Author: "Kashiwa A" / Publisher: hal ccsd - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Kashiwa A"' showing total 87 results

Start Over Author "Kashiwa A" Publisher hal ccsd

87 results on '"Kashiwa A"'

1. Observations of the Crab Nebula and Pulsar with the Large-Sized Telescope Prototype of the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author: Project, CTA-LST, Abe, H., Abe, K., Abe, S., Aguasca-Cabot, A., Agudo, I., Crespo, N. Alvarez, Antonelli, L. A., Aramo, C., Arbet-Engels, A., Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Aubert, P., Baktash, A., Bamba, A., Larriva, A. Baquero, Baroncelli, L., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batkovic, I., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M. I., Medrano, J. Bernete, Berti, A., Bhattacharjee, P., Biederbeck, N., Bigongiari, C., Bissaldi, E., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Borghese, A., Bulgarelli, A., Burelli, I., Buscemi, M., Cardillo, M., Caroff, S., Carosi, A., Cassol, F., Cauz, D., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Cheng, K., Chiavassa, A., Chikawa, M., Chytka, L., Cifuentes, A., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Costantini, H., D'Amico, G., Dalchenko, M., De Angelis, A., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, De Lotto, B., de Menezes, R., Deleglise, G., Delgado, C., Mengual, J. Delgado, della Volpe, D., Dellaiera, M., Depaoli, D., Di Piano, A., Di Pierro, F., Di Tria, R., Di Venere, L., Díaz, C., Dominik, R. M., Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsässer, D., Emery, G., Escudero, J., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Ferrara, G., Ferrarotto, F., Fiasson, A., Coromina, L. Freixas, Fröse, S., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., Garcia, E., López, R. Garcia, Gasbarra, C., Gasparrini, D., Geyer, F., Paiva, J. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giro, E., Gliwny, P., Godinovic, N., Grau, R., Green, D., Green, J., Gunji, S., Hackfeld, J., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hashiyama, K., Hassan, T., Hayashi, K., Heckmann, L., Heller, M., Llorente, J. Herrera, Hirotani, K., Hoffmann, D., Horns, D., Houles, J., Hrabovsky, M., Hrupec, D., Hui, D., Hütten, M., Iarlori, M., Imazawa, R., Inada, T., Inome, Y., Ioka, K., Iori, M., Ishio, K., Iwamura, Y., Jacquemont, M., Martinez, I. Jimenez, Jurysek, J., Kagaya, M., Karas, V., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kong, A., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lainez, M., Lamanna, G., Lamastra, A., Flour, T. Le, Linhoff, M., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Luque-Escamilla, P. L., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mandat, D., Manganaro, M., Manicò, G., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Marquez, P., Marsella, G., Martí, J., Martinez, O., Martínez, G., Martínez, M., Marusevec, P., Mas-Aguilar, A., Maurin, G., Mazin, D., Guillen, E. Mestre, Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Mizuno, T., Gonzalez, M. Molero, Molina, E., Montaruli, T., Monteiro, I., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Morselli, A., Mrakovcic, K., Murase, K., Nagai, A., Nagataki, S., Nakamori, T., Nickel, L., Nievas, M., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nosek, D., Nozaki, S., Ohishi, M., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Okazaki, N., Okumura, A., Orito, R., Otero-Santos, J., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Pantaleo, F. R., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pech, M., Pecimotika, M., Peresano, M., Pérez, A., Pietropaolo, E., Pirola, G., Plard, C., Podobnik, F., Poireau, V., Polo, M., Pons, E., Prandini, E., Prast, J., Principe, G., Priyadarshi, C., Prouza, M., Rando, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rizi, V., Fernandez, G. Rodriguez, Ruiz, J. E., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Sanchez, D. A., Šarić, T., Sato, Y., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schussler, F., Schweizer, T., Arroyo, M. Seglar, Silvia, R., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Spolon, A., Strišković, J., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Sunada, Y., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, M., Takata, J., Takeishi, R., Tam, P. H. T., Tanaka, S. J., Tateishi, D., Tejedor, L. A., Temnikov, P., Terada, Y., Terauchi, K., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Tluczykont, M., Tokanai, F., Torres, D. F., Travnicek, P., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Uhlrich, G., Vacula, M., Vallania, P., van Scherpenberg, J., Acosta, M. Vázquez, Verguilov, V., Viale, I., Vigliano, A., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Voutsinas, G., Vovk, I., Vuillaume, T., Walter, R., Will, M., Yamamoto, T., Yamazaki, R., Yoshida, T., Yoshikoshi, T., Zywucka, N., Bernloehr, K., Gueta, O., Kosack, K., Maier, G., Watson, J., Rijeka, University of, Physics, Department of, Rijeka, Croatia, Physics, Institute for Theoretical, Astrophysics, Würzburg, Universität, Nord, Campus Hubland, Würzburg, Germany, Physik, Institut für Theoretische, IV, Lehrstuhl, Plasma-Astroteilchenphysik, Bochum, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, La Sapienza, INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy, ILANCE, Laboratory, CNRS - University of Tokyo International Research, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan, Program, Physics, Science, Graduate School of Advanced, Engineering, University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Vergata, INFN Sezione di Roma Tor, Physics, Faculty of, Informatics, Applied, Lodz, University of, Lodz, Poland, Split, University of, FESB, Split, University, Yamagata, Yamagata, University, Tohoku, Institute, Astronomical, Aobaku, Sendai, Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of, Osijek, dell'Aquila, INFN Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche - Università degli Studi, Institute, Gran Sasso Science, L'Aquila, Oiwakecho, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto, Astronomy, Department of, Geneva, University of, Versoix, Switzerland, Sciences, Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of, Prague, Republic, Czech, Science, Faculty of, University, Ibaraki, Mito, Ibaraki, University, Waseda, Shinjuku, Tokyo, di Trieste, INFN Sezione, di Trieste, Università degli Studi, Trieste, INFN, di Siena, Università degli Studi, Fisiche, Dipartimento di Scienze, dell'Ambiente, della Terra e, di Fisica, Sezione, Siena, de Jaén, Escuela Politécnica Superior, de Jaén, Universidad, Lagunillas, Campus Las, Jaén, Spain, Physics, Saha Institute of Nuclear, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, India, Research, Institute for Nuclear, Energy, Nuclear, Sciences, Bulgarian Academy of, Sofia, Bulgaria, Sciences, FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of, Praha, di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica 'E. Segrè' Università degli Studi, Scienze, via delle, Palermo, de Electronica, Grupo, de Madrid, Universidad Complutense, Complutense, Av., Madrid, Physics, Department of Applied, Zagreb, University of, Zagreb, Center, Hiroshima Astrophysical Science, Higashi-Hiroshima, RIKEN, Physical, Institute of, Research, Chemical, Wako, Saitama, University, Charles, Particle, Institute of, Physics, Nuclear, Physics, Division of, Astronomy, Science, Graduate School of, University, Kyoto, Sakyo-ku, Research, Institute for Space-Earth Environmental, University, Nagoya, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Institute, Kobayashi-Maskawa, Particles, for the Origin of, Universe, the, Technology, Graduate School of, Industrial, Sciences, Social, University, Tokushima, Tokushima, Sciences, Department of Physical, University, Aoyama Gakuin, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, IRFU, CEA, Paris-Saclay, Université, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, University, Saitama, Sakura-ku, city, Saitama, di Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica - Universitá degli Studi, Torino, University, Konan, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan), Heidelberg, Zeuthen, Saclay, CEA, Merisiers, Orme des, France), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Département d'Astrophysique (ex SAP) (DAP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and CTA-LST Project
Subjects: Cherenkov Telescope Array, energy resolution, FOS: Physical sciences, GeV, gamma ray: energy spectrum, energy: threshold, muon, site, TeV, pulsar wind nebula, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], numerical calculations, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Monte Carlo, pulsar, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), trigger, sensitivity, optics, flux, observatory, gamma ray: VHE, angular resolution, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], statistical, performance, spectral energy distribution
Abstract: CTA (Cherenkov Telescope Array) is the next generation ground-based observatory for gamma-ray astronomy at very-high energies. The Large-Sized Telescope prototype (LST-1) is located at the Northern site of CTA, on the Canary Island of La Palma. LSTs are designed to provide optimal performance in the lowest part of the energy range covered by CTA, down to $\simeq 20$ GeV. LST-1 started performing astronomical observations in November 2019, during its commissioning phase, and it has been taking data since then. We present the first LST-1 observations of the Crab Nebula, the standard candle of very-high energy gamma-ray astronomy, and use them, together with simulations, to assess the basic performance parameters of the telescope. The data sample consists of around 36 hours of observations at low zenith angles collected between November 2020 and March 2022. LST-1 has reached the expected performance during its commissioning period - only a minor adjustment of the preexisting simulations was needed to match the telescope behavior. The energy threshold at trigger level is estimated to be around 20 GeV, rising to $\simeq 30$ GeV after data analysis. Performance parameters depend strongly on energy, and on the strength of the gamma-ray selection cuts in the analysis: angular resolution ranges from 0.12 to 0.40 degrees, and energy resolution from 15 to 50%. Flux sensitivity is around 1.1% of the Crab Nebula flux above 250 GeV for a 50-h observation (12% for 30 minutes). The spectral energy distribution (in the 0.03 - 30 TeV range) and the light curve obtained for the Crab Nebula agree with previous measurements, considering statistical and systematic uncertainties. A clear periodic signal is also detected from the pulsar at the center of the Nebula., Accepted in ApJ. v3: updated author list and acknowledgements, fixed typos and other minor issues
Published: 2023

2. JT-60SA superconducting magnet system

Author: A. Honda, M. Verrecchia, Frederic Michel, A. Cucchiaro, Valerio Tomarchio, J.L. Marechal, Kiyoshi Yoshida, Kaname Kizu, K. Shibanuma, Gian Mario Polli, S. Davis, Kazuya Takahata, N. Hajnal, Yoshihiko Koide, Guy Phillips, Kensaku Kamiya, L. Zani, Y. Kashiwa, M. Wanner, Yujiro Ikeda, K. Usui, E. Di Pietro, G. Disset, P. Decool, P. Barabaschi, Katsuhiko Tsuchiya, Reinhard Heller, Haruyuki Murakami, Yutaka Kamada, P. Rossi, L. Genini, Japan Atomic Energy Agency [Ibaraki] (JAEA), Fusion for Energy (F4E), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Associazone EURATOM ENEA sulla Fusione, EURATOM, Laboratoire de Réfrigération et ThermoHydraulique (LRTH ), Service des Basses Températures (SBT ), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Rossi, P., Polli, G. M., and Cucchiaro, A.
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, tokamak, superconducting magnet system, JT-60SA, Mechanical engineering, Solenoid, Superconducting magnet, Space (mathematics), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Nuclear magnetic resonance, uperconducting magnet system, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Pulse (physics), Electromagnetic coil, Casing
Abstract: International audience; The JT-60SA experiment is one of the three projects to be undertaken in Japan as part of the Broader Approach Agreement, conducted jointly by Europe and Japan, and complementing the construction of ITER in Europe. The superconducting magnet system for JT-60SA consists of 18 Toroidal Field (TF) coils, a Central Solenoid (CS) and six Equilibrium Field (EF) coils. The TF magnet generates the field to confine charged particles in the plasma, the CS provides the inductive flux to ramp up plasma current and contribute to plasma shaping and the EF coils provide the position equilibrium of plasma current and the plasma vertical stability. The six EF coils are attached to the TF coil cases through supports with flexible plates allowing radial displacements. The CS assembly is supported from the bottom of the TF coils through its pre-load structure. The design status of the JT-60SA superconducting magnetic system is reviewed.
Published: 2015

3. Intense decadal variation of Venus' 365-nm albedo and its impacts on the atmosphere

Author: Lee, Yeon Joo, Jessup, Kandis Lea, Perez-Hoyos, Santiago, Titov, Dmitrij V., Lebonnois, Sébastien, Peralta, Javier, Horinouchi, Takeshi, Imamura, Takeshi, Limaye, Sanjay S., Marcq, Emmanuel, Takagi, Masahiro, Yamazaki, Atsushi, Yamada, Manabu, Watanabe, Shigeto, Murakami, Shin-Ya, Ogohara, Kazunori, Mcclintock, William, Holsclaw, Greg, Roman, Anthony, University of Tokyo [Kashiwa Campus], Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] (SwRI), Departamento de Fisica Aplicada [Bilbao], Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Graduate School of Frontier Sciences [Kashiwa], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Space Science and Engineering Center [Madison] (SSEC), University of Wisconsin-Madison, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Kyoto Sangyo University, Planetary Exploration Research Center [Chiba] (PERC), Chiba Institute of Technology (CIT), Hokkaido Information University, University of Shiga Prefecture, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Space Telescope Science Institute (STSci), and Lebonnois, Sébastien
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

4. Self-consistent gyrokinetic modeling of neoclassical and turbulent impurity transport

Author: Clarisse Bourdelle, D. Esteve, C. Gillot, Virginie Grandgirard, S. Breton, Yanick Sarazin, Guilhem Dif-Pradalier, Yuuichi Asahi, C. Emeriau, C. Ehrlacher, Philippe Ghendrih, C. Passeron, P. Donnel, Guillaume Latu, Xavier Garbet, Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Japan Atomic Energy Agency [Ibaraki] (JAEA), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), European Project: 633053,H2020,EURATOM-Adhoc-2014-20,EUROfusion(2014), Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Wakashiba 178-4, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0871, Japan (JAEA), Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Wakashiba 178-4, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0871, Japan, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sarazin, Yanick, Implementation of activities described in the Roadmap to Fusion during Horizon 2020 through a Joint programme of the members of the EUROfusion consortium - EUROfusion - - H20202014-01-01 - 2018-12-31 - 633053 - VALID, and icard, valerie
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, media_common.quotation_subject, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, [PHYS] Physics [physics], 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Impurity, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Gyrokinetics, [PHYS.PHYS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics], gyrokinetic simulations, 010306 general physics, Helium, media_common, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, [PHYS.PHYS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics], Pfirsch–Schlüter regime, Turbulence, neoclassical transport, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, turbulent transport, impurity transport, chemistry, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Quantum electrodynamics, Pinch, Atomic physics, tokamaks
Abstract: International audience; Trace impurity transport is studied with the flux-driven gyrokinetic GYSELA code [V. Grandgirard et al., $Comp.\ Phys.\ Commun.$\ 207, 35 (2016)]. A reduced and linearized multi-species collision operator has been recently implemented, so that both neoclassical and turbulent transport channels can be treated self-consistently on an equal footing. In the Pfirsch-Schlüter regime likely relevant for tungsten, the standard expression of the neoclassical impurity flux is shown to be recovered from gyrokinetics with the employed collision operator. Purely neoclassical simulations of deuterium plasma with trace impurities of helium, carbon and tungsten lead to impurity diffusion coefficients, inward pinch velocities due to density peaking, and thermo-diffusion terms which quantitatively agree with neoclassical predictions and NEO simulations [E. Belli et al., $Plasma\ Phys.\ Control.\ Fusion$ 54, 015015 (2012)]. The thermal screening factor appears to be less than predicted analytically in the Pfirsch-Schlüter regime, which can be detrimental to fusion performance. Finally, self-consistent nonlinear simulations have revealed that the tungsten impurity flux is not the sum of turbulent and neoclassical fluxes computed separately, as usually assumed. The synergy mostly results from the turbulence-driven in-out poloidal asymmetry of tungsten density. This result puts forward the need for self-consistent simulations of impurity transport, i.e. including both turbulence and neoclassical physics, in view of quantitative predictions for ITER.
Published: 2018

