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1. Fishing impact and environmental status in European seas: a diagnosis from stock assessments and ecosystem indicators

Author: Andrew Kenny, Clive Fox, Morgane Travers-Trolet, Gerjan J. Piet, Marta Coll, Leyla Knittweis, Didier Gascuel, Sylvie Guénette, J. Rasmus Nielsen, Samuel Shephard, Jérôme Guitton, Tiit Raid, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), UMR 212 EME 'écosystèmes marins exploités' (EME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Scottish Marine Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Lowestoft] (CEFAS), Faculty of Science, Department of Biology (UNIVERSITY OF MALTA), University of Malta [Malta], Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Wageningen IMARES (Institute for Marine Resources & Ecosystem Studies), Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques Manche Mer du nord, IFREMER Centre Manche Mer du Nord, (HMMN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), European Commission, Spanish Research Program Ramon y Cajal, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, 150 quai Gambetta, BP699, 62321 Boulogne/mer, France
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Stock assessment, Ecosystem approach to fisheries management ecosystem indicators good environmental status Marine Strategy Framework Directive stock assessment trophic level marine food webs celtic sea fisheries management mathematical-theory northeast atlantic recovery decline implementation communication biodiversity, Good Environmental Status, Fishing, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Fish stock, trophic level, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Onderzoeksformatie, marine strategy framework directive, ecosystem indicators, Marine ecosystem, Ecosystem approach to fisheries management, 14. Life underwater, stock assessment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem health, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Marine Strategy Framework Directive, technology, industry, and agriculture, good environmental status, Fishery, Geography, ecoystem indicators, Fisheries management, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: ISI Document Delivery No.: DF3JU Times Cited: 6 Cited Reference Count: 70 Gascuel, Didier Coll, Marta Fox, Clive Guenette, Sylvie Guitton, Jerome Kenny, Andrew Knittweis, Leyla Nielsen, J. Rasmus Piet, Gerjan Raid, Tiit Travers-Trolet, Morgane Shephard, Samuel European Commission; European Commission through the Marie Curie CIG grant; Spanish Research Program Ramon y Cajal This study was initially conducted during the 2012 meeting of the Experts working group on the 'Development of the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management in European Seas' set up by the Scientific Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF), and funded by the European Commission. MC was funded by the European Commission through the Marie Curie CIG grant and the Spanish Research Program Ramon y Cajal. We sincerely thank Trevor Branch and anonymous referees for their useful comments and suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript. Wiley-blackwell Hoboken; International audience; Stock-based and ecosystem-based indicators are used to provide a new diagnosis of the fishing impact and environmental status of European seas. In the seven European marine ecosystems covering the Baltic and the North-east Atlantic, (i) trends in landings since 1950 were examined; (ii) syntheses of the status and trends in fish stocks were consolidated at the ecosystem level; and (iii) trends in ecosystem indicators based on landings and surveys were analysed. We show that yields began to decrease everywhere (except in the Baltic) from the mid-1970s, as a result of the over-exploitation of some major stocks. Fishermen adapted by increasing fishing effort and exploiting a wider part of the ecosystems. This was insufficient to compensate for the decrease in abundance of many stocks, and total landings have halved over the last 30years. The highest fishing impact took place in the late 1990s, with a clear decrease in stock-based and ecosystem indicators. In particular, trophic-based indicators exhibited a continuous decreasing trend in almost all ecosystems. Over the past decade, a decrease in fishing pressure has been observed, the mean fishing mortality rate of assessed stocks being almost halved in all the considered ecosystems, but no clear recovery in the biomass and ecosystem indicators is yet apparent. In addition, the mean recruitment index was shown to decrease by around 50% in all ecosystems (except the Baltic). We conclude that building this kind of diagnosis is a key step on the path to implementing an ecosystem approach to fisheries management.
Published: 2016

2. EOSC-Life -D1.3 EOSC-Life EOSC FAIR services deployment for open calls

Author: Parkinson, Helen, Gribbon, Philip, Sarkans, Ugis, Witt, Gesa, Zaliani, Andrea, Kohler, Manfred, Swedlow, Jason, Burel, Jean-Marie, Swertz, Morris, van Enckevort, Esther, Holub, Petr, Massimi, Marzia, Matteoni, Rafaele, Maier, Holger, Hinttala, Reetta, Heikkinen, Anne, Gormanns, Philipp, Vasseur, Laurent, Leblanc, Sophie, Herault, Yann, Kontoyiannis, Dimitris, Chandras, Christina, Panou, Dimitra, López-Coronado, José-Miguel, Aznar-Novella, Rosa, Robert, Vincent, Hadj-Amor, Ammar-Ben, Casaregola, Serge, Legras, Jean-Luc, Mistou, Michel-Yves, Romano, Paolo, Perseil, Isabelle, David, Romain, Pieruschka, Roland, Exter, Katrina, Portier, Marc, Decruw, Cedric, Canham, Steve, Ohmann, Christian, Goryanin, Sergey, Del-Cano, Laura, Fratelli, Maddalena, Goble, Carole, Owen, Stuart, Soiland-Reyes, Stian, Juty, Nick, Harmse, Henriette, Longo, Dario, Sansone, Susanna, Lister, Allyson-L., Mcquilton, Peter, Tursthon, Milo, Granell, Ramon, Mirian, Hossein, Roos, Marco, Bonino, Luiz, European Bioinformatics Institute [Hinxton] (EMBL-EBI), EMBL Heidelberg, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Hinxton], Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences Dundee, University of Dundee, Division of Computational Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), European research infrastructure for biobanking (BBMRI-ERIC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Bologna] (CNR), University of South Australia [Adelaide], MRC Harwell Institute [UK], INFRAFRONTIER GmbH [Neuherberg], Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino [Genoa, Italy], INSERM-TRANSFERT [Paris] (IT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), European Research Infrastructure on Highly Pathogenic Agents (ERINHA-AISBL), IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), European Clinical Research Infrastructures Network [Dusseldorf] (ECRIN), IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri' [Milan, Italy], The University of Manchester, University of Oxford, Fraunhofer-Institut für Offene Kommunikationssysteme (FOKUS Fraunhofer), EMBL, CSIC, VU, BBMRI, KNAW, UVEG, USMI, IMG, UNIMAN, LUMC, EATRIS, UNIMIB, EBI, ECRIN, EMBRC, EMPHASIS (FZJ), ERINHA, INFRAFRONTIER, INRAE, UNIVDUN, HMGU, CERBM, BSCRC, UOULU, CRRMMP, and European Project: 824087,EOSC-Life
Subjects: Life science, FAIR data, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], research infrastructures, FAIR services
Abstract: This deliverable summarises the work of WP1 to deliver Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Re-usable (FAIR) services in the context of EOSC-Life’s funding calls, using these to improve FAIR services, service uptake and to inform sustainable development and future use. We describe service delivery and development around the FAIR principles and present the funded projects which have driven our implementation of FAIR Services. We address sustainability and describe the processes used to engage the EOSC-Life funded projects, as well as future work.
Published: 2022

3. Working towards integration of new data describing biological essential ocean variables from marine coastal ecosystems

Author: Creach, Veronique, Cabrera, Patricia, Artigas, Luis Felipe, Grégori, Gérald, Irisson, Jean-Olivier, Lefebvre, Alain, Lindh, Markus, Möller, Klas Ove, Seppala, Jukka, Thyssen, M, Lombard, Fabien, Schepers, Lennert, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Lowestoft] (CEFAS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ARGANS Limited, Aalto University, and Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ)
Subjects: [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract: International audience; The development of a new generation of biological sensors has drastically changed the studies of marine plankton from lab bench work to in vivo and real-time observations. Target organisms, from bacteria to plankton, can now be optically characterized and/or photographed and archived. Consequently, scientists are facing the difficult challenge to handle a large amount of data which need to be processed rapidly and harmonised before being stored in databases to be accessible to scientific/environmental management communities. In the Joint European Research Infrastructure for Coastal Observatories (JERICO-RI), we intend to integrate the monitoring of physical, biogeochemical and biological variables to better understand coastal ecosystems. Focusing primarily on plankton communities measured at high spatial and temporal resolution, we aim to provide a framework for the data flow following the Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reuse (FAIR). To achieve this, we need to draw up best practices in data management to be followed by users and experts operating the sensors such as standardised protocol, minimal technical metadata elements for effective re-use, identify and extend appropriate vocabularies, identify tools for data integration and platforms for trust-worthy long-term archival, standardised data formats to be ingested by European data infrastructures. In this presentation, we will present some of our achievements regarding in vivo flow cytometry, imagery analysis, and multispectral fluorimetry.
Published: 2021

4. LE PORTEFEUILLE D'INDICATEURS DE SURVEILLANCE DES OCÉANS DU CMEMS POUR LES EAUX DE L'IBERIAN BISCAY IRISH (IBI) : VARIABLES ESSENTIELLES SURVEILLÉES DE MANIÈRE OPÉRATIONNELLE ET PERSPECTIVES D'AVENIR

Author: de Pascual Collar, Álvaro, Levier, B., Sotillo, M. G., Aznar, R., Toledano, C., Aouf, L., Garcia-Leon, M., Gutknecht, E., McGovern, J.V., García-Valdecasas, José María, Lorente, P., Dabrowski, T., Amo-Baladron, A., Guihou, K., Alvarez Fanjul, E., Puertos de l’Estado, Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Météo France, Marine Institute [Ireland], Shom, Ifremer, EuroGOOS AISBL, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Météo-France Direction Interrégionale Sud-Est (DIRSE), and Météo-France
Subjects: ocean monitoring indicators, Iberian-Biscay-Ireland, IBI, essential variables, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, CMEMS
Abstract: International audience; The CMEMS Iberian-Biscay-Ireland Monitoring and Forecasting Center (IBI-MFC) currently provides a variety of OMIs oriented to monitor the main oceanographic processes taking place in this regional domain. Among the OMIs currently delivered by IBI-MFC, it is worth mentioning (i) the coastal upwelling index focused on the African-Iberian coast, (ii) the indicator of Mediterranean Outflow Water variability and (iii) diverse indicators of extreme events of temperature or wave height. Currently, IBIMFC efforts are concentrated on designing bloom phenology indicators derived from chlorophyll anomalies detected within IBI regional seas.The present work aims to provide a general overview of the IBI-MFC OMIs operationally provided nowadays and further insight into the routine OMI update strategy, as well as main conclusions from them. Finally, ongoing developments of novel upcoming OMIs for the IBI region are also introduced.; Le centre de surveillance et de prévision CMEMS Iberian-Biscay-Ireland (IBI-MFC) fournit actuellement une variété d'OMIs orientés vers la surveillance des principaux processus océanographiques ayant lieu dans ce domaine régional. Parmi les OMIs actuellement fournis par l'IBI-MFC, il convient de mentionner (i) l'indice d'upwelling côtier centré sur la côte africaine-ibérique, (ii) l'indicateur de variabilité des eaux de sortie de la Méditerranée et (iii) divers indicateurs d'événements extrêmes de température ou de hauteur de vague. Actuellement, les efforts de l'IBIMFC se concentrent sur la conception d'indicateurs de la phénologie des fleurs d'eau dérivés des anomalies de chlorophylle détectées dans les mers régionales de l'IBI.Le présent travail vise à fournir une vue d'ensemble des OMIs IBI-MFC fournis de manière opérationnelle aujourd'hui et un aperçu de la stratégie de mise à jour de routine des OMIs, ainsi que les principales conclusions qui en découlent. Enfin, les développements en cours des nouveaux OMIs à venir pour la région IBI sont également présentés.
Published: 2021

5. PROGRÈS RÉCENTS DES MODÈLES DE PRÉVISION OCÉANIQUE LOCALE À ÉCHELLE RÉDUITE POUR LES UTILISATEURS MARITIMES IRLANDAIS

Author: Nagy, Hazem, Lyons, Kieran, Mcgovern, Joseph, Pereiro, Diego, Mamoutos, Ioannis, Nolan, Glenn, Dabrowski, Tomasz, Marine Institute [Oranmore], Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR), Shom, Ifremer, and EuroGOOS AISBL
Subjects: Connemara, Irish, ROMS, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Galway, wetting/drying
Abstract: International audience; This study will give an overview of high-resolution Irish local scale models. The Irish Marine Institute implemented the Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS) to coastal waters on the west coast of Ireland. Out of the six models, details of three are presented. The models are: Connemara, Galway Bay and Bertraghboy Bay with most recent developments including the implementation of wetting/drying algorithm. Implementation of a realistic bathymetry for Connemara and Galway models wetting/ drying algorithm has resulted in better validation against acoustic Doppler current profi lers (ADCPs). The models implemented with a wetting and drying algorithm have shown better agreement against ADCPs.; Cette étude donnera un aperçu des modèles irlandais à haute résolution à l'échelle locale. L'Irish Marine Institute a mis en œuvre le système régional de modélisation des océans (ROMS) pour les eaux côtières de la côte ouest de l'Irlande. Sur les six modèles, les détails de trois sont présentés. Ces modèles sont : Connemara, Galway Bay et Bertraghboy Bay avec les développements les plus récents incluant l'implémentation de l'algorithme de mouillage/séchage. La mise en œuvre d'une bathymétrie réaliste pour l'algorithme de mouillage/séchage des modèles Connemara et Galway a permis une meilleure validation par rapport aux profileurs de courant Doppler acoustiques (ADCP). Les modèles implémentés avec un algorithme de mouillage et de séchage ont montré une meilleure concordance avec les ADCPs.
Published: 2021

6. EMSO ERIC, THE PAN-EUROPEAN INFRASTRUCTURE OF SEAFLOOR AND WATER-COLUMN OBSERVATORIES AROUND THE EUROPEAN SEAS, EXTENDS ITS COVERAGE TO THE ARCTIC

Author: Juan Dañobeitia, Paolo Favali, Laura Beranzoli, Alan Berry, Jérôme Blandin, Mathilde Cannat, Mafalda Carapuço, Ayoze Castro, Laurent Coppola, Eric Delory, Joaquin del Rio Fernandez, Davide Embriaco, Ilker Fer, Bénédicte Ferré, Maria Fredella, Andrew Gates, Alessandra Giuntini, Susan Hartman, Nadine Lantéri, Giuditta Marinaro, Paola Materia, George Petihakis, Vlad Radulescu, Ivan Rodero, Pierre-Marie Sarradin, Zuzia Stroynowski, EMSO ERIC, Rome, Italy, Marine Tech. Unit-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Roma (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Marine Institute [Ireland], Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), CNRS IPGP PARIS FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Instituto Português de Investigação do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), PLOCAN, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), OBSEA-UPC, Barcelona, Spain, Bergen University College, Tromsø University College, National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR), Eurogoos, National Institute for Marine Geology and Geo-ecology (GeoEcoMar ), Shom, Ifremer, EuroGOOS AISBL, and CNRS, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
Subjects: interdisciplinarity, deep seafl oor and water column, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ocean observation systems, European Research Infrastructure
Abstract: International audience; EMSO is a distributed Research Infrastructure currently comprising nine Regional Facilities (RFs) and three shallow water test sites, strategically located all the way from the southern entrance of the Arctic Ocean across to the North Atlantic through the Mediterranean to the Black Sea. Since the beginning of 2021 Norway has been integrated as a new EMSO ERIC member, extending the geographical coverage to the Nordic Sea and the Arctic. EMSO’s extension will benefi t from an experienced team managing moored observatories, ocean gliders and the Mohn Ridge Seafl oor and Water Column Observatory.
Published: 2021

