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11 results on '"Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)"'

1. Extrusion of subducted crust explains the emplacement of far-travelled ophiolites

Author

Porkoláb, K., Duretz, T., Yamato, P., Auzemery, A., Willingshofer, E., Tectonics, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 674899,H2020,H2020-MSCA-ITN-2015,SUBITOP(2016), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Tectonics

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry(all), Science, Geochemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Physics and Astronomy(all), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Ophiolite, Geodynamics, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Obduction, Oceanic crust, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Multidisciplinary, Subduction, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Continental crust, Tectonics, Crust, General Chemistry, Plate tectonics, 13. Climate action, Geology, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
Abstract

Continental subduction below oceanic plates and associated emplacement of ophiolite sheets remain enigmatic chapters in global plate tectonics. Numerous ophiolite belts on Earth exhibit a far-travelled ophiolite sheet that is separated from its oceanic root by tectonic windows exposing continental crust, which experienced subduction-related high pressure-low temperature metamorphism during obduction. However, the link between continental subduction-exhumation dynamics and far-travelled ophiolite emplacement remains poorly understood. Here we combine data collected from ophiolite belts worldwide with thermo-mechanical simulations of continental subduction dynamics to show the causal link between the extrusion of subducted continental crust and the emplacement of far-travelled ophiolites. Our results reveal that buoyancy-driven extrusion of subducted crust triggers necking and breaking of the overriding oceanic upper plate. The broken-off piece of oceanic lithosphere is then transported on top of the continent along a flat thrust segment and becomes a far-travelled ophiolite sheet separated from its root by the extruded continental crust. Our results indicate that the extrusion of the subducted continental crust and the emplacement of far-travelled ophiolite sheets are inseparable processes., The interplay between continental subduction exhumation dynamics and the obduction of ophiolite sheets remains enigmatic. Here, the authors show that the extrusion of the subducted continental upper crust triggers the necking and breaking of the oceanic upper plate and leads to far-travelled ophiolite sheet emplacement.

Published
2021

2. Global warming-induced Asian hydrological climate transition across the Miocene–Pliocene boundary

Author

Zhangdong Jin, Zhisheng An, Andrew P. Roberts, Jean-Baptiste Ladant, Zhonghui Liu, Qiang Sun, Christopher J. Poulsen, Peng Zhang, Xinxia Li, Qingsong Liu, Xianzhe Peng, Guoxiong Wu, Mark J. Dekkers, Xiaodong Liu, Xiaoke Qiang, Alexis Licht, Ran Zhang, Eelco J. Rohling, Guillaume Dupont-Nivet, John C. H. Chiang, Yong Xu, Feng Wu, Ann Holbourn, Chao Ma, Weijian Zhou, Wolfgang Kuhnt, Xinzhou Li, Hong Ao, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Xi’an], Australian National University (ANU), University of Southampton, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Southern University of Science and Technology [Shenzhen] (SUSTech), The University of Hong Kong (HKU), China Geological Survey, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Xi'an University of Science and Technology, University of California [Berkeley], University of California, Chengdu University of Technology (CDUT), China University of Geosciences [Wuhan] (CUG), Nanjing University (NJU), European Project: 649081,H2020,ERC-2014-CoG,MAGIC(2015), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Applied Sciences Potsdam (FHP), Institute of Earth Environment [Xi’an], Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Paleomagnetic Laboratory Fort Hoofddijk [Utrecht], Universiteit Utrecht, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), University of Washington [Seattle], University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), This study was supported financially by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Strategic Priority Research Program (XDB 40000000), the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program (2019QZKK0707), the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences (QYZDB-SSW-DQC021), the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Australian Research Council (ARC) Australian Laureate Fellowship grant FL120100050 to E.J.R., ARC grant DP120103952 to A.P.R., ERC consolidator grant MAGIC 649081 to G.D.-N., and Heising-Simons Foundation Grant #2016-05 to C.J.P., and Paleomagnetism

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry(all), Science, Population, General Physics and Astronomy, Late Miocene, Physics and Astronomy(all), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Monsoon, Palaeoclimate, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Climate change, East Asia, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Global warming, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, Aridification, Climatology, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Aeolian processes, Climate model, Geology, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
Abstract

