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1. The Green Edge cruise: investigating the marginal ice zone processes during late spring and early summer to understand the fate of the Arctic phytoplankton bloom

Author

Flavienne Bruyant, Rémi Amiraux, Marie-Pier Amyot, Philippe Archambault, Lise Artigue, Lucas Barbedo de Freitas, Guislain Bécu, Simon Bélanger, Pascaline Bourgain, Annick Bricaud, Etienne Brouard, Camille Brunet, Tonya Burgers, Danielle Caleb, Katrine Chalut, Hervé Claustre, Véronique Cornet-Barthaux, Pierre Coupel, Marine Cusa, Fanny Cusset, Laeticia Dadaglio, Marty Davelaar, Gabrièle Deslongchamps, Céline Dimier, Julie Dinasquet, Dany Dumont, Brent Else, Igor Eulaers, Joannie Ferland, Gabrielle Filteau, Marie-Hélène Forget, Jérome Fort, Louis Fortier, Martí Galí, Morgane Gallinari, Svend-Erik Garbus, Nicole Garcia, Catherine Gérikas Ribeiro, Colline Gombault, Priscilla Gourvil, Clémence Goyens, Cindy Grant, Pierre-Luc Grondin, Pascal Guillot, Sandrine Hillion, Rachel Hussherr, Fabien Joux, Hannah Joy-Warren, Gabriel Joyal, David Kieber, Augustin Lafond, José Lagunas, Patrick Lajeunesse, Catherine Lalande, Jade Larivière, Florence Le Gall, Karine Leblanc, Mathieu Leblanc, Justine Legras, Keith Lévesque, Kate-M. Lewis, Edouard Leymarie, Aude Leynaert, Thomas Linkowski, Martine Lizotte, Adriana Lopes dos Santos, Claudie Marec, Dominique Marie, Guillaume Massé, Philippe Massicotte, Atsushi Matsuoka, Lisa A. Miller, Sharif Mirshak, Nathalie Morata, Brivaela Moriceau, Philippe-Israël Morin, Simon Morisset, Anders Mosbech, Alfonso Mucci, Gabrielle Nadaï, Christian Nozais, Ingrid Obernosterer, Thimoté Paire, Christos Panagiotopoulos, Marie Parenteau, Noémie Pelletier, Marc Picheral, Bernard Quéguiner, Patrick Raimbault, Joséphine Ras, Eric Rehm, Llúcia Ribot Lacosta, Jean-François Rontani, Blanche Saint-Béat, Julie Sansoulet, Noé Sardet, Catherine Schmechtig, Antoine Sciandra, Richard Sempéré, Caroline Sévigny, Jordan Toullec, Margot Tragin, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Annie-Pier Trottier, Daniel Vaulot, Anda Vladoiu, Lei Xue, Gustavo Yunda-Guarin, Marcel Babin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération de recherche de Roscoff (FR2424), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Applied Physics Laboratory [Seattle] (APL-UW), University of Washington [Seattle], Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Abstract

The Green Edge project was designed to investigate the onset, life, and fate of a phytoplankton spring bloom (PSB) in the Arctic Ocean. The lengthening of the ice-free period and the warming of seawater, amongst other factors, have induced major changes in Arctic Ocean biology over the last decades. Because the PSB is at the base of the Arctic Ocean food chain, it is crucial to understand how changes in the Arctic environment will affect it. Green Edge was a large multidisciplinary, collaborative project bringing researchers and technicians from 28 different institutions in seven countries together, aiming at understanding these changes and their impacts on the future. The fieldwork for the Green Edge project took place over two years (2015 and 2016) and was carried out from both an ice camp and a research vessel in Baffin Bay, in the Canadian Arctic. This paper describes the sampling strategy and the dataset obtained from the research cruise, which took place aboard the Canadian Coast Guard ship (CCGS) Amundsen in late spring and early summer 2016. The sampling strategy was designed around the repetitive, perpendicular crossing of the marginal ice zone (MIZ), using not only ship-based station discrete sampling but also high-resolution measurements from autonomous platforms (Gliders, BGC-Argo floats …) and under-way monitoring systems. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.17882/86417 (Bruyant et al., 2022).