7. DEVELOPMENT OF AN APPLICATION TO TRACK MISSING PERSONS AT SEA

Author: Pereiro, Diego, Lyons, Kieran, Othmani, Achref, Fuller, Rob, Nolan, Glenn, Dabrowski, Tomasz, Marine Institute [Ireland], Gno Beo Limited, Shom, Ifremer, EuroGOOS AISBL, and MORVAN, Gaël
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, particle-tracking, OpenDrift, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ADRIFT, search and rescue, windage
Abstract: Particle-tracking models can simulate the drift of floating objects in the ocean, and provide a valuable tool for search and rescue operations at sea. The choice of model parameters has a big impact on the prediction, and can greatly affect the success of the search and rescue operations. In particular, the way in which windage is introduced into the model largely determines the dispersion and fi nal distribution of the numerical floats. The Marine Institute has conducted several experiments with OpenDrift, which have proven to be useful to help in search and rescue operations and to investigate the important connection that exists between people missing from the coast of Ireland and being found on the Welsh coast. This has culminated in the implementation of a new version of an OpenDrift-based, web application called ADRIFT, which allows to select between a range of different objects with specific leeway properties., Les modèles de suivi des particules peuvent simuler la dérive des objets flottants dans l'océan et constituent un outil précieux pour les opérations de recherche et de sauvetage en mer. Le choix des paramètres du modèle a un impact important sur la prédiction, et peut grandement affecter le succès des opérations de recherche et de sauvetage. En particulier, la manière dont le vent est introduit dans le modèle détermine largement la dispersion et la distribution finale des flotteurs numériques. Le Marine Institute a mené plusieurs expériences avec OpenDrift, qui se sont avérées utiles pour aider les opérations de recherche et de sauvetage et pour étudier le lien important qui existe entre les personnes disparues de la côte irlandaise et celles retrouvées sur la côte galloise. Ces expériences ont abouti à la mise en œuvre d'une nouvelle version d'une application web basée sur OpenDrift, appelée ADRIFT, qui permet de choisir entre une série d'objets différents ayant des propriétés de dérive spécifiques.
Published: 2021

8. STRONGER TOGETHER: DEVELOPING THE FRAMEWORK FOR A SUSTAINABLE NATIONAL RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE EIROOS (IRISH OCEAN OBSERVING SYSTEM) AS AN EFFECTIVE COMPONENT OF THE EUROPEAN OCEAN OBSERVING SYSTEM (EOOS)

Author: Gaughan, Paul, Nolan, Glenn, Cusack, Caroline, Thomas, Rob, Berry, Alan, Guy, Westbrook, Malley, Conall, Leadbetter, Adam, Fitzhenry, Deirdre, Gilooly, Mick, Lyons, Kieran, Marine Institute [Oranmore], Shom, Ifremer, EuroGOOS AISBL, and MORVAN, Gaël
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, marine infrastructure, coastal, adaptation, sea level, sustainability, ocean, collaboration, shelf, carbon cycle, technology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Observing, climate, resilience
Abstract: International audience; Ireland occupies a unique location in the NE Atlantic - an important carbon sink and an area most vulnerable to changes in Atlantic circulation. Ireland has actively participated in European ocean observation projects from the EC Sixth Framework Programme through to Horizon 2020 leading to the development of ocean and climate observing systems from the coast to open ocean. However, infrastructure gaps remain which impact the capability to address scientific questions of national and global importance. Ireland’s longstanding scientific interaction at a European level coupled with significant state investments in ocean observation infrastructures has led to the development of EirOOS (the Irish Ocean Observing System). We demonstrate how EirOOS has developed, at a national level, into a key Research Infrastructure to further develop scientific and technical research capacity in sea level science, ocean circulation, and carbon sequestration to understand the connection between Ireland, its coastal seas and the Atlantic. The data infrastructure underpinning EirOOS is discussed and how it links the disparate elements of the distributed infrastructure together through harmonisation and interoperability of its data platforms.The multi-level interaction and cooperation between EirOOS and other key marine European Research infrastructures like EMSO, EuroArgo and JERICO RI in terms of developing cohesive and impactful science, user and business cases for EirOOS to ensure it is delivering services and outputs defined by its stakeholders is discussed. Finally, the role of EirOOS as an effective and sustainable component in a distributed European Ocean Observing System with a description of the framework for integration is considered.
Published: 2021

9. DÉVELOPPER LE SERVICE DE CLIMATOLOGIE MARINE EUROGOOS GRÂCE À UNE APPROCHE INTÉGRÉE DU SYSTÈME TERRESTRE

Author: She, Jun, Bethers, Uldis, Cardin, Vanessa, Christensen, Kai H., Dabrowski, Tomasz, Janssen, Frank, Haapala, Jari, Lars, Arneborg, Legrand, Sébastien, Lien, Vidar, Lips, Inga, Maar, Marie, Mader, Julien, Morucci, Sara, Novellino, Antonio, Orfila, Alejandro, Petihakis, George, Ruiz-Villarreal, Manuel, Staneva, Joanna, Triantafyllou, George, Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), University of Latvia (LU), Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS, Trieste, Italy, Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Marine Institute [Ireland], Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency [Hamburg] (BSH), Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure [Berlin] (BMVI), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Eurogoos, Aarhus University [Aarhus], AZTI-Tecnalia (Marine Research Division), AZTI-Tecnalia, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), ETT, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Málaga., Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Shom, Ifremer, and EuroGOOS AISBL
Subjects: marine resources, access, research, EuroGOOS, Green Deal, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, marine climate service, Climate change adaptation, earth system, climate change adaptation, environmental protection, wave energy
Abstract: International audience; The ocean is an important pathway to a low-carbon and climate resilient society, e.g. in areas of blue carbon, green shipping, offshore renewable energy, aquaculture, fishery and coastal adaptation. Currently, 26 EU member states have made their National Adaptation Strategy (NAS) and/or National Strategy Plan (NAP) which needs a strong climate information service. European Global Ocean Observing System (EuroGOOS) has a strategy to expand existing operational marine service to climate change in 2020-2030. As focal points of national marine, climate and/or weather services, ROOS (Regional Sea Operational Oceanographic System) members have extensive experiences in working with citizens, stakeholders and decision-makers at national, regional and municipality levels. This paper will review current marine climate service capacity in ROOS members, identify gaps in modelling, products and service, and propose a seamless earth system approach for developing EuroGOOS and ROOS marine climate service capacities.; L'océan est une voie importante vers une société à faible émission de carbone et résiliente au changement climatique, par exemple dans les domaines du carbone bleu, du transport maritime vert, des énergies renouvelables en mer, de l'aquaculture, de la pêche et de l'adaptation côtière. Actuellement, 26 États membres de l'UE ont élaboré leur stratégie nationale d'adaptation (NAS) et/ou leur plan stratégique national (NAP), ce qui nécessite un service d'information climatique solide. Le système européen d'observation des océans (EuroGOOS) a une stratégie pour étendre le service marin opérationnel existant au changement climatique en 2020-2030. En tant que points focaux des services marins, climatiques et/ou météorologiques nationaux, les membres du ROOS (Regional Sea Operational Oceanographic System) ont une grande expérience de la collaboration avec les citoyens, les parties prenantes et les décideurs aux niveaux national, régional et municipal. Ce document passe en revue les capacités actuelles des services de climatologie marine des membres du ROOS, identifie les lacunes en matière de modélisation, de produits et de services, et propose une approche de système terrestre homogène pour développer les capacités des services de climatologie marine d'EuroGOOS et du ROOS.
Published: 2021

10. EUROFLEETS RI - UNE ALLIANCE D'ORGANISATIONS ET DE NAVIRES DE RECHERCHE POUR RENFORCER LES OBSERVATIONS INTÉGRÉES ET DURABLES DE L'OCÉAN ET SOUTENIR LA VALIDATION DE NOUVELLES TECHNOLOGIES INNOVANTES AFIN DE FAIRE PROGRESSER LES COMPÉTENCES ET LES CAPACITÉS D'OBSERVATION

Author: Fitzgerald, Aodhán, Ni, Bernadette, Magnifico, Giuseppe, Evangelista, Lorenza, Flavin, Niamh, Lefort, Olivier, Nieuwejaar, Per Wilhelm, Marine Institute [Ireland], National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Bergen, Norway, Shom, Ifremer, EuroGOOS AISBL, and MORVAN, Gaël
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, research vessels, deep seafl oor and water column, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, marine science, observing systemsinterdisciplinarity, pan-European research infrastructures, deep seafloor and water column, transnational access
Abstract: International audience; Built on the two previous FP7 grants Eurofleets (2009-2013) and Eurofleets 2 (2013-2017) and within the on-going H2020 Eurofleets+ project, the under-discussion Eurofleets RI aims at strengthening the role of the European Research Vessel Fleet in collecting marine data from global oceans, regional seas and coastal waters, deploy and service observing systems, so providing a vital platform for other European RIs. Eurofleets+ provides transnational access to a unique fl eet of research vessels through a robust call management and evaluation process. Joint research activities in the project aims at advancing data management, improving interoperability of rigs for deployment of different equipment, facilitating installation of mobile equipment across different vessels and validating new innovations for intelligent exploration. Active dialog with stakeholders ensures that marine research vessels including associated equipment are coordinated, designed and operated optimally to meet scientific user’s requirements in addition to providing training activities to support the next generation of marine scientists. Fostering innovation through the management of exploitable results is supported through collaboration with industrial partners. A business plan and strategic roadmap are under development for Eurofl eets RI, while extensive dissemination and communication activities to raise awareness of the essential role of the European Research Vessel Fleet are ongoing.
Published: 2021

11. EUROFLEETS : FAVORISER LES LIENS AVEC L'INDUSTRIE DANS L'AVANCEMENT DES INNOVATIONS EN MATIÈRE D'ÉQUIPEMENT POUR LES OPÉRATIONS EN EAUX PROFONDES À PARTIR DE NAVIRES DE RECHERCHE

Author: Flavin, Niamh, Fitzgerald, Aodhán, Masalles, Arturo, Waage, David, Jørgensen, Lars, Kjaerstad, Jan, Sigurd Ødegård, Jarle, Marine Institute [Ireland], Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Hampidjan, Reykjavik, Iceland, MacArtney AS, Esbjerg, Denmark, SEAONICS, Ålesund, Norway, Shom, Ifremer, EuroGOOS AISBL, and MORVAN, Gaël
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Industry, Interoperability, Collaboration, Research Vessels, Deep Sea
Abstract: International audience; Eurofl eets is a key research infrastructure, essential for collecting in situ marine data sets from global oceans, regional seas and coastal waters. Research vessels carry and operate shipborne observation equipment and facilitate deployment and handling of a large range of observing and sampling instruments. The infrastructure is also evolving, with fixed ocean seafl oor observation and mobile surface and subsea autonomous technologies presenting challenges to the existing fl eet to deploy and maintain. Meeting the complex end user needs of European scientists across disciplines and geographic locations is an expensive and complex exercise requiring coordination at national and international levels, and the use of common standards and approaches. To meet the expected challenges, Eurofl eets+ (An alliance of European marine research infrastructure to meet the evolving needs of the research and industrial communities) project is undertaking Joint Research Activities (JRA) with key industry partners. Specifi cally, the objective of JRA 3.2 led by CSIC, with the Marine Institute and industry partners Hampidjan, MacArtney AS and SEAONICS is the study and conceptual development of equipment for deep sea operations from research vessels co-designed by research and industry partners.Improving interoperability of Large Exchangeable Instrumentation (LEXI) is a primary aim of Eurofl eets+, especially in terms of improvement and standardisation of tools/rigging for more effi cient operations.The collaborative approach aims to develop a new deep-sea winch design, a multipurpose crane/handling system for deep water operations and a dual mode handling system designed for the deployment and recovery of research tools through moon-pools or/and over the side.
Published: 2021

12. LE SERVICE OPÉRATIONNEL CMEMS IBI-MFC AUJOURD'HUI : EXAMEN DES PRINCIPALES RÉALISATIONS AU COURS DE LA PHASE DE SERVICE DE COPERNICUS-1 (2015-2021)

Author: Sotillo, Marcos García, Cailleau, S., Aznar, R, Aouf, L., Barrera, E., Dabrowski, T., Rey, P., Llorente, P, Levier, B., Amo-Baladron, A., Reffray, G., Toledano, C., Gutknecht, E., Pascual, A., Dalphinet, A., Guihou, K., McGovern, J., Rodriguez, A., Renaud, R., Bowyer, P., Ghantous, M., Garcia, L., Benkiram, M., Alvarez Fanjul, E., Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Organismo publico puertos del estado, Nologin, Météo France, Spanish State Meteorological Agency (AEMET), Marine Institute [Ireland], CESGA, Shom, Ifremer, EuroGOOS AISBL, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Météo-France Direction Interrégionale Sud-Est (DIRSE), and Météo-France
Subjects: ocean forecasting, IBI, ocean models, biogeochemistry, operational oceanography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, reanalysis, waves, CMEMS
Abstract: International audience; The CMEMS IBI-MFC (Iberia-Biscay-Ireland Monitoring & Forecasting Centre) delivers daily ocean model forecasts, analysis and reanalysis of different physical and biogeochemical parameters for the Atlantic façade, supporting all kind of marine applications. Along Copernicus-1, this IBI operational service has continuously evolved, upgrading both its forecast capabilities (in 2015, only a circulation forecast in place; today, 3 operational services, including waves and biogeochemical forecasts) and its multi-Year production (covering altimetric era with ocean and wave reanalysis products, together with a non-assimilative biogeochemical hindcast). The main IBIMFC operational achievements and product upgrades are here reviewed. An overview of main IBI service milestones, in terms of both operational production (with inclusion of new variables, increase of product resolution and temporal frequency, extension of forecast horizons and reanalysis coverages) and product quality enhancement is provided. The IBI model applications are routinely validated through meaningful skill scores and a wide range of statistical metrics computed to quantitatively assess the quality and reliability of these model solutions. The CMEMS IBI-MFC delivers today a reliable operational service, meeting user needs for a widespread end-user community (with strong IBI-ROOS connections and marked by a high number of ‘regular’ operational users linked to downstream services). The IBI-MFC service is expected to be upgraded, already in a Copernicus-2 context, and major guidelines of the roadmap are here outlined.
Published: 2021

13. EOSC-Life D1.2 EOSC repository deployment for project demonstrators

Author: Parkinson, Helen, Gribbon, Philip, Sarkans, Ugis, Witt, Gesa, Zaliani, Andrea, Kohler, Manfred, Swedlow, Jason, Burel, Jean-Marie, Swertz, Morris, Van-Enckevort, Esther, Holub, Petr, Massimi, Marzia, Matteonie, Rafaele, Maier, Holger, Hinttala, Reetta, Heikkinen, Anne, Gormanns, Philipp, Del-Cano, Laura, Vasseur, Laurent, Leblanc, Sophie, Herault, Yann, Kontoyiannis, Dimitris, Chandras, Christina, Panou, Dimitra, López-Coronado, José-Miguel, Aznar-Novella, Rosa, Robert, Vincent, Hadj-Amor, Ammar-Ben, Casaregola, Serge, Legras, Jean-Luc, Mistou, Michel-Yves, Romano, Paolo, Perseil, Isabelle, David, Romain, Pieruschka, Roland, Exter, Katrina, Portier, Marc, Decruw, Cedric, Canham, Steve, Ohmann, Christian, Goryanin, Sergey, del Cano, Laura, Fratelli, Maddalena, Goble, Carole, Owen, Stuart, Soiland-Reyes, Stian, Juty, Nick, Sansone, Susanna, Mcquilton, Peter, Roos, Marco, Bonino, Luiz, European Bioinformatics Institute [Hinxton] (EMBL-EBI), EMBL Heidelberg, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (Fraunhofer ISI ), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences Dundee, University of Dundee, Division of Computational Biology, University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), European research infrastructure for biobanking (BBMRI-ERIC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR [Pisa, Italia], Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica - IFC [Pisa, Italia], Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Milano] (CNR), MRC Harwell Institute [UK], PHENOMIN, GIE CERBM, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), INSERM-U964, Strasbourg University, Illkirch, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INFRAFRONTIER GmbH [Neuherberg], Biomedical Sciences Research Centre Alexander Fleming [Vari, Greece] (BSRC), Departamento de Fisica Teorica and IFIC (CSIC- UVEG), Universitat de València (UV), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), INSEAN - CNR, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), European Research Infrastructure on Highly Pathogenic Agents (ERINHA-AISBL), IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), European Clinical Research Infrastructures Network [Dusseldorf] (ECRIN), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri (IRFMN), University of Manchester [Manchester], Oxford e-Research Centre [Oxford], University of Oxford, Center for Infectious Diseases [LUMC, Leiden] (CID), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Universiteit Leiden-Universiteit Leiden, Fraunhofer-Institut für Offene Kommunikationssysteme (FOKUS Fraunhofer), EMBL, VU, KNAW, BBMRI, UVEG, USMI, IMG, CNRI, UNIMAN, LUMC, EATRIS, INRAE, ECRIN, EMBRC, EMPHASIS (FZJ), ERINHA, INFRAFRONTIER, UNIMIB, UNIVDUN, HMGU, CERBM, BSCRC, UOULU, CIRMMP, CSIC, and European Project: 824087,EOSC-Life
Subjects: data, Life science data, life science, registries, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Cloud, repositories, Cross registry interoperability, FAIR
Abstract: This deliverable addresses WP1’s objectives related to publication of data and data resources in cloud repositories by making available resources in EOSC-Life’s registries; the implementation of FAIR services and standards, by development of FAIR registries in collaboration with WP6; and evolution of repository infrastructure by making available registry entries deriving from WP3 demonstrators. Use cases for EOSC-Life registries have been defined for general and clinical research data use and the ‘EOSC-Life’ collection in FAIRsharing has been populated and released comprising more than 100 data resources and standards. A clinical MetaData Repository has also been developed to address challenges of clinical data sharing in Europe. We have engaged with EOSC, sister projects such as FAIRsFAIR and ENVRI to consider the features of registries, cross registry interoperability and use cases which link EOSC projects. We will continue to update the registries as the project progresses and as new dataset and resources are made available and will engage with pan-EOSC registry planning based on our work to date.
Published: 2021

