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1. A two-step morphology-PCR strategy for the identification of nematode larvae recovered from muscles after artificial digestion at meat inspection

Author

Grégory Karadjian, Anne Mayer-Scholl, Tom Wagner, Annette Johne, Emilie Adicéam, Lisa Laboutière, Bruno Polack, Isabelle Vallée, Myriam Thomas, Carolyn Kaestner, Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment [Berlin] (BfR), COST ACTION - A European Network for Foodborne Parasites (Euro-FBP) FA1408, and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé

Subjects
Ancylostomatoidea, Morphology, Identification, Meat, Swine, Angiostrongylus vasorum, Nematodes, Molecular biology, Trichinella, Sus scrofa, 030231 tropical medicine, Zoology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Uncinaria stenocephala, 030308 mycology & parasitology, Artificial digestion, Foodborne Diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Toxocara cati, 0302 clinical medicine, Germany, parasitic diseases, Animals, Humans, Helminths, Angiostrongylus, Ascaris suum, Toxocara, Swine Diseases, 0303 health sciences, General Veterinary, biology, Muscles, fungi, Trichinellosis, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Wild boars, Metastrongyloidea, Infectious Diseases, Nematode, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Larva, Insect Science, Digestion, Parasitology, France
Abstract

International audience; To ensure that meat from livestock and game is safe for human consumption, European legislation lays down rules for mandatory testing. Helminth larvae are a category of zoonotic foodborne pathogens that can contaminate meat. Among helminths, the only zoonotic nematode regulated in Europe regarding meat inspection isTrichinellaspp.. It is precisely during Trichinella testing that other potentially zoonotic larvae can be found. Due to current lack of tools, their identification is often very complicated. Nematode larvae other thanTrichinella, recovered from artificial digestions of pig and wild boar muscles from France and Germany, were subjected to a newly developed two-step identification scheme, which includes both morphological examination and molecular assays. The first step is a general orientation towards a broad taxonomic group; the second step consists of targeted identification based on the results of first step. Different parasites were identified, some of which were not zoonotic such asMetastrongylusspp. andAngiostrongylus vasorum, but others are known to be zoonotic such asToxocara cati,Ascaris suum, andUncinaria stenocephala. The strategy is efficient for the identification of nematode larvae recovered from muscles but could also be applied for larvae from other sources.

Published
2020

2. Occurrence and molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis in lambs in Djelfa, the central steppe of Algeria

Author

Salem Belkessa, Djamel Baroudi, Ahcene Hakem, Karim Tarik Adjou, Myriam Thomas, Yaoyu Feng, Soumaya Benhassine, Dawn M. Roellig, Xiaohua Chen, AbdElkarim Laatamna, Lihua Xiao, Laboratory of Exploration and Valorisation of Steppic Ecosystems, Université Ziane Achour de Djelfa, École nationale supérieure véterinaire d'Alger, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Mohamed Khider [Biskra], South China Agricultural University (SCAU), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31820103014), 111 Project (D20008), and École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé

Subjects
Giardiasis, medicine.medical_specialty, Veterinary medicine, Genotype, Sequence analysis, Epidemiology, 030231 tropical medicine, Protozoan Proteins, Cattle Diseases, Sheep Diseases, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Feces, Zoonosis, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical microbiology, MESH: Giardia lamblia, Glutamate Dehydrogenase, medicine, Prevalence, Animals, Direct fluorescent antibody, Phylogeny, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Sheep, General Veterinary, MESH: Giardiasis, 030306 microbiology, Glutamate dehydrogenase, MESH: Sheep Diseases, General Medicine, Lambs, medicine.disease, Diarrhea, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Giardia duodenalis, Insect Science, Algeria, Parasitology, Cattle, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, medicine.symptom, Giardia lamblia, Triose-Phosphate Isomerase
Abstract