Across the Miocene–Pliocene boundary (MPB; 5.3 million years ago, Ma), late Miocene cooling gave way to the early-to-middle Pliocene Warm Period. This transition, across which atmospheric CO2 concentrations increased to levels similar to present, holds potential for deciphering regional climate responses in Asia—currently home to more than half of the world’s population— to global climate change. Here we find that CO2-induced MPB warming both increased summer monsoon moisture transport over East Asia, and enhanced aridification over large parts of Central Asia by increasing evaporation, based on integration of our ~1–2-thousand-year (kyr) resolution summer monsoon records from the Chinese Loess Plateau aeolian red clay with existing terrestrial records, land-sea correlations, and climate model simulations. Our results offer palaeoclimate-based support for ‘wet-gets-wetter and dry-gets-drier’ projections of future regional hydroclimate responses to sustained anthropogenic forcing. Moreover, our high-resolution monsoon records reveal a dynamic response to eccentricity modulation of solar insolation, with predominant 405-kyr and ~100-kyr periodicities between 8.1 and 3.4 Ma., Global warming drove ‘wet gets wetter and dry gets drier’ climate shifts in Asia ~5.3 million years ago with monsoon pacing by ~400,000 and ~ 100,000 year cycles. This could be a template for future Asian climate response to anthropogenic warming.

Published
2021

3. EULAR points to consider for the use of big data in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases

Author

Simon Stones, Christian Pristipino, Rémy Choquet, Francis Berenbaum, Axel Finckh, Laure Gossec, Hervé Servy, Timothy R D J Radstake, Gerd R Burmester, Tanja Stamm, Joanna Kedra, Aridaman Pandit, David Gomez-Cabrero, Xenofon Baraliakos, Service de rhumatologie [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (GRC-08 EEMOIS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Université (SU), University Medical Center [Utrecht], University of Leeds, Service de rhumatologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum], Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Laboratoire d'Informatique Médicale et Ingénierie des Connaissances en e-Santé (LIMICS), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Service de Rhumatologie [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
Big Data, Data Analysis, Privacy by Design, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Big data, Immunology, Information Storage and Retrieval, Biochemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Field (computer science), Machine Learning, outcomes research, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Rheumatology, Multidisciplinary approach, Rheumatic Diseases, Medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Musculoskeletal Diseases, 030304 developmental biology, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, ddc:616, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.RSOA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, Data collection, Evidence-Based Medicine, business.industry, Information Dissemination, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Data Collection, Evidence-based medicine, Benchmarking, Data science, health services research, 3. Good health, Data sharing, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Outcomes research, [SDV.MHEP.RSOA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, epidemiology, business, Confidentiality, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
Abstract

BackgroundTremendous opportunities for health research have been unlocked by the recent expansion of big data and artificial intelligence. However, this is an emergent area where recommendations for optimal use and implementation are needed. The objective of these European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) points to consider is to guide the collection, analysis and use of big data in rheumatic and musculoskeletal disorders (RMDs).MethodsA multidisciplinary task force of 14 international experts was assembled with expertise from a range of disciplines including computer science and artificial intelligence. Based on a literature review of the current status of big data in RMDs and in other fields of medicine, points to consider were formulated. Levels of evidence and strengths of recommendations were allocated and mean levels of agreement of the task force members were calculated.ResultsThree overarching principles and 10 points to consider were formulated. The overarching principles address ethical and general principles for dealing with big data in RMDs. The points to consider cover aspects of data sources and data collection, privacy by design, data platforms, data sharing and data analyses, in particular through artificial intelligence and machine learning. Furthermore, the points to consider state that big data is a moving field in need of adequate reporting of methods and benchmarking, careful data interpretation and implementation in clinical practice.ConclusionThese EULAR points to consider discuss essential issues and provide a framework for the use of big data in RMDs.