14. ICES. 2021. Working Group on North Atlantic Salmon ( WGNAS)

Author: April, Julien, Bardarson, Hlynur, Ahlbeck-Bergendahl, Ida, Bolstad, Geir H., Breau, Cindy, Buoro, Mathieu, Camara, Karin, Chaput, Gerald, Cooper, Anne, Dauphin, Guillaume, Ensing, Dennis, Erkinaro, Jaakko, Fiske, Peder, Freese, Marko, Gillson, Jonathan, Gregory, Stephen, Hanson, Nora, Jepsen, Niels, Kelly, Nicholas, Kenyon, Wendy, Maxwell, Hugo, Meerburg, David, Millane, Michael, Nygaard, Rasmus, Ounsley, James, Patin, Rémi, Prusov, Sergey, Raab, Dustin, Rivot, Etienne, Robertson, Martha, Sheehan, Timothy, Tallman, Ross, Walker, Alan, Wennevik, Vidar, Ministere des Forets, de la Faune et des Parcs du Quebec, Quebec, QC, Canada, Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Ecologie Comportementale et Biologie des Populations de Poissons (ECOBIOP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), pôle OFB-INRAE- Agrocampus Ouest-UPPA pour la gestion des migrateurs amphihalins dans leur environnement, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), LANUV NRW KIRCHHUNDEM ALBAUM DEU, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Partenaires INRAE, Agri Food & Biosciences Institute - AFBI, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Thünen Institute, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Lowestoft] (CEFAS), Salmon and Trout Research Centre, Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust, The Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust, Marine Scotland, DTU Aqua, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization, Marine Institute [Ireland], Atlantic Salmon Federation, Inland Fisheries Ireland, Greenland Institute for Natural Resources (GINR), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), and University of Bergen (UiB)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

15. DEVELOPMENT OF COASTAL MARINE SERVICES FOR TACKLING COASTAL RISKS IN THE ATLANTIC AREA: THE VALUE OF REGIONAL COOPERATION

Author: Ruiz-Villarreal, M. (Manuel), Mader, J. (Julien), Carracedo, P., Torres, R., Bedington, M., Montero, P., Dabrowski, Tomasz, McGovern, J., García-García, L. (Luz), Gallego, A., MORVAN, Gaël, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Málaga., AZTI Foundation, Meteogalicia, Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Intecmar, Marine Institute [Ireland], Instituto Espagňol de Oceanografia (IEO), Marine Scotland, Shom, Ifremer, and EuroGOOS AISBL
Subjects: joint development, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, coastal risks, wave forecasting, chemical pollution, marine services, sound, access, coastal observatories, transferable tools, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, drifting data buoys, Atlantic Area
Abstract: The MyCOAST project (http://mycoast-project.org/) is an INTERREG Atlantic Area project designed to demonstrate that marine services for tackling coastal risks can be jointly developed. The main innovation and originality of the project stems from the implementation of transferable tools able to improve the risk management systems operated in the Atlantic Area. A successful outcome was achieved by identifying mature existing tools and selecting those that could be further developed by partners during the project duration. Demonstration of the tools in pilot actions showed that they are effective in supporting end users and relocatable among different regions in the Atlantic Area., Le projet MyCOAST (http://mycoast-project.org/) est un projet INTERREG de l'Espace Atlantique destiné à démontrer que les services maritimes pour faire face aux risques côtiers peuvent être développés conjointement. La principale innovation et originalité du projet réside dans la mise en œuvre d'outils transférables capables d'améliorer les systèmes de gestion des risques exploités dans l'Espace Atlantique. L'identification d'outils matures existants et la sélection de ceux qui pourraient être développés par les partenaires pendant la durée du projet ont permis d'atteindre un résultat positif. La démonstration des outils dans des actions pilotes a montré qu'ils sont efficaces pour soutenir les utilisateurs finaux et qu'ils peuvent être transférés dans différentes régions de l'Espace Atlantique.
Published: 2021

16. Assessment of the quality of European silver eels and tentative approach to trace the origin of contaminants -An European overview

Author: Paco Bustamante, Claude Belpaire, Michael Ingemann Pedersen, Gregory E. Maes, Elsa Amilhat, Laure Virag, Gustavo Becerra-Jurado, Elisabeth Faliex, Kim Aarestrup, Catherine Boisneau, Javier Lobón-Cerviá, Anthony Acou, Govindan Malarvannan, Eric Feunteun, Alan Walker, Lieven Bervoets, David Righton, Clarisse Boulenger, Niklas Sjöberg, Håkan Wickström, Thomas Trancart, Russell Poole, Adrian Covaci, Paddy Gargan, Bastien Bourillon, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), pôle OFB-INRAE- Agrocampus Ouest-UPPA pour la gestion des migrateurs amphihalins dans leur environnement, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), INBO - Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), University of Antwerp (UA), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DTU Aqua, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés (CITERES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours, Unité Expérimentale d'Ecologie et d'Ecotoxicologie Aquatique - U3E (Rennes, France) (U3E ), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Inland Fisheries Ireland, Institute for European Environmental Policy, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Biosystems, Division of Gene Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven School of Medicine, SCHOOL of MEDICINE [Louvain], Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)-Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture - Comparative Genomics Centre - College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Marine Institute [Ireland], Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Lowestoft] (CEFAS), European Project: 212133,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2007-1,EELIAD(2008), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Pôle OFB-INRAE- Agrocampus Ouest-UPPA pour la gestion des migrateurs amphihalins dans leur environnement, AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), James Cook University (JCU), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: Pollution, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Lipid energy, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Freshwater ecosystem, Anguillicola crassus, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Biomonitoring, Animals, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, 14. Life underwater, Biology, Waste Management and Disposal, Ecosystem, Flame Retardants, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, SDG 15 - Life on Land, Pollutant, Managemen, Eels, Contamination, Anguilla, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Bioaccumulation, 6. Clean water, Management, Europe, Fishery, Chemistry, Lipd energy, Bioindicators, Environmental science, Female, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Bioindicator
Abstract: The European eel is critically endangered. Although the quality of silver eels is essential for their reproduction, little is known about the effects of multiple contaminants on the spawning migration and the European eel management plan does not take this into account. To address this knowledge gap, we sampled 482 silver eels from 12 catchments across Europe and developed methods to assess three aspects of eel quality: muscular lipid content (N = 169 eels), infection with Anguillicola crassus (N = 482), and contamination by persistent organic pollutants (POPs, N = 169) and trace elements (TEs, N = 75). We developed a standardized eel quality risks index (EQR) using these aspects for the subsample of 75 female eels. Among 169 eels, 33% seem to have enough muscular lipids content to reach the Sargasso Sea to reproduce. Among 482 silver eels, 93% were infected by A. crassus at least once during their lifetime. All contaminants were above the limit of quantification, except the 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), Ag and V. The contamination by POPs was heterogeneous between catchments while TEs were relatively homogeneous, suggesting a multi-scale adaptation of management plans. The EQR revealed that eels from Warwickshire were most impacted by brominated flame-retardants and agricultural contaminants, those from Scheldt were most impacted by agricultural and construction activities, PCBs, coal burning, and land use, while Frémur eels were best characterized by lower lipid contents and high parasitic and BTBPE levels. There was a positive correlation between EQR and a human footprint index highlighting the capacity of silver eels for biomonitoring human activities and the potential impact on the suitability of the aquatic environment for eel population health. EQR therefore represents a step forward in the standardization and mapping of eel quality risks, which will help identify priorities and strategies for restocking freshwater ecosystems., The EELIAD project was funded by the European Union FP7 researchprogram on environment (Grant agreement No. GOCE-2008212133, EU-EELIAD 2008-2012).
Published: 2020

17. Biological, socio-economic, and administrative opportunities and challenges to moving aquaculture offshore for small French oyster-farming companies

Author: Barillé, Laurent, LE BRIS, Anthony, Goulletquer, Philippe, Thomas, Yoann, Glize, Philippe, Kane, Frank, Falconer, Lynne, Guillotreau, Patrice, Trouillet, Brice, Palmer, Stéphanie, Gernez, Pierre, Mer, molécules et santé EA 2160 (MMS), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Nantes), Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Syndicat Mixte pour le Développement de l'Aquaculture et de la Pêche en Pays de la Loire (SMIDAP), Marine Institute [Ireland], University of Stirling, Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique (LEMNA), Institut d'Économie et de Management de Nantes - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes (IEMN-IAE Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-FR 3473 Institut universitaire Mer et Littoral (IUML), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 678396,H2020,H2020-SFS-2015-2,TAPAS(2016), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement (IGARUN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Nantes (IFREMER Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), FR 3473 Institut universitaire Mer et Littoral (IUML), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Institut d'Économie et de Management de Nantes - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes (IEMN-IAE Nantes), and Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)
Subjects: Site selection, acl, Dynamic energy budget (DEB) model, Off-shore aquaculture, Remote sensing, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, Pacific oyster, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation/Q.Q2.Q22 - Fishery • Aquaculture, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract: International audience; Oyster production has historically taken place in intertidal zones, and shellfish farms already occupy large extents of the French intertidal space. The expansion of French shellfish aquaculture within intertidal areas is therefore spatially limited, and moving production to the subtidal offshore environment is considered to be a possible solution to this problem. Finding new sites along the French Atlantic coast was studied here from the perspective of small oyster companies run by young farmers, who are interested in offshore bivalve aquaculture expansion compatible with their investment capacity. In assessing the feasibility of such offshore production, we considered three main issues: (1) bivalve growth potential and (2) technical feasibility and conflicting uses, both within a spatial framework, as well as (3) the steps and barriers of the administrative licensing process. Oyster spat in an experimental offshore cage showed significantly faster growth, in terms of both weight and length, compared to those in an intertidal cage, mainly due to lower turbidity and full-time feeding capacity (i.e., constant immersion in the water). A combination of Earth Observation data and bivalve ecophysiological modelling was then used to obtain spatial distribution maps of growth potential, which confirmed that offshore sites have better potential for oyster growth than the traditionally oyster-farmed intertidal sites overall, but that this is highly spatially variable. Small-scale producers indicated two technical factors constraining where farms could be located: bathymetry must be between 5 and 20 m and the distance from a harbor no more than five nautical miles. These were included along with maps of various environmental and socioeconomic constraints in a Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE). Touristic traffic and bottom trawling by fisherman were found to be the two other most restrictive variables. The GIS-based SMCE developed in this study showed that there is almost 400 km 2 of highly-to very highly-suitable area within which to develop offshore aquaculture using simple, low-cost bottom-cage techniques, and can be used to assist the shellfish industry in the Marine Spatial Planning decision-making process, still in progress in this coastal area. However, the complexity of the administrative processes necessary to obtain an offshore license is perceived as a stronger barrier by farmers owning small companies than site selection, technical feasibility, and required investments, and will be crucial to address in order to realistically proceed to offshore cultivation. The process demonstrated here, and the results are relevant to other coastal and offshore locations throughout the world and can be adapted for other species.
Published: 2020

18. The gene repertoire of Pythium porphyrae (Oomycota) suggests an adapted plant pathogen tackling red algae

Author: Badis, Yacine, Han, Jong Won, Klochkova, Tatyana, Gachon, Claire, Kim, Gwang, Scottish Marine Institute, Kamchatka State Technical University, Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (MCAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Kongju National University
Subjects: Pyropia, disease, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, aquaculture, oomycete, food and beverages, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Pythium, transcriptome
Abstract: International audience; Pythium porphyrae is responsible for devastating outbreaks in seaweed farms of Pyropia, the most valuable cultivated seaweed worldwide. While the genus Pythium contains many well studied pathogens, the genome of P. porphyrae has yet to be sequenced. Here we report the first available gene repertoire of P. porphyrae and a preliminary analysis of pathogenicity-related genes. Using ab initio detection strategies, similarity based and manual annotation, we found that the P. porphyrae gene repertoire is similar to classical phytopathogenic Pythium species. This includes the absence of expanded RxLR effector family and the detection of classical pathogenicity-related genes like crinklers, glycoside hydrolases, cellulose-binding elicitor lectin-like proteins and elicitins. We additionally compared this dataset to the pro-teomes of 8 selected Pythium species. While 34% of the predicted proteome appeared specific to P. porphyrae, we could not attribute specific enzymes to the degradation of red algal biomass. Conversely, we detected several cellulases and a cutinase conserved with plant-pathogenic Pythium species. Together with the recent report of P. porphyrae triggering disease symptoms on several plant species in lab-controlled conditions, our findings add weight to the hypothesis that P. porphyrae is a reformed plant pathogen.
Published: 2020