5. Design and results of the ice sheet model initialisation experiments initMIP-Greenland: an ISMIP6 intercomparison

Author: Roderik S. W. van de Wal, Joseph H. Kennedy, Andy Aschwanden, Sophie Nowicki, Tamsin L. Edwards, Reinhard Calov, Jonathan M. Gregory, Ralf Greve, Helene Seroussi, Heiko Goelzer, Eric Larour, Andrew Shepherd, Nicholas R. Golledge, Angelika Humbert, Frank Pattyn, Sainan Sun, Martin Rückamp, Philippe Huybrechts, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Florian Ziemen, Victoria Lee, Nicole Schlegel, Matthew Beckley, Fuyuki Saito, Antony J. Payne, William H. Lipscomb, Olivier Gagliardini, Fabien Gillet-Chaulet, Mathieu Morlighem, Sébastien Le clec'h, Christian Rodehacke, Center for Climate System Research [Kashiwa] ( CCSR ), The University of Tokyo, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement ( LGGE ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), EDGe, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), University of California [Irvine] ( UCI ), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] ( ULB ), Laboratoire de mécanique des sols, structures et matériaux ( MSSMat ), CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] ( SEE ), University of Leeds, Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research [Utrecht] ( IMAU ), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Center for Climate System Research [Kashiwa] (CCSR), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire de mécanique des sols, structures et matériaux (MSSMat), CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research [Utrecht] (IMAU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), and University of California (UC)
Subjects: [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, F700, Greenland ice sheet, F800, Forcing (mathematics), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Article, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Glacier mass balance, Phase (matter), [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Cryosphere, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, Coupled model intercomparison project, geography.geographical_feature_category, Glacier and Ice Sheet Research, Ice-sheet model, Climate Action, Climatology, Ice sheet, Geology
Abstract: Earlier large-scale Greenland ice sheet sea-level projections (e.g. those run during the ice2sea and SeaRISE initiatives) have shown that ice sheet initial conditions have a large effect on the projections and give rise to important uncertainties. The goal of this initMIP-Greenland intercomparison exercise is to compare, evaluate, and improve the initialisation techniques used in the ice sheet modelling community and to estimate the associated uncertainties in modelled mass changes. initMIP-Greenland is the first in a series of ice sheet model intercomparison activities within ISMIP6 (the Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP6), which is the primary activity within the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) focusing on the ice sheets. Two experiments for the large-scale Greenland ice sheet have been designed to allow intercomparison between participating models of (1) the initial present-day state of the ice sheet and (2) the response in two idealised forward experiments. The forward experiments serve to evaluate the initialisation in terms of model drift (forward run without additional forcing) and in response to a large perturbation (prescribed surface mass balance anomaly); they should not be interpreted as sea-level projections. We present and discuss results that highlight the diversity of data sets, boundary conditions, and initialisation techniques used in the community to generate initial states of the Greenland ice sheet. We find good agreement across the ensemble for the dynamic response to surface mass balance changes in areas where the simulated ice sheets overlap but differences arising from the initial size of the ice sheet. The model drift in the control experiment is reduced for models that participated in earlier intercomparison exercises.
Published: 2018

6. The 2022 Magneto-Optics Roadmap

Author: Alexey Kimel, Anatoly Zvezdin, Sangeeta Sharma, Samuel Shallcross, Nuno de Sousa, Antonio García-Martín, Georgeta Salvan, Jaroslav Hamrle, Ondřej Stejskal, Jeffrey McCord, Silvia Tacchi, Giovanni Carlotti, Pietro Gambardella, Gian Salis, Markus Münzenberg, Martin Schultze, Vasily Temnov, Igor V Bychkov, Leonid N Kotov, Nicolò Maccaferri, Daria Ignatyeva, Vladimir Belotelov, Claire Donnelly, Aurelio Hierro Rodriguez, Iwao Matsuda, Thierry Ruchon, Mauro Fanciulli, Maurizio Sacchi, Chunhui Rita Du, Hailong Wang, N Peter Armitage, Mathias Schubert, Vanya Darakchieva, Bilu Liu, Ziyang Huang, Baofu Ding, Andreas Berger, Paolo Vavassori, Radboud University [Nijmegen], A. M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute (GPI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie (MBI), Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), IMN-Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain, Institute of Physics, University of Technology Chemnitz, Chemnitz University of Technology / Technische Universität Chemnitz, Institute of Physics of Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Institut für Materialwissenschaft Universität Kiel, Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Department of Materials [ETH Zürich] (D-MATL), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), IBM Research [Zurich], Institut für Physik [Greifswald], Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Graz University of Technology [Graz] (TU Graz), Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés (LSI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chelyabinsk State University, Syktyvkar State University, Syktywkar State University, Umeå University, Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg], Russian Quantum Center, Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids (CPfS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Departamento de Fisica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain, Universidad de Oviedo [Oviedo], Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Universidad de Oviedo [Oviedo]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan, Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (ex SPAM) (LIDyl), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Attophysique (ATTO), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (ex SPAM) (LIDyl), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux et des Surfaces (LPMS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Croissance et propriétés de systèmes hybrides en couches minces (INSP-E8), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), University of Nebraska–Lincoln, University of Nebraska System, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Lund University [Lund], Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Power Battery Safety and Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology [Shenzhen] (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), CIC NanoGUNE BRTA, Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, ANR-21-CE30-0037,HELIMAG,Dichroisme hélicoïdal de structures magnétiques(2021), Dutch Research Council, Russian Science Foundation, German Research Foundation, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Czech Science Foundation, Collaborative Research Centre CRC 1261 (Germany), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, National Centres of Competence in Research (Switzerland), Swiss National Science Foundation, European Commission, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg, Swedish Research Council, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Max Planck Society, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Université Paris-Saclay, Air Force Office of Scientific Research (US), National Science Foundation (US), Energy Frontier Research Centers (US), Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, Linköping University, and National Natural Science Foundation of China
Subjects: Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Correlated Materials, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics, theoretical description and modelling, magnetic characterization methods, magneto-optical effects, Condensed Matter Physics, magneto-optics, magnetic materials, modern experimental methods, magnetic microscopy, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Atom- och molekylfysik och optik, Den kondenserade materiens fysik
Abstract: Magneto-optical (MO) effects, viz. magnetically induced changes in light intensity or polarization upon reflection from or transmission through a magnetic sample, were discovered over a century and a half ago. Initially they played a crucially relevant role in unveiling the fundamentals of electromagnetism and quantum mechanics. A more broad-based relevance and wide-spread use of MO methods, however, remained quite limited until the 1960s due to a lack of suitable, reliable and easy-to-operate light sources. The advent of Laser technology and the availability of other novel light sources led to an enormous expansion of MO measurement techniques and applications that continues to this day (see section 1). The here-assembled roadmap article is intended to provide a meaningful survey over many of the most relevant recent developments, advances, and emerging research directions in a rather condensed form, so that readers can easily access a significant overview about this very dynamic research field. While light source technology and other experimental developments were crucial in the establishment of today's magneto-optics, progress also relies on an ever-increasing theoretical understanding of MO effects from a quantum mechanical perspective (see section 2), as well as using electromagnetic theory and modelling approaches (see section 3) to enable quantitatively reliable predictions for ever more complex materials, metamaterials, and device geometries. The latest advances in established MO methodologies and especially the utilization of the MO Kerr effect (MOKE) are presented in sections 4 (MOKE spectroscopy), 5 (higher order MOKE effects), 6 (MOKE microscopy), 8 (high sensitivity MOKE), 9 (generalized MO ellipsometry), and 20 (Cotton-Mouton effect in two-dimensional materials). In addition, MO effects are now being investigated and utilized in spectral ranges, to which they originally seemed completely foreign, as those of synchrotron radiation x-rays (see section 14 on three-dimensional magnetic characterization and section 16 on light beams carrying orbital angular momentum) and, very recently, the terahertz (THz) regime (see section 18 on THz MOKE and section 19 on THz ellipsometry for electron paramagnetic resonance detection). Magneto-optics also demonstrates its strength in a unique way when combined with femtosecond laser pulses (see section 10 on ultrafast MOKE and section 15 on magneto-optics using x-ray free electron lasers), facilitating the very active field of time-resolved MO spectroscopy that enables investigations of phenomena like spin relaxation of non-equilibrium photoexcited carriers, transient modifications of ferromagnetic order, and photo-induced dynamic phase transitions, to name a few. Recent progress in nanoscience and nanotechnology, which is intimately linked to the achieved impressive ability to reliably fabricate materials and functional structures at the nanoscale, now enables the exploitation of strongly enhanced MO effects induced by light-matter interaction at the nanoscale (see section 12 on magnetoplasmonics and section 13 on MO metasurfaces). MO effects are also at the very heart of powerful magnetic characterization techniques like Brillouin light scattering and time-resolved pump-probe measurements for the study of spin waves (see section 7), their interactions with acoustic waves (see section 11), and ultra-sensitive magnetic field sensing applications based on nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond (see section 17)., Despite our best attempt to represent the field of magneto-optics accurately and do justice to all its novel developments and its diversity, the research area is so extensive and active that there remains great latitude in deciding what to include in an article of this sort, which in turn means that some areas might not be adequately represented here. However, we feel that the 20 sections that form this 2022 magneto-optics roadmap article, each written by experts in the field and addressing a specific subject on only two pages, provide an accurate snapshot of where this research field stands today. Correspondingly, it should act as a valuable reference point and guideline for emerging research directions in modern magneto-optics, as well as illustrate the directions this research field might take in the foreseeable future., Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 55 (46), ISSN:0022-3727, ISSN:1361-6463
Published: 2022

7. Simulation of Arctic sea ice within the DeepMIP Eocene ensemble: Thresholds, seasonality and factors controlling sea ice development

Author: Igor Niezgodzki, Gregor Knorr, Gerrit Lohmann, Daniel J. Lunt, Christopher J. Poulsen, Sebastian Steinig, Jiang Zhu, Agatha de Boer, Wing-Le Chan, Yannick Donnadieu, David K. Hutchinson, Jean-Baptiste Ladant, Polina Morozova, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), School of Geographical Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Department of Geological Sciences [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Climate Change Research Centre [Sydney] (CCRC), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Geography of RAS, and Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Early Eocene, Arctic Ocean, Sea ice, Oceanography, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Model intercomparison, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Earth system model
Abstract: International audience; The early Eocene greenhouse climate maintained by high atmospheric CO2 concentrations serves as a testbed for future climate changes dominated by increasing CO2 forcing. In particular, the early Eocene Arctic region is important in the context of future CO2 driven climate warming in the northern polar region and associated shrinking Arctic sea ice. Here, we present early Eocene Arctic sea ice simulations carried out by six coupled climate models within the framework of the Deep-Time Model Intercomparison Project (DeepMIP). We find differences in sea ice responses to CO2 changes across the ensemble and compare the results with available proxy-based sea ice reconstructions from the Arctic Ocean. Most of the models simulate seasonal sea ice presence at high CO2 levels (≥ 840 ppmv = 3× pre-industrial (PI) level of 280 ppmv). However, the threshold when sea ice permanently disappears from the ocean varies considerably between the models (from 1680 ppmv). Based on a one-dimensional energy balance model analysis we find that the greenhouse effect likely caused by increased atmospheric water vapor concentration plays an important role in the inter-model spread in Arctic winter surface temperature changes in response to a CO2 rise from 1× to 3× the PI level. Furthermore, differences in simulated surface salinity in the Arctic Ocean play an important role in the control of local sea ice formation. These differences result from different implementations of river run-off between the models, but also from differences in the exchange of waters between a brackish Arctic and a more saline North Atlantic Ocean that are controlled by the width of the gateway between both basins. As there is no geological evidence for Arctic sea ice in the early Eocene, its presence in most of the simulations with 3× PI CO2 level indicates either a higher CO2 level and/or an overly weak polar sensitivity in these models.
Published: 2022

8. Early Eocene Ocean meridional overturning circulation: The roles of atmospheric forcing and strait geometry

Author: Yurui Zhang, Agatha M. Boer, Daniel J. Lunt, David K. Hutchinson, Phoebe Ross, Tina Flierdt, Philip Sexton, Helen K. Coxall, Sebastian Steinig, Jean‐Baptiste Ladant, Jiang Zhu, Yannick Donnadieu, Zhongshi Zhang, Wing‐Le Chan, Ayako Abe‐Ouchi, Igor Niezgodzki, Gerrit Lohmann, Gregor Knorr, Christopher J. Poulsen, Matt Huber, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science (MEL), Xiamen University, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, School of Geographical Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Climate Change Research Centre [Sydney] (CCRC), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), China University of Geosciences [Wuhan] (CUG), Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Institute of Geological Sciences [Wrocław] (UWr), University of Wrocław [Poland] (UWr), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences [West Lafayette] (EAPS), Purdue University [West Lafayette], and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
Subjects: PLANT DIVERSITY, COMPONENT WATER, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Science & Technology, SEAWATER SR, DRAKE PASSAGE, Paleontology, Geology, Oceanography, DEEP-WATER PRODUCTION, Physical Sciences, HEAT-TRANSPORT, STABLE-ISOTOPE RECORD, PACIFIC-OCEAN, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, FOSSIL FISH TEETH, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, SOUTHERN-OCEAN
Abstract: International audience; Here, we compare the ocean overturning circulation of the early Eocene (47-56 Ma) in eight coupled climate model simulations from the Deep-Time Model Intercomparison Project (DeepMIP) and investigate the causes of the observed inter-model spread. The most common global meridional overturning circulation (MOC) feature of these simulations is the anticlockwise bottom cell, fed by sinking in the Southern Ocean. In the North Pacific, one model (GFDL) displays strong deepwater formation and one model (CESM) shows weak deepwater formation, while in the Atlantic two models show signs of weak intermediate water formation (MIROC and NorESM). The location of the Southern Ocean deepwater formation sites varies among models and relates to small differences in model geometry of the Southern Ocean gateways. Globally, convection occurs in the basins with smallest local freshwater gain from the atmosphere. The global MOC is insensitive to atmospheric CO$_2$ concentrations from 1× (i.e., 280 ppm) to 3× (840 ppm) pre-industrial levels. Only two models have simulations with higher CO$_2$ (i.e., CESM and GFDL) and these show divergent responses, with a collapsed and active MOC, respectively, possibly due to differences in spin-up conditions. Combining the multiple model results with available proxy data on abyssal ocean circulation highlights that strong Southern Hemisphere-driven overturning is the most likely feature of the early Eocene. In the North Atlantic, unlike the present day, neither model results nor proxy data suggest deepwater formation in the open ocean during the early Eocene, while the evidence for deepwater formation in the North Pacific remains inconclusive
Published: 2022

9. The Mars system revealed by the Martian Moons eXploration mission

Author: Kazunori Ogohara, Hiromu Nakagawa, Shohei Aoki, Toru Kouyama, Tomohiro Usui, Naoki Terada, Takeshi Imamura, Franck Montmessin, David Brain, Alain Doressoundiram, Thomas Gautier, Takuya Hara, Yuki Harada, Hitoshi Ikeda, Mizuho Koike, François Leblanc, Ramses Ramirez, Eric Sawyer, Kanako Seki, Aymeric Spiga, Ann Carine Vandaele, Shoichiro Yokota, Antonella Barucci, Shingo Kameda, Kyoto Sangyo University, Graduate School of Science [Sendai], Tohoku University [Sendai], Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire (LPAP), Université de Liège, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Artificial Intelligence Research Center [Tokyo] (AIST), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology [Tokyo] (AIST), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Graduate School of Frontier Sciences [Kashiwa], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Graduate School of Science [Tokyo], Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering [Higashi-Hiroshima], Hiroshima University, Earth-Life Science Institute [Tokyo] (ELSI), Tokyo Institute of Technology [Tokyo] (TITECH), Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), Department of Physics [Orlando] (UCF | Physics), University of Central Florida [Orlando] (UCF), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [Tokyo], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Graduate School of Science [Toyonaka], Osaka University, and Rikkyo University [Tokyo]
Subjects: QB275-343, QE1-996.5, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Paleoclimate, Dust cycle, Mars, Mars system, Geology, 01 natural sciences, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 0103 physical sciences, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Transport process, Atmospheric escape, Water cycle, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Geodesy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) plans a Phobos sample return mission (MMX: Martian Moons eXploration). In this study, we review the related works on the past climate of Mars, its evolution, and the present climate and weather to describe the scientific goals and strategies of the MMX mission regarding the evolution of the Martian surface environment. The MMX spacecraft will retrieve and return a sample of Phobos regolith back to Earth in 2029. Mars ejecta are expected to be accumulated on the surface of Phobos without being much shocked. Samples from Phobos probably contain all types of Martian rock from sedimentary to igneous covering all geological eras if ejecta from Mars could be accumulated on the Phobos surface. Therefore, the history of the surface environment of Mars can be restored by analyzing the returned samples. Remote sensing of the Martian atmosphere and monitoring ions escaping to space while the spacecraft is orbiting Mars in the equatorial orbit are also planned. The camera with multi-wavelength filters and the infrared spectrometer onboard the spacecraft can monitor rapid transport processes of water vapor, dust, ice clouds, and other species, which could not be traced by the previous satellites on the sun-synchronous polar orbit. Such time-resolved pictures of the atmospheric phenomena should be an important clue to understand both the processes of water exchange between the surface/underground reservoirs and the atmosphere and the drivers of efficient material transport to the upper atmosphere. The mass spectrometer with unprecedented mass resolution can observe ions escaping to space and monitor the atmospheric escape which has made the past Mars to evolve towards the cold and dry surface environment we know today. Together with the above two instruments, it can potentially reveal what kinds of atmospheric events can transport tracers (e.g., H2O) upward and enhance the atmospheric escape. Graphical Abstract
Published: 2022