Published
2019

4. Unexpected Receptor Functional Mimicry Elucidates Activation of Coronavirus Fusion

Author

Maria Zambon, Antonio Lanzavecchia, Joost Snijder, M. Alejandra Tortorici, Elisabetta Cameroni, Xiaoli Xiong, David Veesler, Robin Gopal, Joel Quispe, Mian Dai, Young-Jun Park, Félix A. Rey, Davide Corti, Alexandra C. Walls, Department of Biochemistry [Washington ], University of Washington [Seattle], Virologie Structurale - Structural Virology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Humabs BioMed SA, Public Health England [London], The Francis Crick Institute [London], Scuola Universitaria Professionale della Svizzera italiana, This study was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM120553, D.V.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (HHSN272201700059C, D.V.), a Pew Biomedical Scholars Award (D.V.), an Investigators in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease Award from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund (D.V.), the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (Rubicon 019.2015.2.310.006, J.S.), the European Molecular Biology Organization (ALTF933-2015, J.S.), the Zoonoses Anticipation and Preparedness Initiative (IMI115760, F.A.R.), the Pasteur Institute (M.A.T. and F.A.R.), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (F.A.R.), the LabEx Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases (F.A.R.), the University of Washington Arnold and Mabel Beckman CryoEM Center and Proteomics Resource (UWPR95794), and the beamline 5.0.1 at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkley National Laboratory., We are grateful to Thomas Hinds and Ning Zheng for assistance with the crystallization robot and BLI device, to Jerome Cattin-Ortolà, Irini Topalidou, and Michael Ailion for assistance with western blotting, and to Michelle Chen (Wyatt technology) for her help with the light scattering experiments, ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
class I fusion protein, MESH: Coronavirus Infections, viruses, MESH: Virus Internalization, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cell, membrane fusion, coronavirus, MESH: Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, medicine.disease_cause, Antibodies, Viral, Biochemistry, MESH: Antibodies, Monoclonal, MESH: Antibodies, Neutralizing, MERS-CoV, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Chlorocebus aethiops, Chlorocebus aethiops, MESH: Coronavirus, MESH: Animals, MESH: Immunity, Humoral, Receptor, spike glycoprotein, Coronavirus, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Fusion, Antibodies, Monoclonal, virus diseases, SARS-CoV, 3. Good health, Cell biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, MESH: HEK293 Cells, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, Receptors, Virus, MESH: Molecular Mimicry, Antibody, Coronavirus Infections, Protein Binding, N-linked glycosylation, MESH: SARS Virus, MESH: Vero Cells, Biology, Article, Virus, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, medicine, Animals, Humans, glycoproteomics, MESH: Protein Binding, neutralizing antibodies, Vero Cells, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Molecular Mimicry, MESH: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, Lipid bilayer fusion, Correction, Virus Internalization, medicine.disease, Virology, Antibodies, Neutralizing, MESH: Receptors, Virus, Immunity, Humoral, HEK293 Cells, chemistry, biology.protein, Mimicry, Middle East respiratory syndrome, Glycoprotein, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MESH: Antibodies, Viral, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
Abstract

Recent outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome, along with the threat of a future coronavirus-mediated pandemic, underscore the importance of finding ways to combat these viruses. The trimeric spike transmembrane glycoprotein S mediates entry into host cells and is the major target of neutralizing antibodies. To understand the humoral immune response elicited upon natural infections with coronaviruses, we structurally characterized the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV S glycoproteins in complex with neutralizing antibodies isolated from human survivors. Although the two antibodies studied blocked attachment to the host cell receptor, only the anti-SARS-CoV S antibody triggered fusogenic conformational changes via receptor functional mimicry. These results provide a structural framework for understanding coronavirus neutralization by human antibodies and shed light on activation of coronavirus membrane fusion, which takes place through a receptor-driven ratcheting mechanism. Structural analysis of the SARS-CoV S and MERS-CoV S glycoproteins in complex with neutralizing antibodies from human survivors sheds light into the mechanisms of membrane fusion and neutralization

Published
2019

5. Nitrogen-rich organic soils under warm well-drained conditions are global nitrous oxide emission hotspots

Author

Pärn, Jaan, Verhoeven, Jos T.A., Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Dise, Nancy B., Ullah, Sami, Aasa, Anto, Egorov, Sergey, Espenberg, Mikk, Järveoja, Järvi, Jauhiainen, Jyrki, Kasak, Kuno, Klemedtsson, Leif, Kull, Ain, Laggoun-Défarge, Fatima, Lapshina, Elena D., Lohila, Annalea, Lõhmus, Krista, Maddison, Martin, Mitsch, William J., Müller, Christoph, Niinemets, Ülo, Osborne, Bruce, Pae, Taavi, Salm, Jüri Ott, Sgouridis, Fotis, Sohar, Kristina, Soosaar, Kaido, Storey, Kathryn, Teemusk, Alar, Tenywa, Moses M., Tournebize, Julien, Truu, Jaak, Veber, Gert, Villa, Jorge A., Zaw, Seint Sann, Mander, Ülo, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Department of Geography, Tartu, University of Tartu, School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University [Keele], Ecology and Biodiversity, Departement of Biology, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Institute of Meteoroly and Climate Research, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Department of Earth Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), UNESCO Chair of Environnemental Dynamics and Climate Change, Yugra State University, Atmospheric Composition Research [Helsinki], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Department of Botany [Tartu], Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu], University of Tartu-University of Tartu, Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Estonian Fund for Nature, School of Geographical Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University [Kampala, Ouganda] (MAK), Hydrosystems and Bioprocesses Research Unit, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Grupo de Investigación Aplicada al Medio Ambiente, Corporacion Universitaria Lasallista, Forest Resource Environment Development and Conservation Association, ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Estonian University of Life Sciences, Makerere University (MAK), ANR-10-LABX-100-01/10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, and Ecology and Biodiversity

