the Early Neolithic should also be highlighted. This encourages us to reconsider the role of glume wheats during the early stages of agriculture in the area. Einkorn was more common in the Late Neolithic, in agreement with results from other sites in the region. Chaff remains were always underrepresented. Remains of weeds and wild fruits were very abundant in the Early Neolithic samples from the cave. Wild plants were probably brought to the site for the tending of domestic animals or by the animals themselves (dung, fodder and/or litter). Livestock was most probably occasionally kept at the site.

Published
2019
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2. Archaeobotany in Italian ancient Roman harbours

Author

Cristina Bellini, Laura Sadori, Marta Mariotti Lippi, Elda Russo Ermolli, Giulia Boetto, C. Pepe, Marco Giardini, Andrea Bertacchi, Alessia Masi, Gaetano Di Pasquale, Gianna Giachi, Emilia Allevato, Dipartimento di biologia ambientale, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Centre Camille Jullian - Histoire et archéologie de la Méditerranée et de l'Afrique du Nord de la protohistoire à la fin de l'Antiquité (CCJ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici della Toscana, Sadori, Laura, Allevato, Emilia, Bellini, Cristina, Bertacchi, Andrea, Boetto, Giulia, DI PASQUALE, Gaetano, Giachi, Gianna, Giardini, Marco, Masi, Alessia, Pepe, Caterina, RUSSO ERMOLLI, Elda, Mariotti Lippi, Marta, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, and Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI)

Subjects
Macrorestes végétaux, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Archéo-botanique, Central Mediterranean, Bois, Port, Epave, Paleoethnobotany, Méditerranée centrale, Plant macroremain, Beech, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Italian Roman harbours, computer.programming_language, Palynology, Italie, biology, Ecology, Archaeobotany, Italian Roman harbours, Central Mediterranean, Pollen, Plant macroremains, Wood shipwrecks, archaeobotany, pollen, plant macroremains, wood shipwreck, Paleontology, Macrofossil, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Archaeology, Deciduous, Geography, Harbour, Period (geology), Pollen, Archaeobotany, Plant macroremains, Wood shipwrecks, computer, Italian Roman harbour
Abstract

International audience; The present study is a review of the archaeobotanical analyses carried out in the last decade at the three ancient Roman port/dock system sites of Pisae, Portus, and Neapolis. Pollen, plant macrofossils (leaf, wood, seed/fruit macroremains) and wood constituting the shipwrecks were considered, and the results, partly unpublished, integrated and interpreted. Waterlogged sediments from these port areas turned out to be particularly suited for archaeobotanical analysis and opened new perspectives in ancient harbour studies. This is the first time that a synthesis of archaeobotanical data from Italian archaeological sites of the same typology is attempted for the Roman period. The disparate sampling strategies and available materials for macrofossil analysis in the various sites – cores in Portus, short sediment sequences in Pisae, and single visible hand-collected macroremains in Neapolis – conditioned the results obtained for these remains, making the comparison among sites a particularly difficult task. The urgency of establishing a common protocol between archaeologists and archaeobotanists is thus emphasized. The plant micro-and macrofossils highlight that in Roman times the landscape of the Italian coasts between Pisa and Naples was formed by deciduous oak plain forests (whose relicts are preserved in some protected areas, like in Parco Nazionale del Circeo, south of Rome and along the coast of the Pisan plain, in the Migliarino San Rossore Regional Park) with prevalence of mesophilous elements. The Mediterranean vegetation was not widespread as expected and maquis was limited to small areas by the coast. Surprisingly, mountain elements such as beech and silver fir were not so rare in pre-Roman times, suggesting that these trees could have occupied wider areas than at present. Besides food plant remains typical of the Roman age, the port sediments also preserved seeds, fruits and leaves of the wild vegetation. Comparing the results obtained by palynology with the shipwreck wood study showed that the boats were prevailingly built with local timber, often with conifers. The use of silver fir, though never very frequent, still confirms the preference of shipbuilders for this timber, which was not always available in the close surroundings of the three sites.