10. Impact of mountains in Southern China on the Eocene climates of East Asia

Author: Zijian Zhang, Zhongshi Zhang, Zhilin He, Ning Tan, Zhengtang Guo, Jiang Zhu, Sebastian Steinig, Yannick Donnadieu, Jean‐Baptiste Ladant, Wing‐Le Chan, Ayako Abe‐Ouchi, Igor Niezgodzki, Gregor Knorr, David K. Hutchinson, Agatha M. de Boer, Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology & Environment, Institute of Geology & Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), China University of Geosciences [Wuhan] (CUG), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), School of Geographical Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Alfred Wegener Institute [Potsdam], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Institute of Geological Sciences [Warsaw] (ING PAN), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Climate Change Research Centre [Sydney] (CCRC), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Department of Geological Sciences [Stockholm], Stockholm University, National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41888101, 42125502, and 42007398), Norwegian Research Council (No. 221712, 229819, and 262618), HPC resources of TGCC under allocation no. 2019-A0050102212, Swedish Research Council projects 2016-03912 and 2020-04791, Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at the National Supercomputer Centre (NSC), partially funded by the Swedish Research Council through grant agreement no. 2018-05973, Australian Research Council grant DE220100279., The CESM project is supported primarily by the National Science Foundation (NSF)., National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is a major facility sponsored by the NSF under Cooperative Agreement No. 1852977., Computing and data storage resources, including the Cheyenne supercom-puter (doi:10.5065/D6RX99HX), were provided by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at NCAR, and European Project: 262618,EC:FP7:SME,FP7-SME-2010-1,XSTONE(2010)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; Inconsistencies in the Eocene climates of East Asia have been revealed in both geological studies and simulations. Several earlier reconstructions showed an arid zonal band in mid-latitude China, but others showed a humid climate in the same region. Moreover, previous Eocene modeling studies have demonstrated that climate models can simulate both scenarios in China. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the cause of this model spread. We conducted a series of experiments using Norwegian Earth System Model 1-F and examined the impact of mountains in Southern China on the simulated Eocene climate. These mountains, including the Gangdese and Southeast Mountains, are located along the main path of water vapor transport to East Asia. Our results reveal that the Southeast Mountains play the dominant role in controlling the simulated precipitation in Eastern China during the Eocene. When the heights of the Southeast Mountains exceed ∼2,000 m, an arid zonal band appears in mid-latitude China, whereas humid climates appear in Eastern China when the elevation of the Southeast Mountains is relatively low.
Published: 2022

11. Biogeochemical cycles and aerosols over the last million years

Author: Bouttes, Nathaëlle, Bopp, Laurent, Albani, Samuel, Ramstein, Gilles, Vadsaria, Tristan, Capron, Emilie, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), University of Tokyo [Kashiwa Campus], British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Ramstein G., Landais A., Bouttes N., Sepulchre P., Govin A., Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; The biogeochemical cycles encompass the exchange of chemical elements between reservoirs such as the atmosphere, ocean, land and lithosphere. Those exchanges involve biological, geological and chemical processes, hence the term “biogeochemical cycles”.
Published: 2021

12. Spin dynamics study and experimental realization of tunable single-ion anisotropy in multiferroic Ba 2 CoGe 2 O 7 under external magnetic fields

Author: Dutta, Rajesh, Thoma, Henrik, Radelytskyi, Igor, Schneidewind, Astrid, Kocsis, Vilmos, Tokunaga, Yusuke, Taguchi, Yasujiro, Tokura, Yoshinori, Hutanu, Vladimir, Institute of Crystallography, RWTH Aachen University, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) (RIKEN CEMS), Department of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics and MTA-BME Condensed Matter Research Group, Budafoki ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary, Leibniz-Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Dresden (IFW Dresden), Leibniz Association, Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan., Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Kongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo
Subjects: ddc:530, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Strongly Correlated Electrons [cond-mat.str-el], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We report a spin-wave study on multiferroic Ba2CoGe2O7 under magnetic fields up to 12 T using low-energyinelastic neutron scattering. In-plane transverse (T1) spin-wave modes are highly dispersive along (h00) andrather flat but strong in intensity along (30l). In addition, two dispersive electromagnon modes have beenobserved around 3.5 meV. Dispersion of the out-of-plane transverse modes (T2) under fields reveals that thesingle-ion anisotropy constant decreases with increasing magnetic field, which is consistent with the linearspin-wave theory. Our results imply that the field-dependent single-ion anisotropy plays a crucial role indetermining the characteristics of T2 and electromagnon modes in the three-dimensional anisotropic spin-wavespectrum.
Published: 2021

13. Microsatellite instability in stage III colon cancer patients receiving fluoropyrimidine ± oxaliplatin: an

Author: Cohen, Romain, Taieb, Julien, Fiskum, Jack, Yothers, Greg, Goldberg, Richard, Yoshino, Takayuki, Alberts, Steven, Allegra, Carmen, De Gramont, Aimery, Seitz, Jean-Francois, O'Connell, Michael, Haller, Daniel, Wolmark, Norman, Erlichman, Charles, Zaniboni, Alberto, Lonardi, Sara, Kerr, Rachel, Grothey, Axel, Sinicrope, Franck, André, Thierry, Shi, Qian, Service d'Oncologie Médicale [CHU Saint -Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Mayo Clinic [Rochester], University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Center for Climate Systems Research [New York] (CCSR), Columbia University [New York], University of Tokyo [Kashiwa Campus], The University of Florida College of Medicine, Service d'Oncologie Médicale [Institut Hospitalier Franco-Britannique], Division of Medical Oncology - Institut Hospitalier Franco-Britannique, Service d'oncologie digestive et hépato-gastro-entérologie [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (HUP), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]-University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Fondazione Poliambulanza, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS [Padua, Italy], University of Oxford [Oxford], and West German Cancer Center [Essen, Germany]
Subjects: deficient mismatch repair, oxaliplatin, microsatellite instability, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, prognosis, neoplasms, digestive system diseases, Colon cancer
Abstract: International audience; PURPOSE:In patients with stage III colon cancer (CC) whose tumors demonstrate microsatellite instability (MSI), the efficacy of adjuvant fluoropyrimidine (FP) with or without oxaliplatin has not been clearly demonstrated and the prognostic value of MSI remains uncertain.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Individual patient data from the ACCENT database were used to evaluate the effect of FP with or without oxaliplatin on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) among patients with MSI stage III CC and the prognostic value of MSI in patients treated with FP plus oxaliplatin, by stratified Cox models adjusted for demographic and clinicopathological factors.RESULTS:MSI status was available for 5,457 patients (609 MSI, 11.2%; 4848 microsatellite stable [MSS], 88.8%) from 12 randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Oxaliplatin significantly improved OS of MSI patients from the two RCTs testing FP with or without oxaliplatin (n = 185; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.52, 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.93). Among the 4,250 patients treated with FP plus oxaliplatin (461 MSI and 3789 MSS), MSI was associated with better OS in the N1 group compared with MSS (aHR = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.95) but similar survival in the N2 population (aHR = 1.13; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.48; P interaction = .029). The main independent prognosticators of MSI patients treated with FP plus oxaliplatin were T stage (aHR = 2.09; 95% CI, 1.29 to 3.38) and N stage (aHR = 3.57; 95% CI, 2.32 to 5.48). Similar results were observed for DFS in all analyses.CONCLUSION:Adding oxaliplatin to FP improves OS and DFS in patients with MSI stage III CC. Compared with MSS, MSI patients experienced better outcomes in the N1 group but similar survival in the N2 group.
Published: 2021

14. Similar circling movements observed across marine megafauna taxa

Author: Charles A. Bost, Katsufumi Sato, Masao Amano, Kagari Aoki, Tomoko Narazaki, Carl G. Meyer, Jerome Bourjea, Ryosuke Okamoto, Kyoichi Mori, Stéphane Ciccione, Yves Handrich, Takashi Iwata, Hiroyuki Suganuma, Itsumi Nakamura, Rui Matsumoto, Paolo Luschi, Kozue Shiomi, University of St Andrews [Scotland], Nagasaki University, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, food.ingredient, Science, Foraging, Zoology, 02 engineering and technology, 03 medical and health sciences, food, Megafauna, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Biological sciences, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, biology, Arctocephalus gazella, Ethology, Biological Sciences, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, biology.organism_classification, Galeocerdo, Aptenodytes patagonicus, Ziphius cavirostris, 030104 developmental biology, Taxon, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Advances in biologging technology have enabled 3D dead-reckoning reconstruction of marine animal movements at spatiotemporal scales of meters and seconds. Examining high-resolution 3D movements of sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier, N = 4; Rhincodon typus, N = 1), sea turtles (Chelonia mydas, N = 3), penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus, N = 6), and marine mammals (Arctocephalus gazella, N = 4; Ziphius cavirostris, N = 1), we report the discovery of circling events where animals consecutively circled more than twice at relatively constant angular speeds. Similar circling behaviors were observed across a wide variety of marine megafauna, suggesting these behaviors might serve several similar purposes across taxa including foraging, social interactions, and navigation
Published: 2021

15. Suppression of anharmonic phonons and s -wave superconductivity by defects in the filled skutterudite LaRu$_4$As$_{12}$

Author: Mizukami, Y., Kończykowski, M., Tanaka, O., Juraszek, J., Henkie, Z., Cichorek, T., Shibauchi, T., University of Tokyo [Kashiwa Campus], Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés (LSI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research [Polish Academy of Sciences], and Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN)
Subjects: [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con]
Abstract: International audience; In filled-skutterudite compounds, guest atoms are centered at highly symmetric cages essentially formed by pnictogens. The weak bonding of the guest atoms to the cage-forming elements is expected to give rise to local atomic vibrations in anharmonic potential which can influence electronic properties and may even promote superconductivity. However, the relation between the unusual low-energy phonon excitations and the electronic properties is still elusive, and evidence establishing a direct link between them is a long-standing issue. Here, we investigate the impact of artificial atomic defects introduced by electron irradiation in the filled-skutterudite superconductor LaRu 4 As 12. Our high-resolution heat capacity measurements reveal that the electronic specific heat is substantially reduced with increasing concentration of atomic defects. Moreover, the irradiation suppresses the fully gapped s-wave superconductivity as well as the contribution of anharmonic phonons in the specific heat in a correlated fashion. Our findings imply that the anharmonic phonons play an important role in enhancing electronic specific heat and superconductivity.
Published: 2020

16. Drier tropical and subtropical Southern Hemisphere in the mid-Pliocene Warm Period

Author: Wing-Le Chan, Yoichi Kame, Deepak Chandan, Andréa S. Taschetto, Ilana Wainer, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, W. Richard Peltier, Christian Stepanek, Alex Sen Gupta, Esther C. Brady, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Camille Contoux, Ning Tan, Julia Tindall, Gabriel M. Pontes, Ran Feng, Qiong Zhang, Zhongshi Zhang, Gerrit Lohmann, Stephen J. Hunter, University of São Paulo (USP), Climate Change Research Centre [Sydney] (CCRC), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Center for Climate System Research [Kashiwa] (CCSR), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), University of Toronto, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Department of Physics [Toronto], School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Beijing] (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Atmospheric circulation, lcsh:Medicine, Subtropics, Palaeoclimate, Convergence zone, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Atmospheric science, Climate change, Precipitation, lcsh:Science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Southern Hemisphere, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Multidisciplinary, lcsh:R, Northern Hemisphere, MUDANÇA CLIMÁTICA, Tropics, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, Climate model, lcsh:Q, Climate sciences, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Thermodynamic arguments imply that global mean rainfall increases in a warmer atmosphere; however, dynamical effects may result in more significant diversity of regional precipitation change. Here we investigate rainfall changes in the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (~ 3 Ma), a time when temperatures were 2–3ºC warmer than the pre-industrial era, using output from the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Projects phases 1 and 2 and sensitivity climate model experiments. In the Mid-Pliocene simulations, the higher rates of warming in the northern hemisphere create an interhemispheric temperature gradient that enhances the southward cross-equatorial energy flux by up to 48%. This intensified energy flux reorganizes the atmospheric circulation leading to a northward shift of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone and a weakened and poleward displaced Southern Hemisphere Subtropical Convergences Zones. These changes result in drier-than-normal Southern Hemisphere tropics and subtropics. The evaluation of the mid-Pliocene adds a constraint to possible future warmer scenarios associated with differing rates of warming between hemispheres.
Published: 2020

17. A warm layer in the nightside mesosphere of Mars

Author: Kaori Terada, Naoki Terada, Fayu Jiang, Sonal Jain, Kanako Seki, Nao Yoshida, Takeshi Imamura, Hannes Gröller, Franck Montmessin, Justin Deighan, Takeshi Kuroda, Roger V. Yelle, Hitoshi Fujiwara, Hiromu Nakagawa, Nicholas M. Schneider, Loic Verdier, Graduate School of Information Sciences [Sendai], Tohoku University [Sendai], Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Faculty of Science and Technology [Tokyo], Seikei University, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences [Kashiwa], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), and Graduate School of Science [Tokyo]
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Equator, Northern Hemisphere, Mars Exploration Program, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric temperature, 01 natural sciences, Mesosphere, Warm front, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Middle latitudes, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Timekeeping on Mars, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; We report a new set of stellar occultation measurements for nightside temperature profiles made by the MAVEN/IUVS that provide evidence for a recurring layer of warm air between 70‐90 km altitudes in the nightside mesosphere of Mars during Ls = 0° ‐ 180° in Martian Year 33‐34. The nightside profiles reveal a recurring peak of atmospheric temperature around 80 km over the equator to the middle latitudes in the northern hemisphere. The predictions of the Mars Climate Database have a warm layer with much smaller amplitudes. The observed peak amplitudes are larger than those predicted by the model by up to 90 K. Wavenumber‐3 structures are seen in the warm layer that are potentially signatures of thermal tides or stationary planetary waves, with amplitudes two‐times larger than predicted.
Published: 2020

18. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in High-Resolution Models

Author: Paul G. Myers, Arne Biastoch, Sybren Drijfhout, Dmitry Sidorenko, Wilbert Weijer, Joël J.-M. Hirschi, Xiaobiao Xu, Andrew E. Kiss, Paul Spence, Justin Small, Nikolay Koldunov, Sergey Danilov, Doroteaciro Iovino, Takao Kawasaki, Claus W. Böning, Stephen M. Griffies, Anne-Marie Tréguier, Jennifer Mecking, Bernard Barnier, Adam T. Blaker, Alice Marzocchi, LuAnne Thompson, Hiroyasu Hasumi, Dmitry Sein, Thierry Penduff, Ben Moat, Malcolm J. Roberts, Helene T. Hewitt, Klaus Getzlaff, Jean-Marc Molines, Andrew C. Coward, Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels [Grenoble] (LEGI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften (IFM-GEOMAR), National Oceanography Centre (NOC), Ocean and Earth Science [Southampton], University of Southampton-National Oceanography Centre (NOC), NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Laboratoire de physique des océans (LPO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )
Subjects: Atlantic Meridional Overturning, Atlantic hurricane, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, high-resolution modeling, Mesoscale meteorology, Zonal and meridional, mesoscale, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Ocean dynamics, Gulf Stream, Current (stream), Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Climatology, Stream function, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Geology, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) represents the zonally integrated stream function of meridional volume transport in the Atlantic Basin. The AMOC plays an important role in transporting heat meridionally in the climate system. Observations suggest a heat transport by the AMOC of 1.3 PW at 26°N-a latitude which is close to where the Atlantic northward heat transport is thought to reach its maximum. This shapes the climate of the North Atlantic region as we know it today. In recent years there has been significant progress both in our ability to observe the AMOC in nature and to simulate it in numerical models. Most previous modeling investigations of the AMOC and its impact on climate have relied on models with horizontal resolution that does not resolve ocean mesoscale eddies and the dynamics of the Gulf Stream/North Atlantic Current system. As a result of recent increases in computing power, models are now being run that are able to represent mesoscale ocean dynamics and the circulation features that rely on them. The aim of this review is to describe new insights into the AMOC provided by high-resolution models. Furthermore, we will describe how high-resolution model simulations can help resolve outstanding challenges in our understanding of the AMOC.
Published: 2020

