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1. Non-intrusive inspection of cargo containers using the C-BORD Rapidly Relocatable Tagged Neutron Inspection System

Author

F. Pino, C.L. Fontana, G. Nebbia, C. Carasco, B. Pérot, A. Sardet, J.P. Poli, A.G. Sebert, G. Sannié, A. Iovene, C. Tintori, P. Sibczynski, K. Grodzicki, L. Swiderski, M. Slegt, R. de Goede, S. Moretto, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova (INFN, Sezione di Padova), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Intelligence Artificielle et Apprentissage Automatique (LI3A), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), CAEN S.p.A., National Center for Nuclear Research [Warsaw] (NCBJ), National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Customs Administration of the Netherlands [Rotterdam], and European Project: 653323,H2020,H2020-BES-2014,C-BORD(2015)

Subjects
instrumentation, Artificial intelligence, Electronic architecture, neutrons, Inspection with neutrons, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Nuclear instrumentation, Detection of explosives, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], spectrometry, Detection of contraband and drugs, Online learning, Machine learning, [INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, fuzzy logic, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], ionizing radiation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

The European H2020 project, entitled “effective Container inspection at BORDer control points” (C-BORD), aims to develop a framework of Non-Intrusive Inspection (NII) technologies, for containers and large-volume freight at the EU borders. In this article the first results of the field trials of the Rapidly Relocatable Tagged Neutron Inspection System (RRTNIS) are reported. The tests were carried out at the customs administration of the Netherlands' (DCA) facility in the seaport of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. For the tests mock-up cargo containers were prepared. The containers were analyzed using the whole set of NII subsystems of the C-BORD framework. Each container underwent a session of subsequent scans with all the subsystems, in order to realistically reproduce the normal flow of inspections at the customs facility. The RRTNIS was tested under these realistic conditions, as well. The system was able to separate and identify the target materials, in mock-up containers, and improve the state-of-the-art in terms of the detected quantities.

Published
2022

2. C-BORD - an overview of efficient toolbox for high-volume freight inspection

Author

S. Moretto, Wojciech Gesikowski, Marek Szawlowski, Frederic Laine, Cedric Carasco, Andrzej Dziedzic, Cristiano Fontana, Joanna Iwanowska-Hanke, Frederick Carrel, Felix Pino, Agnieszka Syntfeld-Kazuch, K. Grodzicki, Jerzy Godlewski, Marek Moszynski, Guillaume Sannie, D. Wolski, Lukasz Swiderski, P. Sibczynski, Aleksandra Dolebska, Bertrand Perot, Z. Mianowska, Adrien Sari, A. Sardet, Amélie Grabowski, National Centre for Nuclear Research [Otwock], Narodowe Centrum Badań Jądrowych (NCBJ), Custom and Tax Office Poland [Gdynia], Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova (INFN, Sezione di Padova), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Laboratoire de Mesures Nucléaires (LMN), Service Mesures et modélisation des Transferts et des Accidents graves (SMTA), Département Technologie Nucléaire (DTN), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Département Technologie Nucléaire (DTN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), European Project: 653323,H2020,H2020-BES-2014,C-BORD(2015), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, false positive, Computer science, cargo inspection, drug trafficking, illicit substances, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Transport engineering, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation (computer programming), Instrumentation, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Throughput (business), non-intrusive freight container inspection, containerized freight, dangerous substances, smuggling, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Unit of time, End user, Frame (networking), false negative, Interdiction, Toolbox, Container (abstract data type), transport, border control, Radiology
Abstract

International audience; In the frame of the C-BORD project, five innovate technology pillars for Non-Intrusive Inspection (NII) are under development. Freight containers are potential means for smuggling, drug trafficking and transport of dangerous or illicit substances. The goal of the C-BORD project is to increase interdiction of illicit or dangerous materials in containerized freight and deliver new capabilities against critical operational requirements and constrains. Particularly, the aim of the project is to increase throughput of the container per time unit, reduce cost and time of cargo inspection and minimize the false negative and false positive alarm ratios. Finally, thanks to field trials organized during the project, capability of these systems will be proven and the C-BORD Toolbox usefulness will be validated by end users under real conditions at sea and border crosses.