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry(all), Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Flux, Physics and Astronomy(all), 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Orders of magnitude (specific energy), ddc:550, Author Correction, lcsh:Science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Water content, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, GB, Multidisciplinary, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Chemistry, Nitrous oxide, 15. Life on land, Ozone depletion, 6. Clean water, Nitrogen rich, Earth sciences, Agriculture and Soil Science, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental chemistry, Greenhouse gas, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a powerful greenhouse gas and the main driver of stratospheric ozone depletion. Since soils are the largest source of N2O, predicting soil response to changes in climate or land use is central to understanding and managing N2O. Here we find that N2O flux can be predicted by models incorporating soil nitrate concentration (NO3−), water content and temperature using a global field survey of N2O emissions and potential driving factors across a wide range of organic soils. N2O emissions increase with NO3− and follow a bell-shaped distribution with water content. Combining the two functions explains 72% of N2O emission from all organic soils. Above 5 mg NO3−-N kg−1, either draining wet soils or irrigating well-drained soils increases N2O emission by orders of magnitude. As soil temperature together with NO3− explains 69% of N2O emission, tropical wetlands should be a priority for N2O management.

Published
2018

6. Monitoring emissions from the 2015 Indonesian fires using CO satellite data

Author

Nechita-Banda, Narcisa, Krol, Maarten, Van Der Werf, Guido R., Kaiser, Johannes W., Pandey, Sudhanshu, Huijnen, Vincent, Clerbaux, Cathy, Coheur, Pierre, Deeter, Merritt N., Röckmann, Thomas, Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research [Utrecht] (IMAU), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Meteorology and Air Quality Department [Wageningen] (MAQ), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences [Amsterdam] (FALW), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Marine and Atmospheric Research, and Earth Sciences

Subjects
Meteorologie en Luchtkwaliteit, biomass burning, Peat, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Troposphere, SDG 13 - Climate Action, media_common, El Nino-Southern Oscillation, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, Air Pollutants, Carbon Monoxide, Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all), Articles, Sciences bio-médicales et agricoles, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Biologie, Research Article, Pollution, Meteorology and Air Quality, media_common.quotation_subject, chemistry.chemical_element, Infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, MOPITT, Fires, Atmosphere, satellite data, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], WIMEK, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), emissions, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Indonesia, Remote Sensing Technology, atmosphere, peat, Environmental science, Carbon, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
Abstract

Southeast Asia, in particular Indonesia, has periodically struggled with intense fire events. These events convert substantial amounts of carbon stored as peat to atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and significantly affect atmospheric composition on a regional to global scale. During the recent 2015 El Niño event, peat fires led to strong enhancements of carbon monoxide (CO), an air pollutant and well-known tracer for biomass burning. These enhancements were clearly observed from space by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instruments. We use these satellite observations to estimate CO fire emissions within an inverse modelling framework. We find that the derived CO emissions for each sub-region of Indonesia and Papua are substantially different from emission inventories, highlighting uncertainties in bottom-up estimates. CO fire emissions based on either MOPITT or IASI have a similar spatial pattern and evolution in time, and a 10% uncertainty based on a set of sensitivity tests we performed. Thus, CO satellite data have a high potential to complement existing operational fire emission estimates based on satellite observations of fire counts, fire radiative power and burned area, in better constraining fire occurrence and the associated conversion of peat carbon to atmospheric CO2. A total carbon release to the atmosphere of 0.35–0.60 Pg C can be estimated based on our results. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The impact of the 2015/2016 El Niño on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications’., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2018

7. Vegetation response to exceptional global warmth during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2

Author

Heimhofer, Ulrich, Wucherpfennig, Nina, Adatte, Thierry, Schouten, Stefan, Schneebeli-Hermann, Elke, Gardin, Silvia, Keller, Gerta, Kentsch, Sarah, Kujau, Ariane, Organic geochemistry, non-UU output of UU-AW members, Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Organic geochemistry, and non-UU output of UU-AW members

Subjects
Chemistry(all), General Physics and Astronomy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Global Warming, Biochemistry, 01 natural sciences, forest, Phanerozoic, ddc:550, Anaerobiosis, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, Geography, article, conifer, Temperature, Vegetation, Plants, Anoxic waters, Cretaceous, Oceanography, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Coniferophyta, France, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Geology, 010506 paleontology, cooling, Science, Oceans and Seas, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Physics and Astronomy(all), Structural basin, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Magnoliophyta, vegetation, Stratigraphic section, angiosperm, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Palynology, nonhuman, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Paleontology, General Chemistry, TEX86, 15. Life on land, savanna, radiation, cell proliferation, 13. Climate action, cold stress, lcsh:Q, heat, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
Abstract