Published
2022
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2. A risk assessment of the effects of mercury on Baltic Sea, Greater North Sea and North Atlantic wildlife, fish and bivalves

Author

Yann Kolbeinsson, Tone Kristin Reiertsen, Kjell Einar Erikstad, Anders Galatius, Jonas Teilmann, Jóhannis Danielsen, Ole Roland Therkildsen, Jens Søndergaard, Sam Dastnai, Ulf Lindstøm, Signe Sveegaard, Jan Ove Bustnes, Céline Albert, Sveinn Are Hanssen, Olivier Gilg, Hallvard Strøm, Frank Rigét, Anna Roos, Tomasz Maciej Ciesielski, Jón Einar Jónsson, Christian Sonne, Igor Eulaers, Thorkell Lindberg Thórarinsson, Rune Dietz, Martin Larsen, Thomas Kjær Christensen, Line A. Kyhn, Jérôme Fort, Kaarina Kauhala, Jiachen Sun, Aili Lage Labansen, Morten Helberg, Marcel Eens, Bjørn Munro Jenssen, Björn Helander, Jakob Strand, Veerle L.B. Jaspers, Simon Wilson, Svend-Erik Garbus, Rune Skjold Tjørnløv, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CE34-0005,ILETOP,Impact des polluants historiques et émergents sur les prédateurs supérieurs marins de l'Arctique(2016), and ANR-16-TERC-0004,MAMBA,Contamination par le mercure des écosystèmes arctiques : sources, niveaux et impacts(2016)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Wildlife, chemistry.chemical_element, Animals, Wild, Marine mammal, Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Risk Assessment, Risk threshold, Predation, biology.animal, Animals, Humans, 14. Life underwater, Biological effect, Biology, lcsh:Environmental sciences, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, lcsh:GE1-350, biology, Bird of prey, Marine mammal Seabird, Fishes, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400, Seabird, Mercury, Hg, Mercury (element), Bivalvia, Fishery, Chemistry, Geography, chemistry, Baltic sea, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, North Sea, Risk assessment
Abstract

A wide range of species, including marine mammals, seabirds, birds of prey, fish and bivalves, were investigated for potential population health risks resulting from contemporary (post 2000) mercury (Hg) exposure, using novel risk thresholds based on literature and de novo contamination data. The main geographic focus is on the Baltic Sea, while data from the same species in adjacent waters, such as the Greater North Sea and North Atlantic, were included for comparative purposes. For marine mammals, 23% of the groups, each composing individuals of a specific sex and maturity from the same species in a specific study region, showed Hg-concentrations within the High Risk Category (HRC) and Severe Risk Category (SRC). The corresponding percentages for seabirds, fish and bivalves were 2.7%, 25% and 8.0%, respectively, although fish and bivalves were not represented in the SRC. Juveniles from all species showed to be at no or low risk. In comparison to the same species in the adjacent waters, i.e. the Greater North Sea and the North Atlantic, the estimated risk for Baltic populations is not considerably higher. These findings suggest that over the past few decades the Baltic Sea has improved considerably with respect to presenting Hg exposure to its local species, while it does still carry a legacy of elevated Hg levels resulting from high neighbouring industrial and agricultural activity and slow water turnover regime.

Published
2021
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3. Oxidative stress responses in relationship to persistent organic pollutant levels in feathers and blood of two predatory bird species from Pakistan

Author

Adrien Frantz, Oju R. Ibor, Elvira Mennilo, Igor Eulaers, Naeem Akhtar Abbasi, Riffat Naseem Malik, Veerle L.B. Jaspers, Augustine Arukwe, Adrian Covaci, Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar (UNICAL), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp (UA), Higher Education Commission, Pakistan, University of Calabar, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Spotted owlet, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Glutathione reductase, PERNA-VIRIDIS, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Antioxidants, Non-destructive Black kite, Toxicology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers, Pakistan, Enzyme activity, Waste Management and Disposal, Glutathione Transferase, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Glutathione peroxidase, Catalase, Pollution, Chemistry, Glutathione Reductase, Feather, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Environmental Pollutants, Environmental Engineering, Zoology, Superoxide dismutase, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Biology, Falconiformes, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Glutathione Peroxidase, Milvus migrans, Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione, Feathers, biology.organism_classification, Strigiformes, Oxidative Stress, chemistry, 13. Climate action, biology.protein, Oxidative stress
Abstract