19. Global Climate [in 'State of the Climate in 2019']

Author: Dunn, Robert J. H., Stanitski, Diane M., Gobron, Nadine, Willett, Kate M., Ades, M., Adler, R., Allan, R. P., Anderson, J., Argüez, Anthony, Arosio, C., Augustine, J. A., Azorin-Molina, C., Barichivich, J., Barnes, J., Beck, H. E., Becker, Andreas, Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Berry, David I., Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Buehler, S. A., Carrea, Laura, Christiansen, Hanne H., Chouza, F., Christy, John R., Chung, E.-S., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Compo, Gil P., Cooper, Owen R., Covey, Curt, Crotwell, A., Davis, Sean M., Eyto, Elvira De, de Jeu, Richard A. M., Degasperi, Curtis L., Degenstein, Doug, Di Girolamo, Larry, Dokulil, Martin T., Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, G., Elkins, James W., Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frey, Richard A., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Garforth, J., Gupta, S. K., Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Heidinger, Andrew K., Hemming, D. L., Ho, Shu-Peng (ben), Hubert, Daan, Hurst, Dale F., Hüser, I., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, K., John, Viju, Jones, Philip D., Kaiser, J. W., Kelly, S., Khaykin, Sergey, Kidd, R., Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Z., Kraemer, B. M., Kratz, D. P., Fuente, R. S. La, Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Leblanc, Thierry, Li, Bailing, Loeb, Norman G., Long, Craig S., Loyola, Diego, Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Martens, B., May, Linda, Mayer, Michael, Mccabe, M. F., Mcvicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Menzel, W. Paul, Merchant, Christopher J., Miller, Ben R., Miralles, Diego G., Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Mühle, Jens, Myneni, R., Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Osborn, Tim J., Park, T., Pasik, A., Paterson, Andrew M., Pelto, Mauri S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S., Petron, G., Phillips, C., Pinty, Bernard, Po-Chedley, S., Polvani, L., Preimesberger, W., Pulkkanen, M., Randel, W. J., Remy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, L., Richardson, A. D., Rieger, L., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rozanov, A., Rusak, James A., Rusanovskaya, O., Rutishäuser, T., Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, P., Scanlon, T., Schenzinger, Verena, Schladow, S. Geoffey, Schlegel, R. W, Schmid, Martin, Selkirk, H. B., Sharma, S., Shi, Lei, Shimaraeva, S. V., Silow, E. A., Simmons, Adrian J., Smith, C. A., Smith, Sharon L, Soden, B. J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, T. H., Jr., Paul W. Stackhouse, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Taha, G., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, S. J., Timofeyev, M. A., Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., A, Ronald J. van Der, van Der Schalie, Robin, van Der Schrier, Gerard, van Der Werf, Guido R., Verburg, Piet, Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wang, Ray, Watanabe, Shohei G., Weber, Mark, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Wiese, David, Wilber, Anne C., Wild, Jeanette D., Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. Iestyn, Yin, Xungang, Zhao, Lin, Zhao, Guanguo, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus, Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, University of Reading (UOR), Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [Hampton] (APS), Hampton University, NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), Universität Bremen, Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificacion (CIDE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Princeton], Princeton University, Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Department of Meteorology [Reading], National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Newcastle University [Newcastle], Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), École nationale des sciences géographiques (ENSG), Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Sorbonne Université (SU), Universität Hamburg (UHH), The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), IBS Center for Climate Physics, Pusan National University, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Marine Institute [Ireland], VanderSat B.V., King County Water and Land Resources Division, Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, University of Innsbruck, Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation [Wien], Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-University of Wisconsin-Madison-NASA, Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), Woodland Trust, Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Hampton] (SSAI), Department of Meteorology and Geophysics [Vienna], Universität Wien, School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), ESRL Global Monitoring Laboratory [Boulder] (GML), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Dundalk Institute of Technology (DkIT), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Earth Observation Data Centre GmbH (EODC), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Leibniz Association, NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), GSFC Hydrological Sciences Laboratory, Earth Science System Interdisciplinary Center [College Park] (ESSIC), College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System-University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, NOAA National Weather Service (NWS), DLR Institut für Methodik der Fernerkundung / DLR Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], Hydro-Climate Extremes Laboratory (H-CEL), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Remote Sensing Systems [Santa Rosa] (RSS), Space Science and Engineering Center [Madison] (SSEC), University of Wisconsin-Madison, NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Department of Environmental, Earth and Ocean Sciences [Boston] (EEOS), University of Massachusetts [Boston] (UMass Boston), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Dorset Environmental Science Centre, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Nichols College Dudley, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Madison], Columbia University [New York], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems (SICCS), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Center for Ecosystem Science and Society (ECOSS), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Department of Geography [Piscataway], Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Irkutsk State University (ISU), Institute of Geography [Bern], University of Bern, UC Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), Department of Physical Oceanography [Woods Hole], Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), York University [Toronto], Geological Survey of Canada [Ottawa] (GSC Central & Northern Canada), Geological Survey of Canada - Office (GSC), Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)-Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables], Poznan University of Life Sciences (Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu) (PULS), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Department of Geography [Washington], The George Washington University (GW), Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology and Research (GESTAR), Universities Space Research Association (USRA)-NASA, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Lancaster] (CEH), Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Capacity Center for Climate and Weather Extremes (C3WE), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), National Institute of Water and Atmosphere [Hamilton] (NIWA), Earth Observing Laboratory [Boulder] (EOL), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR)-University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Atlanta], Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, University of Wisconsin-Madison-NASA-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and NASA-Universities Space Research Association (USRA)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology
Abstract: International audience; Global Climate is one chapter from the State of the Climate in 2019 annual report and is avail- able from https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0104.1 Compiled by NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information, State of the Climate in 2019 is based on contributions from scien- tists from around the world. It provides a detailed update on global climate indicators, notable weather events, and other data collected by environmental monitoring stations and instru- ments located on land, water, ice, and in space.The full report is available from https://doi.org/10.1175/2020BAMSStateoftheClimate.1.
Published: 2020

20. Constraining the Oceanic Uptake and Fluxes of Greenhouse Gases by Building an Ocean Network of Certified Stations: The Ocean Component of the Integrated Carbon Observation System, ICOS-Oceans

Author: Steinhoff, Tobias, Gkritzalis, Thanos, Lauvset, Siv K., Jones, Stephen D., Schuster, Ute, Olsen, Are, Becker, Meike, Bozzano, Roberto, Brunetti, Fabio, Cantoni, Carolina, Cardin, Vanessa, Diverrès, Denis, Fiedler, Björn, Fransson, Agneta, Giani, Michele, Hartman, Sue, Hoppema, Mario, Jeansson, Emil, Johannessen, Truls, Kitidis, Vassilis, Körtzinger, Arne, Landa, Camilla S., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Luchetta, Anna, Naudts, Lieven, Nightingale, Philip, Omar, Abdirahman M., Pensieri, Sara, Pfeil, Benjamin, Castaño-Primo, Rocío, Rehder, Gregor, Rutgersson, Anna, Sanders, Richard, Schewe, Ingo, Siena, Giuseppe, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Soltwedel, Thomas, Van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., Watson, Andrew J., Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Flanders Marine Institute, VLIZ, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), College of Life and Environmental Sciences [Exeter], University of Exeter, University of Leeds, Instrumentation, Moyens analytiques, Observatoires en Géophysique et Océanographie (IMAGO), Norwegian Polar Institute, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Oceanografia Sperimentale (OGS), Meteorological Research Institute [Tsukuba] (MRI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Austral, Boréal et Carbone (ABC), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), University of Bergen (UiB), Department of Earth Sciences [Uppsala], Uppsala University, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Centre for Isotope Research [Groningen] (CIO), University of Groningen [Groningen], European Project: 654410,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,JERICO-NEXT(2015), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), University of Bergen (UIB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences [ Uppsala], and NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], autonomous surface vehicle, Climate Research, ATC, dissolved inorganic, carbon portal, ocean observation, network design, Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser, flux maps, Klimatforskning, Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources, CO2 fluxes, Atmospheric Thematic Centre, DIC, CP, carbon sink, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, ASV
Abstract: The European Research Infrastructure Consortium “Integrated Carbon Observation System” (ICOS) aims at delivering high quality greenhouse gas (GHG) observations and derived data products (e.g., regional GHG-flux maps) for constraining the GHG balance on a European level, on a sustained long-term basis. The marine domain (ICOS-Oceans) currently consists of 11 Ship of Opportunity lines (SOOP – Ship of Opportunity Program) and 10 Fixed Ocean Stations (FOSs) spread across European waters, including the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans and the Barents, North, Baltic, and Mediterranean Seas. The stations operate in a harmonized and standardized way based on community-proven protocols and methods for ocean GHG observations, improving operational conformity as well as quality control and assurance of the data. This enables the network to focus on long term research into the marine carbon cycle and the anthropogenic carbon sink, while preparing the network to include other GHG fluxes. ICOS data are processed on a near real-time basis and will be published on the ICOS Carbon Portal (CP), allowing monthly estimates of CO2 air-sea exchange to be quantified for European waters. ICOS establishes transparent operational data management routines following the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) guiding principles allowing amongst others reproducibility, interoperability, and traceability. The ICOS-Oceans network is actively integrating with the atmospheric (e.g., improved atmospheric measurements onboard SOOP lines) and ecosystem (e.g., oceanic direct gas flux measurements) domains of ICOS, and utilizes techniques developed by the ICOS Central Facilities and the CP. There is a strong interaction with the international ocean carbon cycle community to enhance interoperability and harmonize data flow. The future vision of ICOS-Oceans includes ship-based ocean survey sections to obtain a three-dimensional understanding of marine carbon cycle processes and optimize the existing network design. publishedVersion
Published: 2019

21. Night-time measurements highly relevant for assessing stream CO2 fluxes: a Cross-European study

Author: Attermeyer, K., Audet, J., Barral Fraga, L., Basic, T., Bednarik, A., Busst, G., Casas Ruiz, J. P., Catalan, N., sophie Cauvy-Fraunié, Colls, M., Eyto, E., Deininger, A., Doretto, A., Doyle, B. C., Evtimova, V., Fenoglio, S., Fletcher, D., Fonvielle, J. A., Freixa, A., Fuss, T., Gilbert, P., Guttman Roberts, C., Herrero Ortega, S., Kenderov, L. A., Klaus, M., Ledesma, J. L. J., Lianqiu Liu, Mendoza Lera, C., Monteiro, J., Mor, J. R., Nagler, M., Niedrist, G. H., Noss, C., Nydahl, A. C., Pansch, N., Amandine Pastor, Pegg, J., Pilotto, F., Portela, A. P., Gonzalez Quijano, C. R., Romero, F., Rulik, M., Danny Sheath, Simov, N., Timoner, X., Bodmer, P., LIMNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY AND GENETICS UPPSALA UNIVERSITY SWE, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), WASSERCLUSTER LUNZ AUSTRIA, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), INSTITUTE OF AQUATIC ECOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF GIRONA ESP, DEPARTMENT OF LIFE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES BOURNEMOUTH UNIVERSITY FERN BARROW POOLE DORSET GBR, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences [Univ Palacký], Faculty of Science [Univ Palacký], Palacky University Olomouc-Palacky University Olomouc, RESOURCES AND ECOSYSTEMS CATALAN INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESEARCH GIRONA ESP, RiverLy (UR Riverly), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), MARINE INSTITUTE FURNACE NEWPORT CO MAYO IRELAND GBR, DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE UMEA UNIVERSITY SWE, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology [University of Turin], University of Turin, CENTRE FOR FRESHWATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES DUNDALK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CO LOUTH IRELAND GBR, DEPARTMENT OF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS INSTITUTE OF BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM RESEARCH BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES SOFIA BGR, DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION UNIVERSITY OF PIEMONTE ORIENTALE ALESSANDRIA ITALY, EXPERIMENTAL LIMNOLOGY LEIBNIZINSTITUTE OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY AND INLAND FISHERIES STECHLIN DEU, ECOSYSTEMS AND GLOBAL CHANGE GROUP DEPARTMENT OF PLANT SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE GBR, ECOHYDROLOGY LEIBNIZ-INSTITUTE OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY AND INLAND FISHERIES BERLIN DEU, ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS THURSO SCOTLAND GBR, DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL AND APPLIED HYDROBIOLOGY SOFIA UNIVERSITY ST. KLIMENT OHRIDSKI BULGARIA, INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF KOBLENZLANDAU LANDAU DEU, CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES FACULTY OF SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF LISBON PRT, DEPARTMENT OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES FACULTY OF BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA ESP, MICROBIAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE OF MICROBIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK AUT, RIVER ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK, AUSTRIA, RESEARCH CENTER IN BIODIVERSITY AND GENETIC RESOURCES FACULTY OF SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF PORTO PRT, INSTITUTE OF GLOBAL HEALTH FACULTY OF MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA CHE, NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SOFIA BGR, and CHEMICAL ANALYTICS AND BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LEIBNIZINSTITUTE OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY AND INLAND FISHERIES BERLIN DEU
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Globally, streams represent major CO2 emitters, accounting for approximately 70% of the total flux from inland waters. Hence, a proper understanding of carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake and emissions from streams is crucial for accurately estimating aquatic global carbon emissions. However, diurnal dynamics of these fluxes are still not comprehensively quantified, contributing to a high uncertainty in regional and global carbon budgets. Within the EuroRun project, the 1st Collaborative European Freshwater Science Project for Young Researchers, we aimed to assess spatial and seasonal variability of day- and night-time CO2 fluxes of 34 streams across 11 European countries. CO2 fluxes were measured with drifting flux chambers once per season at midday and midnight. The median CO2 fluxes during the day amounted to 1.4 µmol m-2 h-1 (IQR 0.5 to 3.1) and during the night to 2.1 µmol m-2 h-1 (IQR 0.95 to 3.75). The CO2 fluxes during night exceeded those during day by up to eight times. Interestingly, these differences occurred throughout all seasons and showed no latitudinal patterns. Our results highlight the importance of night-time fluxes to accurately assess CO2 fluxes from streams. As most studies are performed during the day, our survey indicates that global carbon budgets are currently underestimating the amount of CO2 released by streams.
Published: 2019

22. Distribution and abundance of methagenic and methatrophic microorganisms across European streams

Author: Nagler, M., Praeg, N., Niedrist, G., Attermeyer, K., Bednarik, A., Bors, C., Catalan, N., sophie Cauvy-Fraunié, Colls, M., Eyto, E., Doyle, B., Evtimova, V., Fenoglio, S., Freixa, A., Fuss, T., Gaffney, P., Gilbert, P., Gutmann Roberts, C., Herrero Ortega, S., Kenderov, L., Klaus, M., Lamonica, D., Machalett, B., Mor, J. R., Nydahl, A., Pegg, J., Piano, E., Pilotto, F., Romero, F., Romero Gonzalez Quijano, C., Rulik, M., Steinle, L., Thuile Bistarelli, L., Bodmer, P., UNIVERSITAT INNSBRUCK AUT, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), WASSERCLUSTER LUNZ LUNZ AM SEE AUT, Palacky University Olomouc, UNIVERSITY OF KOBLENZLANDAU LANDAU IN DER PFALZ DEU, CATALAN INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESEACH GIRONA ESP, RiverLy (UR Riverly), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), THE MARINE INSTITUTE NEWPORT IRL, DUNDALK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DUNDALK IRL, BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES SOFIA BGR, UNIVERSITA DEL PIEMONTE ORIENTALE ALESSANDRIA ITA, LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY AND INLAND FISHERIES BERLIN DEU, University of the Highlands and Islands (UHI), Bournemouth University [Poole] (BU), SOFIA UNIVERSITY ST KLIMENT OHRIDSKI BGR, UMEA UNIVERSITY SWE, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Uppsala University, SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE FOR AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY MAKHANDA ZAF, SENCKENBERG RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM FRANKFURT GELNHAUSEN DEU, and University of Basel (Unibas)
Subjects: EUROPE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Globally, streams and rivers emit a significant amount of methane, a highly potent greenhouse gas. However, little is known about stream sediment microbial communities, driving the net methane balance in these systems, especially on their distribution and composition at large spatial scales. Within the project Euro Methane we investigated the diversity and abundance of methanogenic archaea and methane-oxidizing bacteria across 16 European streams (from northern Spain to central Sweden) via 16S rRNA sequencing and qPCR. We determined environmental drivers of both abundance and community composition and explored the link to measured potential methane production and oxidation rates of the respective sediments. We found that the community composition of methane-oxidizing bacteria significantly differed among the studied streams, while methanogenic archaea were more homogeneously distributed. Beyond the overall diversity trends, indicator species for stream types were identified. Methanogenic Methanosaeta sp. and methane-oxidizing Methyloglobulus sp. increased with geographical latitude and dominated in headwater streams (orders 1-3) with high oxygen levels and high proportions of pristine land within the catchment, while methanogenic Methanomethylovorans sp. and methane-oxidizing Methylocaldum spp. were more common in larger streams (orders 4-6) with higher discharge and agricultural influence. Potential methane production rates significantly increased with abundance of methanogenic archaea, while potential methane oxidation rates did not show significant correlations with methane oxidizing bacteria, presumably due to the more diverse physiological capabilities of this microbial group. Our study represents a holistic large-scale biogeographical overview of two microbial groups to enhance our understanding of the methane cycle within a heretofore understudied ecosystem.
Published: 2019

23. Towards a global in situ monitoring of plankton using imaging systems: lessons learnt from the past 10 years of observation in Europe