The Cenomanian–Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE2; ~94.5 million years ago) represents an episode of global-scale marine anoxia and biotic turnover, which corresponds to one of the warmest time intervals in the Phanerozoic. Despite its global significance, information on continental ecosystem response to this greenhouse episode is lacking. Here we present a terrestrial palynological record combined with marine-derived temperature data (TEX86) across an expanded OAE2 section from the Southern Provencal Basin, France. Despite high TEX86-derived temperature estimates reaching up to 38 °C, the continental hinterland did support a diverse vegetation, adapted to persist under elevated temperatures. A transient phase of climatic instability and cooling during OAE2 known as Plenus Cold Event (PCE) is marked by the proliferation of open, savanna-type vegetation rich in angiosperms at the expanse of conifer-dominated forest ecosystems. A rise in early representatives of Normapolles-type pollen during the PCE marks the initial radiation of this important angiosperm group. The Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 represents one of the warmest episodes in the last 250 million years. Here, the authors present spore-pollen data and temperature estimates (TEX86) across an expanded stratigraphic section illustrating the dynamic response of vegetation during this exceptionally warm interval.

Published
2018

8. The challenge of mapping the human connectome based on diffusion tractography

Author

Maier-Hein, Klaus H., Neher, Peter F., Houde, Jean Christophe, Côté, Marc Alexandre, Garyfallidis, Eleftherios, Zhong, Jidan, Chamberland, Maxime, Yeh, Fang Cheng, Lin, Ying Chia, Ji, Qing, Reddick, Wilburn E., Glass, John O., Chen, David Qixiang, Feng, Yuanjing, Gao, Chengfeng, Wu, Ye, Ma, Jieyan, Renjie, H., Li, Qiang, Westin, Carl Fredrik, Deslauriers-Gauthier, Samuel, González, J. Omar Ocegueda, Paquette, Michael, St-Jean, Samuel, Girard, Gabriel, Rheault, François, Sidhu, Jasmeen, Tax, Chantal M.W., Guo, Fenghua, Mesri, Hamed Y., Dávid, Szabolcs, Froeling, Martijn, Heemskerk, Anneriet M., Leemans, Alexander, Boré, Arnaud, Pinsard, Basile, Bedetti, Christophe, Desrosiers, Matthieu, Brambati, Simona, Doyon, Julien, Sarica, Alessia, Vasta, Roberta, Cerasa, Antonio, Quattrone, Aldo, Yeatman, Jason, Khan, Ali R., Hodges, Wes, Alexander, Simon, Romascano, David, Barakovic, Muhamed, Auría, Anna, Esteban, Oscar, Lemkaddem, Alia, Thiran, Jean Philippe, Cetingul, H. Ertan, Odry, Benjamin L., Mailhe, Boris, Nadar, Mariappan S., Pizzagalli, Fabrizio, Prasad, Gautam, Villalon-Reina, Julio E., Galvis, Justin, Thompson, Paul M., Requejo, Francisco De Santiago, Laguna, Pedro Luque, Lacerda, Luis Miguel, Barrett, Rachel, Dell'Acqua, Flavio, Catani, Marco, Petit, Laurent, Caruyer, Emmanuel, Daducci, Alessandro, Dyrby, Tim B., Holland-Letz, Tim, Hilgetag, Claus C., Stieltjes, Bram, Descoteaux, Maxime, German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab [Sherbrooke] (SCIL), Département d'informatique [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), IMT Institute for Advanced Studies [Lucca], Department of Diagnostic Imaging [Memphis], St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science [Toronto], University of Toronto, Zhejiang University of Technology, Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co Ltd, Laboratory of Mathematics in Imaging [Boston], Brigham and Women's Hospital [Boston], Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas (CIMAT), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT), Computational Imaging of the Central Nervous System (ATHENA), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Image sciences institute - University of Utrecht (ISI), University Medical Center [Utrecht], Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montreal (CRIUGM), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for advanced research in sleep medicine, Montreal, Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology [Germaneto], National Research Council [Italy] (CNR), Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences [Washington], University of Washington [Seattle], Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario (UWO), Synaptive Medical Inc, Signal Processing Laboratory [Lausanne] (LTS5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Biomedical Image Technologies Lab, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Siemens Healthcare, Keck School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of Southern California (USC), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, King‘s College London, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle (GIN - UMR 5296), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Vision, Action et Gestion d'informations en Santé (VisAGeS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SIGNAUX ET IMAGES NUMÉRIQUES, ROBOTIQUE (IRISA-D5), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Hvidovre Hospital, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science [Lyngby] (DTU Compute), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg] (UKE), University Hospital Basel [Basel], Université de Montréal. Faculté des arts et des sciences. Département de psychologie, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale [Paris] (LIB), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], Université de Montréal [Montréal], Groupe d'imagerie neurofonctionnelle (GIN), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Caruyer, Emmanuel

