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1. Quantifying the effects of species traits on predation risk in nature a comparative study of butterfly wing damage

Author

Toomas Tammaru, Robert B. Davis, Melissa R. L. Whitaker, Niklas Wahlberg, Juhan Javoiš, Ullasa Kodandaramaiah, James R. Carey, Erki Õunap, Freerk Molleman, Kwaku Aduse-Poku, Ants Kaasik, Andreas Prinzing, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune (IISER Pune), University of Tartu, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Harvard University [Cambridge], Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Lund University [Lund], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of California, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Grant Number: ATIP, Bixby International Travel Grant, Région Bretagne, European Regional Development Fund, Estonian Science Foundation. Grant Numbers: 9215, IUT20‐33, National Institute on Aging. Grant Numbers: PO1 AG022500‐01, PO1 AG608761‐10, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. Grant Numbers: DST/I, NSPIRE/04/2013/000476, Harvard University, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of California (UC)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Male, sex differences, Species complex, Zoology, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, defensive ecology, Predation, flight speed, symmetrical damage, Animals, Wings, Animal, Predator, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Wing, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, activity, Flight speed, restricted maximum likelihood, 15. Life on land, crypsis, ageing, Predatory Behavior, Crypsis, Butterfly, Animal Science and Zoology, Evolutionary ecology, Female, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Butterflies, Locomotion
Abstract

International audience; Evading predators is a fundamental aspect of the ecology and evolution of all prey animals. In studying the influence of prey traits on predation risk, previous researchers have shown that crypsis reduces attack rates on resting prey, predation risk increases with increased prey activity, and rapid locomotion reduces attack rates and increases chances of surviving predator attacks. However, evidence for these conclusions is nearly always based on observations of selected species under artificial conditions. In nature, it remains unclear how defensive traits such as crypsis, activity levels, and speed influence realized predation risk across species in a community. Whereas direct observations of predator-prey interactions in nature are rare, insight can be gained by quantifying bodily damage caused by failed predator attacks. 2). We quantified how butterfly species traits affect predation risk in nature by determining how defensive traits correlate with wing damage caused by failed predation attempts, thereby providing the first robust multi-species comparative analysis of predator-induced bodily damage in wild animals. 3). For 34 species of fruit-feeding butterflies in an African forest, we recorded wing damage and quantified crypsis, activity levels, and flight speed. We then tested for correlations between damage parameters and species traits using comparative methods that account for measurement error. 4). We detected considerable differences in the extent, location, and symmetry of wing surface loss among species, with smaller differences between sexes. We found that males (but not females) of species that flew faster had substantially less wing surface loss. However, we found no correlation between cryptic colouration and symmetrical wing surface loss across species. In species in which males appeared to be more active than females, males had a lower proportion of symmetrical wing surface loss than females. 5). Our results provide evidence that activity greatly influences the probability of attacks and that flying rapidly is effective for escaping pursuing predators in the wild, but we did not find evidence that cryptic species are less likely to be attacked while at rest.

Published
2020

2. Phenology of Predation on Insects in a Tropical Forest: Temporal Variation in Attack Rate on Dummy Caterpillars

Author

Katerina Sam, Triinu Remmel, Freerk Molleman, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Department of Plant Physiology, Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS)-University of South Bohemia, 9215, Eesti Teadusfondi, 14-32024P, Grantová Agentura České Republiky, Estonian Ministry of Education and Research, European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence FIBIR), MJD161, European Union through the European Social Fund's Mobilitas, UT8-3, Institutional Research Funding, Région Bretagne, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of South Bohemia -Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Numerical response, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], development time, Population Dynamics, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, artificial prey, functional response, medicine, Uganda, Caterpillar, Predator, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecology, Phenology, seasonality, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Lepidoptera, Beak, Habitat, sentinel caterpillar
Abstract

