1. Protection of PC12 cells from cocaine-induced cell death by inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition
- Author
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Luc Barret, Frederic Lamarche, Eric Fontaine, Cécile Cottet-Rousselle, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics = Laboratoire de bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée (LBFA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), and MERT
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Programmed cell death ,animal structures ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Pharmacology ,Mitochondrion ,Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins ,PC12 Cells ,environment and public health ,Flow cytometry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Cocaine ,Cyclosporin a ,medicine ,Animals ,Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ,Cell Death ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore ,Chemistry ,Neurodegeneration ,Cell Biology ,PC12 ,medicine.disease ,Permeability transition pore ,Metformin ,Rats ,Mitochondria ,Cytosol ,enzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates) ,Cyclosporin A ,030104 developmental biology ,Mitochondrial permeability transition pore ,Biochemistry ,Cell culture - Abstract
International audience; Cocaine abuse induces brain injury and neurodegeneration by a mechanism that has not yet been fully elucidated. Mitochondria play a key role in cell death processes, notably through the opening of the permeability transition pore (PTP). In this work, we examined the involvement of the PTP in cocaine-induced toxicity in PC12 cell lines. We used two different PTP inhibitors -i.e. cyclosporin A (CsA) and metformin-to assess their ability to counteract the cocaine induced effects. We first observed that a 48 h exposure to cocaine strongly sensitized cells to calcium overload, as measured by the calcium retention capacity. CsA and metformin significantly decreased the cocaine-induced PTP opening sensitization. We next showed by confocal microscopy that cocaine induced a permanent PTP opening in intact living cells, a phenomenon characterized by the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential and the relocation of the NAD(P)H from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytosol. As expected, a cocaine-induced PTP opening was prevented by PTP inhibitors. Finally, a flow cytometry analysis revealed that cocaine induced cell death while CsA and metformin promoted cell survival. Our results demonstrate that cocaine induces PC12 cell death through a mechanism involving permanent PTP opening.
- Published
- 2017
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