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Databases, Factual, Chemistry(all), Computer science, [INFO.INFO-IM] Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, General Physics and Astronomy, computer.software_genre, Biochemistry, 0302 clinical medicine, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Diffusion Tractography, lcsh:Science, IN-VIVO, Reliability (statistics), Telecomunicaciones, Ground truth, BRAIN FIBER PATHWAYS, PHANTOMS, Multidisciplinary, Orientation (computer vision), Brain, Human Connectome, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Mapping, Connectome, Electrónica, WHITE-MATTER, Algorithms, Tractography, Nervous system, GLOBAL TRACTOGRAPHY, Medicina, Science, Physics and Astronomy(all), Machine learning, LINEAR REGISTRATION, VALIDATION, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Medical research, Journal Article, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Humans, MRI TRACTOGRAPHY, Author Correction, MICROSTRUCTURE INFORMED TRACTOGRAPHY, OCCIPITAL FASCICULUS, human connectome, business.industry, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Reproducibility of Results, General Chemistry, Computational biology and bioinformatics, Data set, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Q, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Neuroscience
Abstract

Tractography based on non-invasive diffusion imaging is central to the study of human brain connectivity. To date, the approach has not been systematically validated in ground truth studies. Based on a simulated human brain data set with ground truth tracts, we organized an open international tractography challenge, which resulted in 96 distinct submissions from 20 research groups. Here, we report the encouraging finding that most state-of-the-art algorithms produce tractograms containing 90% of the ground truth bundles (to at least some extent). However, the same tractograms contain many more invalid than valid bundles, and half of these invalid bundles occur systematically across research groups. Taken together, our results demonstrate and confirm fundamental ambiguities inherent in tract reconstruction based on orientation information alone, which need to be considered when interpreting tractography and connectivity results. Our approach provides a novel framework for estimating reliability of tractography and encourages innovation to address its current limitations., Though tractography is widely used, it has not been systematically validated. Here, authors report results from 20 groups showing that many tractography algorithms produce both valid and invalid bundles.

Published
2017

9. Plant diversity effects on grassland productivity are robust to both nutrient enrichment and drought

Author

Craven, Dylan, Isbell, Forest, Manning, Pete, Connolly, John, Bruelheide, Helge, Ebeling, Anne, Roscher, Christiane, van Ruijven, Jasper, Weigelt, Alexandra, Wilsey, Brian, Beierkuhnlein, Carl, de Luca, Enrica, Griffin, John N., Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andy, Jentsch, Anke, Kreyling, Jürgen, Lanta, Vojtech, Loreau, Michel, Meyer, Sebastian T., Mori, Akira S., Naeem, Shahid, Palmborg, Cecilia, Wayne Polley, H., Reich, Peter B., Schmid, Bernhard, Siebenkäs, Alrun, Seabloom, Eric, Thakur, Madhav P., Tilman, David, Vogel, Anja, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Leipzig University, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), University of Bern, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Wageningen University, Iowa State University (ISU), University of Bayreuth, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Swansea University, Utrecht University [Utrecht], University of Oxford [Oxford], Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, University of South Bohemia, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Yokohama National University, Columbia University [New York], Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, ARS-USDA, USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Western Sydney University, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Ecology and Biodiversity, and Sub Ecology and Biodiversity

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Soil nutrients, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biodiversity, drought, 580 Plants (Botany), Biochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Global change drivers, Resource reduction, global change drivers, Nutrient, Taverne, 2. Zero hunger, Biomass (ecology), Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all), Ecology, food and beverages, Articles, Eutrophication, PE&RC, Grassland, Droughts, Europe, Productivity (ecology), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, soil nutrients, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Research Article, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Ecosystem, Plant Physiological Phenomena, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Drought, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Resource amendment, 15. Life on land, resource reduction, plant diversity, Plant diversity, 13. Climate action, Complementarity (molecular biology), North America, Species richness, resource amendment, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
Abstract

