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International audience; To understand the complexity of modern cities and anticipate their expansion, experts from various fields conceive simulation models that can be very different. Those simulation models work with a variety of data with their own organization. Furthermore, because the urban objects are studied in the context of the evolution of a city or urban area, they carry temporal and spatial information. In this paper, we present the base classes of a common data model robust and flexible enough to serve the identified use cases. We then introduce a mechanism that allows to add thematic information to those classes. We also present some possibilities of the use of the data model. We end this paper by evoking the future improvements of the data model.

International audience

International audience

International audience

International audience; Using a tilted field geometry, the effect of an in-plane magnetic field on the even denominator nu = 5/2 fractional quantum Hall state is studied. The energy gap of the nu = 5/2 state is found to collapse linearly with the in-plane magnetic field above ~0.5 T. In contrast, a strong enhancement of the gap is observed for the nu = 7/3 state. The radically distinct tilted-field behaviour between the two states is discussed in terms of Zeeman and magneto-orbital coupling within the context of the proposed Moore-Read pfaffian wavefunction for the 5/2 fractional quantum Hall effect.

A study of the resistively detected nuclear magnetic resonance (RDNMR) lineshape in the vicinity of $\nu=1$ was performed on a high-mobility 2D electron gas formed in GaAs/AlGaAs. In higher Landau levels, application of an RF field at the nuclear magnetic resonance frequency coincides with an observed minimum in the longitudinal resistance, as predicted by the simple hyperfine interaction picture. Near $\nu=1$ however, an anomalous dispersive lineshape is observed where a resistance peak follows the usual minimum. In an effort to understand the origin of this anomalous peak we have studied the resonance under various RF and sample conditions. Interestingly, we show that the lineshape can be completely inverted by simply applying a DC current. We interpret this as evidence that the minima and maxima in the lineshape originate from two distinct mechanisms., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, EP2DS 17, to be published in Physica E

Hydro-Québec has used a new approach for Reliability Assessment with a prototype called FIORD, a French acronym for a global reliability assessment system. What were the context and the reasons for these new developments? What's new in this approach? How does it work? What did it bring? In the context of recommending a distribution MV grid automation program, Hydro-Québec had to evaluate the benefits of various automation scenarios in order to compare the expected improvements with the present situation. The study had to cover the entire distribution MV grid, using input data representing correctly the present situation and simulation techniques which are sensitive to various scenarios according to the improvements brought by new technologies. In order to fulfill these requirements, a new global approach had to be introduced. The FIORD prototype is based on a new method for the calculation of outage duration for each delivery point: • Detailed simulation of the Outage / Restoration process • System modelling representing: protection, switching, monitoring, communication, remote control, etc. • Analysis and reasoning • Decision making and action In addition, each study covers a set of feeders – possibly a region or the whole distribution MV grid – where various scenarios are compared. In each scenario, automatic modifications of feeders' topology and equipment are brought according to designer's rules. This global approach allowed Hydro-Quebec to quantify the improvement of the reliability of its distribution MV grid due to 9 major scenarios. Such a study would have been impossible with the available reliability assessment tools: • 24300 studies would have been necessary with present software. • Restoration time for a delivery point would not have taken into account the particularities of each scenario. Therefore, the new global approach developed for FIORD is a technical Breakthrough. Upgrading existing tools in order to include FIORD's new approach becomes a necessity. Now, the new methodology developed for this prototype has to be incorporated into a commercial high quality software and benefit of all its valuable features.

From an anchor position in the sciences of linguistics and engineering, this article continues with a pluridisciplinary research work led in the framework of a specific Document and Organisation action under the ægis of the RTP33 on the document. It aims at demonstrating the contribution of the organisational context to document processing, contribution which, we believe, lays the basis of the formalisation of new practices within the context of a numerical document.

If the critical reading of dominant media presents itself as a combat where the altermondialist movement must be active, the strategy of resistance to the diktats of the dominant ideologies also passes by the appropriation of most recent communication and information technologies and the creation of alternative media defending of the values other than those of the market, making it possible the social movements to reach a certain media emancipation. The initiatives going in this direction multiplied these last years, revealing the emergence of sociotechnic devices carried by an informational militancy whose existence even is due to the committal for trial of journalistic constructions and to the production of autonomous representations of the movement. One can undoubtedly advance the idea of the construction of a transnational media repertory suitable for the altermondialist movement, a media public space multiform, made communities of action and varied spaces of representation, and in which dimensions at the same time local, national and international interpenetrate in a strong way. Without having the means of advancing that such public spaces (such that they are given to see through case of Attac-information or other initiatives) contribute indeed to the mobilization of the action, one can undoubtedly more easily think than their existence at least makes it possible to ensure a better representation of the interests of the altermondialists fights and to contribute to construction of the symbolic system of the identities of a movement in full growth, beyond the militant circles which work directly with its construction. During former work, we defended the idea that, overall, these "new" public spaces were the place of a rebuilding of certain figures of social and political criticism and that they were carrying speech contradicting the idea of a depoliticization and an orientation towards testimony compassionnel of the public forms of expression. Although last research which we undertook (in particular the case of Attac-information) does not contradict the more marked character of the repertories of the public word, the attention which we carried here to the effective operation of the one of these informational spaces, leads us however to specify that the relative toughening of spaces of representation, does not attest to in no case in an automatic way of an ideological strengthening of the communities of action which carry them.