Author: Stemmann, Lars, Romagnan, Jean-Baptiste, Lefebvre, Alain, Grégori, Gérald, Irisson, Jean-Olivier, Karlson, Bengt, Seppala, Jukka, Kraft, Kaisa, Lionel, Guidi, Artigas, Luis Felipe, Soviadan, Dodji, Wacquet, Guillaume, Möller, Klas Ove, Deneudt, Klaas, Claus, Simon, Lombard, Fabien, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ARGANS Limited, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aalto University, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Flanders Marine Institute, and VLIZ
Subjects: [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract: International audience; Plankton plays a key role in the biological pump and has a big impact on marine living resources. However, plankton is difficult to observe in a consistent manner across its extended size range and by the multiple observers that uses protocols that are not inter calibrated. Imaging sensors have the potential to provide key ``ecosystem essential ocean variables'' eEOVs (plankton biodiversity, morphological traits) that complement other sensors such as optical ones. Lab and in-situ imaging sensors have been deployed the 10 last years to provide insights into local dynamics in the frame of time series programs (from daily to decadal scales) and during oceanographic surveys across ocean basins. Combining observations from the different programmes has sometimes allowed to detect concomitant changes in different areas or provide a better spatial distribution of plankton communities. For example, such efforts were supported by the European FP7 JERICO, H2020 JERICO-NEXT, BRIDGES, EURO-BASIN programs. Most of the observation efforts were performed independently and hundreds of millions of images have been collected (and billions to come as sensors are getting more available). All those sparsely distributed images are usually not available for the users because of limited development in software solutions for identification, archiving and distribution, which are in a current improving process. Several attempts for developing web based services for image recognition, distribution and archiving have been performed (ecotaxa.obs-vlfr.fr) but only a fraction of the existing and future data can be treated by them. Based on the past ten years of effort, we will present a synthesis of successful developments in using imaging systems to provide information on plankton community at local, regional and ultimately global scales. These examples will show how relevant they are for ecosystem monitoring (e.g. detection of ecosystem changes and regime-shifts) and services (e.g. aquaculture, fisheries, biological carbon pump). We will then build on these examples to discuss future developments with the aim of, better observing, harmonizing practices and developing state of the art marine data and information management in order to increase the connection with the relevant stakeholders and community of users among researchers, conservation managers and private companies.
Published: 2019

24. Ecological and socioeconomic strategies to sustain Caribbean coral reefs in a high-CO 2 world

Author: Samir Maliki, Dwight K. Gledhill, Alexander A. Venn, Linwood Pendleton, Andreas J. Andersson, Marguerite S. Koch, Carrie Manfrino, Angelique Brathwaite, Sarah R. Cooley, Emma F. Camp, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], University of Queensland [Brisbane], University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ocean conservancy Washington, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Biological Sciences [Boca Raton], Florida Atlantic University [Boca Raton], Université de Tlemcen, Central Caribbean Marine Institute (CCMI), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Effects of global warming on oceans, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Caribbean region, Climate change, 14. Life underwater, Reef, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Caribbean, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Overfishing, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ocean acidification, fungi, technology, industry, and agriculture, Marine spatial planning, Coral reef, 15. Life on land, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, 13. Climate action, Restoration, Sustainability, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, population characteristics, Animal Science and Zoology, geographic locations
Abstract: International audience; The Caribbean and Western Atlantic region hosts one of the world’s most diverse geopolitical regions and a unique marine biota distinct from tropical seas in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. While this region varies in human population density, GDP and wealth, coral reefs, and their associated ecosystem services, are central to people’s livelihoods. Unfortunately, the region’s reefs have experienced extensive degradation over the last several decades. This degradation has been attributed to a combination of disease, overfishing, and multiple pressures from other human activities. Furthermore, the Caribbean region has experienced rapid ocean warming and acidification as a result of climate change that will continue and accelerate throughout the 21st century. It is evident that these changes will pose increasing threats to Caribbean reefs unless imminent actions are taken at the local, regional and global scale. Active management is required to sustain Caribbean reefs and increase their resilience to recover from acute stress events. Here, we propose local and regional solutions to halt and reverse Caribbean coral reef degradation under ongoing ocean warming and acidification. Because the Caribbean has already experienced high coral reef degradation, we suggest that this region may be suitable for more aggressive interventions that might not be suitable for other regions. Solutions with direct ecological benefits highlighted here build on existing knowledge of factors that can contribute to reef restoration and increased resilience in the Caribbean: (1) management of water quality, (2) reduction of unsustainable fishing practices, (3) application of ecological engineering, and (4) implementing marine spatial planning. Complementary socioeconomic and governance solutions include: (1) increasing communication and leveraging resources through the establishment of a regional reef secretariat, (2) incorporating reef health and sustainability goals into the blue economy plans for the region, and (3) initiating a reef labeling program to incentivize corporate partnerships for reef restoration and protection to sustain overall reef health in the region.
Published: 2019

25. Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF) – 62th Plenary Meeting Report (PLEN-19-03) (NB Report on Shark finning regulation)

Author: Ulrich, Clara, Catchpole, Thomas, Curtis, Hazel, Daskalov, Georgi, Doring, Ralf, Gascuel, Didier, Knittweis, Leyla, Lloret, Josep, Malvarosa, Loretta, Martín, Paloma, Motova, Arina, Murua, Hilario, Nord, Jenny, Prellezo, Raul, Raid, Tiit, Sabatella, Evelina, Sala, Antonello, Scarcella, Giuseppe, Soldo, Alen, Somarakis, Stylianos, Stransky, Christoph, Van Hoof, Luc, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Lowestoft] (CEFAS), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Thünen Institute, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Faculty of Science, Department of Biology (UNIVERSITY OF MALTA), University of Malta [Malta], INSTITUTE OF AQUATIC ECOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF GIRONA GIRONA ESP, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Fishery and Aquaculture Research Organisation (NISEA), CSIC Instituto de Ciencias del Mar, Sea Fish Industry Authority, Sea Fish Industry Authorit, AZTI - Tecnalia, The Swedish Agency of Marine and Water Management (SwAM), unidad des Investigacion Marina, AZTI, Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Split, HELLENIC CENTRE FOR MARINE RESEARCH INSITUTE OF MARINE BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES AND INLAND WATERS ATTICA, GRC, European Commission, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: Shark fisheries, Shark finning regulation, [SDV.SA.STP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of fishery, Fisheries, Shark conservation, European commission, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

26. Environmental influences of life history strategies in partial anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta, Salmonidae)

Author: Quentin Josset, Jan Grimsrud Davidsen, Russell Poole, Marie Nevoux, Johan Höjesjö, Lo Persson, Bror Jonsson, Bengt Finstad, Kim Aarestrup, Oula Tolvanen, Ross Finlay, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Department of Natural History, University Museum, Marine Institute, Direction de la Recherche, de l’Expertise et des données, Agence Française pour la Biodiversité (AFB), Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), The Water Protection Association of the River Vantaa and Helsinki Region, Department of Landscape Ecology, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Zoology and botany: 480 [VDP], charr salvelinus-alpinus, arctic charr, habitat, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, migration, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Life history theory, freshwater resident, lepeophtheirus-salmonis, sea-trout, Brown trout, nonanadromous oncorhynchus-mykiss, Aquaculture, sexual size, 14. Life underwater, Salmo, Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], dimorphism, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Salmonidae, Fish migration, biology, Reproductive success, Ecology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, wild atlantic salmon, sex ratio, biology.organism_classification, lice, Trout, fresh-water resident, alternative mating tactics, partial anadromy, climate-change, business
Abstract: This paper reviews the life history of brown trout and factors influencing decisions to migrate. Decisions that maximize fitness appear dependent on size at age. In partly anadromous populations, individuals that attain maturity at the parr stage typically become freshwater resident. For individual fish, the life history is not genetically fixed and can be modified by the previous growth history and energetic state in early life. This phenotypic plasticity may be influenced by epigenetic modifications of the genome. Thus, factors influencing survival and growth determine life‐history decisions. These are intra‐ and interspecific competition, feeding and shelter opportunities in freshwater and salt water, temperature in alternative habitats and flow conditions in running water. Male trout exhibit alternative mating strategies and can spawn as a subordinate sneaker or a dominant competitor. Females do not exhibit alternative mating behaviour. The relationship between growth, size and reproductive success differs between sexes in that females exhibit a higher tendency to migrate than males. Southern populations are sensitive to global warming. In addition, fisheries, aquaculture with increased spreading of salmon lice, introduction of new species, weirs and river regulation, poor water quality and coastal developments all threaten trout populations. The paper summarizes life‐history data from six populations across Europe and ends by presenting new research questions and directions for future research. freshwater resident, habitat, migration, partial anadromy, Salmonidae, sex ratio
Published: 2019

27. Working group on North Atlantic salmon (WGNAS)

Author: Ahlbeck-Bergendahl, Ida, April, Julien, Bardarson, Hlynur, Bolstad, Geir H., Bradbury, Ian, Buoro, Mathieu, Chaput, Gerald, Dauphin, Guillaume, Ensing, Dennis, Erkinaro, Jaakko, Fiske, Peter, Freese, Marko, Gillson, Jonathan, Gregory, Stephen, Hanson, Nora, Kelly, Nick, Maxwell, Hugo, Meerburg, David, Millane, Michael, Nygaard, Rasmus, Olmos, Maxime, Ounsley, James, Prusov, Sergey, Rivot, Etienne, Robertson, Martha, Russel, Ian, Sheehan, Tim, Utne, Kjell Rong, Walker, Alan, Wennevik, Vidar, Department of Aquatic Resources-SLU Aqua, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Service de la Faune Aquatique, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec, Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Ecologie Comportementale et Biologie des Populations de Poissons (ECOBIOP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Salmo and Trout Research Centre, The Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust, Marine Scotland Science, Marine Institute, Atlantic Salmon Federation, Inland Fisheries Ireland, Greenland Institute for Natural Resources (GINR), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Knipovich polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, NOAA Fisheries Service, Institute of Marine Research, Inconnu, Department of Aquatic Resources, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: salmo salar, atlantique nord, estimation des stocks, north atlantic, fishery management, salmon, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, atlantic, gestion des pêches
Published: 2019

28. Stable carbon isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) as a driving factor of aquatic plants organic matter build-up related to salinity

Author: Eugeniusz Pronin, Kaire Torn, Cornelia Rumpel, Marco Panettieri, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University (AMUP), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Plant Ecology and Environmental Conservation, University of Warsaw (UW), Department of Hydrobiology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 262060,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2010-1,EXPEER(2010), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Lignin phenols, Brackish estuary, Baltic Sea, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Decision Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Isotopic signature, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Aquatic plant, Dissolved organic carbon, Organic matter, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Stuckenia pectinata, Ecology, Brackish water, biology, Stable isotope ratio, fungi, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 6. Clean water, Salinity, Carbon isotopes geochemistry, Lakes, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry
Abstract: 10 pages; International audience; Stable isotopes probing is among the most used methods applied in the studies of paleoenvironment. Isotope signatures of sediments are influenced by different environmental conditions such as climate, salinity, and plant coverage at the time those sediments were deposited, representing an inestimable value for paleoenvironmental reconstruction and interpretation. In this study the carbon stable isotopic composition of organic matter (δ13CORG) and lignin monophenols (δ13CVSC) extracted from this organic matter of submerged vascular plant Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Böerner 1912 syn. Potamogeton pectinatus L 1753 was investigated. Samples were collected from five different environments along a gradient of salinity from brackish Baltic Sea and freshwater lake in Estonia. The salinity influenced δ13CDIC of ambient water, in the freshwater 13C depletion was observed compare to brackish sites. S. pectinata have an intraspecific variation of the carbon stable isotope signature of organic matter depending on the environmental conditions, samples were 13C enriched in the more brackish sites. Strong positive correlation between δ13CORG and C/N ratio for both leaves and stems were found. Lignin monophenols were 13C depleted if compared with bulk organic matter, reflecting a common biochemical pattern of C fixation during lignin synthesis as for terrestrial plants. To conclude, organic matter isotopic signature and lignin composition of aquatic plants responded to environmental salinity. The innovative combination of these analyses provides a more refined interpretation of δ13CORG recorded in sediment deposited in the zones colonized by those plants.
Published: 2019

29. Combining empirical indicators and expert knowledge for surveillance of data-limited sea trout stocks

Author: Quentin Josset, Patrick G. Gargan, Richard Kennedy, Ian C. Davidson, Samuel Shephard, Russell Poole, Alan Walker, Katarina Magnusson, Inland Fisheries Ireland, Unité d'Ecologie et Ecotoxicologie Aquatiques (UEEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agence Française pour la Biodiversité (AFB), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Natural Resources, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Fisheries Ecosystem Advisory Services, and Marine Institute
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, General Decision Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Sea trout, Salmo trutta, 14. Life underwater, Salmo, education, Relative species abundance, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Stock (geology), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Data limited, Fish migration, education.field_of_study, Fishers' knowledge, Ecology, biology, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Empirical measure, biology.organism_classification, Geography, Diadromous fish, Data-poor stock assessment, business, Size-based indicators
Abstract: International audience; Inland and diadromous fish stocks can support important ecological, social and cultural functions. However, many of these stocks are data-limited and do not have formal state assessments or management reference points. Empirical surveillance indicators of relative abundance and population size-structure may provide an accessible first-step for monitoring such stocks. These indicators could be informed and interpreted via expert knowledge of specific systems and stock histories. The current study focused on an international scientific working group that met in 2017-2019. The group collated long-term monitoring data for sea trout Salmo trutta from six salmonid 'index rivers' in France, Ireland, Wales, Northern Ireland and Sweden. Indicators were selected, and time series of abundance-and length-based metrics for each river were presented on a new visual indicator plot. Expert knowledge from each system was elicited through one-to-one interviews to provide a corresponding stock narrative, in which indicator trends reflected known historical pressure-state events. The accessible presentation of simple empirical indicators supports elicitation of local expert knowledge, and provides an accessible framework for surveillance and reference-direction assessment of data-limited sea trout stocks. This approach could be applied to inland or diadromous stocks where available data are restricted to estimates of relative abundance and size-structure.
Published: 2019

30. The Impact of Fisheries Discards on Scavengers in the Sea

Author: Telmo Morato, Michael R. Heath, Marie Savina-Rolland, Raphael Girardin, David G. Reid, Ambre Soszynski, Jordan P. Feekings, Jochen Depestele, Didier Gascuel, Pierre-Yves Hernvann, Robin Cook, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), DTU Aqua, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Marine Institute [Oranmore], University of Strathclyde, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques Manche Mer du nord, IFREMER Centre Manche Mer du Nord, (HMMN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre [Portugal] (MARE), Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida (ISPA), Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), University of Strathclyde [Glasgow], Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Uhlmann, S., Ulrich, C., and Kennely, S.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ecology (disciplines), Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Scavenger, fluids and secretions, QA273, Marine ecosystem, Carrion, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, SH, health care economics and organizations, Trophic level, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Food web models, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, food and beverages, social sciences, Discards, humanities, Fishery, [SDV.SA.STP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of fishery, Discard consumption, Scavengers, Food subsidies
Abstract: International audience; A scavenger is an animal that feeds on dead animals (carrion) that it has not killed itself. Fisheries discards are often seen as an important food source for marine scavengers so the reduction of discards due to the Landing Obligation may affect their populations. The literature on scavenging in marine ecosystems is considerable, due to its importance in the trophic ecology of many species. Although discards undoubtedly contribute to these species’ food sources, few can be seen to be solely dependent on carrion (including discards). Ecosystem models predicted that discards contributed very little to the diet of scavengers at a regional scale. A reduction in discards through the Landing Obligation may therefore affect populations for a few species in some areas, but generally this is unlikely to be the case. But it is challenging to identify how important discards might be to scavengers, as they are taxonomically diverse and vary in the role they play in scavenging interactions.
Published: 2019

31. The specificity of marine ecological indicators to fishing in the face of environmental change: A multi-model evaluation