International audience; In communities of tropical insects, adult abundance tends to fluctuate widely, perhaps in part owing to predator–prey dynamics. Yet, temporal patterns of attack rates in tropical forest habitats have not been studied systematically; the identity of predators of insects in tropical forests is poorly known; and their responses to temporal variation in prey abundance have rarely been explored. We recorded incidence and shape of marks of attacks on dummy caterpillars (proxy of predation rate) in a sub-montane tropical forest in Uganda during a yearlong experiment, and explored correlations with inferred caterpillar abundance. Applying the highest and lowest observed daily attack rates on clay dummies over a realistic duration of the larval stage of butterflies, indicates that the temporal variation in attack rate could cause more than 10-fold temporal variation in caterpillar survival. Inferred predators were almost exclusively invertebrates, and beak marks of birds were very scarce. Attack rates by wasps varied more over time than those of ants. Attack rates on dummies peaked during the two wet seasons, and appeared congruent with inferred peaks in caterpillar density. This suggests (1) a functional response (predators shifting to more abundant resource) or adaptive timed phenology (predators timing activity or breeding to coincide with seasonal peaks in prey abundance) of predators, rather than a numerical response (predator populations increasing following peaks in prey abundance); and (2) that predation would dampen abundance fluctuations of tropical Lepidoptera communities

Published
2016

3. Material affects attack rates on dummy caterpillars in tropical forest where arthropod predators dominate: an experiment using clay and dough dummies with green colourants on various plant species

Author

Triinu Remmel, Katerina Sam, Freerk Molleman, Biology Centre ASCR, Institute of Entomology, University of South Bohemia -Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), 9215, Eesti Teadusfondi, 14-32024P, Grantová Agentura České Republiky, UT8-3, Estonian Ministry of Education and Research, SF0180122s08, Targeted Financing, European Union through the European Regional Development Fund, Région Bretagne, 156/2013/P, Grant Agency of University of South Bohemia, MJD161, European Union through the European Social Fund's Mobilitas postdoctoral grant, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
larval mortality, Herbivore, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, predator community, Nymphalidae, Charaxes fulvescens, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Predation, artificial prey, Lepidoptera, field method, Habitat, Insect Science, Crypsis, Arthropod, sentinel, Caterpillar, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

International audience; Predation can be one of the key factors that determine abundance in insect herbivore communities, and drive evolution of body size, and anti-predator traits, including crypsis. Population dynamics and selection pressures will depend on the identity of dominant predators in the system, and these may vary substantially among habitats. Arthropods emerge as chief predators on caterpillars in the understorey of non-montane tropical forest, whereas birds dominate elsewhere. In a tropical forest in Uganda, Africa, we evaluated marks on dummy caterpillars that differed in size, material (clay vs. dough), colourant, and plant species on which dummy caterpillars were exposed. We included live caterpillars to estimate the extent to which studies using artificial caterpillars reflect actual levels of predation. Ants and wasps were the most important damagers of dummy caterpillars, whereas bug and beetle damage was very rare, and no bird or small mammal damage was observed. Daily attack rates did not differ significantly from apparent mortality of live caterpillars (daily mortality = 12.1%), but dummy caterpillars made from dough were attacked more frequently (daily attack rate = 18.4%) than those from clay (daily attack rate = 6.9%). Caterpillars of different colour and size, and caterpillars exposed on different plant species had the same chances to be predated. This is in contrast to results from temperate area studies where birds dominate and are not affected by dummy caterpillar material, but prefer larger caterpillars. Our results are consistent with dominant predators on tropical forest caterpillars being invertebrates that are more chemically than visually oriented, so that: (1) material used for dummy caterpillars is important, (2) background matching is relatively unimportant, and (3) being large may have less of a cost. These patterns in predation might facilitate polyphagy and evolution of large body size in tropical Lepidoptera

Published
2015

4. Social and Ecological Correlates of Parasitic Infections in Adult Male Gray-Cheeked Mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena)