Published
2015
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3. Archaeobotanical and isotopic evidence of Early Bronze Age farming activities and diet in the mountainous environment of the South Caucasus: a pilot study of Chobareti site (Samtskhe-Javakheti region)

Author

Estelle Herrscher, Eliso Kvavadze, Kakha Kakhiani, Giorgi Bedianashvili, Inga Martkoplishvili, Erwan Messager, André Guy, David Lordkipanidze, Lucie Martin, Modwene Poulmarc'H, Liana Bitadze, Claire Delhon, Antonio Sagona, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age ( CEPAM ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique ( LAMPEA ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives ( Inrap ) -Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements ( AASPE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ), Georgian National Museum, University of Melbourne, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien ( Archéorient ), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 ( UL2 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ANR JCJC 2012, ANR-12-JSH3-0003,ORIMIL,La culture du millet dans le Caucase pré- et proto-historique : Origine et développement ( 2012 ), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Economies, sociétés et environnements préhistoriques (ESEP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Geneva [Switzerland], ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-12-JSH3-0003,ORIMIL,La culture du millet dans le Caucase pré- et proto-historique : Origine et développement(2012), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Economies, sociétés et environnements préhistoriques ( ESEP ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne ( EDYTEM ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, Stable isotope analysis, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Farming activities, Phytolith, South Caucasus, Pollens and phytoliths, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Human and animal skeletons, Bronze Age, Pollen, medicine, ddc:550, Early Bronze Age, 0601 history and archaeology, Charcoal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Isotope analysis, 2. Zero hunger, 060101 anthropology, δ13C, Ecology, business.industry, food and beverages, 06 humanities and the arts, δ15N, 15. Life on land, Geography, Agriculture, [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, visual_art, [ SHS.ANTHRO-BIO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Plant macroremains, business
Abstract

International audience; Recent excavation at the site of Chobareti (1615 m a.s.l., South Caucasus Mountains) reveals an important Kura-Araxes settlement and eleven burials so far, for which a first multi-proxies approach was conducted to understand both exploitation of plants and human dietary practices in this mountainous area. Thanks to the excavation of several pits, in 2011, a well-reasoned sampling for archaeobotanical analysis, including phytoliths, pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs, charcoal, seeds and other plant macroremains was undertaken. In parallel, human, animal bones and wheat seeds were recovered in order to perform stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N). Results show the strong presence of cereals (especially naked wheat, as a hexaploid form, and emmer), highlighting the role played by cereal growing in the Kura-Araxes farming activities. Plant macroremains, but also phytoliths recovered in pits, reflect processing activities on the site. While animal dung seems to have been used to enhance cereal yields, different herding practices can be suggested by δ15N values. Whereas δ13C values and archaeobotanical data agree for a consumption of C3 plants, with no significant input in wheat for both animals and humans, a homogeneous mixed diet, with a great contribution of animal protein source (meat, secondary products) has been observed.

Published
2015
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4. Shepherds and plants in the Alps : multi-proxy archaeobotanical analysis of neolithic dung from 'La Grande Rivoire' (Isère, France)

Author

Stéphanie Thiébault, Jacqueline Argant, Lucie Martin, Claire Delhon, Centre d'Études Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Archeology, french Alps, Néolithique, Fodder, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, La Grande Rivoire, Bark (sound), 0601 history and archaeology, phytolithe, Neolithic, Charcoal, French Alps, Sassenage, agriculture, 2. Zero hunger, geography.geographical_feature_category, 060102 archaeology, fourrage, Préhistoire, économie de subsistance, 06 humanities and the arts, Massif, Europe du Sud, pastoralisme, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Pollen, Livestock, France, Vercors, 010506 paleontology, Isère, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Phytolith, paléobotanique, medicine, charbon, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, business.industry, Agro-pastoral practices, 15. Life on land, Archaeology, Litter, Plant macroremains, business, Rhône-Alpes, Multi proxy, macroreste végétal
Abstract

The analysis of phytoliths, pollen, charcoal and other macroremains was carried out in the neolithic shelter of ‘‘La Grande Rivoire'', Vercors massif (French Alps). The results show the predominance of tree species, in the form of phytoliths, clustered pollen, stomata, small branches charcoal, needles, bark, buds. The practice of leaf fodder is already known in the alpine and circum-alpine area from archaeological and historical sources. The analyses of the neolithic dung levels of ‘‘La Grande Rivoire'' illustrate the use of leafy and flowering tree branches as fodder. The results also suggest that some species were used for special purpose in relation with the tending of livestock (litter, dietary supplement, veterinary practices).

Published
2008

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