19. Vertical propagation of wave perturbations in the middle atmosphere on Mars by MAVEN/IUVS

Author: Hitoshi Fujiwara, Takeshi Imamura, Fayu Jiang, Nao Yoshida, Nicholas M. Schneider, Kaori Terada, Naoki Terada, Kanako Seki, Sonal Jain, Loic Verdier, Justin Deighan, Hiromu Nakagawa, Hannes Gröller, Franck Montmessin, Bruce M. Jakosky, Roger V. Yelle, Scott L. England, Takeshi Kuroda, Graduate School of Information Sciences [Sendai], Tohoku University [Sendai], Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering [Blackburg], Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Graduate School of Science [Tokyo], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Faculty of Science and Technology [Tokyo], Seikei University, and Graduate School of Frontier Sciences [Kashiwa]
Subjects: Physics, Martian, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmosphere of Mars, Astrophysics, Mars Exploration Program, 01 natural sciences, Mesosphere, Physics::Geophysics, Atmosphere, Geophysics, Amplitude, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Spectral slope, Physics::Space Physics, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Thermosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; This work offers the first in‐depth study of the global characteristics of wave perturbations in temperature profiles at 20 ‐ 140 km altitudes derived from the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) onboard the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft. The peak amplitudes of waves seen in temperature profiles exceed 20 % of the mean background, especially on the nightside, which is larger than those in Earth’s mesosphere and thermosphere. The wave perturbations generate an instability layer around 70‐100 km on the nightside, which potentially causes wave‐breaking and turbulences. Our results highlighted a seasonal variation in the latitudinal distribution of nightside perturbations. Amplitudes of wave perturbations were found to be large in the northern low‐latitude region and the southern polar region during the first half of the year (Ls = 0° ‐ 180°). An increase of waves in the spectral density was found in southern low‐latitude regions in the latter half of the year (Ls = 180° ‐ 360°). Vertical wavenumber spectral density in the Martian middle atmosphere shows a power‐law dependence with a logarithmic spectral slope of ‐3, similar to the features seen in the Earth’s atmosphere. The derived spectral power density suggests the longer waves growing with height while the effective dissipation of shorter waves occurs. The strong CO2 15‐micron band cooling can effectively dissipate shorter waves. In contrast, the spectral power density at longer waves suggests an amplitude growth with height of unsaturated waves up to the lower thermosphere.
Published: 2020

20. Fundamental questions and applications of sclerochronology: Community-defined research priorities

Author: Kotaro Shirai, Melita Peharda, Bernd R. Schöne, Carin Andersson, Tamara Trofimova, Elizabeth Tray, John R. Morrongiello, Bryan A. Black, C. Fred T. Andrus, Peter Grønkjær, Clive N. Trueman, Daniel Killam, Andrew L. Johnson, Amy L. Prendergast, Bronwyn M. Gillanders, Stella J. Alexandroff, Elizabeth M. Harper, Julien Thébault, Steven E. Campana, Meghan Burchell, Madelyn J. Mette, David J. Reynolds, Kristine L. DeLong, Niels De Winter, Michael L. Carroll, Paul G. Butler, James D. Scourse, NORCE Norwegian Research Center, School of Ocean Sciences [Menai Bridge], Bangor University, College of Life and Environmental Sciences [Exeter], University of Exeter, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, University of Iceland [Reykjavik], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Derby [United Kingdom], School of BioSciences [Melbourne], Faculty of Science [Melbourne], University of Melbourne-University of Melbourne, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Institute of Geosciences [Mainz], Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), University of Alabama [Tuscaloosa] (UA), Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], Akvaplan-Niva [Tromsø], Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Louisiana State University (LSU), School of Biological Sciences [Adelaïde], University of Adelaide, Aarhus University [Aarhus], biosphere 2, School of Geography [Melbourne], Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ocean and Earth Science [Southampton], University of Southampton-National Oceanography Centre (NOC), Department of Earth Sciences - Geochemistry [Utrecht], Utrecht University [Utrecht], Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Stratigraphy and paleontology, Stratigraphy & paleontology, Earth Sciences, Chemistry, Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Memorial University of Newfoundland = Université Memorial de Terre-Neuve [St. John's, Canada] (MUN), Biosphere 2 [University of Arizona], and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Future studies, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology (disciplines), Data management, sub-04, mercenaria-mercenaria, Climate science, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Field (computer science), metabolic carbon contribution, Sclerochronology, sea-surface temperature, Sociology, Horizon scanning, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, growth-patterns, business.industry, oxygen isotopes, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Research needs, stable-isotopes, Data science, water bivalve shells, climate-driven synchrony, high-resolution sr/ca, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], DISCOVERY, great-barrier-reef, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract: WOS:000582677500029; International audience; Horizon scanning is an increasingly common strategy to identify key research needs and frame future agendas in science. Here, we present the results of the first such exercise for the field of sclerochronology, thereby providing an overview of persistent and emergent research questions that should be addressed by future studies. Through online correspondence following the 5th International Sclerochronology Conference in 2019, participants submitted and rated questions that addressed either knowledge gaps or promising applications of sclerochronology. An initial list of 130 questions was compiled based on contributions of conference attendees and reviewed by expert panels formed during the conference. Herein, we present and discuss the 50 questions rated to be of the highest priority, determined through an online survey distributed to sclerochronology community members post the conference. The final list (1) includes important questions related to mechanisms of biological control over biomineralization, (2) highlights state of the art applications of sclerochronological methods and data for solving long-standing questions in other fields such as climate science and ecology, and (3) emphasizes the need for common standards for data management and analysis. Although research priorities are continually reassessed, our list provides a roadmap that can be used to motivate research efforts and advance sclerochronology toward new, and more powerful, applications.
Published: 2020

21. The Phosphatase PP1 Promotes Mitotic Slippage through Mad3 Dephosphorylation

Author: Simonetta Piatti, Antonella Ruggiero, Katsuhiko Shirahige, Yuki Katou, Martial Séveno, Centre de recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (CRBM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), University of Tokyo [Kashiwa Campus], Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), BioCampus Montpellier (BCM), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), BioCampus (BCM), and KARLI, Mélanie
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Mad2, BUB3, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mitosis, Cell Cycle Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, spindle assembly checkpoint, Chromosome segregation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, mitotic slippage, Chromosome Segregation, protein phosphatase 1, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, mitotic checkpoint complex, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Anaphase, 0303 health sciences, Chemistry, Kinetochore, Nuclear Proteins, Mitotic checkpoint complex, Spindle apparatus, Cell biology, Spindle checkpoint, 030104 developmental biology, Mitotic exit, embryonic structures, M Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints, Anaphase-promoting complex, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Accurate chromosome segregation in mitosis requires the bipolar attachment of kinetochores to spindle microtubules. A conserved surveillance mechanism, the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC), responds to lack of kinetochore-microtubule connections and delays the onset of anaphase until all chromosomes are bipolarly attached. SAC signalling fires at kinetochores and involves the formation of a soluble Mitotic Checkpoint Complex (MCC) made by Mad2, Mad3/BubR1, Bub3 and Cdc20, which inhibits the ubiquitin ligase activity of the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC). The mitotic delay imposed by SAC, however, is not everlasting. After a variable time during which kinetochores have failed to establish bipolar connections, cells escape from the SAC-induced mitotic arrest through a process called mitotic slippage. Mitotic slippage occurs in the presence of SAC signalling at kinetochores, but whether and how MCC stability and APC inhibition are actively controlled during slippage is not known. The PP1 phosphatase has emerged as a key factor in SAC silencing once all kinetochores are bipolarly attached. PP1 turns off SAC signalling through dephosphorylation of the SAC scaffold Knl1/Blinkin at kinetochores. Here we show that in budding yeast PP1 is also required for mitotic slippage. However, its involvement in this process is not linked to kinetochores but rather to MCC stability. We identify S268 of Mad3 as a critical target of PP1 in this process. Mad3 S268 dephosphorylation destabilises the MCC, but in spite of that, does not affect the initial SAC-induced mitotic arrest. Conversely, it accelerates mitotic slippage and overcomes the slippage defect of PP1 mutants. Thus, slippage is not the mere consequence of incomplete APC inactivation that brings about mitotic exit, as originally proposed, but involves the exertive antagonism between kinases and phosphatases.
Published: 2020

22. Climatology of SO2 and UV absorber at Venus’ cloud top from SPICAV-UV nadir dataset

Author: Denis Belyaev, Kandis Lea Jessup, Franck Montmessin, Oleg Korablev, Emmanuel Marcq, Yeon Joo Lee, Jean-Loup Bertaux, Lucio Baggio, Thérèse Encrenaz, IMPEC - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] (SwRI), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Tokyo [Kashiwa Campus], Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: Atmospheres, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Venus, Ultraviolet observations, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Atmosphere, 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, Nadir, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Observations, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ultraviolet, [PHYS]Physics [physics], biology, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Advection, Cloud top, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Scale height, biology.organism_classification, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, atmosphere, Environmental science, Composition
Abstract: International audience; Following our previous work (Marcq et al., 2013, Marcq et al., 2011), we have updated our forward radiative transfer code and processed the whole SPICAV-UV/Venus Express nadir dataset (2006-2014) in order to retrieve SO2 abundance at cloud top – assuming a SO2 decreasing scale height of 3 km and a ratio SO/SO2 tied to 10% – as well as the imaginary index of scattering mode 1 particles, representative of the remaining UV absorption, since the OSSO vertical profile found by Frandsen et al. (2016) cannot account for our observations. Our main results mostly confirm and extend the validity of those discussed by Marcq et al. (2013), namely: (i) long-term variations of low latitude SO2 at 70 km between ∼ 100 ppbv (2007, 2009) and less than 10 ppbv (2014); (ii) in average, decreasing SO2 with increasing latitude and depletion near the sub-solar point, consistent with a competition between advection and photo-chemical destruction; (iii) secular increase of mode 1 imaginary index at 250 nm, from 10−2 to 5 ⋅ 10−2 between 2006 and 2010; (iv) if not related instead to long-term variability, a possible localized enrichment of SO2 and UV brightness increase above the western slopes of Aphrodite Terra, consistent with Bertaux et al. (2016) supply mechanism through orographic gravity waves. This spatial and temporal variability underlines the need for a long term monitoring of Venus SO2 and cloud top from ground-based facilities until the next generation of Venusian orbiters is operational.
Published: 2020

23. Comparison of past and future simulations of ENSO in CMIP5/PMIP3 and CMIP6/PMIP4 models

Author: Josephine R. Brown, Charles Williams, Soon Il An, Maria-Vittoria Guarino, Deepak Chandan, Gerrit Lohmann, Anni Zhao, Allegra N. LeGrande, Chris Brierley, Evgeny Volodin, Rumi Ohgaito, Weipeng Zheng, Louise C. Sime, Esther C. Brady, Xiaoxu Shi, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Ryouta O'ishi, Roberta D'Agostino, Zhongshi Zhang, Samantha Stevenson, Pascale Braconnot, Chuncheng Guo, Qiong Zhang, W. Richard Peltier, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Polina Morozova, University of Melbourne, University College of London [London] (UCL), Yonsei University, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), University of California (UC), University of Bristol [Bristol], Stockholm University, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Environmental protection, Stratigraphy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Environmental pollution, medicine, lcsh:TD169-171.8, Precipitation, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Environmental sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Global temperature, Mode (statistics), Paleontology, Last Glacial Maximum, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Annual cycle, 13. Climate action, Climatology, lcsh:TD172-193.5, Interglacial, Spatial ecology, Environmental science
Abstract: El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the strongest mode of interannual climate variability in the current climate, influencing ecosystems, agriculture, and weather systems across the globe, but future projections of ENSO frequency and amplitude remain highly uncertain. A comparison of changes in ENSO in a range of past and future climate simulations can provide insights into the sensitivity of ENSO to changes in the mean state, including changes in the seasonality of incoming solar radiation, global average temperatures, and spatial patterns of sea surface temperatures. As a comprehensive set of coupled model simulations is now available for both palaeoclimate time slices (the Last Glacial Maximum, mid-Holocene, and last interglacial) and idealised future warming scenarios (1 % per year CO2 increase, abrupt four-time CO2 increase), this allows a detailed evaluation of ENSO changes in this wide range of climates. Such a comparison can assist in constraining uncertainty in future projections, providing insights into model agreement and the sensitivity of ENSO to a range of factors. The majority of models simulate a consistent weakening of ENSO activity in the last interglacial and mid-Holocene experiments, and there is an ensemble mean reduction of variability in the western equatorial Pacific in the Last Glacial Maximum experiments. Changes in global temperature produce a weaker precipitation response to ENSO in the cold Last Glacial Maximum experiments and an enhanced precipitation response to ENSO in the warm increased CO2 experiments. No consistent relationship between changes in ENSO amplitude and annual cycle was identified across experiments.
Published: 2020

24. Extratropical–Tropical Interaction Model Intercomparison Project (Etin-Mip): Protocol and Initial Results

Author: Kang, S., Hawcroft, M., Xiang, B., Hwang, Y., Kim, H., Cazes, G., Codron, F., Crueger, T., Deser, C., Hodnebrog, Ø., Kim, J., Kosaka, Y., Losada, T., Mechoso, C., Myhre, G., Seland, Ø., Stevens, B., https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3795-0475, Watanabe, M., Yu, S., Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), University of Exeter, NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Taiwan University [Taiwan] (NTU), Océan et variabilité du climat (VARCLIM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Center for International Climate and Environmental Research [Oslo] (CICERO), University of Oslo (UiO), Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology [Tokyo] (RCAST), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Departamento Fisica de la Tierra, Astronomía y Astrofísica [Madrid], Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie (MPI-M), Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), Yale University [New Haven], Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and University of California (UC)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]
Abstract: ETIN-MIP is a community-wide effort to improve dynamical understanding of the linkages between tropical precipitation and radiative biases in various regions, with implications for anthropogenic climate change and geoengineering.This article introduces the Extratropical-Tropical Interaction Model Intercomparison Project (ETIN-MIP), where a set of fully coupled model experiments are designed to examine the sources of longstanding tropical precipitation biases in climate models. In particular, we reduce insolation over three targeted latitudinal bands of persistent model biases: the southern extratropics, the southern tropics and the northern extratropics. To address the effect of regional energy bias corrections on the mean distribution of tropical precipitation, such as the double Intertropical Convergence Zone problem, we evaluate the quasi-equilibrium response of the climate system corresponding to a 50-year period after the 100 years of prescribed energy perturbation. Initial results show that, despite a large inter-model spread in each perturbation experiment due to differences in ocean heat uptake response and climate feedbacks across models, the southern tropics is most efficient at driving a meridional shift of tropical precipitation. In contrast, the extratropical energy perturbations are effectively damped by anomalous heat uptake over the subpolar oceans, thereby inducing a smaller meridional shift of tropical precipitation compared with the tropical energy perturbations. The ETIN-MIP experiments allow us to investigate the global implications of regional energy bias corrections, providing a route to guide the practice of model development, with implications for understanding dynamical responses to anthropogenic climate change and geoengineering.
Published: 2019

