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1. Measurement of Single and Double Spin Asymmetries in Deep Inelastic Pion Electroproduction with a Longitudinally Polarized Target

Author

Latifa Elouadrhiri, C. A. Meyer, K. P. Adhikari, E. Seder, K. Livingston, N. Dashyan, Y. Prok, H. S. Jo, P. Collins, P. Eugenio, M. Mayer, V. Kuznetsov, S. Niccolai, Daniel S. Carman, M. J. Amaryan, Y. Ilieva, R. G. Fersch, Z. W. Zhao, A. Deur, N. Guler, G. E. Dodge, H. Baghdasaryan, M. Guidal, H. Moutarde, J. Zhang, P. Rossi, P. Konczykowski, J. Salamanca, J. Ball, F. X. Girod, S. Park, Larry Weinstein, H. Seraydaryan, B. Vernarsky, D. Heddle, I. Niculescu, S. Procureur, D. Protopopescu, Michael Vineyard, B. Morrison, D. P. Watts, E. De Sanctis, S. Dhamija, Y. G. Sharabian, D. Martinez, S. Fegan, R. A. Schumacher, V. Crede, S. Stepanyan, R. Dickson, E. Voutier, M. Aghasyan, M. Taiuti, R. W. Gothe, B. Dey, N. Markov, H. Hakobyan, S. Anefalos Pereira, L. Guo, D. Doughty, M. Ungaro, D. Keller, R. Nasseripour, J. W. Price, S. S. Stepanyan, E. Pasyuk, M. R. Niroula, A. El Alaoui, B. A. Raue, M. Y. Gabrielyan, T. A. Forest, P. Nadel-Turonski, B. Zhao, S. Tkachenko, G. Ricco, Philip L. Cole, Avraham Klein, M. Ripani, T. Mineeva, S. S. Jawalkar, M. S. Saini, G. Rosner, G. Gavalian, D. J. Tedeschi, Friedrich Klein, I. Bedlinskiy, P. Bosted, E. Munevar, B. Moreno, M. Mirazita, M. Holtrop, C. Salgado, A. Daniel, Chaden Djalali, D. G. Crabb, S. E. Kuhn, M. E. McCracken, M. Anghinolfi, L. Casey, K. Moriya, N. Hassall, C. Hanretty, Y. Perrin, F. Sabatié, W. J. Briscoe, Victor Mokeev, K. Joo, K. L. Giovanetti, S. V. Kuleshov, H. Y. Lu, D. P. Weygand, M. Battaglieri, M. Osipenko, W. Kim, G. Niculescu, A. I. Ostrovidov, K. Park, D. G. Ireland, P. Khetarpal, Volker D. Burkert, A. S. Biselli, A. Fradi, R. De Vita, R. Suleiman, S. Pisano, K.H. Hicks, D. I. Sober, P. Stoler, K. A. Griffioen, S. Strauch, R. Paremuzyan, Gerard Gilfoyle, D. Sokhan, B. McKinnon, D. Branford, N. Gevorgyan, H. Avakian, W. K. Brooks, V. P. Kubarovsky, Annalisa D'Angelo, J. McAndrew, Michael Wood, K. Hafidi, E. L. Isupov, W. Gohn, R. Dupre, O. Pogorelko, M. Khandaker, Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), CLAS, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Particle physics, Meson, DRELL-YAN, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Inelastic scattering, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Pion, DEPENDENCE, CLAS, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], SCATTERING, DISTRIBUTIONS, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS, TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM, AZIMUTHAL ASYMMETRIES, DRELL-YAN, SCATTERING, DISTRIBUTIONS, QUARK, DEPENDENCE, CLAS, QCD, Nuclear Experiment, Spin-½, Physics, FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, QUARK, TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM, Deep inelastic scattering, AZIMUTHAL ASYMMETRIES, QCD, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nucleon, Lepton
Abstract

We report the first measurement of the transverse momentum dependence of double-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive production of pions in deep-inelastic scattering off the longitudinally polarized proton. Data have been obtained using a polarized electron beam of 5.7 GeV with the CLAS detector at the Jefferson Lab (JLab). Modulations of single spin asymmetries over the azimuthal angle between lepton scattering and hadron production planes phi have been measured over a wide kinematic range in Bjorken x and virtual photon squared four-momentum Q(2). A significant nonzero sin2 phi single spin asymmetry was observed for the first time indicating strong spin-orbit correlations for transversely polarized quarks in the longitudinally polarized proton.