Published
2017

3. Detection sSystem of the first rapidly relocatable Tagged Neutron Inspection System (RRTNIS), developed in the framework of the European H2020 C-BORD project

Author

P. Sibczynski, C.L. Fontana, Lukasz Swiderski, Guillaume Sannie, G. Nebbia, Marek Moszynski, Francesca Soramel, Felix Pino, A. Sardet, Luca Stevanato, Cinzia Sada, Bertrand Perot, K. Grodzicki, Carlo Tintori, Cedric Carasco, Alberto Carnera, Marcello Lunardon, Alessandro Iovene, Sandra Moretto, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova (INFN, Sezione di Padova), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Laboratoire de Mesures Nucléaires (LMN), Service Mesures et modélisation des Transferts et des Accidents graves (SMTA), Département Technologie Nucléaire (DTN), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Département Technologie Nucléaire (DTN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, CAEN S.p.A., National Centre for Nuclear Research [Otwock], Narodowe Centrum Badań Jądrowych (NCBJ), European Project: 653323,H2020,H2020-BES-2014,C-BORD(2015), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST)

Subjects
Computer science, cargo inspection, Volume Unit, Digital analysis, Rapidly Relocatable TNIS (RRTNIS), [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Tagged Neutron Inspection System (TNIS), chemical agent detection, Data acquisition, 0103 physical sciences, non-intrusive inspection, Explosive detection, media_common.cataloged_instance, Neutron, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], European union, 010306 general physics, media_common, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Illicit drug detection, border security, Chemical agents, Container (abstract data type), Systems engineering, gamma detector
Abstract

International audience; The European project entitled "effective Container inspection at BORDer control points" (C-BORD) focuses on the development and in-situ tests of a comprehensive cost-effective solution for the generalized Non-Intrusive Inspection (NII) of containers and large-volume freight at the European Union (EU) border. It copes with a large range of targets, including explosives, chemical warfare agents, illicit drugs, tobacco and Special Nuclear Materials. Within the C-BORD project, a new generation of Tagged Neutron Inspection System (TNIS) for cargo containers is foreseen. Unlike its predecessors, this system would be the first Rapidly Relocatable TNIS (RRTNIS). It will be a second-line defense system, to be used on sealed containers in order to detect explosives, illicit drugs and chemical agents in a suspect voxel (elementary volume unit). We report on the status of the RRTNIS system, in particular the overall design, the characterization of the large-volume NaI(Tl) gamma detectors, the digital analysis of the time measurements and the Data Acquisition System (DAQ).

Published
2017

4. Design of the rapidly relocatable tagged neutron inspection system of the C-BORD project

Author

Lukasz Swiderski, Marek Moszynski, Guillaume Sannie, G. Nebbia, Cristiano Fontana, Bertrand Perot, P. Sibczynski, Sandra Moretto, Cedric Carasco, Carlo Tintori, Alessandro Iovene, A. Sardet, K. Grodzicki, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Mesures Nucléaires (LMN), Service Mesures et modélisation des Transferts et des Accidents graves (SMTA), Département Technologie Nucléaire (DTN), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Département Technologie Nucléaire (DTN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Galileo Galilei', Universita degli Studi di Padova, National Centre for Nuclear Research [Otwock], Narodowe Centrum Badań Jądrowych (NCBJ), CAEN S.p.A., European Project: 653323,H2020,H2020-BES-2014,C-BORD(2015), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova (INFN, Sezione di Padova), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), caen (CAEN), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), and amplexor, amplexor

Subjects
[PHYS.NUCL] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], APT(associated particle technique), Engineering, Reflection (computer programming), APT (associated particle technique), [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Real-time computing, Index Terms-TNIS (tagged neutron inspection system), [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, illicit materials, Data acquisition, Neutron generator, CBRNE threats, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, Nuclear, Electronics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Simulation, Monte Carlo simulation, and Explosives) threats, Generator (computer programming), TNIS (tagged neutron inspection system), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Biological, CBRNE (Chemical, Container (abstract data type), Radiological, business
Abstract