25. Intense decadal variations of Venus' UV albedo, and its impact on solar heating rate and atmospheric dynamics

Author: Lee, Yeon Joo, Jessup, Kandis-Lea, Pérez-Hoyos, Santiago, Titov, Dmitrij V., Lebonnois, Sébastien, Peralta, Javier, Horinouchi, Takeshi, Imamura, Takeshi, Limaye, Sanjay, Marcq, Emmanuel, Takagi, Masahiro, Yamazaki, Atsushi, Yamada, Manabu, Watanabe, Shigeto, Murakami, Shin-Ya, Ogohara, Kazunori, Mcclintock, William, Holsclaw, Gregory, Roman, Anthony, University of Tokyo [Kashiwa Campus], Technische Universität Berlin (TU), Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] (SwRI), Departamento de Fisica Aplicada [Bilbao], Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Madison], University of Wisconsin-Madison, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Kyoto Sangyo University, Planetary Exploration Research Center [Chiba] (PERC), Chiba Institute of Technology (CIT), Hokkaido Information University, University of Shiga Prefecture, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Space Telescope Science Institute (STSci), and Cardon, Catherine
Subjects: [SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract: International audience; We report the first quantitative study on the variabil-ity of Venus’ cloud albedo at 365 nm using data ac-quired by four independent space-based instruments.We show a factor of 2 albedo variation had been oc-curred in the past decade. This is sufficient amount toalter solar heating rate at the cloud top level, whichconsequently can affect atmospheric dynamics, i.e.,zonal winds near the cloud top level
Published: 2019

26. Ground-based mapping of SO2 and HDO on Venus in the thermal infrared

Author: Encrenaz, Thérèse, Greathouse, T., Marcq, Emmanuel, Sagawa, Hideo, Widemann, Thomas, Bezard, Bruno, Fouchet, Thierry, Lefèvre, Franck, Lebonnois, Sébastien, Atreya, Sushil, Lee, Yeon Joo, Giles, R., Watanabe, Shigeto, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kyoto Sangyo University, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences [Ann Arbor] (AOSS), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, University of Tokyo [Kashiwa Campus], and Hokkaido Information University
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

27. Cauchy Multichannel Speech Enhancement with a Deep Speech Prior

Author: Antoine Liutkus, Aditya Arie Nugraha, Mathieu Fontaine, Kazuyoshi Yoshii, Roland Badeau, Speech Modeling for Facilitating Oral-Based Communication (MULTISPEECH), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Télécom ParisTech, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project [Tokyo] (RIKEN AIP), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Signal, Statistique et Apprentissage (S2A), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Images, Données, Signal (IDS), University of Tokyo [Kashiwa Campus], Scientific Data Management (ZENITH), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), This work was partly supported by the research programme KAMoulox (ANR- 15-CE38-0003-01) funded by ANR, the French State agency for research, and JSPS KAKENHI No. 19H04137., ANR-15-CE38-0003,KAMoulox,Démixage en ligne de larges archives sonores(2015), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM)
Subjects: Computer science, Cauchy distribution, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Multichannel speech enhancement, 02 engineering and technology, Autoencoder, Non-negative matrix factorization, Speech enhancement, Nonnegative matrix factorization, Noise, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, multivariate complex Cauchy distribution, Spectrogram, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, variational autoencoder, Latent variable model, Gradient descent, Algorithm, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; We propose a semi-supervised multichannel speech enhancement system based on a probabilistic model which assumes that both speech and noise follow the heavy-tailed multi-variate complex Cauchy distribution. As we advocate, this allows handling strong and adverse noisy conditions. Consequently, the model is parameterized by the source magnitude spectrograms and the source spatial scatter matrices. To deal with the non-additivity of scatter matrices, our first contribution is to perform the enhancement on a projected space. Then, our second contribution is to combine a latent variable model for speech, which is trained by following the variational autoencoder framework, with a low-rank model for the noise source. At test time, an iterative inference algorithm is applied, which produces estimated parameters to use for separation. The speech latent variables are estimated first from the noisy speech and then updated by a gradient descent method, while a majorization-equalization strategy is used to update both the noise and the spatial parameters of both sources. Our experimental results show that the Cauchy model outperforms the state-of-art methods. The standard deviation scores also reveal that the proposed method is more robust against non-stationary noise.
Published: 2019

28. LongRunMIP -motivation and design for a large collection of millennial-length AO-GCM simulations 2

Author: Rugenstein, Maria, Bloch-Johnson, Jonah, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Andrews, Timothy, Beyerle, Urs, Cao, Long, Chadha, Tarun, Danabasoglu, Gokhan, Dufresne, Jean-Louis, Duan, Lei, Foujols, Marie-Alice, Frölicher, Thomas, Geoffroy, Olivier, Gregory, Jonathan, Knutti, Reto, Li, Chao, Marzocchi, Alice, Mauritsen, Thorsten, Menary, Matthew, Moyer, Elisabeth, Nazarenko, Larissa, Paynter, David, Saint-Martin, David, Schmidt, Gavin, Yamamoto, Akitomo, Yang, Shuting, Center for Climate System Research [Kashiwa] (CCSR), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Department of Psychology [York, UK], University of York [York, UK], National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), University of Reading (UOR), Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Beihang University (BUAA), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

29. Animal-Borne Telemetry: An Integral Component of the Ocean Observing Toolkit

Author: Rob Harcourt, Ana M. M. Sequeira, Xuelei Zhang, Fabien Roquet, Kosei Komatsu, Michelle Heupel, Clive McMahon, Fred Whoriskey, Mark Meekan, Gemma Carroll, Stephanie Brodie, Colin Simpfendorfer, Mark Hindell, Ian Jonsen, Daniel P. Costa, Barbara Block, Mônica Muelbert, Bill Woodward, Mike Weise, Kim Aarestrup, Martin Biuw, Lars Boehme, Steven J. Bograd, Dorian Cazau, Jean-Benoit Charrassin, Steven J. Cooke, Paul Cowley, P. J. Nico de Bruyn, Tiphaine Jeanniard du Dot, Carlos Duarte, Víctor M. Eguíluz, Luciana C. Ferreira, Juan Fernández-Gracia, Kimberly Goetz, Yusuke Goto, Christophe Guinet, Mike Hammill, Graeme C. Hays, Elliott L. Hazen, Luis A. Hückstädt, Charlie Huveneers, Sara Iverson, Saifullah Arifin Jaaman, Kongkiat Kittiwattanawong, Kit M. Kovacs, Christian Lydersen, Tim Moltmann, Masaru Naruoka, Lachlan Phillips, Baptiste Picard, Nuno Queiroz, Gilles Reverdin, Katsufumi Sato, David W. Sims, Eva B. Thorstad, Michele Thums, Anne M. Treasure, Andrew W. Trites, Guy D. Williams, Yoshinari Yonehara, Mike A. Fedak, Department of Biological Sciences [North Ryde], Macquarie University, The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences [Australia], The University of Western Australia (UWA), First Institute of Oceanography [China], Equipe Physique de l'Ocean Austral (DMPA), Graduate School of Frontier Sciences [Kashiwa], The University of Tokyo, Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), University of Sydney Institute of Marine Science (USIMS), The University of Sydney, Ocean Tracking network, Dalhousie University, Australian Institute of Marine Science [Perth] (AIMS Perth), Environmental Research Division [USA], NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center [USA], James Cook University (JCU), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania (UTAS), LaSIGE [Lisboa], Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA)-Faculdade de Ciências, Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment [USA], Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, NOAA Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Naval Research [USA], National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), NERC Sea Mammal Research Unit (NERC Sea Mammal Research Unit), NERC, Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU), University of Saint Andrews, Lab-STICC_ENSTAB_CID_TOMS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Carleton University, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Department of Global Change Research, Institut Mediterrani d´Estudis Avançats (IMEDEA), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), CSIC-UIB, IFISC, CSIRO Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre [Australia], Instituto de Fısica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences [Australia], School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (University of California Santa Cruz), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Malaysia Institute of Oceanography, University of Malaysia, Phuket Marine Biological Center (PMBC), FRAM Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Integrated Marine Observing System, Aeronautical Technology Directorate [Japan], Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos/Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology [Portugal], Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Insitute of Polar Research, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Department of Oceanography and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Fisheries Centre (Marine Mammal Research Unit), University of British Columbia (UBC), Department of Marine Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Santa Cruz], Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews [Scotland], École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne), Sorbonne Université (SU), Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria, Red Sea Research Centre (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd [New Zealand], Marine Biological Association of the UK, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Universidade do Porto, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), National Research Foundation [South Africa] (NRF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidade do Porto = University of Porto
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:QH1-199.5, Home range, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Big data, Ocean Engineering, Aquatic Science, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, movement analysis, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Telemetry, Ecosystem, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, 14. Life underwater, Animal telemetry, lcsh:Science, Animal movement, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Remote sensing, Abiotic component, Global and Planetary Change, geography, ocean observing, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, Continental shelf, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, EOV, Sampling (statistics), animal movement, Habitat, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, business, animal telemetry
Abstract: International audience; Animal telemetry is a powerful tool for observing marine animals and the physical environments that they inhabit, from coastal and continental shelf ecosystems to polar seas and open oceans. Satellite-linked biologgers and networks of acoustic receivers allow animals to be reliably monitored over scales of tens of meters to thousands of kilometers, giving insight into their habitat use, home range size, the phenology of migratory patterns and the biotic and abiotic factors that drive their distributions. Furthermore, physical environmental variables can be collected using animals as autonomous sampling platforms, increasing spatial and temporal coverage of global oceanographic observation systems. The use of animal telemetry, therefore, has the capacity to provide measures from a suite of essential ocean variables (EOVs) for improved monitoring of Earth's oceans. Here we outline the design features of animal telemetry systems, describe current applications and their benefits and challenges, and discuss future directions. We describe new analytical techniques that improve our ability to not only quantify animal movements but to also provide a powerful framework for comparative studies across taxa. We discuss the application of animal telemetry and its capacity to collect biotic and abiotic data, how the data collected can be incorporated into ocean observing systems, and the role these data can play in improved ocean management.
Published: 2019

30. Spatial properties of soil analyses and airborne measurements for reconnaissance of soil contamination by 137 Cs after Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011

Author: Pedram Masoudi, Mathieu Le Coz, Charlotte Cazala, Kimiaki Saito, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Japan Atomic Energy Agency [Ibaraki] (JAEA), European Project, PSE-ENV/SEDRE/LELI, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Wakashiba 178-4, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0871, Japan, and Service des déchets radioactifs et des transferts dans la géosphère (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SEDRE)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Spatial correlation, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil test, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Sampling (statistics), Magnetic dip, Soil science, Field of view, General Medicine, 010501 environmental sciences, Residual, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Soil contamination, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Spatial ecology, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; HIGHLIGHTS-Soil analyses and airborne measurements are compared to each other.-In 47% of cases, both the datasets are compatible in small-and large-dimension variations.-Despite the general consistency of data, soil analyses are more heterogeneous.-Spatial-correlation within the variable could be a witness of hotspots in low-contaminated zones. ABSTRACT Following Fukushima nuclear disaster, several data gathering campaigns surveyed the radionuclide propagation in the environment. However, the acquired datasets do not have the same sampling dimension. For example, the airborne measurements are some sort of averaging over a circular field of view, beneath the sensor; while the soil analyses are much more punctual. The objective of this work is to compare the soil samples and an airborne survey to investigate whether these two datasets reflect the same spatial patterns or not. This is prerequisite for combining the multiresolution data to create and update the contamination map in a post-accidental situation. The analyses were performed on square tiles of 20 km side to study large-and small-dimension variations in 137 Cs concentration. The former was modelled by fitting a plane (called trend) to the georeferenced data points; and the latter was modelled by computing the difference (called residual) between the trend and the initial data. Dip direction and dip angle of trends as well as minimum spatial correlation distance and anisotropy of residuals were computed for both the soil and airborne datasets and compared. Dip directions are compatible in 73% of the tiles and dip angles are generally close. Anisotropy directions are compatible in 49% of the tiles and minimum spatial correlation distances are significantly more marked for the airborne dataset. The soil samples and airborne measurements are therefore more in agreement in large-dimension (trend) rather than in small-dimension (residual) variations. More generally, both the datasets allow highlighting the main contamination plumes distinguishable because of high concentration values. The airborne dataset yet appears to be more powerful to quantify spatial correlations, which could be linked to the contamination mechanisms.
Published: 2019

31. Microscopic theory of spin transport at the interface between a superconductor and a ferromagnetic insulator

Author: Takeo Kato, Jérôme Rech, Thibaut Jonckheere, Mamoru Matsuo, Thomas Martin, Yuichi Ohnuma, Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China, CPT - E6 Nanophysique, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Thermal equilibrium, Superconductivity, Spin pumping, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, Temperature gradient, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Ferromagnetism, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Thermoelectric effect, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Microscopic theory, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract: We theoretically investigate spin transport at the interface between the ferromagnetic insulator(FI) and a superconductor(SC). Considering a simple FI-SC interface model, we derive formulas for the spin current and spin-current noise induced by microwave irradiation (spin pumping) or the temperature gradient (the spin Seebeck effect). We show how the superconducting coherence factor affects the temperature dependence of the spin current. We also calculate the spin-current noise in thermal equilibrium and in non-equilibrium states induced by the spin pumping, and compare them quantitatively for an yttrium-iron-garnet-NbN interface., 9 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2019

32. Cometary Plasma Science -- A White Paper in response to the Voyage 2050 Call by the European Space Agency

Author: Götz, Charlotte, Gunell, Herber, Volwerk, Martin, Beth, Arnaud, Eriksson, Anders, Galand, Marina, Henri, Pierre, Nilsson, Hans, Simon Wedlund, Cyril, Alho, Markku, Andersson, Laila, Andre, Nicolas, De Keyser, Johan, Deca, Jan, Ge, Yasong, Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz, Hajra, Rajkumar, Karlsson, Tomas, Kasahara, Satoshi, Kolmasova, Kristie, Llera, Ivana, Madanian, Hadi, Mann, Ingrid, Mazelle, Christian, Odelstad, Elias, Plaschke, Ferdinand, Rubin, Martin, Sánchez‐Cano, Beatriz, Snodgrass, Colin, Vigren, Erik, Technische Universität Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Institut für Weltraumforschung [Graz] (IWF), Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Imperial collegeLondon, Centre for Environmental Policy, Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Kiruna] (IRF), Aalto University, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), National Atmospheric Research Laboratory [Tirupathi] (NARL), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), University of Tokyo [Kashiwa Campus], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] (SwRI), Universität Bern [Bern], Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Institut für Weltraumforschung = Space Research institute [Graz] (IWF), Imperial College London, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Atmospheric Research Laboratory [Tirupati] (NARL), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), University of Iowa [Iowa City], The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), University of Leicester, University of Edinburgh, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics::Space Physics, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: International audience; Comets hold the key to the understanding of our solar system, its formation and its evolution, and to the fundamental plasma processes at work both in it and beyond it. A comet nucleus emits gas as it is heated by the sunlight. The gas forms the coma, where it is ionised, becomes a plasma and eventually interacts with the solar wind. Besides these neutral and ionised gases, the coma also contains dust grains, released from the comet nucleus. As a cometary atmosphere develops when the comet travels through the solar system, large-scale structures, such as the plasma boundaries, develop and disappear, while at planets such large-scale structures are only accessible in their fully grown, quasi-steady state. In situ measurements at comets enable us to learn both how such large-scale structures are formed or reformed and how small-scale processes in the plasma affect the formation and properties of these large scale structures. Furthermore, a comet goes through a wide range of parameter regimes during its life cycle, where either collisional processes, involving neutrals and charged particles, or collisionless processes are at play, and might even compete in complicated transitional regimes. Thus a comet presents a unique opportunity to study this parameter space, from an asteroid-like to a Mars- and Venus-like interaction. Fast flybys of comets have made many new discoveries, setting the stage for a multi-spacecraft mission to accompany a comet on its journey through the solar system. This white paper reviews the present-day knowledge of cometary plasmas, discusses the many questions that remain unanswered, and outlines a multi-spacecraft ESA mission to accompany a comet that will answer these questions by combining both multi-spacecraft observations and a rendezvous mission, and at the same time advance our understanding of fundamental plasma physics and its role in planetary systems.
Published: 2019

33. Genome sequence of the euryhaline Javafish medaka, Oryzias javanicus: a small aquarium fish model for studies on adaptation to salinity

