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International audience; A cholesterol-based liquid crystal monomer, diethylene glycol cholesteryl ether acrylate (DEGCholA), has been successfully polymerized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) for the first time. Appropriate experimental conditions to control the polymerization of DEGCholA have been investigated using a model initiator (ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) or toluene at 60 degrees C. Well-controlled ATRP of DEGCholA was obtained using N,N,N',N',N `'-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine as ligand in THF at 60 degrees C. These conditions were then applied to initiate the ATRP of DEGCholA from multifunctional macroinitiators based on dextran. Using a protection/deprotection synthetic scheme, novel graft glycopolymers (Dex-g-PDEGCholA) have been synthesized. The mesomorphic properties of DEGCholA, PDEGCholA, and Dex-g-PDEGCholA have been studied by thermal polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray scattering. PDEGCholA and Dex-g-PDEGCholA show an interdigitated smectic A phase (SmAd) between T-g (similar to 30 degrees C) and around 170 degrees C.

To easily perform atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in homogeneous medium from unprotected polysaccharidic macroinitiators, the ATRP of MMA carried out in dimethylsulfoxide has been firstly reinvestigated using Cu(I)Br as metal catalyst and ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate as initiator. Two ligands, 2,2′-bipyridyne (Bpy) and N-(n-propyl)-2-pyridylmethanimine (n-Pr-PMI), have been compared, as well as the addition of Cu(II)Br2 (10 molar % relative to Cu(I)Br) or the adjustment of experimental temperature (from 30 to 60 °C). Appropriate conditions were founded for both ligands to achieve a controlled ATRP. Bpy giving far much faster polymerization compared to n-Pr-PMI, n-Pr-MI was preferred as ligand for accurate tuning of the conversion. Experimental procedure was then applied to unprotected macroinitiators based on dextran to obtain amphiphilic poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted dextran. While homopolymerization was controlled in these conditions, parameters have to be adjusted for the hydrophilic unprotected macroinitiators to prevent gel formation and control ATRP.

International audience

International audience

International audience; The whole controlled synthesis of novel amphiphilic polylactide (PLA)-grafted dextran copolymers was achieved. The control of the architecture of suchbiodegradable and potentially biocompatible copolymers has required a three-step synthesis based on the “grafting from” concept. The first step consisted of the partial silylation of the dextran hydroxyl groups. This protection step was followed by the ring-opening polymerization of D,L-lactide initiated from the remaining OH functions of the partially silylated polysaccharide. The third step involved the silylether group deprotection under very mild conditions. Based on previous studies, in which the control of the first step was achieved, this study is focused on the last two steps. Experimental conditions were investigated to ensure a controlled polymerization of D,L-lactide, in terms of grafting efficiency, graft length, and transesterification limitation. After polymerization, the final step was studied in order to avoid degradation of both polysaccharide backbone and polyester grafts. The chemical stability of dextran backbone was checked throughout each step of the synthesis. PLA-grafted dextrans and PLA-grafted (silylated dextrans) were proved to adopt a core-shell conformation invarious solvents. Furthermore, preliminary experiments on the potential use of these amphiphilic grafted copolymers as liquid/liquid interface stabilizers were performed

International audience; A large variety of amphiphilic polylactide-grafted dextrans has been synthesized with controlled architecture through a three-step procedure: partial protection of the dextran hydroxyl groups by silylation; ring-opening polymerization of D,L-lactide initiated from remaining hydroxyl groups on partially silylated dextran; and silyl ether deprotection under very mild conditions. Throughout the synthesis, detailed characterizations of each step led to the control of copolymer architecture in terms of graft number and lengths of graft and backbone. Depending on their proportion in polylactide, these copolymers were either water-soluble or soluble in organic solvents. The potential of these amphiphilic grafted copolymers as surfactants was estimated. Their organization at air/water or dichloromethane/water interfaces was investigated by interfacial tension measurements. Self-organization in water or toluene was evaluated using fluorescence spectroscopy. Depending on its solubility, each copolymer showed noticeable surfactant properties and was able to produce either hydrophobic or hydrated microdomains in water or toluene solutions, respectively

Synthesis of novel grafted amphiphilic copolymers polylactide-grafted dextran was achieved. Macromolecular control of such biodegradable and potentially biocompatible copolymers requires a three-step synthesis based on the "grafting from" concept : partial protection of the dextran hydroxyl groups by silylation ; followed by ring opening polymerization of D, L-lactide initiated from remaining hydroxyls of this partially silylated dextran backbone. The third step involves the silylethers deprotection under very mild conditions.Throughout the synthesis, detailed studies of each step have led to stability of dextran backbone and control of copolymer architecture in terms of graft number and graft length. Tension and fluorescence experiments have given information about the organisation properties of these copolymers. The potential of such copolymers for formulation of nanospheres has been also studied.; De nouveaux copolymères amphiphiliques en peigne de type dextrane-g-polylactide ont été obtenus. Pour contrôler les paramètres macromoléculaires de ces copolymères biodégradables et potentiellement biocompatibles, leur synthèse est effectuée par la méthode du "grafting from" en trois étapes: silylation partielle des fonctions hydroxyle du dextrane ; polymérisation par ouverture de cycle du D,L-lactide à partir des fonctions alcool résiduelles situées sur le dextrane protégé, puis clivage des groupements silyléthers dans des conditions douces. Des études détaillées de chaque étape ont permis d'assurer la stabilité de la chaîne de dextrane et le contrôle de l'architecture des copolymères (nombre et longueur des greffons). Les propriétés d'organisation de ces produits ont été évaluées à la fois par tensiométrie et spectroscopie de fluorescence. Ces propriétés nous ont permis d'envisager l'emploi de ces copolymères pour la préparation de nanosphères.

Synthesis of novel grafted amphiphilic copolymers polylactide-grafted dextran was achieved. Macromolecular control of such biodegradable and potentially biocompatible copolymers requires a three-step synthesis based on the "grafting from" concept : partial protection of the dextran hydroxyl groups by silylation ; followed by ring opening polymerization of D, L-lactide initiated from remaining hydroxyls of this partially silylated dextran backbone. The third step involves the silylethers deprotection under very mild conditions.Throughout the synthesis, detailed studies of each step have led to stability of dextran backbone and control of copolymer architecture in terms of graft number and graft length. Tension and fluorescence experiments have given information about the organisation properties of these copolymers. The potential of such copolymers for formulation of nanospheres has been also studied., De nouveaux copolymères amphiphiliques en peigne de type dextrane-g-polylactide ont été obtenus. Pour contrôler les paramètres macromoléculaires de ces copolymères biodégradables et potentiellement biocompatibles, leur synthèse est effectuée par la méthode du "grafting from" en trois étapes: silylation partielle des fonctions hydroxyle du dextrane ; polymérisation par ouverture de cycle du D,L-lactide à partir des fonctions alcool résiduelles situées sur le dextrane protégé, puis clivage des groupements silyléthers dans des conditions douces. Des études détaillées de chaque étape ont permis d'assurer la stabilité de la chaîne de dextrane et le contrôle de l'architecture des copolymères (nombre et longueur des greffons). Les propriétés d'organisation de ces produits ont été évaluées à la fois par tensiométrie et spectroscopie de fluorescence. Ces propriétés nous ont permis d'envisager l'emploi de ces copolymères pour la préparation de nanosphères.