Published
2010

2. Measurement of Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering Beam-Spin Asymmetries

Author

G. Niculescu, Gerard Gilfoyle, K. Livingston, L. Blaszczyk, S. Tkachenko, I. I. Strakovsky, A. Deur, D. Sokhan, J. Donnelly, G. Asryan, O. P. Dzyubak, A. V. Vlassov, M. Taiuti, K. S. Egiyan, K. Mikhailov, T. Lee, Atilla Gonenc, G. E. Dodge, R. W. Gothe, J. W. Price, M. Guidal, P. Rossi, R. Dickson, V. Crede, D. Doughty, P. V. Degtyarenko, Daniel S. Carman, Alexei V. Klimenko, J. R. Calarco, M. Mazouz, R. Miskimen, J. Salamanca, Lorenzo Zana, J. Kuhn, M. Ripani, Philip L. Cole, J. P. Santoro, Y. Prok, Z. Krahn, Hovanes Egiyan, B. A. Raue, D. P. Watts, Barry Ritchie, O. Pogorelko, M. Khandaker, V. Batourine, C. Butuceanu, G. Ricco, I. Niculescu, R. A. Niyazov, H. Y. Lu, Friedrich Klein, D. Lawrence, E. Wolin, Z. W. Zhao, N. Markov, Elton Smith, Gerald Feldman, B. McKinnon, J. Ball, S. A. Morrow, N. Baillie, R. De Masi, J. P. Ball, M. Nozar, P. Eugenio, B. Zhao, D. Protopopescu, C. E. Hyde, S. Pozdniakov, M. Garçon, D. Branford, P. Stoler, Michael Wood, R. A. Schumacher, E. De Sanctis, M. J. Amaryan, J. M. Laget, K. Hafidi, P. Ambrozewicz, M. MacCormick, Y. Ilieva, B. Michel, V. S. Serov, D. G. Crabb, J. Langheinrich, E. Voutier, S. S. Stepanyan, E. Pasyuk, R. De Vita, I. Hleiqawi, M. Osipenko, M. Kossov, S. L. Careccia, B. E. Stokes, N. Guler, Sylvain Bouchigny, S. Bültmann, Tsutomu Mibe, M. Anghinolfi, M. R. Niroula, N. Dashyan, F. W. Hersman, L. C. Smith, E. Munevar, S. Stepanyan, L. Casey, K.H. Hicks, K. Joo, Y. G. Sharabian, Larry Weinstein, J. Pierce, Avraham Klein, Latifa Elouadrhiri, D. J. Tedeschi, B. L. Berman, B. S. Ishkhanov, I. Bedlinskiy, N. A. Baltzell, C. A. Meyer, V. P. Kubarovsky, G. V. Fedotov, Laird Kramer, P. Collins, David Jenkins, J. D. Kellie, B. B. Niczyporuk, K. L. Giovanetti, S. V. Kuleshov, C. Hanretty, M. Holtrop, C. Paterson, V. Sapunenko, Michael Vineyard, H. Avakian, D. Sharov, N. Pivnyuk, Dinko Pocanic, D. P. Weygand, W. J. Briscoe, H. S. Jo, K. A. Griffioen, A. I. Ostrovidov, K. Park, D. G. Ireland, S. E. Kuhn, M. D. Mestayer, Volker D. Burkert, A. S. Biselli, S. Niccolai, E. L. Isupov, Michael L. Williams, W. K. Brooks, S. Boiarinov, C. Tur, G. Rosner, P. Coltharp, Victor Mokeev, J. R. Johnstone, Shifeng Chen, J. Lachniet, M. M. Ito, L. Guo, P. Mattione, A. Tkabladze, J. T. Goetz, V. Gyurjyan, M. Mirazita, M. Ungaro, J. Zhang, F. X. Girod, S. Strauch, L. El Fassi, R. Nasseripour, P. Nadel-Turonski, D. I. Sober, G. S. Mutchler, H. Bagdasaryan, M. Bellis, S. Procureur, Maryam Moteabbed, Bernhard Mecking, K. V. Dharmawardane, G. Gavalian, M. Battaglieri, N. Benmouna, R. Bradford, Chaden Djalali, Michael Dugger, H. O. Funsten, K. Moriya, Carlos A. Salgado, L. Cheng, F. Sabatié, Nikolay Shvedunov, A. Yegneswaran, N. Kalantarians, H. G. Juengst, H. Hakobyan, S. Anefalos Pereira, A.V. Stavinsky, W. Kim, Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CLAS, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Quark, Particle physics, Photon, Proton, media_common.quotation_subject, HERA, General Physics and Astronomy, Parton, Kinematics, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS, NUCLEON, HERA, NUCLEON, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, media_common, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Compton scattering, 12.40.Vv,13.40.Gp,13.60.Fz,13.60.Hb,13.60.-r,14.20.Dh,24.85.+p, PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nucleon
Abstract