If the critical reading of dominant media presents itself as a combat where the altermondialist movement must be active, the strategy of resistance to the diktats of the dominant ideologies also passes by the appropriation of most recent communication and information technologies and the creation of alternative media defending of the values other than those of the market, making it possible the social movements to reach a certain media emancipation. The initiatives going in this direction multiplied these last years, revealing the emergence of sociotechnic devices carried by an informational militancy whose existence even is due to the committal for trial of journalistic constructions and to the production of autonomous representations of the movement. One can undoubtedly advance the idea of the construction of a transnational media repertory suitable for the altermondialist movement, a media public space multiform, made communities of action and varied spaces of representation, and in which dimensions at the same time local, national and international interpenetrate in a strong way. Without having the means of advancing that such public spaces (such that they are given to see through case of Attac-information or other initiatives) contribute indeed to the mobilization of the action, one can undoubtedly more easily think than their existence at least makes it possible to ensure a better representation of the interests of the altermondialists fights and to contribute to construction of the symbolic system of the identities of a movement in full growth, beyond the militant circles which work directly with its construction. During former work, we defended the idea that, overall, these "new" public spaces were the place of a rebuilding of certain figures of social and political criticism and that they were carrying speech contradicting the idea of a depoliticization and an orientation towards testimony compassionnel of the public forms of expression. Although last research which we undertook (in particular the case of Attac-information) does not contradict the more marked character of the repertories of the public word, the attention which we carried here to the effective operation of the one of these informational spaces, leads us however to specify that the relative toughening of spaces of representation, does not attest to in no case in an automatic way of an ideological strengthening of the communities of action which carry them.

If the critical reading of dominant media presents itself as a combat where the altermondialist movement must be active, the strategy of resistance to the diktats of the dominant ideologies also passes by the appropriation of most recent communication and information technologies and the creation of alternative media defending of the values other than those of the market, making it possible the social movements to reach a certain media emancipation. The initiatives going in this direction multiplied these last years, revealing the emergence of sociotechnic devices carried by an informational militancy whose existence even is due to the committal for trial of journalistic constructions and to the production of autonomous representations of the movement. One can undoubtedly advance the idea of the construction of a transnational media repertory suitable for the altermondialist movement, a media public space multiform, made communities of action and varied spaces of representation, and in which dimensions at the same time local, national and international interpenetrate in a strong way. Without having the means of advancing that such public spaces (such that they are given to see through case of Attac-information or other initiatives) contribute indeed to the mobilization of the action, one can undoubtedly more easily think than their existence at least makes it possible to ensure a better representation of the interests of the altermondialists fights and to contribute to construction of the symbolic system of the identities of a movement in full growth, beyond the militant circles which work directly with its construction. During former work, we defended the idea that, overall, these "new" public spaces were the place of a rebuilding of certain figures of social and political criticism and that they were carrying speech contradicting the idea of a depoliticization and an orientation towards testimony compassionnel of the public forms of expression. Although last research which we undertook (in particular the case of Attac-information) does not contradict the more marked character of the repertories of the public word, the attention which we carried here to the effective operation of the one of these informational spaces, leads us however to specify that the relative toughening of spaces of representation, does not attest to in no case in an automatic way of an ideological strengthening of the communities of action which carry them.

What does it mean to find one's place in a book ? Some authors assert that the web actualises the dream of Emmanuel Kant that reason is an independent entity , where each one of us plays a part in its construction. Is this the core of the enlightment ? In his minor works and his correspondence Kant wrote about the book and about reading. We should distinguish between Kant's own concept and the uses to which it is put today. In his work he speaks of the courage necessary to think, of the publisher's responsibility, of the theoretical and practical components of thought. From the perspective of Kant's writings, we can see that our view of hypertext is too preoccupied with the instrument of communication itself to the detriment of understanding what might be communicated.