Author

Freerk Molleman, Peeter Hõrak, Colin A. Chapman, Lynne A. Isbell, Raivo Mänd, Małgorzata E. Arlet, James R. Carey, Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, University of Tartu, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)

Subjects
Nematodes, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Intestinal parasite, Biology, Lophocebus albigena, medicine.disease_cause, Parasite load, Helminths, Immigrants, medicine, Parasite hosting, Male rank, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Feces, Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, Animal Genetics and Genomics, Human Genetics, Fecal glucocorticoids, biology.organism_classification, Nematode, Animal ecology, Fecal testosterone, Anthropology, Animal Science and Zoology, Animal Ecology, Zoology
Abstract

International audience; Intestinal parasites may constitute an important evolutionary and ecological force. We aimed to identify social, physiological, and environmental factors that correlate with intestinal parasite infections in adult male gray-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena). We analyzed 102 fecal samples collected from 18 adult males over 19 mo for the incidence (proportions of samples with parasites) and intensity (total number of parasites per gram of feces) of infection of nematodes relative to social status, fecal glucocorticoid and testosterone metabolites, group size, and rainfall, all of which are factors that earlier studies suggested can be important mediators of parasite load. Parasite incidence was greater in immigrant males compared to low- and high-ranking males whereas parasite intensity was greater in immigrant males and low-ranking males compared to high-ranking males. Fecal samples with more parasites had higher concentrations of fecal glucocorticoid and testosterone metabolites than those with fewer parasites. As immigrant males had a greater incidence of parasites and higher concentrations of both metabolites than resident males, this profile appears to fit immigrant males best. We also found higher nematode intensities in mid-sized groups and during periods with more rainfall. Our results suggest that it will be fruitful for future studies to explore the role of immigrant males as spreaders of intestinal parasites.

Published
2015

5. Determinants of reproductive performance among female Gray-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena) in Kibale National Park, Uganda

Author

Małgorzata E. Arlet, James R. Carey, Ants Kaasik, Colin A. Chapman, Raivo Mänd, Lynne A. Isbell, Freerk Molleman, Rebecca Chancellor, Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, University of Tartu, Depatment of Anthropology and Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Department of Antrhopology, Sociobiology and Psychology, West Chester University, West Chester University-West Chester University, Department of Anthropology [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Conservation Sociecy, Department of Entomology, This research was supported by funds from the Leakey Foundation and the Department of Anthropology, University of California at Davis to R. L. Chancellor, NIH/NIA grants PO1 A6022500 and PO1 A608761 to J. R. Carey, 'Mobilitas' postdoctoral grant MJD56 to M. E. Arlet, and NSERC grants to C. A. Chapman. The Estonian Ministry of Education and Science and the European Regional Development Fund supported R. Mänd and F. Molleman (targeted financing projects numbers 0180004s09 and 0180122s08, ESF 9215,7406, 7699, 7522, 8413 and GD6019, Center of Excellence FIBIR)., Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Primates, Arboreal locomotion, Natural selection, biology, Reproductive success, Ecology, National park, Ficus, 15. Life on land, Lophocebus albigena, biology.organism_classification, Birth rate, Animal ecology, Female reproductive success, OldWorld monkeys, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Reproductive maturation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Demography
Abstract

International audience; Identifying the causes of differential reproductive success is key to understanding natural selection and the forces of selection operating on animals. Here we present results from a 9-yr (2004–2012) study of female reproductive performance in relation to mother’s age and rank, presence of immigrant males, rainfall, and fig fruit abundance in four groups of gray-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena) in Kibale National Park, Uganda. We found that females had a rank- and age-specific reproductive pattern, with high-ranking females maturing earlier, having their first births earlier, and exhibiting significantly slower reproductive aging than low-ranking females. We also found that both immigrant and resident males were associated with higher birth rates. Finally, we found that reproduction was aseasonal and did not correlate with rainfall, but that births correlated positively with the abundance of fruits of Ficus spp. Our results show broad similarities between arboreal, forest-dwelling gray-cheeked mangabeys and their more terrestrial, open habitat-dwelling papionin relatives in the importance of dominance rank in estrous cycle initiation, first reproduction, and reproductive aging.