International audience; Little is known of the prevalence and genetic identity of Giardia duodenalis in sheep in Algeria. The present study aimed at characterizing G. duodenalis in lambs up to 6 months of age in Djelfa, Algeria. A total of 346 fecal specimens were collected from 28 farms and screened for G. duodenalis cysts by zinc sulfate flotation microscopy, and positive specimens were confirmed using a direct immunofluorescence assay. Microscopy-positive specimens were analyzed by PCR and sequence analysis of the triosephosphate isomerase and glutamate dehydrogenase genes to determine G. duodenalis assemblages. Coprological examination indicated that the overall infection rate was 7.0% (24/346). Lambs under 3 months of age had higher infection rate (18/197, 9.0%) than older (6/149, 4.0%) animals, and animals with diarrhea (7/44, 16.0%) had higher infection rate than animals without diarrhea (17/302, 5.6%). PCR sequence analyses of the 15 G. duodenalis isolates revealed the presence of assemblages A in 6 isolates, assemblage E in 7 isolates, and both in 2 isolates. Assemblage A was only found in pre-weaned lambs with diarrhea, while assemblage E was mostly found in post-weaned lambs without diarrhea. The assemblage E isolates from sheep were genetically related to those from cattle in Algeria, while assemblage A isolates were from a well-known subtype prevalent in humans. Data generated from the study improve our understanding of the transmission of G. duodenalis in Algeria.

Published
2020

3. PrP-associated resistance to scrapie in five highly infected goat herds

Author

Isabelle Brémaud, Myriam Thomas, Caroline Lacroux, Fabien Corbière, François Schelcher, Séverine Lugan, Samuel Martin, Francis Barillet, C. Chartier, C. Perrin-Chauvineau, Olivier Andreoletti, Pierrette Costes, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire d'études et de recherches caprines, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA), Station d'Amélioration Génétique des Animaux (SAGA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
Central Nervous System, atypical scrapie, cyprus goat, Lymphoid Tissue, Prions, 040301 veterinary sciences, genotype, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, prevalence, Prevalence, Scrapie, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, french sheep, polymorphism, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, medicine, Animals, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, affected sheep, Allele, prion protein gene, education, natural scrapie, Alleles, 030304 developmental biology, classical scrapie, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Mutation, Goat Diseases, Polymorphism, Genetic, Goats, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Classical scrapie, Herd, Prnp gene, France
Abstract

The PrP gene polymorphisms at codons 142 (I/M), 154 (R/H), 211 (R/Q), 222 (Q/K) and 240 (S/P) and their association with susceptibility to classical scrapie infection were investigated in five French goat herds displaying a high disease prevalence (>10 %). On the basis of PrPSc detection in the central nervous system and in various lymphoid tissues, 301 of 1343 goats were found to be scrapie infected. The statistical analyses indicated that while P240 mutation had no direct impact on scrapie infection risk, the H154, Q211 and K222 mutations were associated with high resistance to scrapie. The M142 mutated allele was associated with a limited protection level against the disease. These results further reinforce the view that, like in sheep, the control and eradication of classical scrapie through the selection of certain PrP alleles could be envisaged in commercial goat population.

Published
2013

4. Seroprevalence and factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild boar ( Sus scrofa) in a Mediterranean island

Author

Pascal Boireau, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Lénaïg Halos, Céline Richomme, Myriam Thomas, Annie Alliot, Eve Afonso, Christian Ducrot, C. Perret, V. Tolon, Unité de Recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale (UR EpiA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Unité de recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale ( UEA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive ( LBBE ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine ( LECA ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques ( BIPAR ), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -AFSSA-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Unité de recherche d'Épidémiologie Animale (UEA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, and École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, Epidemiology, Swine, wildlife, 030231 tropical medicine, Wildlife, Population density, 030308 mycology & parasitology, Serology, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Wild boar, Seroepidemiologic Studies, sus scrofa, biology.animal, Direct agglutination test, medicine, Seroprevalence, Animals, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Swine Diseases, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, Chi-Square Distribution, biology, toxoplasma gondii, Toxoplasma gondii, landscape, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Toxoplasmosis, zoonoses, Infectious Diseases, Toxoplasmosis, Animal, Cats, France, Toxoplasma
Abstract

SUMMARYKnowledge of the factors affecting the presence of Toxoplasma gondii in wildlife is limited. Here we analyse which local landscape characteristics are associated with the presence of toxoplasmosis in wild boar, Sus scrofa, on the island of Corsica, France. Meat juice samples from 1399 wild boars collected during two hunting seasons were tested for T. gondii antibodies using the modified agglutination test (titre 1:4). The overall seroprevalence was 0·55 (95% CI 0·50–0·59) for the first year and 0·33 (95% CI 0·29–0·35) for the second year. Seroprevalence varied according to age and county. At the county level, seropositivity in adults was related to farm density during year 1, and to habitat fragmentation, farm density and altitude during year 2. The exposure of wild boar to T. gondii is thus variable according to landscape characteristics and probably results in a variable risk of transmission of toxoplasmosis to humans.

Published
2010

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