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3 results on '"MERIDIANI-PLANUM"'

1. Mineralization and Preservation of an extremotolerant Bacterium Isolated from an Early Mars Analog Environment

Author

Gaboyer, F., Le Milbeau, C., Bohmeier, M., Schwendner, P., Vannier, P., Beblo-Vranesevic, K., Rabbow, E., Foucher, F., Gautret, P., Guégan, R., Richard, A., Sauldubois, A., Richmann, P., Perras, A. K., Moissl-Eichinger, C., Cockell, C. S., Rettberg, P., Marteinsson, Monaghan, E., Ehrenfreund, P., Garcia-Descalzo, L., Gomez, F., Malki, M., Amils, R., Cabezas, P., Walter, N., Westall, F., Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), DLR Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Köln] (DLR), UK Centre for Astrobiology, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh-University of Edinburgh, MATIS - Prokaria, Centre de Microscopie Electronique, Université d'Orléans (UO), Universität Regensburg (UR), BioTechMed-Graz, Graz University of Technology [Graz] (TU Graz)-Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche]-Medical University Graz, Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), European Science Foundation (ESF), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Graz University of Technology [Graz] (TU Graz)-Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz-Medical University Graz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), POTHIER, Nathalie, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), and Graz University of Technology [Graz] (TU Graz)-Medical University Graz-Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche]

Subjects
EXTREMOPHILIC ARCHAEA, Science, EXPERIMENTAL SILICIFICATION, MERIDIANI-PLANUM, Mars, BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE, Article, EXPERIMENTAL DIAGENESIS, [SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], Strahlenbiologie, RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], EXPERIMENTAL FOSSILIZATION, MASE project (Mars Analogue for Space Exploration), Medicine, ARCHEAN CHERTS, MOLECULAR PRESERVATION, ATACAMA DESERT
Abstract

International audience; The artificial mineralization of a polyresistant bacterial strain isolated from an acidic, oligotrophic lake was carried out to better understand microbial (i) early mineralization and (ii) potential for further fossilisation. Mineralization was conducted in mineral matrixes commonly found on Mars and Early-Earth, silica and gypsum, for 6 months. Samples were analyzed using microbiological (survival rates), morphological (electron microscopy), biochemical (GC-MS, Microarray immunoassay, Rock-Eval) and spectroscopic (EDX, FTIR, RAMAN spectroscopy) methods. We also investigated the impact of physiological status on mineralization and long-term fossilisation by exposing cells or not to Mars-related stresses (desiccation and radiation). Bacterial populations remained viable after 6 months although the kinetics of mineralization and cell-mineral interactions depended on the nature of minerals. Detection of biosignatures strongly depended on analytical methods, successful with FTIR and EDX but not with RAMAN and immunoassays. Neither influence of stress exposure, nor qualitative and quantitative changes of detected molecules were observed as a function of mineralization time and matrix. Rock-Eval analysis suggests that potential for preservation on geological times may be possible only with moderate diagenetic and metamorphic conditions. The implications of our results for microfossil preservation in the geological record of Earth as well as on Mars are discussed. Redrawing the history of early life on Earth requires being able to assess if microstructures present in the oldest terrestrial rocks are of biological origin or not. Such assessments are still very challenging mainly due to the degradation of microbial remains during diagenesis and to microbial-like morphologies abiotically produced. Several Archaean rocks could nevertheless be described as ancient unambiguous biological systems, representative of the early-Earth fossil record, like strata of South Africa and Australia containing evidence of phototrophic 1–6 and heterotrophic microbial. To better understand the processes leading to microfossil formation and preservation, artificial mineralization of microorganisms, also called fossilisation, was first undertaken by Oehler and Schopf with the silicification of

Published
2017

2. Mars Sedimentary Geology: Key Concepts and Outstanding Questions

Author

Dawn Y. Sumner, Gary Kocurek, G. G. Ori, Ralph E. Milliken, David Beaty, John P. Grotzinger, Sanjeev Gupta, Mitch Harris, Gilles Dromart, Scott M. McLennan, Joel A. Hurowitz, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Mars Program Office, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Science and Technology [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Chevron Energy Technology Company, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Science [Notre Dame] (CEEES), University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), International Research School of Planetary Sciences [Pescara] (IRSPS), Università degli studi 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara [Chieti-Pescara] (Ud'A), Department of geology, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, National Aeronautics and Space Administration : NASA, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)