Author: Caihong Fu, Miriana Sporcic, Jennifer E. Houle, Hervé Demarcq, Julia L. Blanchard, Ekin Akoglu, Alida Bundy, Yunne-Jai Shin, Lynne J. Shannon, Marta Coll, Baris Salihoglu, Johanna J. Heymans, Laure Velez, Elizabeth A. Fulton, UMR 212 EME 'écosystèmes marins exploités' (EME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Oceanografia Sperimentale (OGS), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies and Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Population Ecology Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, CISRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Centre for Marine Socio-ecology, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marine Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Ecologie des systèmes marins côtiers (Ecosym), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Foundation (South Africa), Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Department of Science and Technology (South Africa), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (UK), and Australian Government
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Environmental change, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Fishing, General Decision Sciences, Climate change, Marine ecosystem models, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Phytoplankton biomass, Signil-to-noise ratio, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Scenarios, Ecosystem, Indicator performance, 14. Life underwater, skin and connective tissue diseases, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem health, Ecology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, Ecosystem approach to fisheries, Ecological indicator, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Signal-to-noise ratio, Fisheries management, sense organs, Multi-model evaluation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract: Shin, Yunne-Jai ... et al.-- This is a contribution to the IndiSeas Working Group, co-funded by IOC-UNESCO and the Euromarine Consortium in 2015.-- 10 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, supplementary data https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.01.010, Ecological indicators are widely used to characterise ecosystem health. In the marine environment, indicators have been developed to assess the ecosystem effects of fishing to support an ecosystem approach to fisheries. However, very little work on the performance and robustness of ecological indicators has been carried out. An important aspect of robustness is that indicators should respond specifically to changes in the pressures they are designed to detect (e.g. fishing) rather than changes in other drivers (e.g. environment). We adopted a multi-model approach to compare and test the specificity of commonly used ecological indicators to capture fishing effects in the presence of environmental change and under different fishing strategies. We tested specificity in the presence of two types of environmental change: “random” representing interannual climate variability and “directional” representing climate change. We used phytoplankton biomass as a proxy of the environmental conditions, as this driver was comparable across all ecosystem models, then applied a signal-to-noise ratio analysis to test the specificity of indicators with random environmental change. For directional change, we used mean gradients to apportion the quantity of change in the indicators due to fishing and the environment. We found that depending on the fishing strategy and environmental change, ecological indicators could range from high to low specificity to fishing. As expected, the specificity of indicators to fishing almost always decreased as environmental variability increased. In 55–76% of the scenarios run with directional change in phytoplankton biomass across fishing strategies and ecosystem models, indicators were significantly more responsive to changes in fishing than to changes in phytoplankton biomass. This important result makes the tested ecological indicators good candidates to support fisheries management in a changing environment. Among the indicators, the catch over biomass ratio was most often the most specific indicator to fishing, whereas mean length was most often the most sensitive to change in phytoplankton biomass. However, the responses of indicators were highly variable depending on the ecosystem and fishing strategy under consideration. We therefore recommend that indicators should be tested in the particular ecosystem before they are used for monitoring and management purposes, L.J.S was supported through the South African Research Chair Initiative, funded through the South African Department of Science and Technology and administered by the South African National Research Foundation. J.E.H., L.V., and Y.J.S were funded by the EMIBIOS project (FRB Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité, contract n°APP-SCEN-2010-II). J.E.H. was supported by a Beaufort Marine Research Award carried out under the Sea Change Strategy and the Strategy for Science Technology and Innovation (2006–2013), with the support of the Marine Institute, funded under the Marine Research Sub-Programme of the Irish National Development Plan 2007–2013. L.J.S and Y.J.S. were funded by the European project MEECE (FP7, contract n°212085). M.C. was supported by a Marie Curie CIG grant to BIOWEB project and the Spanish Research Program Ramon y Cajal. Funding from CSIRO and the Australian Fisheries Research and Development Corporation on behalf of the Australian Government supported the development of Atlantis-SE. J.J.H was supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council and Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs under the project MERP: Grant No. NE/L003279/1, Marine Ecosystems Research Programme
Published: 2018

32. Geographic patterns of biodiversity in European coastal marine benthos

Author: Pim Van Avesaath, Puri Veiga, Maria Rousou, Martina Dal Bello, Christos Arvanitidis, Jennifer Coughlan, Caroline Louise Mcneill, Maria Luiza Pedrotti, Olja Vidjak, Jonne Kotta, Ohad Peleg, Serena Como, Matthew Frost, Pedro Ribeiro, Sławomira Gromisz, Jérôme Jourde, Emilia Jankowska, Fabienne Rigaut-Jalabert, Stefania Coppa, Tomas Ruginis, Helen Orav-Kotta, Jan Warzocha, Bartosz Witalis, Sander Wijnhoven, Nathalie Simon, Herman Hummel, Anda Ikauniece, Tasman P. Crowe, Jan Marcin Węsławski, Xabier Guinda, Sarah Faulwetter, Valentina de Matos, Natalia Bojanić, Isabel Sousa-Pinto, Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi, Free Espinosa, Jose Antonio Juanes De La Pena, Nicolas Lavesque, Paolo Magni, Christina Pavloudi, Teresa Silva, Guy Bachelet, Sanda Skejić, Francis Kerckhof, Loran Kleine-Schaars, Araceli Puente, Gil Rilov, Angel Pérez-Ruzafa, Steven Degraer, Jesús S. Troncoso, Jean-Charles Leclerc, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Management Unit of the Mathematical Model of the North Sea, Royal Belgian Insitute of Natural Sciences, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR), Department of Biology [Patras], University of Patras [Patras], Dipartimento di Biologia, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione [Pavia, Italia], Università degli Studi di Pavia, CNR Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Groupe de Physique des Solides (GPS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Coastal Biodiversity, Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Universidad de Murcia, University of Haifa [Haifa], Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), University of Patras, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione [Pavia, Italia] (DIII), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Biodiversity, Intertidal zone, Biology, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, European cline, Latitude, Benthos, benthos, biogeography, densities, harmonization of methods, latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), soft sediment, species diversity, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Species diversity, Sediment, Estuary, harmonisation of methods, laditudinal divrsity gradient, 15. Life on land, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Within the COST action EMBOS (European Marine Biodiversity Observatory System) the degree and variation of the diversity and densities of soft-bottom communities from the lower intertidal or the shallow subtidal was measured at 28 marine sites along the European coastline (Baltic, Atlantic, Mediterranean) using jointly agreed and harmonized protocols, tools and indicators. The hypothesis tested was that the diversity for all taxonomic groups would decrease with increasing latitude. The EMBOS system delivered accurate and comparable data on the diversity and densities of the soft sediment macrozoobenthic community over a large-scale gradient along the European coastline. In contrast to general biogeographic theory, species diversity showed no linear relationship with latitude, yet a bell-shaped relation was found. The diversity and densities of benthos were mostly positively correlated with environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, mud and organic matter content in sediment, or wave height, and related with location characteristics such as system type (lagoons, estuaries, open coast) or stratum (intertidal, subtidal). For some relationships, a maximum (e.g. temperature from 15–20°C; mud content of sediment around 40%) or bimodal curve (e.g. salinity) was found. In lagoons the densities were twice higher than in other locations, and at open coasts the diversity was much lower than in other locations. We conclude that latitudinal trends and regional differences in diversity and densities are strongly influenced by, i.e. merely the result of, particular sets and ranges of environmental factors and location characteristics specific to certain areas, such as the Baltic, with typical salinity clines (favouring insects) and the Mediterranean, with higher temperatures (favouring crustaceans). Therefore, eventual trends with latitude are primarily indirect and so can be overcome by local variation of environmental factors.
Published: 2017

33. Pathogens of brown algae: culture studies of Anisolpidium ectocarpii and A. rosenvingei reveal that the Anisolpidiales are uniflagellated oomycetes

Author: Pieter van West, Yacine Badis, Martina Strittmatter, Dieter G. Müller, Claire M. M. Gachon, Kyle Fletcher, Scottish Marine Institute, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins (LBI2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Anisolpidium ectocarpii, macromolecular substances, Plant Science, Ectocarpus, Aquatic Science, Biology, biology.organism_classification, 18S ribosomal RNA, Aquatic organisms, Brown algae, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Aquatic plant, Botany, Pylaiella, Pathogen
Abstract: Using laboratory cultures, we have documented the life cycle of Anisolpidium ectocarpii, a pathogen of Ectocarpus and other filamentous brown algae, and presented preliminary observations on Anisol...
Published: 2017

34. Beyond names: developing a names database and other applications for diatoms

Author: Kociolek, J. P., Balasubramanian, K., Blanco, Stéphane, Coste, Michel, Ector, L., Liu, Y., Kulikovskiy, M., Ludwig, T., Lundhom, N., Potapova, M., Rimet, Frédéric, Sabbe, K., Sala, S., Sar, E., Taylor, J., Van De Vijver, B., Wetzel, C. E., Williams, D. M., Witkowski, A., Witkowski, J., Vandepitte, L., Decock, W., Vanhoorne, B., Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (Faculty of Biology), University of Science-Vietnam National Universities, University of Colorado, University of Colorado [Boulder], Agharkar Research Institute (ARI), Universidad de León [León], Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Harbin Normal University, Partenaires INRAE, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Drexel University, Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Universidad Nacional de la Plata [Argentine] (UNLP), North West University, University of Antwerp (UA), Meise Botanic Garden, National History Museum, Agricultural University of Szczecin, Univ Szczecin, Dept Geol & Paleogeog, Mickiewicza 18, PL-70383 Szczecin, Poland, and Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: International audience; Names are an important reference for all aspects of Biology, Paleontology, Medicine and many other applications. Nomenclatural databases have been developed to document and identify names that have already been established, as well as when, where and by whom they have been proposed and published. There has been a long history of catalogues of names representing the great diversity of diatoms. Some of these catalogues were limited in coverage and impact, others have been more complete, widely distributed and widely cited. The catalogue of VanLandingham, as well as the Index Nominum Algarum and the New Species File at ANSP were collaboratively integrated into a single database and made available on line and presented by Fourtanier and Kociolek as the Catalogue of Diatom Names. In its first iteration, the Catalogue of Diatom Names contained 64,000 names derived from over 12,000 references. It debuted in – 103 – 2005, and in 2010 it was accessed by over 30,000 unique IP addresses and over 5,000,000 downloads. The database grew until 2011, but ceased to be updated since. A new collaboration between an international group of editors has been formed, and working with VLIZ to produce a new, reliable resource for diatom names called DiatomBase (http://www.DiatomBase.org). This project takes the Catalogue of Diatom Names and integrates with the VLIZ Aphia database structure with names from Algaebase, to create a resource for diatom nomenclature and information. DiatomBase will also support a number of nomenclatural and other informatics efforts, as well as bring together images of types and other curated images, as well as linking to other resources. The group of editors, 20 people from 14 countries, has enhanced the speed in which DiatomBase has been developed, and will be critical for the long-term sustainability of the project. DiatomBase will debut at the International Phycological Congress.
Published: 2017

35. Scales and dynamics of Submesoscale Coherent Vortices formed by deep convection in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea

Author: Anthony Bosse, Vincent Taillandier, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Loïc Houpert, Johannes Karstensen, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Laurent Mortier, Pierre Damien, Daniel J. Hayes, Pierre Testor, Louis Marie Prieur, Laurent Coppola, Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scotish Marine Institute, SAMS, Departamento de Oceanografia Fisica CICESE [Mexico], Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y de Education Superior de Ensenada [Mexico] (CICESE), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cyprus Oceanography Center, University of Cyprus [Nicosia] (UCY), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Fluides Géophysiques et Océanographie (FGO), Unité de Mécanique (UME), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris), ANR-10-EQPX-0040,NAOS,Observations de l'océan global pour l'étude et la prévision de l'océan et du climat: préparation de la nouvelle décennie d'Argo(2010), European Project: 284321,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2011-1,GROOM(2011), European Project: 287600,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-OCEAN-2011,PERSEUS(2012), European Project: 262584,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2010-1,JERICO(2011), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Cyprus (UCY), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Convection, Water mass, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mixed layer, and mixing processes, Eddies and mesoscale processes, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Submesoscale Coherent Vortices, Water masses, Mediterranean sea, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Mediterranean Sea, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, deep waters transport, geography.geographical_feature_category, Deep waters transport, 010505 oceanography, Turbulence, diffusion, Abyssal plain, Instruments and techniques, deep convection, Vortex, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Anticyclone, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Ocean observing systems, Geology, Deep convection
Abstract: International audience; Since 2010, an intense effort in the collection of in situ observations has been carried out in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea thanks to gliders, profiling floats, regular cruises, and mooring lines. This integrated observing system enabled a year-to-year monitoring of the deep waters formation that occurred in the Gulf of Lions area during four consecutive winters (2010-2013). Vortical structures remnant of wintertime deep vertical mixing events were regularly sampled by the different observing platforms. These are Submesoscale Coherent Vortices (SCVs) characterized by a small radius ($5-8 km), strong depth-intensified orbital velocities ($10-20 cm s 21) with often a weak surface signature, high Rossby ($0.5) and Burger numbers O(0.5-1). Anticyclones transport convected waters resulting from intermediate ($300 m) to deep ($2000 m) vertical mixing. Cyclones are characterized by a 500-1000 m thick layer of weakly stratified deep waters (or bottom waters that cascaded from the shelf of the Gulf of Lions in 2012) extending down to the bottom of the ocean at $2500 m. The formation of cyclonic eddies seems to be favored by bottomreaching convection occurring during the study period or cascading events reaching the abyssal plain. We confirm the prominent role of anticyclonic SCVs and shed light on the important role of cyclonic SCVs in the spreading of a significant amount ($30%) of the newly formed deep waters away from the winter mixing areas. Since they can survive until the following winter, they can potentially have a great impact on the mixed layer deepening through a local preconditioning effect.
Published: 2016

36. Sexual Dimorphism and the Evolution of Sex-Biased Gene Expression in the Brown Alga Ectocarpus

Author: Erwan Corre, J. Mark Cock, Akira F. Peters, Agnieszka P. Lipinska, Susana M. Coelho, Claire M. M. Gachon, Remy Luthringer, Alexandre Cormier, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins (LBI2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bezhin Rosko, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scottish Marine Institute, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Evolution of sexual reproduction, Haploidy, Phaeophyta, brown algae, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genome, UV sex chromosomes, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Duplication, Gene duplication, Genetics, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Selection, Genetic, sex-biased gene expression, Molecular Biology, Gene, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Gametophyte, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, biology, Sex-limited genes, Models, Genetic, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Ectocarpus, biology.organism_classification, Sexual dimorphism, haploid–diploid life cycle, Germ Cells, Plant
Abstract: International audience; Males and females often have marked phenotypic differences, and the expression of these dissimilarities invariably involves sex differences in gene expression. Sex-biased gene expression has been well characterized in animal species, where a high proportion of the genome may be differentially regulated in males and females during development. Male-biased genes tend to evolve more rapidly than female-biased genes, implying differences in the strength of the selective forces acting on the two sexes. Analyses of sex-biased gene expression have focused on organisms that exhibit separate sexes during the diploid phase of the life cycle (diploid sexual systems), but the genetic nature of the sexual system is expected to influence the evolutionary trajectories of sex-biased genes. We analyze here the patterns of sex-biased gene expression in Ectocarpus, a brown alga with haploid sex determination (dioicy) and a low level of phenotypic sexual dimorphism. In Ectocarpus, female-biased genes were found to be evolving as rapidly as male-biased genes. Moreover, genes expressed at fertility showed faster rates of evolution than genes expressed in immature gametophytes. Both male-and female-biased genes had a greater proportion of sites experiencing positive selection, suggesting that their accelerated evolution is at least partly driven by adaptive evolution. Gene duplication appears to have played a significant role in the generation of sex-biased genes in Ectocarpus, expanding previous models that propose this mechanism for the resolution of sexual antagonism in diploid systems. The patterns of sex-biased gene expression in Ectocarpus are consistent both with predicted characteristics of UV (haploid) sexual systems and with the distinctive aspects of this organism's reproductive biology.
Published: 2015