1 tex file (6 pages), 4 (eps) figures; The beam spin asymmetries in the hard exclusive electroproduction of photons on the proton (ep -> epg) were measured over a wide kinematic range and with high statistical accuracy. These asymmetries result from the interference of the Bethe-Heitler process and of deeply virtual Compton scattering. Over the whole kinematic range (x_B from 0.11 to 0.58, Q^2 from 1 to 4.8 GeV^2, -t from 0.09 to 1.8 GeV^2), the azimuthal dependence of the asymmetries is compatible with expectations from leading-twist dominance, A = a*sin(phi)/[1+c*cos(phi)]. This extensive set of data can thus be used to constrain significantly the generalized parton distributions of the nucleon in the valence quark sector.

Published
2008

3. MEDIUM EFFECTS ON KNOCKOUT OF DEEPLY BOUND NUCLEONS

Author

L.G. Greeniaus, R. Abegg, D. A. Hutcheon, R. Schubank, M. Ahmad, W.J. McDonald, W.C. Olsen, D. Mack, P. W. Green, K.H. Hicks, C. A. Miller, N. S. Chant, P. Kitching, D. Frekers, and Y. Ye

Subjects
Elastic scattering, Physics, Spinor, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, Binding energy, Nuclear Theory, General Engineering, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Effective mass (solid-state physics), Quantum electrodynamics, [PHYS.HIST]Physics [physics]/Physics archives, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Wave function, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The analyzing power for quasi-free nucleon-nucleon scattering has been found to differ substantially from that for the free interaction. This medium modification was first noticed in inclusive scattering experiments. In the present work, it has been demonstrated that kinematically complete exclusive measurements are capable of demonstrating this effect more clearly. This advantage arises by virtue of the possibility of selecting nucleons bound in states localized in the nuclear interior. Modification of the nucleon-nucleon interaction in the nuclear medium has been found to be an important aspect of various reactions induced by intermediate energy protons. One of the most direct ways of studying such modifications is quasi-free scattering of nucleons by polarized protons. Inclusive measurements of spin observables in this reaction have yielded some results which depart significantly from expectations based on the free interaction, even after accounting for "obvious" effects such as internal motion of the nucleons and binding energy. It is expected in the context of relativistic mean field theory and suggested by empirical fits of Dirac optical potentials to nuclear elastic scattering data that the potential experienced by a nucleon inside the nucleus includes large attractive Lorentz scaler and repulsive vector terms. It has been pointed out that the large negative scaler potential will reduce the effective mass of the nucleon upon which depend the Dirac spinors between which the nucleon-nucleon matrix elements are evaluated. In particular, the lower components of the spinors are expected to be enhanced. In one model of this effect, some spin observables are predicted to be significantly modified[l]. Most remakably, the analyzing power is substantially reduced. Although such medium effects are diluted in inclusive reactions because of emphasis of the nuclear surface where the density is not large, some indications of this medium effect have been observed[2]. In the investigation of medium effects on the basic interaction, we may expect that exclusive measurements can enjoy some significant advantages. First, the p-p and n-p interactions can be studied separately instead of being averaged together. Also, the half-off-shell kinematic conditions of each scattering event are determined experimentally instead of being averaged over, resulting in more explicit information. Most importantly, because the residual nucleus energy is determined experimentally, knockout from individual nuclear orbitals can be distinguished. To maximize