International audience; Within the framework of the European H2020 C-BORD project, aiming at improving container inspection technologies, a compact and "Rapidly Relocatable Tagged Neutron Inspection System", called RRTNIS, is being developed taking into account past EURITRACK experience with a portal TNIS, and the latest technologies in terms of associated particle neutron generator and data acquisition electronics. A dedicated shield surrounding the neutron generator has been designed with MCNP6 to limit the size of the restricted area and the count rate on gamma detectors, which are located very close to the generator. This new design with "reflection" detectors only, i.e. in backscattering position, is indeed more efficient to detect suspect items, like explosives or illicit drugs, in bottom regions of the container, compared to EURITRACK detectors which were mainly located above the container. It also allows designing a relocatable system for different inspection sites like seaports, borders, or other checkpoints. Dose and count rate calculations are presented to determine the restricted area and facilitate the design of the data acquisition electronics, respectively.

Published
2016

5. Comparison of prompt and delayed photofission neutron detection techniques using different types of radiation detectors

Author

Marek Moszynski, Amélie Grabowski, Alessandro Iovene, Michal Matusiak, Lukasz Swiderski, Adrien Sari, J. Iwanowska, Frederick Carrel, Frederic Laine, Tymoteusz Kosinski, D. Wolski, Agnieszka Syntfeld-Kazuch, P. Sibczynski, Matthieu Hamel, Andrzej Dziedzic, Carlo Tintori, K. Grodzicki, National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, CAEN S.p.A., European Project: 653323,H2020,H2020-BES-2014,C-BORD(2015), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), National Center for Nuclear Research ( NCBJ ), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information ( DM2I ), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies ( LIST ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, and European Project : 0653323 ( 2007 )

Subjects
Special nuclear materials, Radioactive materials, Semiconductor detectors, scintillators, Nuclear material, threshold activation detection, 01 natural sciences, Photofission, Prompt neutron, LINAC, Linear accelerators, Neutron detection, Barium compounds, nuclear instrumentation, Physics, instrumentation, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], BaF2, Chemical activation, Neutron temperature, Phosphors, Radiation detectors, radioactivity, Fission reactions, Prompt neutrons, Medical imaging, Scintillation counters, Gamma-rays, ionizing radiation, Delayed neutron, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], Activation detection, Neutron detectors, Nuclear weapons, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], plastic scintillator, SNM, Particle detector, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Delayed neutrons, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Special nuclear material, Gamma rays, neutrons, TAD, Condition monitoring
Abstract

Conference of 2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop, NSS/MIC/RTSD 2016 ; Conference Date: 29 October 2016 Through 6 November 2016; Conference Code:131365; International audience; For several years, detection of various threats on country borders plays a significant role in the frame of Homeland Security applications. One of this threat is the illicit trafficking of nuclear materials (especially including Special Nuclear Material - SNM - 235U, 233U or 239Pu), which can be potentially used for production of nuclear weapon as well as radiological dispersal device (RDD) - known also as a "dirty bomb". In order to detect the potentially hidden nuclear material, systems using linear accelerators and a group of detectors are developed by several scientific groups around the world. Besides solutions focusing on detection of delayed γ-rays or neutrons, also the systems dedicated for prompt neutron detection were proposed. One of the possible prompt neutron detection technique is known as Threshold Activation Detection (TAD). This technique relies on activation of 19F nuclei in the scintillator medium by fast neutrons and registration of high-energy particles and γ-rays from the decay of reaction products (for example, 19F(n,α)16N or 19F(n,p)19O). Recent studies in the frame of the European Horizon 2020 C-BORD project showed that, despite the low 19F(n,α)16N or 19F(n,p)19O reaction cross-section, the method could be a good solution for detection of shielded nuclear material. A benchmark of the TAD technique based on fluorine detectors with reference method focused on delayed neutron detection with 3He detectors will be presented in this paper. These experimental results were obtained using 9 MeV Varian Linatron M9 linear accelerator (LINAC).

Published
2016

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