37. Embedding Atlantic salmon population dynamics and stock assessment within a hierarchical bayesian integrated life cycle modelling framework

Author: Etienne Rivot, Félix Massiot-Granier, Etienne Prévost, Chaput, G., Potter, T., Smith, G., White, J., Mantinyemi, S., Pulkkinen, H., Pakarinen, T., Romakkaniemi, A., Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecologie Comportementale et Biologie des Populations de Poissons (ECOBIOP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Marine Scotland Science, Marine Institute, Fisheries and Environmental Management Group, and Finnish game and fisheries research institute
Subjects: Biodiversity and Ecology, salmo salar, dynamique des populations, poisson, Biodiversité et Ecologie, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, modèle bayésien, modélisation
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2014

38. A simplified method to estimate body growth parameters of the European eel Anguilla anguilla

Author: Melia', PACO VASCO ALDO, Crivelli, A. J., Durif, C., Poole, R., Bevacqua, D., Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Centre de Recherche de la Tour du Valat (CRTV), Norwegian Institute of Marine Research, Marine Institute, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: somatic growth variation, FRESH-WATER ENVIRONMENTS, SEX-DIFFERENTIATION, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], length at age, growth curves, AGE, BRACKISH, SIZE, AUT, sexual dimorphism, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, LENGTH, OTOLITHS, GONAD
Abstract: International audience; A simple approach is proposed to fit a body growth model for the European eel Anguilla anguilla to data-poor case studies. The model is a modified von Bertalanffy curve allowing for delayed sex determination and sexual dimorphism. The proposed procedure provides preliminary estimates of model parameters on the basis of average age and body length of silver eels. (C) 2014 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles
Published: 2014

39. Trophic level-based indicators to track fishing impacts across marine ecosystems

Author: Chiara Piroddi, Didier Gascuel, Kristin M. Kleisner, Christopher P. Lynam, Yunne Shin, Alida Bundy, Johanna J. Heymans, Marta Coll, Jorge Tam, Lynne J. Shannon, Morgane Travers-Trolet, Marine Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, UMR 212 EME 'écosystèmes marins exploités' (EME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Spain & Ecopath International Initiative Research Association, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Population Ecology Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Water Resources Unit [Ispra], JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC)-European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Instituto del Mar del Peru (IMARPE), Fisheries Laboratory, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), South African Research Chair Initiative - South African Department of Science and Technology (DST), European Commission through the Marie Curie CIG grant, Defra [M1228], Spanish Research Program Ramon y Cajal, French project EMIBIOS (FRB) [APP-SCEN-2010-II], European collaborative project MEECE - Marine Ecosystem Evolution in a Changing Environment - (FP7) [212085], Fisheries and Oceans Canada SPERA project 'Ecosystem indicators for ecosystem monitoring at different scales', Conservation International, University of British Columbia, Pew Charitable Trusts, EU FP7 project DEVOTES [308392], and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biodiversity, ecosystem model, Trophic spectra, DIVERSITE SPECIFIQUE, trophic level, 01 natural sciences, global comparison, Ecosystem model, Survey, catch, Trophic level, METHODE D'ANALYSE, Ecology, Global comparison, Aquatic ecosystem, indicator, Environmental resource management, Food webs, NIVEAU TROPHIQUE, ecosystem approach to fisheries, INDICATEUR ECOLOGIQUE, convention on biological diversity, CONSEQUENCE ECOLOGIQUE, Fishing, Aquatic Science, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, trophic spectra, Convention on Biological Diversity, Marine ecosystem, Ecosystem, survey, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, business.industry, BIODIVERSITE, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, MODELISATION, Ecosystem approach to fisheries, Indicator, 13. Climate action, food webs, PECHE, Environmental science, Indicator value, business, Catch
Abstract: Shannon, Lynne ... et. al.-- Contribution to the Theme Section ‘Trophodynamics in marine ecology’.-- 26 pages, 4 figures, 8 tables, supplementary material https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10821, © Inter-Research and Fisheries and Oceans Canada 2014 Trophic level (TL)-based indicators have been widely used to examine fishing impacts in aquatic ecosystems and the induced biodiversity changes. However, much debate has ensued regarding discrepancies and challenges arising from the use of landings data from commercial fisheries to calculate TL indicators. Subsequent studies have started to examine survey-based and model-based indicators. In this paper, we undertake an extensive evaluation of a variety of TL indicators across 9 well-studied marine ecosystems by making use of model- as well as surveyand catch-based TL indicators. Using detailed regional information and data on fishing history, fishing intensity, and environmental conditions, we evaluate how well TL indicators are capturing fishing effects at the community level of marine ecosystems. Our results highlight that the differences observed between TL indicator values and trends is dependent on the data source and the TL cut-off point used in the calculations and is not attributable to an intrinsic problem with TLbased indicators. All 3 data sources provide useful information about the structural changes in the ecosystem as a result of fishing, but our results indicate that only model-based indicators represent fishing impacts at the whole ecosystem level, L.J.S. was supported through the South African Research Chair Initiative, funded through the South African Department of Science and Technology (DST) and administered by the South African National Research Foundation (NRF). M.C. was supported by the European Commission through the Marie Curie CIG grant to BIOWEB and the Spanish Research Program Ramon y Cajal. Y.J.S. and M.T. were supported by the French project EMIBIOS (FRB, contract no. APP-SCEN-2010-II). L.J.S. and Y.S. were also funded by the European collaborative project MEECE – Marine Ecosystem Evolution in a Changing Environment – (FP7, contract n°212085). A.B. was supported by Fisheries and Oceans Canada SPERA project ‘Ecosystem indicators for ecosystem monitoring at different scales’ (www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/science/ecosystem/ projects/detail-eng.asp?pid=21). K.K. was supported by Conservation International and the ‘Sea Around Us’ project, a collaboration between The University of British Columbia and The Pew Charitable Trusts. C.P.L. and C.P. were supported by the EU FP7 project DEVOTES (grant agreement no. 308392), www.devotes-project.eu. C.P.L. was also supported by Defra M1228. This is a contribution to the IndiSeas Working Group, endorsed by IOC-UNESCO (www.iocunesco.org) and the European Network of Excellence Euroceans (www.eur-oceans.eu).
Published: 2014

40. Embedding stock assessment within an integrated hierarchical Bayesian life cycle modelling framework : an application to Atlantic salmon in the Northeast Atlantic

Author: Ted Potter, Gérald Chaput, Félix Massiot-Granier, Samu Mäntyniemi, Jonathan White, Etienne Prévost, Etienne Rivot, Gordon W. Smith, Ecologie Comportementale et Biologie des Populations de Poissons (ECOBIOP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Weymouth] (CEFAS), Inchbraoch House, Marine Scotland, Fisheries Science Services, Marine Institute, Fisheries and Environmental Management Group, and The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007– 2013) under grant agreement No. 244706/ECOKNOWS project
Subjects: Stock assessment, north atlantic, post-smolt growth, complex of populations, hierarchical bayesian model, mixed stock fishery, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, survival, salar l, 14. Life underwater, stock assessment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, pre-fishery abundance, time-series, prefishery abundance, population-dynamics, integrated life cycle, northwest atlantic, Archaeology, Fishery, atlantic salmon, fisheries, climate-change, history variation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, measurement error
Abstract: We developed a hierarchical Bayesian integrated life cycle model for Atlantic salmon that improves on the stock assessment approach currently used by ICES and provides some interesting insights about the population dynamics of a stock assemblage. The model is applied to the salmon stocks in eastern Scotland. It assimilates a 40-year (1971–2010) time-series of data compiled by ICES, including the catches in the distant water fisheries at Faroes and West Greenland and estimates of returning fish abundance. Our model offers major improvements in terms of statistical methodology for A. salmon stock assessment. Uncertainty about inferences is readily quantified in the form of Bayesian posterior distributions for parameters and abundance at all life stages, and the model could be adapted to provide projections based on the uncertainty derived from the estimation phase. The approach offers flexibility to improve the ecological realism of the model. It allows the introduction of density dependence in the egg-to-smolt transition, which is not considered in the current ICES assessment method. The results show that this modifies the inferences on the temporal dynamics of the post-smolt marine survival. In particular, the overall decrease in the marine survival between 1971 and 2010 and the sharp decline around 1988–1990 are dampened when density dependence is considered. The return rates of smolts as two-sea-winter (2SW) fish has declined in a higher proportion than return rates as one-sea-winter (1SW) fish. Our results indicate that this can be explained either by an increase in the proportion maturing as 1SW fish or by an increase in the mortality rate at sea of 2SW fish, but the data used in our analyses do not allow the likelihood of these two hypotheses to be gauged.
Published: 2014

41. Basin-scale phenology and effects of climate variability on global timing of initial seaward migration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Author: Gregg E. Horton, Hans Lundqvist, A. E. Veselov, Russell Poole, Nina Jonsson, Brian Dempson, Jo Vegar Arnekleiv, Malcolm Taberner, John D. Armstrong, Theodore Castro-Santos, Geir Storvik, Kjell Leonardsson, Harald Sægrov, Jean-Luc Baglinière, Mélanie Dionne, Eero Niemelä, Pablo Caballero, Ger Rogan, Bror Jonsson, Steve Groom, I. C. Russell, Nils Arne Hvidsten, Ingi Runar Jonsson, Anders Lamberg, Arne Jensen, Benjamin H. Letcher, Jan Henning L’Abée-Lund, Jaakko Erkinaro, Jaime Otero, Sigurdur Gudjonsson, Thorolfur Antonsson, Fridthjofur Arnason, Tor F. Næsje, Julian C. MacLean, Erkki Jokikokko, Leif Asbjørn Vøllestad, Øystein Skaala, Gordon W. Smith, John F. Kocik, Nils Chr. Stenseth, Richard Kennedy, Simon McKelvey, Mary Dillane, Atso Romakkaniemi, Benjamin H. Taylor, Paul A. Music, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Norwegian Water and Energy Directorate, Silvio O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies SLU, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Mathematics [Oslo], Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Lowestoft] (CEFAS), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Direction de la Faune Aquatique, Ministère du Développement Durable, de l'Environnement, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec, Freshwater Laboratory Pitlochry, Marine Scotland, Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, University of Oulu, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Fisheries Ecosystem Advisory Services, Marine Institute, Marine Research Institute, Freshwater Laboratory Field Station, Bothnian Bay Fisheries Research Station, Section of Natural History, Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Agri Food and Biosciences Institute, Sección de Biodiversidade, Servizo de Conservación da Natureza de Pontevedra, Consellería de Medio Rural-Xunta de Galicia, Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Institute of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Vilt og fiskeinfo AS, Remote Sensing Group, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Cromarty Firth Fisheries Trust, Institute of Marine Research, Radgivende Biologer AS, Flødevigen Marine Research Station, Norwegian Research Council [183989/S30], Norwegian Water and Energy Directorate (NVE), Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Flødevigen Research Station (IMR), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), and Norwegian Research Council
Subjects: Chlorophyll, Atlantic salmon, Time Factors, Climate Change, Oceans and Seas, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Salmo salar, Climate change, smolt emigration, phenology, Rivers, sea surface temperature, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Salmo, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, Fish migration, Ecology, biology, freshwater conditions, Discharge, Phenology, Chlorophyll A, Temperature, North Atlantic, Seasonality, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Fishery, Sea surface temperature, Habitat, 13. Climate action, Animal Migration
Abstract: 15 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, Migrations between different habitats are key events in the lives of many organisms. Such movements involve annually recurring travel over long distances usually triggered by seasonal changes in the environment. Often, the migration is associated with travel to or from reproduction areas to regions of growth. Young anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) emigrate from freshwater nursery areas during spring and early summer to feed and grow in the North Atlantic Ocean. The transition from the freshwater ('parr') stage to the migratory stage where they descend streams and enter salt water ('smolt') is characterized by morphological, physiological and behavioural changes where the timing of this parr-smolt transition is cued by photoperiod and water temperature. Environmental conditions in the freshwater habitat control the downstream migration and contribute to within- and among-river variation in migratory timing. Moreover, the timing of the freshwater emigration has likely evolved to meet environmental conditions in the ocean as these affect growth and survival of the post-smolts. Using generalized additive mixed-effects modelling, we analysed spatio-temporal variations in the dates of downstream smolt migration in 67 rivers throughout the North Atlantic during the last five decades and found that migrations were earlier in populations in the east than the west. After accounting for this spatial effect, the initiation of the downstream migration among rivers was positively associated with freshwater temperatures, up to about 10 °C and levelling off at higher values, and with sea-surface temperatures. Earlier migration occurred when river discharge levels were low but increasing. On average, the initiation of the smolt seaward migration has occurred 2.5 days earlier per decade throughout the basin of the North Atlantic. This shift in phenology matches changes in air, river, and ocean temperatures, suggesting that Atlantic salmon emigration is responding to the current global climate changes., This study is part of the Norwegian Research Council project nº 183989/S30. J.O. acknowledges additional funding from Norwegian Water and Energy Directorate (NVE).
Published: 2014

42. Demographic response of Atlantic salmon populations to multiple stressors : a Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach at broad ocean scale

Author: Massiot-Granier, Félix, Prévost, Etienne, Chaput, Gerald, Smith, Gordon, White, Jonathan, Potter, Ted, Rivot, Etienne, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecologie Comportementale et Biologie des Populations de Poissons (ECOBIOP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), FRS FL Field Station, Marine Scotland, Marine Institute, Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Weymouth] (CEFAS), and International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). DNK.
Subjects: changement climatique, Biodiversité et Ecologie, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, analyse demographique, modèle bayésien, Biodiversity and Ecology, salmo salar, scale, climate change, atlantic salmon, bayesian hierarchical model, life cycle, cycle de vie, réponse au stress, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Milieux et Changements globaux
Abstract: Résumé; International audience
Published: 2013

43. Réponse démographique des populations de saumon atlantique à de multiples facteurs de pression : une approche par modélisation hiérarchique Bayésienne à l'échelle de son aire de distribution

Author: Massiot-Granier, Félix, Prévost, Etienne, Chaput, G., Smith, G., White, J., Potter, T., Rivot, Etienne, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecologie Comportementale et Biologie des Populations de Poissons (ECOBIOP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), FRS FL Field Station, Marine Scotland, Marine Institute, Lowestoft Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Weymouth] (CEFAS), and Association Française d'Halieutique (AFH). FRA.
Subjects: démographie de population, Biodiversité et Ecologie, pression anthropique, modèle bayésien, Biodiversity and Ecology, salmo salar, écosystème aquatique, survie, poisson, modèle hiérarchique, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, écologie des populations, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, modélisation
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2013

44. Genome sequence reveals that Pseudomonas fluorescens F113 possesses a large and diverse array of systems for rhizosphere function and host interaction