To date, knowledge of persistent organic pollutant (POP) mediated oxidative stress responses in avian species is rather limited. We therefore investigated whether exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in two predatory bird species, namely black kite (Milvus migrans) and spotted owlet (Athene brama), was associated to activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT), or expression of GPx and superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes. As part of this investigation, we evaluated whether feathers were suitable to reflect internal body burdens and their associated oxidative stress effects. p,p'-DDE was unanimously recorded with highest concentrations in feathers and blood of both species. In general, the non-significant associations reflect that feathers are not always a suitable indicator for internal body burdens of POPs, depending on the feather type and the age of the bird. The activity of GST and GR was significantly higher in spotted owlet whereas GPx and CAT was higher (albeit not significant) in spotted owlet and black kite respectively. In comparison, mRNA expression of GPx, SOD and Cu,ZnSOD was significantly higher in black kite. Regression analysis showed that the activity of GST and GR was significantly associated with p,p'-DDE in blood of spotted owlet.Similarly, activity of CAT and GR was significantly correlated with BDE-100 in feathers of spotted owlet. In comparison, mRNA expression of SOD was found significantly associated with Sigma PBDEs in blood of spotted owlet as well as p,p'-DDE in feathers of black kite. Significant associations of various POPs with biological responses may suggest that POP exposure may be contributing to oxidative stress in the studied bird of prey species. This first investigation indicates the necessity for further research on cause-effect relationships between POP exposures and changes in general health of free ranging birds. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2017
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4. Use of feathers to assess polychlorinated biphenyl and organochlorine pesticide exposure in top predatory bird species of Pakistan

Author

Igor Eulaers, Naeem Akhtar Abbasi, Veerle L.B. Jaspers, Riffat Naseem Malik, Muhammad Jamshed Iqbal Chaudhry, Adrien Frantz, Adrian Covaci, Per Ambus, Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Department of Bioscience [Roskilde], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), World Wide Fund for Nature, Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp (UA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)

Subjects
Insecticides, Future studies, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, WEST GREENLAND, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pakistan, PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS, Waste Management and Disposal, delta N-15, Trophic guild, biology, Organochlorine pesticide, Pollution, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, NONDESTRUCTIVE BIOMONITORING TOOL, Chemistry, Habitat, Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, MIGRATORY BIRDS, Environmental chemistry, Feather, visual_art, TROPHIC LEVEL, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Environmental Pollutants, FOOD-WEB, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Engineering, BROMINATED FLAME-RETARDANTS, PREEN OIL, Birds, Animal science, Species Specificity, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, POPs, Biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Milvus migrans, Raptors, POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS, Polychlorinated biphenyl, Hexachlorobenzene, Feathers, biology.organism_classification, EAGLES HALIAEETUS-ALBICILLA, chemistry, delta C-13
Abstract

Little is known about the levels of organochlorines (OCs) in predatory bird species from Asia or the factors governing their concentrations. This study is the first report on concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in predatory birds of Pakistan. The concentrations of PCBs and OCPs were investigated using tail feathers of ten different species of predatory birds. In addition, concentration differences among body, tail, primary and secondary feathers were investigated for six individuals of black kite (Milvus migrans). Ranges of concentrations were highest for dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE: 0.11-2163 ng g(-1) dry wt,) followed by dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT: 0.36-345 ng g(-1) dry wt.), hexachlorobenzene (HCB: 0.02-34 ng g(-1) dry wt.), Sigma PCBs (0.03-16 ng g(-1) dry wt.) and trans-nonachlor (TN; 0.01-0.13 ng g(-1) dry wt.). CB 118, 153,138, and 180 along with p,p'-DDE were found as the most prevalent compounds. Sigma PCBs and Sigma DDTs were significantly different among species (both p < 0.01) and omnivorous, scavengers, carnivorous and piscivorous trophic guilds (all p < 0.03). Only Sigma PCBs were significantly clifferentamong different families of birds (p

Published
2016
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