medium effects, we may therefore select events corresponding to knockout from an orbital whose wave function has the bulk of its strength within the nuclear surface. The 1s orbital satisfies this criterion as well as simplifies the interpretation of the data further by precluding any initial effective polarization of the struck nucleon due to distortion effects[3]. Kinematically emphasizing the nuclear interior avoids problems associated with surface-peaked reactions Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1990681 COLLOQUE DE PHYSIQUE such as inclusive quasi-free scattering for example the local density approximation is most suspect near the nuclear surface where the density gradient is large. The capability of the exclusive reaction to emphasize the nuclear interior has been studied theoretically by incorporating into a non-relativistic DWIA calculation[4] the density dependence of Horowitz and Iqbal[l]. The radial dependence was explicitly included by relaxing the usual factorization approximation. It was found that modifications to certain spin observables were indeed predicted to be large as much as a factor of two reduction in A, , for example (see TRIUMF Experimental Proposal 473, C.A. Miller et a1.(1987). In an effort to exploit the advantages of the exclusive reaction, spin observables for knockout of 1s nucleons have been measured for the first time. The choice of a l p shell nucleus, 160 , as well as a beam energy of 500 Mev were defined by the need to minimize the effects of absorption on the final state nucleons. In the first phase of the experiment, the analyzing power A, was determined while in a later run still being analyzed, the spin transfer parameters D,,,, D,,, and P were measured. The experiment was carried out with the polarized proton beam from the TRIUMF cyclotron. The Medium Resolution Spectrometer (MRS) was used to detect and identify a proton in coincidence with a lower energy proton which was detected in a crude magnetic spectrometer consisting of a dipole magnet with tracking from four vertical-drift chambers. The missing-energy resolution was adequate to easily resolve the 1s knockout from the two p states and to resolve the p states from each other via peak fitti'ng. Analyzing power measurements were done at MRS angles of 20°, 25' and 30' while the spin transfer measurement was done only at 25". In each case, the other detector arm was optimized for minimum recoil momentum at the Is separation energy of 40 MeV. Figure 1 shows analyzing power results for knockout of Is protons from 160 . They are drastically reduced in comparison with the free values shown for the same two-body kinematic conditions. The degree of "quenching" of A, is larger than that found in inclusive measurements as well as expectations based on the density-dependent DWIA calculation mentioned above. Although the optical potentials for 160 used here are only crude, they had little effect on the analyzing power in the absence of the density dependence. A more interesting comparison will be with the new finite-range Dirac-based DWIA calculation which implicitly includes modified Dirac spinors[5]. Analyzing power data for p-state knockout is shown in Figure 2. It reveals the familiar spin-orbit splitting due to the struck nucleon effective polarization induced by final state distortions. Hence it is manifested through the NN spin correlation parameter A,,. The degree of splitting therefore is sensitive to medium modification of this NN observable. However, such interpretation will require careful comparison with a calculation using reliable optical potentials. Preliminayr indications from analysis of a portion of the spin transfer data are that medium modifications are present but not large. However there is a suggestion that the polarization parameter P departs significantly from the analyzing power Ay, an effect not predicted by the nonrelativistic calculations.

Published
1990

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