Author: Rafael Rivilla, Matthieu Barret, Miguel Redondo-Nieto, John P. Morrissey, David N. Dowling, Fergal O'Gara, Kieran J. Germaine, Marta Martín, Emma Barahona, Francisco Martínez-Granero, Candela Muriel, Jennifer A. Moynihan, María Sánchez-Contreras, Ana Navazo, Departamento de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), University College Cork (UCC), Institute of Technology Carlow, European Project: 256596,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG,MEXT REGULATION(2010), Research at UAM was funded by grants MICROAMBIENTE-CM (to R.R.), BIO2009-08254 (to M.M.), and Marie Curie MIGENOF113 (to M.S.-C. and R.R.). This research was supported in parts by grants awarded to FOG by the Science Foundation of Ireland (07IN.1/B948, 08/RFP/GEN1295, 08/RFP/ GEN1319, SFI09/RFP/BMT2350), the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (RSF grants 06–321 and 06–377, FIRM grants 06RDC459 06RDC506 and 08RDC629), the European Commission (MTKD-CT-2006-042062, Marie Curie TOK:TRAMWAYS, EU256596, MicroB3-287589-OCEAN2012, MACUMBA-CP-TP 311975, PharmaSea-CP-TP 312184), IRCSET (05/EDIV/FP107/INTERPAM, EMBARK), the Marine Institute Beaufort award (C&CRA 2007/082), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 2006-PhD-S-21, EPA 2008-PhD-S-2) and the HRB (RP/2006/271, RP/2007/290, HRA/2009/146). The Lab of KG & DD was in part funded by an SFI Tida award and the Department of Education TSR III Agribiotics project. The authors would like to acknowledge the Centro de Computación Científica at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and the Boole Centre for Research in Informatics at University College Cork for providing access to computational facilities., UAM. Departamento de Biología, and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)
Subjects: Prophages, Genetic code, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Denitrification pathway, Bacterial strain, Gene sequence, Genome, flagellar gene, Phylogeny, Plant growth, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Rhizosphere, biology, Chemotaxis, Competitive colonization ability, Genomics, Plants, Biología y Biomedicina / Biología, Adaptation, Physiological, enviroCORE - IT Carlow, abietic acid, core genome, Pseudomonas brassicacearum, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Host pathogen interaction, polar flagellum, Research Article, Biotechnology, lcsh:QH426-470, lcsh:Biotechnology, Plant Development, Rhizobacterium, fluorescens group, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacterial genome, Azospirillum brasilense, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Evolutionary history, Bacterial Proteins, VI secretion system, Pseudomonas, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, Animals, Gene, Prophage, 030304 developmental biology, Whole genome sequencing, 030306 microbiology, Pseudomonas fluorescens F113, biology.organism_classification, Nonhuman, III secretion, lcsh:Genetics, Streptomyces rochei, Genome, Bacterial, Maximum likelihood, Sinorhizobium meliloti
Abstract: Redondo-Nieto et al.: Genome sequence reveals that Pseudomonas fluorescens F113 possesses a large and diverse array of systems for rhizosphere function and host interaction. BMC Genomics 2013 14:54.The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/14/54, Background: Pseudomonas fluorescens F113 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) isolated from the sugar-beet rhizosphere. This bacterium has been extensively studied as a model strain for genetic regulation of secondary metabolite production in P. fluorescens, as a candidate biocontrol agent against phytopathogens, and as a heterologous host for expression of genes with biotechnological application. The F113 genome sequence and annotation has been recently reported.Results: Comparative analysis of 50 genome sequences of strains belonging to the P. fluorescens group has revealed the existence of five distinct subgroups. F113 belongs to subgroup I, which is mostly composed of strains classified as P. brassicacearum. The core genome of these five strains is highly conserved and represents approximately 76% of the protein-coding genes in any given genome. Despite this strong conservation, F113 also contains a large number of unique protein-coding genes that encode traits potentially involved in the rhizocompetence of this strain. These features include protein coding genes required for denitrification, diterpenoids catabolism, motility and chemotaxis, protein secretion and production of antimicrobial compounds and insect toxins.Conclusions: The genome of P. fluorescens F113 is composed of numerous protein-coding genes, not usually found together in previously sequenced genomes, which are potentially decisive during the colonisation of the rhizosphere and/or interaction with other soil organisms. This includes genes encoding proteins involved in the production of a second flagellar apparatus, the use of abietic acid as a growth substrate, the complete denitrification pathway, the possible production of a macrolide antibiotic and the assembly of multiple protein secretion systems, This research was supported in parts by grants awarded to FOG by the Science Foundation of Ireland (07IN.1/B948, 08/RFP/GEN1295, 08/RFP/GEN1319, SFI09/RFP/BMT2350); the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (RSF grants 06–321 and 06–377; FIRM grants 06RDC459 06RDC506 and 08RDC629); the European Commission (MTKD-CT-2006-042062, Marie Curie TOK:TRAMWAYS, EU256596, MicroB3-287589-OCEAN2012, MACUMBA-CP-TP 311975; PharmaSea-CP-TP 312184); IRCSET (05/EDIV/FP107/INTERPAM, EMBARK), the Marine Institute Beaufort award (C&CRA 2007/082), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 2006-PhD-S-21, EPA 2008-PhD-S-2) and the HRB (RP/2006/271, RP/2007/290, HRA/2009/146). The Lab of KG & DD was in part funded by an SFI Tida award and the Department of Education TSR III Agribiotics project.
Published: 2013

45. Collaborative study for the detection of toxic compounds in shellfish extracts using cell-based assays. Part I: screening strategy and pre-validation study with lipophilic marine toxins

Author: Cécile Bernard, Rachelle Lanceleur, Marc Troussellier, Sophie Krys, Christophe Furger, Valérie Fessard, Elie Augier, Bénédicte Morin, Sahima Hamlaoui, Ronel Biré, Serge Moukha, Anne-Laure Sérandour, Sylvain Derick, Aurélie Ledreux, Unité de Toxicologie des Contaminants, Laboratoire de Fougères - ANSES, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-Organismes (MCAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Unité de recherche Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments (MycSA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biotoxin Chemistry, Marine Institute, Laboratoire d'Études Rurales (LER), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Isara, Ecosystèmes et Interactions Toxiques, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), General Directorate for food (Ministry of Agriculture), General Directorate for health (Ministry of Labor, Employment and Health), Directorate for Sea Fisheries & Aquaculture (Ministry of Agriculture), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MycSA, and Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)
Subjects: [SDV.TOX.TCA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Toxicology and food chain, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Microbiology, Toxicology, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Bioassay, 14. Life underwater, Cytotoxicity, Shellfish, Pre validation, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Toxin, 010401 analytical chemistry, toxicologie, Cell based assays, détection, 0104 chemical sciences, toxine, coquillages, Toxicity, Marine toxin
Abstract: Human poisoning due to consumption of seafood contaminated with phycotoxins is a worldwide problem, and routine monitoring programs have been implemented in various countries to protect human consumers. Following successive episodes of unexplained shellfish toxicity since 2005 in the Arcachon Bay on the French Atlantic coast, a national research program was set up to investigate these atypical toxic events. Part of this program was devoted to fit-for-purpose cell-based assays (CBA) as complementary tools to collect toxicity data on atypical positive-mouse bioassay shellfish extracts. A collaborative study involving five laboratories was conducted. The responses of human hepatic (HepG2), human intestinal (Caco2), and mouse neuronal (Neuro2a) cell lines exposed to three known lipophilic phycotoxins-okadaic acid (OA), azaspiracid-1 (AZA1), and pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2)-were investigated. A screening strategy composed of standard operating procedures and a decision tree for dose-response modeling and assay validation were designed after a round of "trial-and-error" process. For each toxin, the shape of the concentration-response curves and the IC(50) values were determined on the three cell lines. Whereas OA induced a similar response irrespective of the cell line (complete sigmoid), PTX2 was shown to be less toxic. AZA1 induced cytotoxicity only on HepG2 and Neuro2a, but not on Caco2. Intra- and inter-laboratory coefficients of variation of cell responses were large, with mean values ranging from 35 to 54 % and from 37 to 48 %, respectively. Investigating the responses of the selected cell lines to well-known toxins is the first step supporting the use of CBA among the panel of methods for characterizing atypical shellfish toxicity. Considering these successful results, the CBA strategy will be further applied to extracts of negative, spiked, and naturally contaminated shellfish tissues.
Published: 2012

46. Collaborative study for the detection of toxic compounds in shellfish extracts using cell-based assays. Part II: application to shellfish extracts spiked with lipophilic marine toxins

Author: Anne-Laure Sérandour, Rachelle Lanceleur, Sophie Krys, Valérie Fessard, Sahima Hamlaoui, Christophe Furger, Aurélie Ledreux, Sylvain Derick, Bénédicte Morin, Ronel Biré, Marc Troussellier, Cécile Bernard, Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-Organismes (MCAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de Toxicologie des Contaminants, Laboratoire de Fougères - ANSES, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Biotoxin Chemistry, Marine Institute, Laboratoire d'Études Rurales (LER), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Isara, Ecosystèmes et Interactions Toxiques, and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Fractionation, [SDV.TOX.TCA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Toxicology and food chain, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Inhibitory Concentration 50, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Animals, Humans, 14. Life underwater, Cooperative Behavior, Cytotoxicity, Shellfish, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Toxicity data, Chromatography, 010401 analytical chemistry, Reproducibility of Results, Okadaic acid, Cell based assays, 0104 chemical sciences, toxine, chemistry, coquillages, Toxicity, Marine Toxins, Marine toxin, détéection, Chromatography, Liquid, toxicology
Abstract: Successive unexplained shellfish toxicity events have been observed in Arcachon Bay (Atlantic coast, France) since 2005. The positive mouse bioassay (MBA) revealing atypical toxicity did not match the phytoplankton observations or the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) investigations used to detect some known lipophilic toxins in shellfish. The use of the three cell lines (Caco2, HepG2, and Neuro2a) allows detection of azaspiracid-1 (AZA1), okadaic acid (OA), or pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2). In this study, we proposed the cell-based assays (CBA) as complementary tools for collecting toxicity data about atypical positive MBA shellfish extracts and tracking their chromatographic fractionation in order to identify toxic compound(s). The present study was intended to investigate the responses of these cell lines to shellfish extracts, which were either control or spiked with AZA1, OA, or PTX2 used as positive controls. Digestive glands of control shellfish were extracted using the procedure of the standard MBA for lipophilic toxins and then tested for their cytotoxic effects in CBA. The same screening strategy previously used with pure lipophilic toxins was conducted for determining the intra- and inter-laboratory variabilities of the responses. Cytotoxicity was induced by control shellfish extracts whatever the cell line used and regardless of the geographical origin of the extracts. Even though the control shellfish extracts demonstrated some toxic effects on the selected cell lines, the extracts spiked with the selected lipophilic toxins were significantly more toxic than the control ones. This study is a crucial step for supporting that cell-based assays can contribute to the detection of the toxic compound(s) responsible for the atypical toxicity observed in Arcachon Bay, and which could also occur at other coastal areas.
Published: 2012

47. COLD-WATER Coral carbonate mounds as palaeo-archives : the Plio-Pleistocene sediment record from the Challenger Mound (NE Atlantic)

Author: Thierens, M., Pirlet, H., Dorschel, B., Huvenne, V.A.I., Titschack, J., Stuut, J.B., Colin, Christophe, Browning, E., Tyrrell, S., Lee, J., Loutre, M.F., Vanhaecke, F., Henriet, J.P., Wheeler, A.J., School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Cork] (BEES), University College Cork (UCC), Renard Centre of Marine Geology, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Flanders Marine Institute, VLIZ, Southampton Geology & Geophysics, National Oceanography Centre (NOC), Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Senckenberg am Meer, Abteilung für Meeresforschung, Marine Geology, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Interactions et dynamique des environnements de surface (IDES), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astronomie et de Géophysique Georges Lemaître (UCL-ASTR), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Dpt of Analytical Chemistry, and Gent University
Subjects: [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2012

48. Identification of marine fish egg predators using molecular probes

Author: Clive Fox, Delphine Lallias, Jeroen van der Kooij, Natasha Taylor, Sonia Pascoal, Marjorie Maillard, Martin I. Taylor, Aitor Albaina, Ewan Hunter, S. P. Milligan, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Bangor University, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), University of the Basque Country, and Fox, Clive J.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ecology, biology, Sprattus sprattus, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fungi, Sprat, Clupea, Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Whiting, Fishery, Poor cod, Merlangius merlangus, Herring, Trisopterus, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Mortality during the egg and larval stages is thought to play a major role in determining year-class strength of many marine fish. Predation of eggs and larvae is normally considered to be a major factor but the full suite of predators responsible has rarely been identified. Potential predators on a patch of plaice Pleuronectes platessa eggs located in the eastern Irish Sea were mapped using acoustics and sampled by trawl and a plankton multi-net. Gut contents of 3373 fish, crustacea and cephalopods sampled in the area were screened using a plaice-specific TaqMan DNA probe. Herring Clupea harengus and sprat Sprattus sprattus dominated trawl catches and showed high positive TaqMan responses (77 and 75% of individuals tested respectively). Locations of clupeid schools also broadly corresponded with the distribution of fish eggs in the plankton. Whiting Merlangius merlangus were also reasonably abundant in trawl hauls and 86% of their stomachs tested positive for plaice DNA. Species showing lower levels of positive TaqMan response included mackerel Scomber scombrus, poor cod Trisopterus minutus, squid Loligo spp., dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula and weever Trachinus vipera. Non-reactivity of all negative controls precluded the occurrence of cross-contamination, and positive reactions from demersal species, such as dogfish and weever, may have resulted from secondary predation. No benthic macro-crustaceans tested positive. Samples of planktonic organisms yielded 13% positive TaqMan reactions, mainly from clupeoid or sandeel (Ammodytidae) larvae, but also included some Malacostraca and Amphipoda. Use of the molecular approach allowed rapid screening of a large number of potential predators of plaice eggs, and the results provide a more holistic description of the predator community than has previously been achieved.
Published: 2012

49. One century of eel growth: changes and implications

Author: Daverat, Françoise, Beaulaton, Laurent, Poole, R., Lambert, Patrick, Wickström, H., Andersson, J., Aprahamian, Miran, Hizem, B., Elie, Pierre, Gumus, A., Ecosystèmes estuariens et poissons migrateurs amphihalins (UR EPBX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Agence Française pour la Biodiversité (AFB), MARINE INSTITUTE MAYO IRL, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), SWEDISH BOARD OF FISHERIES DROTTNINGHOLM SWE, SWEDISH BOARD OF FISHERIES FIGEHOLM SWE, ENVIRONMENT AGENCY NORTH WEST REGION WARRINGTON GBR, INSTM SALAMMBO TUN, and ONDOKUZMAYIS UNIVERSITY SAMSUN TUR
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; A cooperative effort gathered a large European length-at-age data set (N = 45,759, Lat. 36S–61N Long.10W–27E) for Anguilla anguilla, covering one century. To assess the effect of global warming during the last century and habitat effects on growth, a model was fitted on the data representing the conditions met at the distribution area scale. Two GLMs were designed to predict eel log(GR): one model was fitted to the whole data and the other was fitted to the female data subset. A model selection procedure was applied to select the best predictors among sex, age class, five temperature parameters and six habitat parameters (depth, salinity and four variables related to the position in the catchment). The yearly sum of temperatures above 13 °C (TempSUP13), the relative distance within the catchment, sex, age class, salinity class and depth class were finally selected. The best model predicted eel log(GR) with a 64.46% accuracy for the whole data and 66.91% for the female eel data. Growth rate (GR) was greater in habitats close to the sea and in deep habitats. TempSUP13 variable had one of the greatest predictive powers in the model, showing that global warming had affected eel growth during the last century.
Published: 2012

50. Combining Sounds to Reinvent the WorldWorld Music, Sociology, and Musical Analysis

Author: Kane, Frank, Arom, Simha, Martin, Denis-Constant, Sciences Po Institutional Repository, Spire, Michael Tenzer, John Roeder, Marine Institute [Ireland], Langues - Musiques - Sociétés (LMS - UMR8099), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie (EAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Les Afriques dans le monde (LAM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Bordeaux-Sciences Po Bordeaux - Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux (IEP Bordeaux)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), and Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI)
Subjects: [SHS.MUSIQ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Musicology and performing arts, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SHS.MUSIQ]Humanities and Social Sciences/Musicology and performing arts, [SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology
Abstract: The success of the expression “world music,” a commercial label coined during the 1980s to refer to certain types of music, provokes an inquiry into the conditions underlying its invention and success, and to question about how these types are brought together and how this music is made. An analysis of a limited corpus of pieces circulating under the genre “world music” leads to the building of a typology. This music does not correspond to any homogeneous form; it derives completely from a combination of pre-existing elements. This art of making combinations, whereby the imagination spreads its wings in the contemporary world, explores a changing world, arouses a feeling of exercising control over it and provides a means for escaping from it. “World music” thus turns out to be an instrument for construing a new, emergent world. Sociological and musicological approaches must be brought together to understand how this music operates and how imagining this new world works through music.
Published: 2012

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