Author: Amaury Herpin, Manfred Schartl, Shigeki Yasumasu, Cédric Cabau, Koji Inoue, Margot Zahm, Kiyoshi Naruse, Céline Roques, Célia Barrachina, Cécile Donnadieu, Yusuke Takehana, Christophe Klopp, Yann Guiguen, Mari Kawaguchi, Chuya Shinzato, Olivier Bouchez, Laurent Journot, Satoshi Ansai, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Génome et Transcriptome - Plateforme Génomique (GeT-PlaGe), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle - Montpellier GenomiX (IGF MGX), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-BioCampus (BCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sophia University, Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology [Okazaki], Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Developmental Biochemistry, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital, Hagler Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University System, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Hunan Normal University (HNU), This work was supported by a 'Projet Incitatif PHASE department 2015' grant (Grant ID ACI_PHASE, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique) to AH, a NIBB Collaborative Research Initiative to KN, NIBB individual Collaboration Research Project to MK, and Grants-in-Aid for Young Scientists to YT (Grant ID 16K18590) and MK (Grant ID 16K18593). The GeT and MGX core facilities were supported by France Génomique National infrastructure, funded as partof 'Investissement d’avenir' program managed by Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (contract ANR-10-INBS-09). The GeT core facility was also supported by the 409 GET-PACBIO program (« Programme operationnel FEDER-FSE MIDI-PYRENEES ET GARONNE 2014-2020 »), ANR-10-INBS-0009,France-Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010), ANR-16-COFA-0004,AquaCrispr,Optimization of the CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in technology and application in salmon and trout(2016), ProdInra, Migration, Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique - - France-Génomique2010 - ANR-10-INBS-0009 - INBS - VALID, Optimization of the CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in technology and application in salmon and trout - - AquaCrispr2016 - ANR-16-COFA-0004 - COFA - VALID, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génome et Transcriptome - Plateforme Génomique, Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg [Wurtzbourg, Allemagne] (JMU), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Hunan Normal University, This work was supported by a 'Projet Incitatif PHASE department 2015' grant (Grant ID ACI_PHASE, INRAE) to AH, a NIBB Collaborative Research Initiative to KN, NIBB individual Collaboration Research Project to MK, and Grants-in-Aid for Young Scientists to YT (Grant ID 16K18590) and MK (Grant ID 16K18593). AH was additionally funded by the project AquaCRISPR (ANR-16-COFA-0004-01). The GeT and MGX core facilities were supported by France Génomique National infrastructure, funded as part of 'Investissement d’avenir' program managed by Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (contract ANR-10-INBS-09). The GeT core facility was also supported by the GET-PACBIO program (« Programme opérationnel FEDER-FSE Midi-Pyrénées et Garonne 2014-2020 »), ANR-10- INBS0009,INBS,France-Génomique, Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), This work was supported by a 'Projet Incitatif PHASE department 2015' grant (Grant ID ACI_PHASE, INRAE) to AH, a NIBB Collaborative Research Initiative to KN, NIBB individual Collaboration Research Project to MK, and Grants-in-Aid for Young Scientists to YT (Grant ID 16K18590) and MK (Grant ID 16K18593). AH was additionally funded by the project AquaCRISPR (ANR-16-COFA-0004-01). The GeT and MGX core facilities were supported by France Génomique National infrastructure, funded as part of 'Investissement d’avenir' program managed by Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (contract ANR-10-INBS-09). The GeT core facility was also supported by the GET-PACBIO program (« Programme operationnel FEDER-FSE MIDI-PYRENEES ET GARONNE 2014-2020 »), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), and Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Salinity, carte génétique, Evolution, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], séquençage du génome complet, Sequence assembly, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.GEN.GA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, QH426-470, Long reads, [INFO] Computer Science [cs], 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genome, identification de gènes, adaptation comportementale, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic map, Genome editing, poisson, Genetics, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], 14. Life underwater, adrianichthyidae, Adaptation, 030304 developmental biology, Whole genome sequencing, tolérance à la salinité, 0303 health sciences, whole genome sequencing, Whole genome sequencing WGS, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Phylogenetic tree, biology, Euryhaline, biology.organism_classification, Medaka, osmorégulation, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, espèce modèle, séquençage du génome, eau de mer, Evolutionary biology, Oryzias javanicus, Transcriptome
Abstract: BackgroundThe genus Oryzias is constituted of 35 medaka-fish species each exhibiting various ecological, morphological and physiological peculiarities and adaptations. Beyond of being a comprehensive phylogenetic group for studying intra-genus evolution of several traits like sex determination, behaviour, morphology or adaptation through comparative genomic approaches, all medaka species share many advantages of experimental model organisms including small size and short generation time, transparent embryos and genome editing tools for reverse and forward genetic studies. The Java medaka, Oryzias javanicus, is one of the two species of medaka perfectly adapted for living in brackish/sea-waters. Being an important component of the mangrove ecosystem, O. javanicus is also used as a valuable marine test-fish for ecotoxicology studies. Here, we sequenced and assembled the whole genome of O. javanicus, and anticipate this resource will be catalytic for a wide range of comparative genomic, phylogenetic and functional studies.FindingsComplementary sequencing approaches including long-read technology and data integration with a genetic map allowed the final assembly of 908 Mbp of the O. javanicus genome. Further analyses estimate that the O. javanicus genome contains 33% of repeat sequences and has a heterozygosity of 0.96%. The achieved draft assembly contains 525 scaffolds with a total length of 809.7 Mbp, a N50 of 6.3 Mbp and a L50 of 37 scaffolds. We identified 21454 expressed transcripts for a total transcriptome size of 57, 146, 583 bps.ConclusionsWe provide here a high-quality draft genome assembly of the euryhaline Javafish medaka, and give emphasis on the evolutionary adaptation to salinity.
Published: 2019

34. The penultimate deglaciation: protocol for Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) phase 4 transient numerical simulations between 140 and 127 ka, version 1.0

Author: Philip L. Gibbard, Amaelle Landais, Feng He, Emilie Capron, Xu Zhang, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Kenji Kawamura, Ikumi Oyabu, Masa Kageyama, Lev Tarasov, Laurie Menviel, Eric W. Wolff, Lauren Gregoire, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Russell N. Drysdale, Andrea Dutton, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Aline Govin, Polychronis C Tzedakis, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Climat et Magnétisme (CLIMAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], Center for Climate System Research [Kashiwa] (CCSR), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), University of Melbourne, Nanchang Hangkong University, Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Wolff, Eric [0000-0002-5914-8531], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Memorial University of Newfoundland = Université Memorial de Terre-Neuve [St. John's, Canada] (MUN)
Subjects: 13 Climate Action, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Orbital forcing, lcsh:QE1-996.5, 37 Earth Sciences, 3705 Geology, Last Glacial Maximum, Meltwater pulse 1A, General Medicine, 3709 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Geology, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project, Climatology, Interglacial, Deglaciation, Ice sheet, Meltwater, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The penultimate deglaciation (PDG, ∼138–128 thousand years before present, hereafter ka) is the transition from the penultimate glacial maximum (PGM) to the Last Interglacial (LIG, ∼129–116 ka). The LIG stands out as one of the warmest interglacials of the last 800 000 years (hereafter kyr), with high-latitude temperature warmer than today and global sea level likely higher by at least 6 m. Considering the transient nature of the Earth system, the LIG climate and ice-sheet evolution were certainly influenced by the changes occurring during the penultimate deglaciation. It is thus important to investigate, with coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs), the climate and environmental response to the large changes in boundary conditions (i.e. orbital configuration, atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, ice-sheet geometry and associated meltwater fluxes) occurring during the penultimate deglaciation. A deglaciation working group has recently been set up as part of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) phase 4, with a protocol to perform transient simulations of the last deglaciation (19–11 ka; although the protocol covers 26–0 ka). Similar to the last deglaciation, the disintegration of continental ice sheets during the penultimate deglaciation led to significant changes in the oceanic circulation during Heinrich Stadial 11 (∼136–129 ka). However, the two deglaciations bear significant differences in magnitude and temporal evolution of climate and environmental changes. Here, as part of the Past Global Changes (PAGES)-PMIP working group on Quaternary interglacials (QUIGS), we propose a protocol to perform transient simulations of the penultimate deglaciation under the auspices of PMIP4. This design includes time-varying changes in orbital forcing, greenhouse gas concentrations, continental ice sheets as well as freshwater input from the disintegration of continental ice sheets. This experiment is designed for AOGCMs to assess the coupled response of the climate system to all forcings. Additional sensitivity experiments are proposed to evaluate the response to each forcing. Finally, a selection of paleo-records representing different parts of the climate system is presented, providing an appropriate benchmark for upcoming model–data comparisons across the penultimate deglaciation.
Published: 2019

35. HDO and SO2 thermal mapping on Venus. IV. Statistical analysis of the SO2 plumes

Author: Emmanuel Marcq, T. Encrenaz, Franck Lefèvre, T. Fouchet, Yeon Joo Lee, Shigeto Watanabe, Hideo Sagawa, Thomas Widemann, Rohini Giles, Sushil K. Atreya, Thomas K. Greathouse, B. Bézard, Sébastien Lebonnois, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Kyoto Sangyo University, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Planetary Science Laboratory [Ann Arbor] (PSL), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, University of Tokyo [Kashiwa Campus], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Hokkaido Information University, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IMPEC - LATMOS, and École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
Subjects: Physics, planets and satellites: atmospheres, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Equator, Imaging spectrometer, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Venus, Astrophysics, Noon, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, planets and satellites: terrestrial planets, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Local time, 0103 physical sciences, Mixing ratio, Longitude, infrared: planetary systems, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Since January 2012 we have been monitoring the behavior of sulfur dioxide and water on Venus, using the Texas Echelon Cross-Echelle Spectrograph (TEXES) imaging spectrometer at the NASA InfraRed Telescope Facility (IRTF, Mauna Kea Observatory). We present here the observations obtained between January 2016 and September 2018. As in the case of our previous runs, data were recorded around 1345 cm−1 (7.4 μm). The molecules SO2, CO2, and HDO (used as a proxy for H2O) were observed, and the cloudtop of Venus was probed at an altitude of about 64 km. The volume mixing ratio of SO2 was estimated using the SO2/CO2 line depth ratios of weak transitions; the H2O volume mixing ratio was derived from the HDO/CO2 line depth ratio, assuming a D/H ratio of 200 times the Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW). As reported in our previous analyses, the SO2 mixing ratio shows strong variations with time and also over the disk, showing evidence of the formation of SO2 plumes with a lifetime of a few hours; in contrast, the H2O abundance is remarkably uniform over the disk and shows moderate variations as a function of time. We performed a statistical analysis of the behavior of the SO2 plumes, using all TEXES data between 2012 and 2018. They appear mostly located around the equator. Their distribution as a function of local time seems to show a depletion around noon; we do not have enough data to confirm this feature definitely. The distribution of SO2 plumes as a function of longitude shows no clear feature, apart from a possible depletion around 100E–150E and around 300E–360E. There seems to be a tendency for the H2O volume mixing ratio to decrease after 2016, and for the SO2 mixing ratio to increase after 2014. However, we see no clear anti-correlation between the SO2 and H2O abundances at the cloudtop, neither on the individual maps nor over the long term. Finally, there is a good agreement between the TEXES results and those obtained in the UV range (SPICAV/Venus Express and UVI/Akatsuki) at a slightly higher altitude. This agreement shows that SO2 observations obtained in the thermal infrared can be used to extend the local time coverage of the SO2 measurements obtained in the UV range.
Published: 2019

36. A comprehensive global oceanic dataset of helium isotope and tritium measurements

Author: Reiner Schlitzer, Wolfgang Roether, Scott C. Doney, Rana A. Fine, Robert M. Key, Peter Schlosser, Philippe Jean-Baptiste, Toshitaka Gamo, Robert Newton, Yuji Sano, Birgit Klein, William J. Jenkins, Michaela Fendrock, John E. Lupton, James H. Swift, Monika Rhein, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables], Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: lcsh:GE1-350, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Ocean current, chemistry.chemical_element, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Geology, Neon, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Water temperature, Data quality, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Tritium, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Isotopes of helium, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Helium, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Tritium and helium isotope data provide key information on ocean circulation, ventilation, and mixing, as well as the rates of biogeochemical processes and deep-ocean hydrothermal processes. We present here global oceanic datasets of tritium and helium isotope measurements made by numerous researchers and laboratories over a period exceeding 60 years. The dataset's DOI is https://doi.org/10.25921/c1sn-9631, and the data are available at https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ocads/data/0176626.xml (last access: 15 March 2019) or alternately http://odv.awi.de/data/ocean/jenkins-tritium-helium-data-compilation/ (last access: 13 March 2019) and includes approximately 60 000 valid tritium measurements, 63 000 valid helium isotope determinations, 57 000 dissolved helium concentrations, and 34 000 dissolved neon concentrations. Some quality control has been applied in that questionable data have been flagged and clearly compromised data excluded entirely. Appropriate metadata have been included, including geographic location, date, and sample depth. When available, we include water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. Data quality flags and data originator information (including methodology) are also included. This paper provides an introduction to the dataset along with some discussion of its broader qualities and graphics.
Published: 2019

37. Asynchrony between Antarctic temperature and CO$_2$ associated with obliquity over the past 720,000 years

Author: Makoto Igarashi, Jean Jouzel, Keisuke Suzuki, Koji Fujita, Takayuki Kuramoto, Ryu Uemura, Shinichiro Horikawa, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Takayuki Miyake, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Kenji Kawamura, Shuji Fujita, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Hideaki Motoyama, Toshitaka Suzuki, Yoshiyuki Fujii, Kumiko Goto-Azuma, Yoshinori Iizuka, Hiroshi Ohno, University of the Ryukyus [Okinawa], National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, japan (SOKENDAI), Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, Center for Climate System Research [Kashiwa] (CCSR), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Institute of Low Temperature Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Shinshu University [Nagano], Graduate School of Science and Engineering [Yamagata], Yamagata University, ANR-07-BLAN-0125,DOME A,Dome A : Observation et Modélisation d'un Environnement extrême en Antarctique(2007), ANR-14-CE01-0001,ASUMA,Amélioration de la précision de l'estimation de bilan de masse de surface en Antarctique(2014), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Lag, Science, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, General Physics and Astronomy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Proxy (climate), Carbon cycle, Ice core, 14. Life underwater, Glacial period, lcsh:Science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, Ocean current, General Chemistry, Phase lag, Sea surface temperature, 13. Climate action, Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Q, Geology
Abstract: The δD temperature proxy in Antarctic ice cores varies in parallel with CO2 through glacial cycles. However, these variables display a puzzling asynchrony. Well-dated records of Southern Ocean temperature will provide crucial information because the Southern Ocean is likely key in regulating CO2 variations. Here, we perform multiple isotopic analyses on an Antarctic ice core and estimate temperature variations at this site and in the oceanic moisture source over the past 720,000 years, which extend the longest records by 300,000 years. Antarctic temperature is affected by large variations in local insolation that are induced by obliquity. At the obliquity periodicity, the Antarctic and ocean temperatures lag annual mean insolation. Further, the magnitude of the phase lag is minimal during low eccentricity periods, suggesting that secular changes in the global carbon cycle and the ocean circulation modulate the phase relationship among temperatures, CO2 and insolation in the obliquity frequency band.
Published: 2018

38. Biochemical characterization of the skeletal matrix of the massive coral, Porites australiensis - The saccharide moieties and their localization

