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1. Validation of reactive gases and aerosols in the MACC global analysis and forecast system

Author

Henk Eskes, Michael Schulz, Natalia Sudarchikova, Stefan Kinne, A. Wagner, Simon Chabrillat, Jan Griesfeller, M. Razinger, J. Kapsomenakis, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Valérie Thouret, Antti Arola, Andreas Richter, Bavo Langerock, Richard Engelen, Vincent Huijnen, Martin G. Schultz, Idir Bouarar, Olivier Boucher, E. Botek, Anna Benedictow, L. Jones, Anne-Marlene Blechschmidt, Eleni Katragkou, Christos Zerefos, Audrey Gaudel, Emilio Cuevas, Harald Flentje, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Universität Bremen, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Academy of Athens, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Cyprus Institute (CyI), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Aerosols, Service (systems architecture), Earth observation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Scoring methods, 010501 environmental sciences, Remote sensing, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, 01 natural sciences, Atmospheric composition, lcsh:Geology, Data assimilation, 13. Climate action, Component (UML), Greenhouse gas, Aerosoles, Teledetección, Environmental science, Air quality index, ddc:910, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The European MACC (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate) project is preparing the operational Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), one of the services of the European Copernicus Programme on Earth observation and environmental services. MACC uses data assimilation to combine in situ and remote sensing observations with global and regional models of atmospheric reactive gases, aerosols, and greenhouse gases, and is based on the Integrated Forecasting System of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The global component of the MACC service has a dedicated validation activity to document the quality of the atmospheric composition products. In this paper we discuss the approach to validation that has been developed over the past 3 years. Topics discussed are the validation requirements, the operational aspects, the measurement data sets used, the structure of the validation reports, the models and assimilation systems validated, the procedure to introduce new upgrades, and the scoring methods. One specific target of the MACC system concerns forecasting special events with high-pollution concentrations. Such events receive extra attention in the validation process. Finally, a summary is provided of the results from the validation of the latest set of daily global analysis and forecast products from the MACC system reported in November 2014.

Published
2015
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2. The MACC reanalysis: an 8 yr data set of atmospheric composition

Author

Johannes W. Kaiser, Daniel Hurtmans, Valérie Thouret, Hannah Clark, Pierre-François Coheur, Idir Bouarar, Claire Granier, Olaf Stein, Adrian Simmons, Martin G. Schultz, M. Razinger, L. Jones, J. Kapsomenakis, Jean-Noël Thépaut, Johannes Flemming, Quentin Errera, Antje Inness, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Michael George, Angela Benedetti, Andreas Richter, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro, J. Leitao, Martin Suttie, Cathy Clerbaux, Vincent Huijnen, Richard Engelen, Christos Zerefos, Frank Baier, Simon Chabrillat, Karolien Lefever, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), King‘s College London, Research Centre for Atmospheric Physics and Climatology [Athens], Academy of Athens, Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] (IUP), Universität Bremen, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Rasmussen, Martin

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Air pollution, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, Atmospheric sciences, MACC project results, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Chemistry, Troposphere, Physico-chimie générale, Data assimilation, atmospheric composition, Ozone layer, ddc:550, medicine, Stratosphere, data assimilation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Seasonality, Deutsches Fernerkundungsdatenzentrum, medicine.disease, lcsh:QC1-999, SCIAMACHY, multi-year reanalysis, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, Climatology, Environmental science, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

An eight-year long reanalysis of atmospheric composition data covering the period 2003-2010 was constructed as part of the FP7-funded Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate project by assimilating satellite data into a global model and data assimilation system. This reanalysis provides fields of chemically reactive gases, namely carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides, and formaldehyde, as well as aerosols and greenhouse gases globally at a horizontal resolution of about 80 km for both the troposphere and the stratosphere. This paper describes the assimilation system for the reactive gases and presents validation results for the reactive gas analysis fields to document the data set and to give a first indication of its quality. Tropospheric CO values from the MACC reanalysis are on average 10-20% lower than routine observations from commercial aircrafts over airports through most of the troposphere, and have larger negative biases in the boundary layer at urban sites affected by air pollution, possibly due to an underestimation of CO or precursor emissions. Stratospheric ozone fields from the MACC reanalysis agree with ozonesondes and ACE-FTS data to within ±10% in most seasons and regions. In the troposphere the reanalysis shows biases of -5% to +10% with respect to ozonesondes and aircraft data in the extratropics, but has larger negative biases in the tropics. Area-averaged total column ozone agrees with ozone fields from a multi-sensor reanalysis data set to within a few percent. NO2 fields from the reanalysis show the right seasonality over polluted urban areas of the NH and over tropical biomass burning areas, but underestimate wintertime NO2 maxima over anthropogenic pollution regions and overestimate NO2 in northern and southern Africa during the tropical biomass burning seasons. Tropospheric HCHO is well simulated in the MACC reanalysis even though no satellite data are assimilated. It shows good agreement with independent SCIAMACHY retrievals over regions dominated by biogenic emissions with some anthropogenic input, such as the eastern US and China, and also over African regions influenced by biogenic sources and biomass burning. © Author(s) 2013., SCOPUS: re.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2013
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