Global change drivers are rapidly altering resource availability and reducing biodiversity. Here we evaluate the extent to which biodiversity buffers ecosystem responses to increases or decreases in resource availability. For both types of resource alterations we hypothesized that relative changes in primary productivity would be lower in more diverse plant communities i.e. we expected resistance to resource alterations to increase with biodiversity. Further we hypothesized that plant communities with legumes and grasses would exhibit contrasting responses to changes in resource availability. We tested both hypotheses using a meta analysis of 16 grassland experiments across North America and Europe that manipulate plant species richness and nutrient or water availability. We show that plant diversity strongly buffered the relative magnitude of community response to increases in resource availability but did not influence community response to decreases in resource availability. The presence of legumes reduced the impact of increased resource availability on plant productivity while that of grasses had the opposite effect. In both cases functional composition had no effect when resource availability was reduced. Our results suggest that the capacity of biodiversity to mitigate impacts of resource alterations is contingent upon whether resource availability is increased or decreased as well as functional composition.

Published
2016

10. Data publication with the structural biology data grid supports live analysis

Author

Emil F. Pai, Qing R. Fan, Yousif Shamoo, Kevin D. Corbett, Dominika Borek, Tom Kirchhausen, James S. Fraser, Elizabeth Ransey, Stephanie M. Socias, Peter A. Meyer, Enrico Di Cera, Oleg V. Tsodikov, Jason S. McLellan, C. S. Raman, James Withrow, Mercè Crosas, Karen S. Anderson, Carlo Petosa, Filipe R. N. C. Maia, Gabrielle Rudenko, Yorgo Modis, Peng Gong, Walter J. Chazin, Zongchao Jia, Zbyszek Otwinowski, Adrian R. Ferré-D'Amaré, Yunsun Nam, Stephen C. Harrison, Sirano Dhe-Paganon, Joseph Schlessinger, Catherine L. Drennan, Kenneth D. Westover, Holger Sondermann, Richard H. G. Baxter, Marc Kvansakul, Ekaterina E. Heldwein, J. Christopher Fromme, Sean Crosson, Michael K. Rosen, Antonina Roll-Mecak, Robert J. Keenan, Tamir Gonen, Andrew C. Kruse, Ian Foster, Kanagalaghatta R. Rajashankar, Titus J. Boggon, Ming Lei, K. Christopher Garcia, Alexandre M. J. J. Bonvin, Michael S. Cosgrove, Amedeo Caflisch, Michael J. Eck, Brandt F. Eichman, Thomas U. Schwartz, Chung-I Chang, Rachelle Gaudet, Yizhi Jane Tao, Emily C. Tjon, Pedro Pereira, Jason Key, David B. Neau, Stephen C. Blacklow, Kay Diederichs, Hao Wu, Tom A. Rapoport, Alejandro Buschiazzo, Tom J. Brett, Piotr Sliz, Chris Botka, Niraj H. Tolia, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology [Boston] (DBCMP), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Laboratory of molecular and structural microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), NE-CAT and department of chemistry and chemical biology [Argonne], Cornell University, Departments of pharmacology and molecular biophysics and biochemistry [New Haven], Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry [New Haven], Yale University [New Haven], Bijovet center [Utrecht], Utrecht University [Utrecht], Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry [Dallas], University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center [Dallas], Department of Internal Medicine [St Louis], Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry [Zurich], University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Institute of Biological Chemistry (IBC Sinica), Academia Sinica, Departments of biochemistry and chemistry [Nashville], Vanderbilt University [Nashville], Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, SUNY Upstate Medical University, State University of New York (SUNY), University of Chicago, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute [Boston], Saint Louis University School of Medicine [St Louis], Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (DBCMP), Columbia University [New York], National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Bethesda] (NHLBI), Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute [Stanford], Stanford University School of Medicine [CA, USA], Harvard University [Cambridge], Wuhan Institute of Virology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute [Boston], Tufts University School of Medicine [Boston], Queen's University [Kingston], La Trobe University [Melbourne], Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Texas at Dallas [Richardson] (UT Dallas), Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), University of Maryland System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [Bethesda] (NINDS), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Rice University [Houston], University of Washington School of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Computer Science, University of Chicago, University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), Uppsala University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Howard Hughes Medical Institute [Ashburn], Fachbereich Biologie, University of Konstanz, Institute for Quantitative Social Sciences, Development of the Structural Biology Data Grid is funded by The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust 2016PG-BRI002 to PS and MC. Development of citation workflows is supported NSF 1448069 (to PS). DAA is being developed as a pilot project of the National Data Service, with additional funds to support storage and technology development, including NIH P41 GM103403 (NE-CAT) and 1S10RR028832 (HMS) and DOE DE-AC02-06CH11357, NIH 1U54EB020406-01, Big Data for Discovery Science Center, and NIST 60NANB15D077 (Globus Project), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry, Drennan, Catherine L., Schwartz, Thomas, Sub NMR Spectroscopy, NMR Spectroscopy, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Molecular and structural microbiology / Microbiología Molecular y Estructural [Montevideo], Cornell University [New York], Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Queen's University [Kingston, Canada], Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075 ), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Zurich, Sliz, Piotr, Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), University of California (UC), Harvard University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of Kentucky (UK), University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), Harrison, Seamus Conor [0000-0003-1480-1143], Modis, Yorgo [0000-0002-6084-0429], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Chemistry(all), Experiences, General Physics and Astronomy, computer.software_genre, Crystallography, X-Ray, Biochemistry, Software, Structural Biology, Databases, Genetic, Structure models, Macromolecular crystallography, media_common, Strukturbiologi, Uncategorized, Multidisciplinary, Crystallography, Data grid, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], Publications, X-ray scattering, 1.5 Resources and infrastructure (underpinning), 3100 General Physics and Astronomy, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], Networking and Information Technology R&D, Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD), The Internet, Data mining, Macromolecular Substances, media_common.quotation_subject, Science, 610 Medicine & health, 1600 General Chemistry, Biology, Physics and Astronomy(all), General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Synchrotron, 03 medical and health sciences, Databases, Genetic, Underpinning research, 1300 General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, ddc:570, 10019 Department of Biochemistry, Quality (business), Internet, business.industry, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Data quality, Experimental data, General Chemistry, Data science, 030104 developmental biology, Data access, Protein data-bank, Paradigm shift, X-Ray, 570 Life sciences, biology, Resolution, business, computer, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
Abstract