Published
2015

6. Maternal Investment and Infant Survival in Gray-Cheeked Mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena)

Author

Rebecca Chancellor, Freerk Molleman, Małgorzata E. Arlet, Lynne A. Isbell, Raivo Mänd, Colin A. Chapman, James R. Carey, Ants Kaasik, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, University of Tartu, Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Depatment of Anthropology and Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Department of Antrhopology, Sociobiology and Psychology, West Chester University, West Chester University-West Chester University, Department of Anthropology [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Conservation Sociecy, Department of Entomology, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Primates, education.field_of_study, media_common.quotation_subject, Immigration, Population, Biology, Lophocebus albigena, biology.organism_classification, Infant mortality, Animal ecology, Reproductive strategies, Fitness, Animal Science and Zoology, Life history, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, education, Kibale National Park, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Sex ratio, media_common, Demography
Abstract

International audience; Differences among females in infant survival can contribute substantially to variance in fitness. Infant survival is a product of external risk factors and investment by kin, especially the mother, and is thus closely tied with the evolution of behavior and life history. Here we present a 9-yr study (2004–2012) of infant survival and sex ratio relative to age and dominance ranks of mothers and the presence of immigrant males in a free-ranging population of gray-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena) in Kibale National Park, Uganda.We consider immigrant males because they are known to increase infant mortality in several other species.We found that infants of older mothers had higher survival than those of younger mothers but that high rank did not confer a significant benefit on infant survival. Female infants had higher survival than male infants. Young, low-ranking females had more male infants than young, high-ranking females, which had slightly more daughters, but this difference declined as females aged because low-ranking females had more daughters as they aged. With limited data, we found a significantrelationship between the presence of male immigrants and infant mortality (falls and unexplained disappearances) to 18 mo. Our results suggest that infant survival in graycheeked mangabeys is most precarious when mothers must allocate energy to their own growth as well as to their infants, that sons of young mothers are at greatest risk, and that immigrant males can negatively affect infant survival.

Published
2014

7. Correlations between Social Context and Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolite Concentrations in Free-ranging Female Gray-cheeked Mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena) in Kibale National Park, Uganda

Author

Lynne A. Isbell, Małgorzata E. Arlet, Raivo Mänd, James R. Carey, Rebecca Chancellor, Freerk Molleman, Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, University of Tartu, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Depatment of Anthropology and Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Department of Antrhopology, Sociobiology and Psychology, West Chester University, West Chester University-West Chester University, Department of Entomology, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)

Subjects
Male, 0106 biological sciences, Metabolite, sexual swelling, Zoology, Lophocebus albigena, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Cercocebus atys, chemistry.chemical_compound, stress, Estrus, fecal glucocorticoid, medicine, Animals, Uganda, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Social Behavior, Glucocorticoids, Feces, immigrant males, Estrous cycle, Behavior, Animal, biology, National park, Ecology, 05 social sciences, Sexual swelling, Social environment, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, Female, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Glucocorticoid, medicine.drug
Abstract

International audience; An elevated concentration of glucocorticoids is an indicator of stress, and chronically high glucocorticoid levels are often associated with poor health and reduced fertility.We explored conditions that might be stressors in the lives of adult female gray-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena) by measuring fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM) concentrations. During a six-month study we collected 109 fecal samples from 28 adult females from five groups in Kibale National Park, Uganda. We examined fecal fGCM levels of individual females relative to their own reproductive status (cycling or not cycling) and that of other females and to the presence of newcomer (immigrant) males. We found elevated fGCM concentrations in females when other females in their groups were at the peak of sexual swelling, and when immigrant males joined the group.

Published
2013

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