Author: Nicolas Brosse, Isabelle Ziegler-Devin, Takeshi Takeuchi, Noriyuki Satoh, Laurent Plasseraud, Chuya Shinzato, Frédéric Marin, Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne [Dijon] (ICMUB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Matériau Bois (LERMAB), Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Marine Bioscience [Chiba], Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Study supported by internal funds from the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST).
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Biomineralization, Glycan, Coral, Matrix (biology), Polysaccharide, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Calcium Carbonate, 03 medical and health sciences, Calcification, Physiologic, Saccharide, Structural Biology, Monosaccharide, Animals, 14. Life underwater, [SDV.IB.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Biomaterials, Skeleton, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Skeletal organic matrix, Lectin, Proteins, Anthozoa, Skeleton (computer programming), Porites australiensis, Extracellular Matrix, 030104 developmental biology, Biochemistry, chemistry, biology.protein, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Crystallization
Abstract: 11 pages; International audience; To construct calcium carbonate skeletons of sophisticated architecture, scleractinian corals secrete an extracellular skeletal organic matrix (SOM) from aboral ectodermal cells. The SOM, which is composed of proteins, saccharides, and lipids, performs functions critical for skeleton formation. Even though polysaccharides constitute the major component of the SOM, its contribution to coral skeleton formation is poorly understood. To this end, we analyzed the SOM of the massive colonial coral, Porites australiensis, the skeleton of which has drawn great research interest because it records environmental conditions throughout the life of the colony. The coral skeleton was extensively cleaned, decalcified with acetic acid, and organic fractions were separated based on solubility. These fractions were analyzed using various techniques, including SDS-PAGE, FT-IR, in vitro crystallization, CHNS analysis, chromatography analysis of monosaccharide and enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA). We confirmed the acidic nature of SOM and the presence of sulphate, which is thought to initiate CaCO3 crystallization. In order to analyze glycan structures, we performed ELLA on the soluble SOM for the first time and found that it exhibits strong specificity to Datura stramonium lectin (DSL). Furthermore, using biotinylated DSL with anti-biotin antibody conjugated to nanogold, in situ localization of DSL-binding polysaccharides in the P. australiensis skeleton was performed. Signals were distributed on the surfaces of fiber-like crystals of the skeleton, suggesting that polysaccharides may modulate crystal shape. Our study emphasizes the importance of sugar moieties in biomineralization of scleractinian corals.
Published: 2018

39. Image processing for precise three-dimensional registration and stitching of thick high-resolution laser-scanning microscopy image stacks

Author: Carole Frindel, Chloé Murtin, Kei Ito, David Rousseau, Rayet, Béatrice, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics Department of Molecular Biology Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences Japon (LMG), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences [Kashiwa], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé (CREATIS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Images et Modèles, Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes (LARIS), Université d'Angers (UA), Institut für Zoologie, Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences and CREST Program by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)/Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Universität zu Köln
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Registration, Computer science, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Scale-invariant feature transform, Health Informatics, Image processing, Translation (geometry), Image stitching, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Stack (abstract data type), Computer graphics (images), SIFT, Animals, Computer vision, Computer Simulation, [SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Microscopy, Confocal, business.industry, Brain, Connectomics, Laser-scanning microscopy, Sample (graphics), Computer Science Applications, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Stitching, Drosophila, Artificial intelligence, Noise (video), business, Rotation (mathematics), [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Algorithms
Abstract: International audience; The possible depth of imaging of laser-scanning microscopy is limited not only by the working distances of objective lenses but also by image degradation caused by attenuation and diffraction of light passing through the specimen. To tackle this problem, one can either flip the sample to record images from both sides of the specimen or consecutively cut off shallow parts of the sample after taking serial images of certain thickness. Multiple image substacks acquired in these ways should be combined afterwards to generate a single stack. However, subtle movements of samples during image acquisition cause mismatch not only in the translation along x-, y-, and z-axes and rotation around z-axis but also tilting around x-and y-axes, making it difficult to register the substacks precisely. In this work, we developed a novel approach called 2D-SIFT-in-3D-Space using Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) to achieve robust three-dimensional matching of image substacks. Our method registers the substacks by separately fixing translation and rotation along x-, y-, and z-axes, through extraction and matching of stable features across two-dimensional sections of the 3D stacks. To validate the quality of registration, we developed a simulator of laser-scanning microscopy images to generate a virtual stack in which noise levels and rotation angles are controlled with known parameters. We illustrate quantitatively the performance of our approach by registering an entire brain of Drosophila melanogaster consisting of 800 sections. Our approach is also demonstrated to be extendable to other types of data that share large dimensions and need of fine registration of multiple image substacks. This method is implemented in Java and distributed as ImageJ/Fiji plugin. The source code is available via Github (http://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/site7/fr/MicroTools).
Published: 2018

40. Volcanic influence of Mt. Fuji on the watershed of Lake Motosu and its impact on the lacustrine sedimentary record

Author: Jacqueline Vander Auwera, Laura Lamair, Yusuke Yokoyama, Masanobu Shishikura, Shinya Yamamoto, Atsunori Nakamura, Yosuke Miyairi, Osamu Fujiwara, Marc De Batist, Evelien Boes, Sabine Schmidt, Meriam El Ouahabi, Vanessa M.A. Heyvaert, Stephen P Obrochta, Aurélia Hubert-Ferrari, Giuseppe Siani, University of Liege (Department of Geography), Dpt VII: Geological Survey of Belgium, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Mount Fuji Research Institute, Yamanashi Prefectural Government, Akita University, Ghent University, Department of Geology, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Gent, Belgium., Geological Survey of Japan, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), and The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Stratigraphy, Sediment, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Sedimentation, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Deposition (geology), Turbidite, Sedimentary depositional environment, Volcano, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Sedimentary rock, 14. Life underwater, Geomorphology, Holocene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Lacustrine sediments are particularly sensitive to modifications within the lake catchment. In a volcanic area, sedimentation rates are directly affected by the history of the volcano and its eruptions. Here, we investigate the impact of Mt. Fuji Volcano (Japan) on Lake Motosu and its watershed. The lacustrine infill is studied by combining seismic reflection profiles and sediment cores. We show evidence of changes in sedimentation patterns during the depositional history of Lake Motosu. The frequency of large mass-transport deposits recorded within the lake decreases over the Holocene. Before ~ 8000 cal yr BP, large sublacustrine landslides and turbidites were filling the lacustrine depression. After 8000 cal yr BP, only one large sublacustrine landslide was recorded. The change in sedimentation pattern coincides with a change in sediment accumulation rate. Over the last 8000 cal yr BP, the sediment accumulation rate was not sufficient enough to produce large sublacustrine slope failures. Consequently, the frequency of large mass-transport deposits decreased and only turbidites resulting from surficial slope reworking occurred. These constitute the main sedimentary infill of the deep basin. We link the change in sediment accumulation rate with (i) climate and vegetation changes; and (ii) the Mt. Fuji eruptions which affected the Lake Motosu watershed by reducing its size and strongly modified its topography. Moreover, this study highlights that the deposition of turbidites in the deep basin of Lake Motosu is mainly controlled by the paleobathymetry of the lakefloor. Two large mass-transport deposits, occurring around ~ 8000 cal yr BP and ~ 2000 cal yr BP respectively, modified the paleobathymetry of the lakefloor and therefore changed the turbidite depositional pattern of Lake Motosu.
Published: 2018

41. Advanced capabilities for materials modelling with Quantum ESPRESSO

Author: Martin Schlipf, Mitsuaki Kawamura, Emine Kucukbenli, M. Marsili, Matteo Cococcioni, Matteo Calandra, Xifan Wu, Huy-Viet Nguyen, Feliciano Giustino, Oliviero Andreussi, Guido Fratesi, Iurii Timrov, Paolo Giannozzi, Alexander Smogunov, Carlo Cavazzoni, Thomas Brumme, Tommaso Gorni, Nicola Marzari, Lorenzo Paulatto, Roberto Car, Giorgia Fugallo, Junteng Jia, Dario Rocca, Ngoc Linh Nguyen, Nicola Colonna, A. Dal Corso, Ivan Carnimeo, Anton Kokalj, Stefano Baroni, Alberto Otero-de-la-Roza, Uwe Gerstmann, Ari P. Seitsonen, Timo Thonhauser, M. Buongiorno Nardelli, Ralph Gebauer, Riccardo Sabatini, Samuel Poncé, Pietro Delugas, Oana Bunau, Francesco Mauri, Hsin-Yu Ko, Michele Lazzeri, Nathalie Vast, Andrea Ferretti, Robert A. DiStasio, Biswajit Santra, S. de Gironcoli, Paolo Umari, Andrea Floris, Davide Ceresoli, Università degli Studi di Udine - University of Udine [Italie], Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of North Texas (UNT), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Princeton Environmental Institute [Princeton University] (PEI), Princeton University, CINECA [Bologna], CNR, ISTM, Ist Sci & Tecnol Mol, I-20133 Milan, Italy, SISSA MathLab [Trieste], CNR-IOM DEMOCRITOS, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati / International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA / ISAS), Cornell University [New York], Centro S3, Istituto Nanoscienze [Modena] (CNR NANO), Computational Physics Group, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Lincoln, ., Computational Physics Group, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Lincoln, Dipartimento di Fisica (Milano), Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), ETSF, Palaiseau, France, affiliation inconnue, Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics [Trieste] (ICTP), University of Paderborn, Department of Materials, University of Oxford [Oxford], Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan., Department of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Dipartimento di Fisica [Roma], Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Department of Chemistry [Okanagan] (UBC Chemistry), University of British Columbia (UBC), Department of Materials, Oxford, University of Oxford [Oxford]-University of Oxford [Oxford], Université de Lorraine (UL), Orionis Biosciences, Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Institut für Chemie [Zürich], Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Groupe Modélisation et Théorie (GMT), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ÉcolePolytechniqueFédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental, Wake Forest School of Medicine [Winston-Salem], Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés (LSI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA (TEMPLE UNIVERSITY), Department of Physics, Temple University [Philadelphia], Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Temple University [Philadelphia], Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Institute of Geophysics (Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology ), European Project: 676598,H2020,H2020-EINFRA-2015-1,MaX(2015), European Project: 676531,H2020,H2020-EINFRA-2015-1,E-CAM(2015), Universität Leipzig, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), University of Oxford, University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: density-functional perturbation theory, density-functional theory, frst-principles simulations, many-body perturbation theory, Materials Science (all), Condensed Matter Physics, Interoperability, 02 engineering and technology, molecular-dynamics simulation, DFT, 01 natural sciences, functional-perturbation theory, F321 Solid state Physics, F342 Quantum Mechanics, Software, augmented-wave, General Materials Science, Density-functional theory, first-principles simulations, generalized gradient approximation, localized wannier functions, inhomogeneous electron-gas, ab-initio calculation, method, tight-binding bands, greens function, atomic environment, Quantum, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Suite, rst-principles simulations, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Variety (cybernetics), Computer engineering, Density-Functional Perturbation Theory, Density-Functional Theory, First-principles simulations, Many-body Perturbation Theory, F320 Chemical Physics, 0210 nano-technology, Materials science, F300 Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Settore FIS/03 - Fisica della Materia, 0103 physical sciences, F200 Materials Science, 010306 general physics, business.industry, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Quantum ESPRESSO, Modular programming, F100 Chemistry, F343 Computational Physics, Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics), business
Abstract: Quantum ESPRESSO is an integrated suite of open-source computer codes for quantum simulations of materials using state-of-the art electronic-structure techniques, based on density-functional theory, density-functional perturbation theory, and many-body perturbation theory, within the plane-wave pseudo-potential and projector-augmented-wave approaches. Quantum ESPRESSO owes its popularity to the wide variety of properties and processes it allows to simulate, to its performance on an increasingly broad array of hardware architectures, and to a community of researchers that rely on its capabilities as a core open-source development platform to implement theirs ideas. In this paper we describe recent extensions and improvements, covering new methodologies and property calculators, improved parallelization, code modularization, and extended interoperability both within the distribution and with external software., Comment: Psi-k highlight September 2017: psi-k.net/dowlnload/highlights/Highlight_137.pdf; J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, accepted
Published: 2017

42. Structural controls on fluid circulation at the Caviahue-Copahue Volcanic Complex (CCVC) geothermal area (Chile-Argentina), revealed by soil CO 2 and temperature, self-potential, and helium isotopes

Author: Stéphanie Barde-Cabusson, Federico de la Cal, Francisco Bravo, Daniele Tardani, Carlos Esteban, Carlos Muñoz, Diego Morata, Yuji Sano, Daniele L. Pinti, Marcela Pizarro, Emilie Roulleau, Naoto Takahata, Juan Sanchez, Andean Geothermal Center of Excellence (CEGA), Universidad de Chile, Department of Geology, Universidad de Chile, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Fisica Teorica, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Earth science, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Fumarole, Hydrothermal circulation, Tectonics, Geophysics, Volcano, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Magma, Meteoric water, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Caldera, Petrology, Geothermal gradient, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Natural geothermal systems are limited areas characterized by anomalously high heat flow caused by recent tectonic or magmatic activity. The heat source at depth is the result of the emplacement of magma bodies, controlled by the regional volcano-tectonic setting. In contrast, at a local scale a well-developed fault-fracture network favors the development of hydrothermal cells, and promotes the vertical advection of fluids and heat. The Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ), straddling Chile and Argentina, has an important, yet unexplored and undeveloped geothermal potential. Studies on the lithological and tectonic controls of the hydrothermal circulation are therefore important for a correct assessment of the geothermal potential of the region. Here, new and dense self-potential (SP), soil CO 2 and temperature (T) measurements, and helium isotope data measured in fumaroles and thermal springs from the geothermal area located in the north-eastern flank of the Copahue volcanic edifice, within the Caviahue Caldera (the Caviahue-Copahue Volcanic Complex - CCVC) are presented. Our results allowed to the constraint of the structural origin of the active thermal areas and the understanding of the evolution of the geothermal system. NE-striking faults in the area, characterized by a combination of SP, CO 2 , and T maxima and high 3 He/ 4 He ratios (up to 8.16 ± 0.21Ra, whereas atmospheric Ra is 1.382 × 10 − 6 ), promote the formation of vertical permeability preferential pathways for fluid circulation. WNW-striking faults represent low-permeability pathways for hydrothermal fluid ascent, but promote infiltration of meteoric water at shallow depths, which dilute the hydrothermal input. The region is scattered with SP, CO 2 , and T minima, representing self-sealed zones characterized by impermeable altered rocks at depth, which create local barriers for fluid ascent. The NE-striking faults seem to be associated with the upflowing zones of the geothermal system, where the boiling process produces a high vapor-dominated zone close to the surface, whereas the WNW-striking faults could act as a boundary of the Copahue geothermal area to the south.
Published: 2017

43. Evaluating the skills of isotope-enabled general circulation models against in situ atmospheric water vapor isotope observations

Author: Steen-Larsen, H., Risi, C., Werner, M., Yoshimura, K., Masson-Delmotte, V., Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Alfred Wegener Institute [Potsdam], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), IT University of Copenhagen, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The skills of isotope-enabled general circulation models are evaluated against atmospheric water vapor isotopes. We have combined in situ observations of surface water vapor isotopes spanning multiple field seasons (2010, 2011, and 2012) from the top of the Greenland Ice Sheet (NEEM site: 77.45°N, 51.05°W, 2484 m above sea level) with observations from the marine boundary layer of the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean (Bermuda Islands 32.26°N, 64.88°W, year: 2012; south coast of Iceland 63.83°N, 21.47°W, year: 2012; South Greenland 61.21°N, 47.17°W, year: 2012; Svalbard 78.92°N, 11.92°E, year: 2014). This allows us to benchmark the ability to simulate the daily water vapor isotope variations from five different simulations using isotope-enabled general circulation models. Our model-data comparison documents clear isotope biases both on top of the Greenland Ice Sheet (1–11‰ for δ18O and 4–19‰ for d-excess depending on model and season) and in the marine boundary layer (maximum differences for the following: Bermuda δ18O = ~1‰, d-excess = ~3‰; South coast of Iceland δ18O = ~2‰, d-excess = ~ 5‰; South Greenland δ18O = ~4‰, d-excess = ~7‰; Svalbard δ18O = ~2‰, d-excess = ~7‰). We find that the simulated isotope biases are not just explained by simulated biases in temperature and humidity. Instead, we argue that these isotope biases are related to a poor simulation of the spatial structure of the marine boundary layer water vapor isotopic composition. Furthermore, we specifically show that the marine boundary layer water vapor isotopes of the Baffin Bay region show strong influence on the water vapor isotopes at the NEEM deep ice core-drilling site in northwest Greenland. Our evaluation of the simulations using isotope-enabled general circulation models also documents wide intermodel spatial variability in the Arctic. This stresses the importance of a coordinated water vapor isotope-monitoring network in order to discriminate amongst these model behaviors
Published: 2017