Access to experimental X-ray diffraction image data is fundamental for validation and reproduction of macromolecular models and indispensable for development of structural biology processing methods. Here, we established a diffraction data publication and dissemination system, Structural Biology Data Grid (SBDG; data.sbgrid.org), to preserve primary experimental data sets that support scientific publications. Data sets are accessible to researchers through a community driven data grid, which facilitates global data access. Our analysis of a pilot collection of crystallographic data sets demonstrates that the information archived by SBDG is sufficient to reprocess data to statistics that meet or exceed the quality of the original published structures. SBDG has extended its services to the entire community and is used to develop support for other types of biomedical data sets. It is anticipated that access to the experimental data sets will enhance the paradigm shift in the community towards a much more dynamic body of continuously improving data analysis., The validation and analysis of X-ray crystallographic data is essential for reproducibility and the development of crystallographic methods. Here, the authors describe a repository for crystallographic datasets and demonstrate some of the ways it could serve the crystallographic community.

Published
2016

11. MRI guided HIFU methods for the ablation of liver and renal cancers

Author

Chrit Moonen, Mario Ries, Baudouin Denis de Senneville, Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux (IMB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University Medical Center [Utrecht]

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Percutaneous, medicine.medical_treatment, Review, Biochemistry, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Patient safety, 0302 clinical medicine, MRI HIFU, medicine, Journal Article, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Medicine(all), Rib cage, business.industry, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Ablation, High-intensity focused ultrasound, 3. Good health, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Tumor ablation, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Abdomen, business, Real-time, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Mri guided, Intercostal muscle, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
Abstract

MRI-guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (MRI-HIFU) is a promising method for the non-invasive ablation of pathological tissue in many organs, including mobile organs such as liver and kidney. The possibility to locally deposit thermal energy in a non-invasive way opens a path towards new therapeutic strategies with improved reliability and reduced associated trauma, leading to improved efficacy, reduced hospitalization and costs. Liver and kidney tumors represent a major health problem because not all patients are suitable for curative treatment with surgery. Currently, radio-frequency is the most used method for percutaneous ablation. The development of a completely non-invasive method based on MR guided high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatments is of particular interest due to the associated reduced burden for the patient, treatment related patient morbidity and complication rate. The objective of MR-guidance is hereby to control heat deposition with HIFU within the targeted pathological area, despite the physiological motion of these organs, in order to provide an effective treatment with a reduced duration and an increased level of patient safety. Regarding this, several technological challenges have to be addressed: Firstly, the anatomical location of both organs within the thoracic cage requires inter-costal ablation strategies, which preserve the therapeutic efficiency, but prevent undesired tissue damage to the ribs and the intercostal muscle. Secondly, both therapy guidance and energy deposition have to be rendered compatible with the continuous physiological motion of the abdomen.

Published
2016

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