Subjects
Meridiani Planum, Geologic Sediments, Extraterrestrial Environment, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, SPIRIT ROVER, LANDING SITE, Mars, BURNS FORMATION, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, DEPOSITS, 01 natural sciences, Sedimentary depositional environment, Paleontology, Martian surface, HISTORY, CLAY-MINERALS, Sedimentology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, MERIDIANI-PLANUM, Mars Exploration Program, RECORD, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), EVOLUTION, Basement (geology), Stratigraphy, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, BASIN EJECTA, Sedimentary rock, Evolution, Planetary, Geology
Abstract

Processes that operate at planetary surfaces have the potential to record a history of planetary evolution in the form of sedimentary rocks. This is important because our experience on Earth shows that sediments and sedimentary rocks are the dominant archive of high-resolution proxies of present and past tectonic, climatic, and biological processes. Our understanding of the evolution of Earth’s very ancient climate and paleobiological records derives from detailed examination of the mineralogical, textural, and geochemical signatures preserved in the sedimentary rock record. Sedimentary rocks were first recognized on Mars less than a decade ago (Malin and Edgett, 2000). Recent interpretations of data collected by the Mars Express and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft have confirmed the surprising abundance of these sedimentary rocks, the past role of water on the martian surface, and the similarity—in some cases—to sedimentary rocks formed on Earth. Thick sulfaterich deposits invite comparison to terrestrial evaporites (Grotzinger et al., 2005). In other cases, clay-rich strata are interpreted as the terminal deposits of source-to-sink systems with well-developed fluvial networks in the upper reaches of watersheds that date back to a much wetter period in Mars’ earliest history (Ehlmann et al., 2008; Metz et al., 2009). However, these Earth-like depositional systems contrast with other deposits that may be unique in the Solar System: for example, vast terrains as large as Earth’s continents covered by thick veneers of strata that may derive entirely from settling out of wind-transported dust (Bridges et al., 2010). Whatever their origin, it is now clear that the sedimentary rocks of Mars represent a new frontier for research. Mars science is in its golden era of exploration—the past decade of orbiter and landed missions has produced an extraordinary amount of new data relevant to the analysis of sediments and sedimentary rocks, and robust international programs exist for future missions. To help stimulate discussion of these data, the First International Conference on Mars Sedimentology and Stratigraphy was convened in El Paso, Texas, in April 2010. The contents of this white paper represent the most significant findings of the conference, with additional information provided by the coauthors, and focus on seven key questions for future investigation by the sedimentary geology community.

Published
2011

3. The Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C): a potential Rover Mission for 2018

Author

Michael H. Carr, Daniel P. Glavin, Barbara Sherwood Lollar, Alfred S. McEwen, Frances Westall, Thomas M. McCollom, Ariel D. Anbar, V. E. Hamilton, Carl Allen, Sushil K. Atreya, Abby Allwood, Lisa M. Pratt, D. W. Ming, John Parnell, K. E. Herkenhoff, John A. Grant, Scott M. McLennan, Ralph E. Milliken, Francois Poulet, Vicky Hipkin, Dave Des Marais, G. G. Ori, Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)

Subjects
Meridiani Planum, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, BARBERTON MOUNTAIN LAND, Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group, Context (language use), Sample (statistics), RAMAN CROSS-SECTIONS, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Martian surface, Range (aeronautics), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS, Executive summary, MAGNETIC-FIELD, MERIDIANI-PLANUM, WESTERN-AUSTRALIA, Mars Exploration Program, WARRAWOONA GROUP, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), SOUTH-AFRICA, Space and Planetary Science, ONVERWACHT GROUP, MARTIAN DUST STORMS
Abstract

International audience; Executive Summary This report documents the work of the Mid-Range Rover Science Analysis Group (MRR-SAG), which was assigned to formulate a concept for a potential rover mission that could be launched to Mars in 2018. Based on programmatic and engineering considerations as of April 2009, our deliberations assumed that the potential mission would use the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) sky-crane landing system and include a single solar-powered rover. The mission would also have a targeting accuracy of 7km (semimajor axis landing ellipse), a mobility range of at least 10km, and a lifetime on the martian surface of at least 1 Earth year. An additional key consideration, given recently declining budgets and cost growth issues with MSL, is that the proposed rover must have lower cost and cost risk than those of MSL--this is an essential consideration for the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG). The MRR-SAG was asked to formulate a mission concept that would address two general objectives: (1) conduct high-priority in situ science and (2) make concrete steps toward the potential return of samples to Earth. The proposed means of achieving these two goals while balancing the trade-offs between them are described here in detail. We propose the name Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C) to reflect the dual purpose of this potential 2018 rover mission. A key conclusion is that the capabilities needed to carry out compelling, breakthrough science at the martian surface are the same as those needed to select samples for potential sample return to document their context. This leads to a common rover concept with the following attributes

Published
2010

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