44. Tertiary evolution of the Shimanto belt (Japan): a large-scale collision in Early Miocene

Author: Raimbourg, Hugues, Famin, Vincent, Palazzin, Giulia, Yamaguchi, Asuka, Augier, Romain, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Géodynamique - UMR7327, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire GéoSciences Réunion (LGSR), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), European Project: 290864,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,RHEOLITH(2012), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract: International audience; To decipher the Miocene evolution of the Shimanto belt of southwestern Japan, structural and paleo-thermal studies we carried out in the western area of Shikoku Island. All units constituting the belt, both in its Cretaceous and Tertiary domains, are in average strongly dipping to the NW or SE, while shortening directions deduced from fault kinematics are consistently orientated NNW-SSE. Peak paleo-temperatures estimated with Raman spectra of organic matter increase strongly across the southern, Tertiary portion of the belt, in tandem with the development of a steeply-dipping metamorphic cleavage. Near the southern tip of Ashizuri Peninsula, the unconformity between accreted strata and fore-arc basin, present along the whole belt, corresponds to a large paleo-temperature gap, supporting the occurrence of a major collision in Early Miocene. This tectonic event occurred before the magmatic event that affected the whole belt at ~15 Ma. The associated shortening was accommodated in two opposite modes, either localized on regional-scale faults such as the Nobeoka Tectonic Line in Kyushu, or distributed through the whole belt as in Shikoku. The reappraisal of this collision leads to reinterpret large-scale seismic refraction profiles of the margins, where the unit underlying the modern accretionary prism is now attributed to an older package of deformed and accreted sedimentary units belonging to the Shimanto belt. When integrated into reconstructions of Philippine Sea Plate motion, the collision corresponds to the oblique collision of a paleo Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc with Japan in Early Miocene.
Published: 2017

45. The role of natural hazards and human activities on change of sedimentation patterns: The case of Lake Yamanaka (Fuji Five Lakes, Japan)

Author: Lamair, Laura, Hubert-Ferrari, Aurelia, El Ouahabi, Meriam, Yamamoto, Shinya, Develle, Anne-Lise, Schmidt, Sabine, Lepoint, Gilles, Boes, Evelien, Fujiwara, Osamu, Yokoyama, Yusuke, De Batist, Marc, Heyvaert, Vanessa M.A., Department of Geography, University of Liège, Clos Mercator 3, 4000 Liège, Belgium, Géomorphologie et géologie du Quaternaire, Université de Liège, Argiles, Géochimie et Environnements sédimentaires - AGES (Liège, Belgium) (AGEs), Graduate School of Information Systems, University of Electro-Communications [Tokyo] (UEC), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanologie - Centre MARE, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), RCMG, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), and Department of Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Mount Fuji, Hoei eruption, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, change, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Lake Yamanaka, Sedimentation, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract: International audience; The last eruption of Mt Fuji (Japan) occurred in A.D. 1707. The eruption lasted 16 days from 16 December 1707 to 1 January 1708 (Tsuya, 1955) and 1.8 km3 of volcanic materials were ejected in total (Miyaji et al., 2011). Lake Yamanaka, a very shallow lake (max. 14. 3 m depth) located at the foot of the east-north-eastern flank of Mt Fuji, was heavily impacted by the eruption. A thick scoria layer entirely covered the catchment of Lake Yamanaka. The thickness of the deposit varies from 5 to 37 cm around Lake Yamanaka and reaches up to 149 cm at the south-west extremity of the catchment (Miyaji et al., 2011). In order to study the influence of Hoei eruption on Lake Yamanaka, 5 gravity cores were taken during the 2014 QuakeRecNankai campaign. The Hoei scoria was present at the bottom of the one core and in the core catcher of the four other cores. High resolution magnetic susceptibility, XRD, XRF, LOI, C/N and 210Pb/137Cs analyses were performed on the gravity cores. The results shows three distinct periods of sedimentation: (1) From Hoei eruption to A.D. 1900; (2) From A.D. 1900 to A.D. 1990; (3) From A.D. 1990 to A.D. 2014. The first period is characterized by a very low sedimentation rate (~0.07 cm/yr). During this period, the sediments of the catchment were trapped below the thick Hoei scoria layer. However, peaks of terrigenous input are recorded. We link such detrical signals with violent typhoons that hit the Fuji Five Lakes region. The water from the heavy rains percolated through the porous thick scoria layer and saturated it. As a result, surface runoffs carried the sediments from the catchment into Lake Yamanaka. The second period (from A.D. 1900 to A.D. 1990) is defined by an increase of the sedimentation rate (~0.16 cm/yr). The development of soil and the agriculture (e.g. pastureland, rice field, mulberry plantations) reduced the impact of Hoei scoria. The terrigenous inputs are higher than previously but remained more or less constant during this period of time. As the thickness of the scoria layer is partially reduced or covered by new soil, rains triggered by smaller typhoons could drain the sediments from watershed and transport them into the lake. The most recent period representing the last 27 years is characterized by a very high sedimentation rate (~1.036 cm/yr). The transition between period 2 and period 3 corresponds to the development of mass tourism and the urbanization around Lake Yamanaka. It is marked by an increasing of atmospheric pollution (Pb, Zn). In the upper part of the cores, a peak of 137Cs is observed. Such peak is related to cesium fall-out after Fukushima incident in 2011. In addition to the fingerprint of human impact, the lake also record a terrigenous signal related to the 2007 Fitow typhoon which provoked damage in the area. This study highlights the influence of eruptions and typhoons on the sedimentation of Lake Yamanaka. In the present day, the sedimentation recovery after a major eruption is accelerated by human activity.
Published: 2017

46. Coupled multiferroic domain switching in the canted conical spin spiral system Mn2GeO4

Author: Michel Kenzelmann, Y. Murakami, Tetsuaki Kimura, Laurent Chapon, A. Fennell, B. Roessli, A. B. Harris, Takashi Honda, Oksana Zaharko, Jonathan S. White, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Condensed Matter Res Ctr, Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan, Osaka Univ, Div Mat Phys, Grad Sch Engn Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5608531, Japan, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LNS), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), ILL, Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Sci Dev & Novel Mat LDM, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland, and Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778561, Japan
Subjects: Magnetic domain, Science, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Magnetization, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, 0103 physical sciences, Multiferroics, 010306 general physics, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Multidisciplinary, Magnetic structure, Condensed matter physics, Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Condensed Matter::Other, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Ferroelectricity, Polarization density, Ferromagnetism, 0210 nano-technology, Spontaneous magnetization
Abstract: Despite remarkable progress in developing multifunctional materials, spin-driven ferroelectrics featuring both spontaneous magnetization and electric polarization are still rare. Among such ferromagnetic ferroelectrics are conical spin spiral magnets with a simultaneous reversal of magnetization and electric polarization that is still little understood. Such materials can feature various multiferroic domains that complicates their study. Here we study the multiferroic domains in ferromagnetic ferroelectric Mn$_{2}$GeO$_{4}$ using neutron diffraction, and show that it features a double-Q conical magnetic structure that, apart from trivial 180 degree commensurate magnetic domains, can be described by ferromagnetic and ferroelectric domains only. We show unconventional magnetoelectric couplings such as the magnetic-field-driven reversal of ferroelectric polarization with no change of spin-helicity, and present a phenomenological theory that successfully explains the magnetoelectric coupling. Our measurements establish Mn$_{2}$GeO$_{4}$ as a conceptually simple multiferroic in which the magnetic-field-driven flop of conical spin spirals leads to the simultaneous reversal of magnetization and electric polarization., Comment: 25+4 pages, 4+1 figures, 2+2 tables
Published: 2017

47. Hydrothermal impacts on trace element and isotope ocean biogeochemistry

Author: Reiner Schlitzer, Rachel A. Mills, Hajime Obata, Christopher R. German, Jean-Claude Dutay, Hannah Whitby, Lars-Eric Heimbürger, David Turner, Karen L. Casciotti, William J. Jenkins, Christopher I. Measures, Alessandro Tagliabue, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate observatory, CSIR, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, General Mathematics, Geotraces, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, General Physics and Astronomy, trace elements and isotopes, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Hydrothermal circulation, hydrothermal activity, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, General Engineering, Trace element, Biogeochemistry, Articles, ocean biogeochemistry, Seafloor spreading, Oceanography, GEOTRACES, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Thermohaline circulation, Oceanic basin, Research Article
Abstract: Hydrothermal activity occurs in all ocean basins, releasing high concentrations of key trace elements and isotopes (TEIs) into the oceans. Importantly, the calculated rate of entrainment of the entire ocean volume through turbulently mixing buoyant hydrothermal plumes is so vigorous as to be comparable to that of deep-ocean thermohaline circulation. Consequently, biogeochemical processes active within deep-ocean hydrothermal plumes have long been known to have the potential to impact global-scale biogeochemical cycles. More recently, new results from GEOTRACES have revealed that plumes rich in dissolved Fe, an important micronutrient that is limiting to productivity in some areas, are widespread above mid-ocean ridges and extend out into the deep-ocean interior. While Fe is only one element among the full suite of TEIs of interest to GEOTRACES, these preliminary results are important because they illustrate how inputs from seafloor venting might impact the global biogeochemical budgets of many other TEIs. To determine the global impact of seafloor venting, however, requires two key questions to be addressed: (i) What processes are active close to vent sites that regulate the initial high-temperature hydrothermal fluxes for the full suite of TEIs that are dispersed through non-buoyant hydrothermal plumes? (ii) How do those processes vary, globally, in response to changing geologic settings at the seafloor and/or the geochemistry of the overlying ocean water? In this paper, we review key findings from recent work in this realm, highlight a series of key hypotheses arising from that research and propose a series of new GEOTRACES modelling, section and process studies that could be implemented, nationally and internationally, to address these issues. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Biological and climatic impacts of ocean trace element chemistry’.
Published: 2016

48. Deformation processes at the down-dip limit of the seismogenic zone: The example of Shimanto accretionary complex

Author: Y Kusaba, Giulia Palazzin, Hugues Raimbourg, Vincent Famin, Laurent Jolivet, Asuka Yamaguchi, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Géodynamique - UMR7327, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire GéoSciences Réunion (LGSR), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Department of Earth and Planetary Science [Tokyo], Graduate School of Science [Tokyo], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), European Project: 290864,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,RHEOLITH(2012), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)
Subjects: Dislocation creep, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Recrystallization (geology), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Micro-cracks, Mineralogy, Brittle-ductile transition, Quartz, Deformation (meteorology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Pressure solution, Geophysics, Deformation mechanism, Seismogenic zone, Dynamic recrystallization, Deformation bands, Deformation processes, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: International audience; In order to constrain deformation processes close to the brittle-ductile transition in seismogenic zone, we have carried out a microstructural study in the Shimanto accretionary complex (Japan), the fossil equivalent of modern Nankai accretionary prisms. The Hyuga Tectonic Mélange was sheared along the plate interface at mean temperatures of 245 °C ± 30 °C, as estimated by Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material (RSCM). It contains strongly elongated quartz ribbons, characterized by very high fluid inclusions density, as well as micro-veins of quartz. Both fluid inclusion planes and micro-veins are preferentially developed orthogonal to the stretching direction. Furthermore, crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) of quartz c-axes in the ribbons has maxima parallel to the stretching direction. Recrystallization to a small grain size is restricted to rare deformation bands cutting across the ribbons. In such recrystallized quartz domains, CPO of quartz c-axes are orthogonal to foliation plane. The evolution of deformation micro-processes with increasing temperature can be further analyzed using the Foliated Morotsuka, a slightly higher-grade metamorphic unit (342 ± 30 °C by RSCM) from the Shimanto accretionary complex. In this unit, in contrast to Hyuga Tectonic Mélange, recrystallization of quartz veins is penetrative. CPO of quartz c-axes is concentrated perpendicularly to foliation plane. These variations in microstructures and quartz crystallographic fabric reflect a change in the dominant deformation mechanism with increasing temperatures: above ~300 °C, dislocation creep is dominant and results in intense quartz dynamic recrystallization. In contrast, below ~300 °C, quartz plasticity is not totally activated and pressure solution is the major deformation process responsible for quartz ribbons growth. In addition, the geometry of the quartz ribbons with respect to the phyllosilicate-rich shear zones shows that bulk rheology is controlled by quartz behavior. Consequently, below 300 °C, the application of quartz pressure-solution laws, based on realistic geometry derived from Hyuga microstructures, results in strongly lowering the overall strength of the plate interface with respect to the classical brittle envelop.
Published: 2016

49. Geographic variation in stable isotopic and fatty acid composition of three families of anguilliform leptocephali and particulate organic matter (POM) in the western South Pacific

Author: Liénart, Camilla, Feunteun, Eric, Miller, Michael J., Aoyama, Jun, Mortillaro, Jean-Michel, Hubas, Cédric, Kuroki, Mari, Watanabe, Shun, Dupuy, Christine, Carpentier, Alexandre, Otake, Tsuguo, Tsukamoto, Katsumi, Meziane, Tarik, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre De Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers (CRESCO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Station marine Dinard, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences [UTokyo] (GSALS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodiversité et gestion des territoires, Université de Rennes (UR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: trophic ecology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Leptocephali, oceanic currents, stable isotopes, biomarkers, fatty acids
Abstract: International audience; The feeding ecology of leptocephali has remained poorly understood because they apparently feed on particulate organic matter (POM), which varies in composition, and it is unclear which components of the POM they assimilate. The δ13C and δ15N stable isotope (SI) and fatty acid (FA) compositions of 3 families of leptocephali and POM were compared in 3 latitudinal current zones of the western South Pacific. The δ15N signatures of both leptocephali and POM overlapped, with both having their lowest values in the southern current zone. POM contained 38 FAs and was rich in saturated FAs (SFA) (16:0, 18:0, 14:0), while leptocephali contained 50 FAs, with high proportions of 16:0, and higher contributions of 22:6ω3, 20:5ω3, 18:1ω9, 16:1ω7 and other FAs than the POM. Serrivomeridae leptocephali in the north had higher δ15N signatures and were also distinguished from Nemichthyidae and Muraenidae larvae by their FA compositions (higher SFAs, lower 22:6ω3 and 20:5ω3). Although SI signatures of the Serrivomeridae larvae did not clearly vary with size, 16:0 and 18:0 FA proportions decreased with increasing larval size, and 22:6ω3 and 16:1ω7 increased in larger larvae. Correspondences between the latitudinal variations in nitrogen SI signatures and FA compositions of POM with those of leptocephali and the presence of FA markers of both autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms were consistent with leptocephali feeding on POM. POM can contain various materials from primary producers and heterotrophic microorganisms, but differences in the SI signatures and FA compositions in leptocephali remain to be explained through further research.
Published: 2016

50. Light paths of seabirds soaring over the ocean surface enable measurement of fine-scale wind speed and direction

Author: Charles-André Bost, Lindsay C. Young, Katsufumi Sato, Yusuke Goto, Yutaka Watanuki, Henri Weimerskirch, Yoshinari Yonehara, Ken Yoda, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Environmental Studies [Nagoya], Nagoya University, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Pacific Rim Conservation, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Oceans and Seas, GPS, Wind, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Wind speed, Dynamic soaring, Atmosphere, Birds, Prevailing winds, biologging, Wind shear, Animals, satellite scatterometer, 14. Life underwater, meteorology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Biological Sciences, Geography, Ground speed, Flight, Animal, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Global Positioning System, Geographic Information Systems, Satellite, business, dynamic soaring
Abstract: International audience; Ocean surface winds are an essential factor in understandingthe physical interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean.Surface winds measured by satellite scatterometers and buoyscover most of the global ocean; however, there are still spatialand temporal gaps and finer-scale variations of wind that may beoverlooked, particularly in coastal areas. Here, we show that flightpaths of soaring seabirds can be used to estimate fine-scale (every5 min, ∼5 km) ocean surface winds. Fine-scale global positioningsystem (GPS) positional data revealed that soaring seabirds flewtortuously and ground speed fluctuated presumably due to tailwinds and head winds. Taking advantage of the ground speeddifference in relation to flight direction, we reliably estimatedwind speed and direction experienced by the birds. These birdbasedwind velocities were significantly correlated with wind velocitiesestimated by satellite-borne scatterometers. Furthermore,extensive travel distances and flight duration of the seabirds enableda wide range of high-resolution wind observations, especiallyin coastal areas. Our study suggests that seabirds provide aplatform from which to measure ocean surface winds, potentiallycomplementing conventional wind measurements by covering spatialand temporal measurement gaps.
Published: 2016

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Database

87 results on '"Kashiwa A"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources