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1. Sentinel-HR Phase 0 Report

Author: Julien Michel, Olivier Hagolle, Jean-Marc Delvit, Martin Thierry, Lebegue Laurent, David Laubier, Jean Philippe Mallet, Legenne Jérome, Joël Michaud, Vinasco-Salinas Juan, Christelle Iliopoulos, Sébastien Le Corre, Pauline Dusseux, Andreas Max Kääb, Hervé Yesou, Jeremie Mouginot, Stephanie Battiston, Stephen Clandillon, Bergsma, Erwin W. J., Etienne Berthier, Antoine Lucas, Jean-François Dejoux, Gérard Dedieu, Anne Puissant, Sylvain Ferrant, David Sheeren, Antoine Lefevre, Jean-Philippe Cantou, Jean-François Crétaux, Rafael Almar, Camille Lelong, Pierre Maurel, Jean-François Faure, Jean Nabucet, Thomas Corpetti, Pierre-Alexis Herrault, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales - Direction Des Lanceurs. (CNES), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales (PACTE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), University of Oslo (UiO), Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement (LIVE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Kermap [Rennes], Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (Nantes Univ - IGARUN), Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Humanités, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNES - Centre national d'études spatiales, CESBIO, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Météo-France -Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Empenn, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SIGNAL, IMAGE ET LANGAGE (IRISA-D6), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (NantesUniv – IGARUN), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (NantesUniv – IGARUN), and Michel, Julien
Subjects: Télédétection, Time archive, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Radiometry
Published: 2022

2. Dialogue entre les parties prenantes : un levier dans la mutation de la science chahutée par l'anthropocène

Author: Danielle Mitja, Anne Coudrain, Olivier Barrière, Begue, A., Marie-Paule Bonnet, Cubizolles, S., Gilbert David, Eric Delaître, Deleplace, J. M., Nadine Dessay, Jean-François Faure, Gervet, C., Le Duff, M., Longépée, E., Patel, P., Rousseau, V., Catherine Sabinot, Hiroo Saito, C., Tabau, A. S., Viale, F., HORIZON, IRD, and Bauer, M.W (ed.)
Subjects: VANUATU, SCIENCE, COMMUNICATION, LOYAUTE, PROJET DE RECHERCHE, MADAGASCAR, BRESIL, REUNION, ANTHROPISATION, PARTICIPATION POPULAIRE, [SHS.ENVIR] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, METHODOLOGIE
Published: 2022

3. Remote sensing products and services in support of agricultural public policies in Africa: overview and challenges

Author: Agnès Bégué, Louise Leroux, Mamy Soumaré, Jean-François Faure, Abdoul Aziz Diouf, Xavier Augusseau, Labaly Touré, Jean-Philippe Tonneau, Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), Centre de Suivi Ecologique [Dakar] (CSE), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Institut d’économie rurale de Bamako, UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Geomatica, Laboratoire Leidi ( dynamiques des territoires et développement) (Leidi), Université Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis Sénégal (UGB), and Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Earth observation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Imagerie par satellite, 01 natural sciences, EO-based services, Information system, 2. Zero hunger, early warning, Global and Planetary Change, Food security, lcsh:TP368-456, Ecology, Warning system, 1. No poverty, Capacity building, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, sécurité alimentaire, General partnership, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Télédétection, Public policy, lcsh:TX341-641, Horticulture, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Système d'alerte rapide, E10 - Économie et politique agricoles, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, land management, food security, 15. Life on land, Private sector, lcsh:Food processing and manufacture, 13. Climate action, Gestion foncière, satellite image, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Business, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, Politique agricole, Agronomy and Crop Science, geospatial information, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; In the last decade, governments, international institutions, donors, the private sector, etc. have shown a renewed interest in agricultural issues in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This interest came with a strong need for information in countries where the lack of reliable and timely basic information can be a problem. Thanks to its capacity to observe the Earth at local, regional, and global scales and from various vantage points, satellite remote sensing is a powerful tool to streamline the monitoring and improvement of the existing systems, and thus to support decision-making. However, the path from satellite images to public policy decisions is not straightforward, and today, only few operational information services are available in SSA countries (e.g., early warning systems for food security and desert locust plagues prevention, rangeland production forecasting). This paper aims to analyze the gap between the technical aspects of the remote sensing sciences and the pragmatic need for relevant data to address agricultural policies in Africa and produce operational recommendations. To achieve this goal, the authors (1) determine the information, and in particular the geoinformation, needed to develop, implement and evaluate agricultural public policies (2) illustrate the role of remote sensing as a public policy tool in SSA through an overview of the current off-the-shelf products and services derived from Earth Observation systems, and (3) propose an analysis of the existing gap between the remote sensing research community and the policy makers. Based on this review, the authors conclude that to benefit from this technological advancement and bridge the gap between technical analysts and policy makers, some key points are fundamental: capacity building, political will and institutional commitment, public-private partnership, and proofs of concept.
Published: 2020
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4. A Simulation Platform for Early Haptic Training in Surgical and Medical Education

Author: Laurent Eck, Bernard Devauchelle, Elie Cattan, Sylvain Bouchigny, Matthieu Nesme, François Faure, Julien Davrou, Christine Megard, Département Intelligence Ambiante et Systèmes Interactifs (DIASI), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, AnatoScope, Facing Faces Institute (IFF), Smart Multimedia: Second International Conference, and ANR-11-IDFI-0001,CPA SimUSanté,Développement d'un Centre de Pédagogie Active - Simulation Avancée en Santé(2011)
Subjects: 0209 industrial biotechnology, Medical education, education, 020205 medical informatics, Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, Magneto-rheological mechatronics, Mechatronics, simulation, Field (computer science), [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Task (project management), Patient safety, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Virtual patient, Adage, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Biomechanics, haptic, Curriculum, Haptic technology
Abstract: International audience; Haptic training in simulation is a rising pedagogical trend in medical education. It is a rather new field that appeared partly because the adage “see one, do one, teach one”, from a mentoring standpoint, is undesirable due to public consideration for patient safety. Teaching strength management for a given procedure is a difficult task. This is not a skill one can retrieve from books or by only “seeing” the procedure. It needs to be experienced by the trainee. For this matter, haptic training on virtual patients offers a good opportunity to tackle this problem at the price of a constant trade-off between what technology can do and the expectation of realism. The technology is expensive, complex to maintain and very specific. Many simulators on the market use low-end devices to maintain the cost and are therefore unable to simulate proper interactions with the virtual patient. The platform presented here is an ecosystem which aims to study how to extend haptic simulations on a broader range of applications. We present an approach using innovative mechatronics, based on purely resistive force, to reach better haptic feedback at lower cost. The system is designed to be compact and safe. It allows strong and high resolution feedback as well as easy integration in existing devices. This technology will help to extend haptic simulations earlier in the curriculum where the resident requires basic hands-on experience.
Published: 2019
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5. Skeletal quartz and dendritic biotite: Witnesses of primary disequilibrium growth textures in an alkali-feldspar granite

Author: Karine Pistre, Jean-Louis Paquette, Pierre Barbey, Jean-Paul Gremilliet, François Faure, Cyrille Delangle, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GeoRessources, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Terrae Genesis, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: Undercooling, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Granite, Geochemistry, Geology, Cordierite, engineering.material, Poikilitic, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Dendritic growth, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Albite, Geochemistry and Petrology, law, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, engineering, Plagioclase, Texture, Crystallization, Alkali feldspar, Quartz, Biotite, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; We describe a case of S-type alkali-feldspar granite (quartz/K-feldspar/plagioclase/ biotite/garnet ∼ 30/35/20/13/2 vol%) showing skeletal and dendritic textures. It consists of three nested units distinguishable by the size of biotite crystals: a first-emplaced unit characterized by small biotite flakes (0.4–9 mm); a second unit with cm-sized biotite platelets (0.3–28 mm) outlining a syn-magmatic foliation; and a third unit formed of large biotite plates (0.7–850 mm) showing dendritic and radial growth patterns.Quartz occurs mostly as rounded to euhedral grains, but also shows complex shapes (serrated outline, re-entrants, etc.). Cathodoluminescence imaging reveals that grains consist of both rounded and skeletal bluish cores (quartz-1) rimmed by reddish overgrowths (quartz-2) that lead locally to the coalescence of neighbouring grains and equilibrated texture. Biotite is poikilitic enclosing dominantly quartz grains but also in lesser amount plagioclase and garnet. In the third unit, biotite shows textures typical of dendritic growth (bifurcating, radiating or branching structures, skeletal core). Plagioclase (An≤25) occurs as small euhedral to subhedral grains scattered in the matrix or forming glomerophyric aggregates. K-feldspar (Or74–100) mostly forms an almost equilibrated mosaic of anhedral perthitic crystals; it also appears in association with albite as a secondary phase replacing plagioclase. The crystallization sequence started with garnet, then proceeded with quartz, plagioclase, biotite and K-feldspar, ended with cordierite, and was followed by subsolidus reequilibration.The variability in size and morphology of quartz and biotite is interpreted in terms of variable undercooling depending on temperature of the host-rocks and on more or less intense degassing of magma batches with variable melt water content. Here, rapid crystallization prevented significant textural reequilibration and allowed the initial crystallization textures of quartz to be preserved. Overall, this study shows that behind the common “coarse-grained” texture of quartz in granite, subsist primary disequilibrium crystallization textures.
Published: 2019
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6. Deciphering the conditions of tochilinite and cronstedtite formation in CM chondrites from low temperature hydrothermal experiments

Author: Laurent Tissandier, Yves Marrocchi, Lionel G. Vacher, François Faure, Régine Mosser-Ruck, Laurent Truche, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), GeoRessources, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Analytical chemistry, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Positive correlation, 01 natural sciences, Hydrothermal circulation, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chondrite, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 0103 physical sciences, CM chondrites, cronstedtite, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Amorphous solid, tochilinite 15 16, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, hydrothermal experiments, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Hydroxide
Abstract: International audience; Tochilinite/cronstedtite intergrowths are commonly observed as alteration products in CM chondrite matrices but the conditions under which they formed are still largely under-constrained due to their scarcity in terrestrial environments. Here we report low temperature (80°C) anoxic hydrothermal experiments using starting assemblages similar to the constituents of the matrices of the most pristine CM chondrite and S-rich and S-free fluids. Cronstedtite crystals formed only in S-free experiments under circumneutral conditions with the highest Fe/Si ratios. Fe-rich tochilinite with chemical and structural characteristics similar to chondritic tochilinite was observed in S-bearing experiments. We observed a positive correlation between the Mg content in the hydroxide layer of synthetic tochilinite and temperature, suggesting that the composition of tochilinite is a proxy for the alteration temperature in CM chondrites. Using this relation, we estimate the mean precipitation temperatures of tochilinite to be 120-160°C for CM chondrites. Given the different temperature ranges of tochilinite and cronstedtite in our experiments, we propose that Fe-rich tochilinite crystals resulted from the alteration of metal beads under S-bearing alkaline conditions at T = 120-160°C followed by cronstedtite crystals in formed by reaction of matrix amorphous silicates, metal beads, and water at low temperature (50–120°C).
Published: 2019
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7. Advances in Fluid and Melt Inclusion Research – European Current Research On Fluid Inclusions ECROFI 2017 – Nancy, France

Author: Alexandre Tarantola, Marie-Camille Caumon, François Faure, GeoRessources, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Intuitive Modeling and Animation for Interactive Graphics & Narrative Environments (IMAGINE ), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Fluid inclusions, Inclusion (mineral), Current (fluid), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Petrology, 01 natural sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019
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8. Geospatial information for African agriculture: A key investment for agricultural policies

Author: Xavier Augusseau, Agnès Bégué, Jean-François Faure, Benoît Mertens, Louise Leroux, Camille Pinet, Linda Tomasini, Jean-Philippe Tonneau, Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), IGN-France International (IGN FI), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 115 AIDA), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), IGN FI (IGN FI), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: Decision support system, Aide à la décision, Geospatial analysis, decision support, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, public policy, Geomatics, Public policy, computer.software_genre, satellite imagery, remote sensing, research in partnership, geomatics, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Système d'information géographique, Agricultural policy, Environmental planning, E10 - Économie et politique agricoles, agriculture, 2. Zero hunger, Food security, training, business.industry, End user, 1. No poverty, land use, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, food security, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, biophysical variables, Agriculture, Africa, Système de culture, Business, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, Politique agricole, computer, geographical information system
Abstract: International audience; Geospatial information and its derived products, designed to contribute to public agricultural policy making, are not widely used in Africa. The infrastructure, training and skills are lacking, and research and development activities are dispersed and inadequate. More importantly, needs are not formalised and technological resources, driven by the industrialised countries, are ill-adapted to the characteristics of agricultural systems in Africa. Moreover, companies, institutions and projects require a stable environment to ensure operational services, relevant products and useful information. These co-constructed services emerge within long-term partnerships between researchers, consultancies and end users. Research thus offers new opportunities for using satellite imagery to document and explain agricultural transformation processes. Finally, lasting interdisciplinary skills networks are needed to facilitate methodological and thematic exchanges.
Published: 2019
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9. L’information géospatiale au service de l’agriculture africaine, un investissement essentiel pour les politiques agricoles

Author: Xavier Augusseau, Jean-François Faure, Benoît Mertens, Louise Leroux, Camille Pinet, Agnès Bégué, Linda Tomasini, Jean-Philippe Tonneau, Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 115 AIDA), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), IGN FI, Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), IGN-France International (IGN FI), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, télédétection, politique publique, Afrique, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Système d'information géographique, système d’information géographique, variables biophysiques, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, E10 - Économie et politique agricoles, agriculture, 2. Zero hunger, géomatique, aide à la décision, formation, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, occupation des sols, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, sécurité alimentaire, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], imagerie satellitaire, recherche en partenariat, Système de culture, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Politique agricole
Abstract: International audience; Les informations géospatiales et leurs produits dérivés, conçus pour contribuer à la définition des politiques publiques agricoles, sont peu utilisés en Afrique. Les infrastructures, la formation et les compétences manquent ; les activités de recherche et développement sont dispersées et insuffisantes. Mais, surtout, les besoins restent mal formalisés et l’offre technologique, impulsée par les pays industrialisés, est peu adaptée aux caractéristiques des agricultures africaines. Par ailleurs, pour que des services opérationnels produisent de l’information pertinente et utile, un environnement stable doit être garanti aux entreprises, aux institutions et aux projets. Ces services co-construits naissent dans le cadre d’un partenariat pérenne entre les chercheurs, les opérateurs chargés des études et les utilisateurs finaux. La recherche ouvre alors d’autres voies d’exploitation des images satellitaires pour documenter et expliciter les processus de transformation de l’agriculture. Enfin, des réseaux de compétences interdisciplinaires structurés sur le temps long sont nécessaires pour favoriser les échanges méthodologiques et thématiques.
Published: 2019
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10. Anatomical augmented reality with 3D commodity tracking and image-space alignment

Author: Jocelyne Troccaz, Dinesh K. Pai, François Faure, Olivier Palombi, Armelle Bauer, Debanga Raj Neog, Ali-Hamadi Dicko, Intuitive Modeling and Animation for Interactive Graphics & Narrative Environments (IMAGINE ), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Gestes Medico-chirurgicaux Assistés par Ordinateur (TIMC-IMAG-GMCAO), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Computer Science Department (UBC-Computer Science), University of British Columbia (UBC), AnatoScope, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), ANR, Equipe action 'Living book of anatomy', GMCAO, and ANR-11-LABX-0025,PERSYVAL-lab,Systemes et Algorithmes Pervasifs au confluent des mondes physique et numérique(2011)
Subjects: Computer science, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, 02 engineering and technology, Augmented reality, Tracking (particle physics), Motion capture, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, Skinning, image warping, Computer graphics (images), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, motion capture, Computer vision, Image warping, Shader, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, business.industry, anatomical mirror, General Engineering, User-specific Anatomy, 020207 software engineering, Animation, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Human-Computer Interaction, Handled Occlusion, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Noise (video), Artificial intelligence, business
Abstract: International audience; This paper presents a mirror-like augmented reality (AR) system to display the internal anatomy of the current user. Using a single Microsoft V2.0 Kinect (later on referenced as the Kinect), we animate in real-time a user-specific model of internal anatomy according to the user’s motion and we superimpose it onto the user’s color map. Userscan visualize their anatomy moving as if they where looking inside their own bodies in real-time.A new calibration procedure to set up and attach a user-specific anatomy to the Kinect body tracking skeleton is introduced. At calibration time, the bone lengths are estimated using a set of poses. By using Kinect data as input, the practical limitation of skin correspondence in prior work is overcome. The generic 3D anatomical model is attached to the internal anatomy registration skeleton, and warped on the depth image using a novel elastic deformer subject to a closest-point registration force and anatomical constraints. The noise in Kinect outputs precludes direct display of realistic human anatomy. Therefore, to enforce anatomical plausibility, a novel filter to reconstruct plausiblemotions based on fixed bones lengths as well as realistic angular degrees of freedom DOFs) and limits are introduced. Anatomical constraints, applied to the Kinect body tracking skeleton joints, are used to maximize the physical plausibility of the anatomy motion while minimizing the distance to the raw data. At run-time, a simulation loop is used to attract the bones towards the raw data. Skinning shaders efficiently drag the resulting anatomy to the user’s tracked motion. Our user-specific internal anatomy model is validated by comparing the skeleton withsegmented MRI images. A user study is established to evaluate the believability of the animated anatomy.As an extension of Bauer et al. (2016), we also propose an image-based algorithm that corrects accumulated inaccuracy of the system steps: motion capture, anatomy transfer, image generation and animation. These inaccuracies show up as occlusion and self-occlusion misalignments of the anatomy regions when superimposed between them and on top of the color map. We also show that the proposed work can efficiently reduce these inaccuracies.
Published: 2017
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11. A new heating stage for high Temperature/low fO2 conditions

Author: D. Lequin, P. Baillot, Laurent Tissandier, François Faure, L. Florentin, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Géologie (ENSG), and Université de Lorraine (UL)
Subjects: Chemical substance, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, Tungsten, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Homogenization (chemistry), law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, Thermocouple, Whisker, law, Thermal, Materials Chemistry, Crystallization, Chemical composition, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Metallurgy, Condensed Matter Physics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract: Understanding the processes involved in the formation of intracrystalline inclusions can be valuable for both geological studies and industrial production. In view of this, we developed a new heating stage that can operate in extreme conditions. The use of tungsten as the heating material allows temperatures of over 2000 °C to be reached and also requires that experiments are run under reducing atmospheres. Small samples of metal are needed to calibrate the temperature for each experiment and the fO2 is achieved by a flow of mixed gases (CO, Ar, He). The first experiments run on this device highlight the good agreement between the different ways of estimating the temperature (by the amount of power delivered, the use of a thermocouple or by chemical composition), and a precision of ±20 °C is obtained for temperature determinations. As well as the homogenization of magmatic inclusions in ultramafic rocks, processes such as whisker crystal formation or transcrystalline migration of inclusions can be investigated using the new stage thanks to its very high maximum temperature and to the thermal gradients observed close to the heating wires. This new device looks to be a very promising tool that could easily be adapted for a range of studies by changing the nature and shape of the heating filaments.
Published: 2017
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12. PIPER EU Project Final publishable summary

Author: Philippe Beillas, Xuguang Wang, Yoann Lafon, Bertrand Frechede, Tomas Janak, Thomas Dupeux, Matthieu Mear, Guillaume Pacquaut, Marie-Christine Chevalier, Anicet Le Ruyet, Alexandre Eichene, Ilias Theodorakos, Xingjia Yin, Gardegaront, M., Jerome Collot, Philippe Petit, Eric Song, Baptiste Moreau, Svein Kleiven, Chiara Giordano, Victor Strömbäck Alvarez, Xiaogai Li, Stefan Kirscht, Ahmed Saeed, William Goede, Johannes Holtz, Anoop Chawla, Chhabra, A., Paruchuri, S., Singh, S., Kaushik, D., Mukherjee, S., Kumar, S., Devane, K., Mishra, K., Machina, G., Jolivet, E., Potier, P., Potier, C., Loury, D., Baudrit, P., François Faure, Thomas Lemaire, Benjamin Gilles, Ulysse Vimont, Norbert Praxl, Jérémie Peres, Atul Bhaskar, Christophe Lecomte, Mamadou Bah, Patricia Odet, Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs (LBMC UMR T9406), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Université de Lyon, GIE de Recherches et d'Etudes PSA Renault, RENAULT, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Technische Universität Berlin (TU), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Centre Européen d'Etudes de Sécurité et d'Analyse des Risques (CEESAR), Intuitive Modeling and Animation for Interactive Graphics & Narrative Environments (IMAGINE ), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Control of Artificial Movement and Intuitive Neuroprosthesis (CAMIN), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), pdb - Partnership for Dummy Technology and Biomechanics GbR, University of Southampton, Lyon Ingénierie Projets, EC/FP7/605544/EU/PIPER project, IFSTTAR - Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux, Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin (TU), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM)
Subjects: BIOMECANIQUE, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph]
Abstract: In passive automotive safety, advanced Human Body Models for injury prediction based on the Finite Element (FE) method (e.g. Thums or GHBMC families) have the potential to represent the population variability and to provide more accurate injury predictions than alternatives using global injury criteria. However, these advanced HBMs are underutilised in industrial R&D. Possible reasons include difficulties to position the models - which are typically only available in one posture - in actual vehicle environments, and the limited representation of the population variability (size, weight, limited availability for specific populations such as children, etc.). As the models and methodologies to use them are not standardized or widely shared, research achievements have been slow to result into safety benefits for the whole community. The main objective of the PIPER project was to develop user friendly tools to position and personalize these advanced HBMs, and to share them widely with the community. By facilitating the generation of population and subject-specific HBMs and their usage in production environments, the PIPER tools will enable new industrial R&D applications for the design of restraint systems as well as in research. After a specification phase to which the community could participate, the project developed an Open Source software framework to facilitate the positioning and personalizing of human body models for safety. The framework can be used with the leading HBMs and, because of its modularity, it could be further extended by users. It already provides many modules developed by the partners including state of the art real time simulation techniques for positioning, advanced morphing techniques to match various population dimensions, or smoothing approaches. The project also developed a new Open Source child model which can be used to describe children of age between 1.5 and 6 years during impacts and interactions with child restraint systems. The model performance has been extensively checked against and the model has its own dedicated module in the PIPER framework to facilitate the age change. Other project results included the development of generic car environments to facilitate comparisons and future work on accident reconstructions, and various software tools and geometrical datasets. A first evaluation was performed within the project through a few crash applications that were selected for their safety relevance. Performed by both industrial and academic partners, these included among others pedestrian to generic vehicle impact, postural changes due emergency manoeuvres (pre-crash) followed by a crash and child accident reconstructions. Scaling and/or positioning were performed in each application and adult models from the GHBMC and Thums families were used besides the PIPER child model. The results demonstrated the usability and the potential of the software and child model. Most results were documented in tutorials for future users. After selecting open source licenses, the PIPER framework and child model were first released at the final workshop of the project on April 25, 2017. Numerous academic and industrial users had already raised their interest during the project and provided useful inputs at various dissemination events and the workshop was well attended by both industry and academia. The initiation of an Open source project (www.piperproject. org) to continue promote the PIPER's vision and results beyond the end of the EU project was also announced at the workshop. Links to the project results, documentation, and other information can be found on the Open Source project Website.
Published: 2017

13. Anatomical Mirroring: Real-time User-specific Anatomy in Motion Using a Commodity Depth Camera

Author: Armelle Bauer, Olivier Palombi, François Faure, Ali-Hamadi Dicko, Jocelyne Troccaz, Intuitive Modeling and Animation for Interactive Graphics & Narrative Environments (IMAGINE ), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), AnatoScope, Laboratoire d'Anatomie des Alpes Françaises (LADAF), CHU Grenoble, SOFA, and ANR-11-LABX-0025,PERSYVAL-lab,Systemes et Algorithmes Pervasifs au confluent des mondes physique et numérique(2011)
Subjects: Computer science, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, 02 engineering and technology, Tracking (particle physics), Motion capture, Motion (physics), GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, User-specific anatomy, Skinning, Motion Capture, Computer graphics (images), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Computer vision, Shader, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, Augmented Reality, business.industry, 020207 software engineering, Markerless Device, Anatomy, Filter (signal processing), Real-Time, Augmented Human, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Augmented reality, Artificial intelligence, Noise (video), business
Abstract: This paper presents a mirror-like augmented reality (AR) system to display the internal anatomy of a user. Using a single Microsoft V2.0 Kinect, we animate in real-time a user-specific internal anatomy according to the user's motion and we superimpose it onto the user's color map, as shown in Fig.1.e. The user can visualize his anatomy moving as if he was able to look inside his own body in real-time. A new calibration procedure to set up and attach a user-specific anatomy to the Kinect body tracking skeleton is introduced. At calibration time, the bone lengths are estimated using a set of poses. By using Kinect data as input, the practical limitation of skin correspondance in prior work is overcome. The generic 3D anatomical model is attached to the internal anatomy registration skeleton, and warped on the depth image using a novel elastic deformer, subject to a closest-point registration force and anatomical constraints. The noise in Kinect outputs precludes any realistic human display. Therefore, a novel filter to reconstruct plausible motions based on fixed length bones as well as realistic angular degrees of freedom (DOFs) and limits is introduced to enforce anatomical plausibility. Anatomical constraints applied to the Kinect body tracking skeleton joints are used to maximize the physical plausibility of the anatomy motion, while minimizing the distance to the raw data. At run-time, a simulation loop is used to attract the bones towards the raw data, and skinning shaders efficiently drag the resulting anatomy to the user's tracked motion. Our user-specific internal anatomy model is validated by comparing the skeleton with segmented MRI images. A user study is established to evaluate the believability of the animated anatomy.
Published: 2016
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14. A Mechanical Model to Interpret Cell-Scale Indentation Experiments on Plant Tissues in Terms of Cell Wall Elasticity and Turgor Pressure

Author: Richard Malgat, François Faure, Arezki Boudaoud, Intuitive Modeling and Animation for Interactive Graphics & Narrative Environments (IMAGINE ), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRIA Morphogenetics project, SOFA, ANR-12-BSV2-0023,MechInMorph,Identification du rôle mécanique des tissus internes dans la morphogenèse(2012), European Project: 307387,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-StG_20111012,PHYMORPH(2012), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Intuitive Modeling and Animation for Interactive Graphics & Narrative Environments (IMAGINE), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Boudaoud, Arezki, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Materials science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Turgor pressure, Modulus, Plant Science, lcsh:Plant culture, 01 natural sciences, turgor, Viscoelasticity, 03 medical and health sciences, Indentation, Botany, atomic force microscope, lcsh:SB1-1110, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], physically-based simulation, mechanicalmodel, cellwall, physically-basedsimulation, indentation, shoot apical meristem, floral meristem, Elastic modulus, Original Research, Mechanics, Elasticity (physics), mechanical model, Hysteresis, 030104 developmental biology, cell wall, Displacement (fluid), 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Morphogenesis in plants is directly linked to the mechanical elements of growing tissues, namely cell wall and inner cell pressure. Studies of these structural elements are now often performed using indentation methods such as atomic force microscopy. In these methods, a probe applies a force to the tissue surface at a subcellular scale and its displacement is monitored, yielding force-displacement curves that reflect tissue mechanics. However, the interpretation of these curves is challenging as they may depend not only on the cell probed, but also on neighboring cells, or even on the whole tissue. Here, we build a realistic three-dimensional model of the indentation of a flower bud using SOFA (Simulation Open Framework Architecture), in order to provide a framework for the analysis of force-displacement curves obtained experimentally. We find that the shape of indentation curves mostly depends on the ratio between cell pressure and wall modulus. Hysteresis in force-displacement curves can be accounted for by a viscoelastic behavior of the cell wall. We consider differences in elastic modulus between cell layers and we show that, according to the location of indentation and to the size of the probe, force-displacement curves are sensitive with different weights to the mechanical components of the two most external cell layers. Our results confirm most of the interpretations of previous experiments and provide a guide to future experimental work.
Published: 2016
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15. Interactive Detailed Cutting of Thin Sheets

Author: James F. O'Brien, Weilun Sun, François Faure, Pierre-Luc Manteaux, Marie-Paule Cani, Intuitive Modeling and Animation for Interactive Graphics & Narrative Environments (IMAGINE), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), European Project: 291184,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,EXPRESSIVE(2012), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)
Subjects: Computer science, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Thin sheet, Grid, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.3: COMPUTER GRAPHICS/I.3.7: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism, Computer graphics (images), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, interactive, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, physics-based animation, cutting, thin sheets
Abstract: In this paper we propose a method for the interactive detailed cutting of deformable thin sheets. Our method builds on the ability of frame-based simulation to solve for dynamics using very few control frames while embedding highly detailed geometry - here an adaptive mesh that accurately represents the cut boundaries. Our solution relies on a non-manifold grid to compute shape functions that faithfully adapt to the topological changes occurring while cutting. New frames are dynamically inserted to describe new regions. We provide incremental mechanisms for updating simulation data, enabling us to achieve interactive rates. We illustrate our method with examples inspired by the traditional Kirigami artform. Copyright is held by the owner/author(s).
Published: 2015
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16. Living Book of Anatomy Project: See your Insides in Motion!

Author: Olivier Palombi, Jocelyne Troccaz, Ali-Hamadi Dicko, François Faure, Armelle Bauer, Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Intuitive Modeling and Animation for Interactive Graphics & Narrative Environments (IMAGINE), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Anatomie des Alpes Françaises (LADAF), CHU Grenoble, Living Book of Anatomy, ANR-11-LABX-0025,PERSYVAL-lab,Systemes et Algorithmes Pervasifs au confluent des mondes physique et numérique(2011), European Project: 291184,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,EXPRESSIVE(2012), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Computer science, Anatomy Learning, 030303 biophysics, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Anatomy, [INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE], Augmented Human, Motion (physics), GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Task (project management), 03 medical and health sciences, Embodiment, InformationSystems_MODELSANDPRINCIPLES, Motion Capture, Human anatomy, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Real-time, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, Augmented Reality (AR)
Abstract: International audience; The complexity of human anatomy makes learning and understanding it a difficult task.We present the Living Book of Anatomy (LBA) project, an augmented reality system for teaching anatomy. Using a Kinect, we superimpose our 3d highly-detailed anatomical model onto the user's color map and we animate it. By showing our work, we hope to have interesting feedback from Emerging Technologies attendees.See more at http://lba.inrialpes.fr/
Published: 2015
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17. The GEOSUD remote sensing data and services infrastructure

Author: Pierre Maurel, Jean-François Faure, Jean-Philippe Cantou, Jean-Christophe Desconnets, Maguelonne Teisseire, Isabelle Mougenot, Cécile Martignac, Eric Bappel, Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: Spatial Data Infrastructure, GEOSUD project, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Satellite Images, THEIA
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SYNERGIE [Axe_IRSTEA]TETIS-ATTOS; International audience; The GEOSUD project aims to develop the uses of satellite imagery among the French scientific community and public actors. This article presents its genesis, its various components, the portfolio of satellite images made available and the community of users.; Le projet GEOSUD vise à développer les utilisations de l'imagerie satellitaire auprès de la communauté scientifique et des acteurs publics français. Cet article présente sa genèse, ses différentes composantes, le portfolio d'images satellites mises à disposition, la communauté d'utilisateurs.
Published: 2015

18. Multifarious Hierarchies of Mechanical Models for Artist Assigned Levels-of-Detail

Author: François Faure, Matthieu Nesme, David I. W. Levin, Richard Malgat, Benjamin Gilles, Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Intuitive Modeling and Animation for Interactive Graphics & Narrative Environments (IMAGINE), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Image & Interaction (ICAR), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Disney Research, FUI Dynam'it!FUI Collodi, ACM SIGGRAPH, ANR-10-COSI-0015,SOHUSIM,Soft Human Simulation(2010), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), ANR-10-COSI-0015,SOHUSIM(2010), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)
Subjects: Theoretical computer science, Mechanical models, Computer science, ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.3: COMPUTER GRAPHICS/I.3.5: Computational Geometry and Object Modeling/I.3.5.7: Physically based modeling, Level of detail (writing), Volume (computing), Physically Based Animation, Degrees of freedom (mechanics), [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Motion (physics), [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Operator (computer programming), Multiscale Continuum Mechanics, Computer graphics (images), Deformable Solid, Uniqueness, Physically based animation, [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA], ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.3: COMPUTER GRAPHICS/I.3.7: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism/I.3.7.0: Animation
Abstract: International audience; We present a new framework for artist driven level of detail in solid simulations. Simulated objects are simultaneously embedded in several, separately designed deformation models with their own independent degrees of freedom. The models are ordered to apply their deformations hierarchically, and we enforce the uniqueness of the dynamics solutions using a novel kinetic filtering operator designed to ensure that each child only adds detail motion to its parent without introducing redundancies. This new approach allows artists to easily add fine-scale details without introducing unnecessary degrees-of-freedom to the simulation or resorting to complex geometric operations like anisotropic volume meshing. We illustrate the utility of our approach with several detail enriched simulation examples.
Published: 2015

19. Stable Constrained Dynamics

Author: Maxime Tournier, Benjamin Gilles, Matthieu Nesme, François Faure, RIKEN Center for Brain Science [Wako] (RIKEN CBS), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Artificial movement and gait restoration (DEMAR), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Intuitive Modeling and Animation for Interactive Graphics & Narrative Environments (IMAGINE), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image & Interaction (ICAR), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), FUI Dynam'it!FUI Collodi, SOFA, ANR-10-COSI-0015,SOHUSIM(2010), European Project: 291184,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,EXPRESSIVE(2012), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM)
Subjects: 02 engineering and technology, symbols.namesake, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, Spurious relationship, Mathematics, ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.3: COMPUTER GRAPHICS/I.3.7: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism/I.3.7.0: Animation, Continuum mechanics, Mathematical analysis, ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.3: COMPUTER GRAPHICS/I.3.5: Computational Geometry and Object Modeling/I.3.5.7: Physically based modeling, Stiffness, 020207 software engineering, Geometric Stiffness, Elasticity (physics), Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Dynamics, Vibration, Transverse plane, Classical mechanics, Lagrange multiplier, Constraints, symbols, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, medicine.symptom, Lagrange Multiplier, Physically based animation, Simulation
Abstract: International audience; We present a unification of the two main approaches to simulate deformable solids, namely elasticity and constraints. Elasticity accurately handles soft to moderately stiff objects, but becomes numerically hard as stiffness increases. Constraints efficiently handle high stiffness, but when integrated in time they can suffer from instabilities in the nullspace directions, generating spurious transverse vibrations when pulling hard on thin inextensible objects or articulated rigid bodies. We show that geometric stiffness, the tensor encoding the change of force directions (as opposed to intensities) in response to a change of positions, is the missing piece between the two approaches. This previously neglected stiffness term is easy to implement and dramatically improves the stability of inextensible objects and articulated chains, without adding artificial bending forces. This allows time step increases up to several orders of magnitude using standard linear solvers.
Published: 2015
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20. Velocity-based Adaptivity of Deformable Models

Author: Maxime Tournier, Matthieu Nesme, Benjamin Gilles, François Faure, Artificial movement and gait restoration (DEMAR), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Intuitive Modeling and Animation for Interactive Graphics & Narrative Environments (IMAGINE), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Image & Interaction (ICAR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes
Subjects: Deformable Solids, Computer science, Computation, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, 02 engineering and technology, Kinematics, Set (abstract data type), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Computer Animation, Computer vision, Computer Science::Databases, Mechanical energy, Computer animation, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, business.industry, General Engineering, Elastic energy, Process (computing), 020207 software engineering, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Physically-based Animation, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Human-Computer Interaction, Adaptive Kinematics, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, Physically based animation, business, Algorithm
Abstract: A new adaptive model for viscoelastic solids is presented. Unlike previous approaches, it allows seamless transitions, and simplifications in deformed states. The deformation field is generated by a set of physically animated frames. Starting from a fine set of frames and mechanical energy integration points, the model can be coarsened by attaching frames to others, and merging integration points. Since frames can be attached in arbitrary relative positions, simplifications can occur seamlessly in deformed states, without returning to the original shape, which can be recovered later after refinement. We propose a new class of velocity-based simplification criterion based on relative velocities. Integration points can be merged to reduce the computation time even more, and we show how to maintain continuous elastic forces through the levels of detail. Such meshless adaptivity allows significant improvements of computation time during simulations. It also provides a natural approach to coarse-to-fine deformable mesh registration. Graphical abstractDisplay Omitted HighlightsAdaptive kinematics for deformable objects are proposed.The model can simplify/refine in any configuration.Several metrics can drive the process (perceptual, physics-based).Adaptivity of elastic energy integration is also developed.Experimental results are presented, including an application to deformable mesh registration.
Published: 2014
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21. Contrasted Liquid Lines of Descent Revealed by Olivine-hosted Melt Inclusions and the External Magma

Author: Laurent Tissandier, François Faure, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Quenching, Olivine, Geochemistry, Thermodynamics, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Liquidus, Solidus, engineering.material, law.invention, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, law, Phase (matter), engineering, Inclusion (mineral), Crystallization, Geology, Melt inclusions
Abstract: International audience; To better understand the significance of the chemical compositions of forsterite-hosted melt inclusions, dynamic crystallization experiments were performed at atmospheric pressure and a low cooling rate (2°C h−1) on a starting glass material with a composition in the CMAS system (12·21 wt % CaO, 28·48 wt % MgO, 11·96 wt % Al2O3, 47·32 wt % SiO2). Experiments were quenched at various temperatures, both above and below the theoretical solidus. Olivine is the liquidus phase and the mesostasis may exhibit a second crystalline phase corresponding to a metastable Al-rich pyroxene. Olivine crystal morphologies change from polyhedral to skeletal, depending on the quenching temperature. Regardless of the quenching temperature, the chemical compositions of liquids trapped in melt (now glass) inclusions in the olivines do not contain the boundary layer that should result from rapid growth of these crystals. The liquid compositions also show that down to temperatures far below the theoretical solidus, olivine is the only phase that crystallizes on the walls of these inclusions. Glass inclusion analyses can therefore be used to determine the chemical evolution of a liquid in metastable equilibrium with the host olivine, irrespective of the quenching temperature. Melt inclusions therefore follow their own liquid line of descent distinct from that of the whole charge. This experimental study suggests that it should be possible to (1) draw the metastable extensions of the liquidus from natural glass inclusions and (2) determine the real supersaturation degrees of the residual magmas.
Published: 2014
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22. My Corporis Fabrica: Making Anatomy Easy

Author: Olivier Palombi, François Faure, Federico Ulliana, Armelle Bauer, Benjamin Gilles, Ali-Hamadi Dicko, Intuitive Modeling and Animation for Interactive Graphics & Narrative Environments (IMAGINE), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Anatomie des Alpes Françaises (LADAF), CHU Grenoble, ANR-11-LABX-0025,PERSYVAL-lab,Systemes et Algorithmes Pervasifs au confluent des mondes physique et numérique(2011), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), and VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)
Subjects: Computer science, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, 02 engineering and technology, [INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE], Ontology (information science), Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Field (computer science), Task (project management), 03 medical and health sciences, Consistency (database systems), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Set (psychology), 030304 developmental biology, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, 0303 health sciences, Narration, business.industry, Ontology, Anatomy, Web Application, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, business, computer
Abstract: International audience; Characters with precise internal anatomy are important in film and visual effects, as well as in medical applications. However, setting up detailed anatomical models has been a difficult task, especially for simulation. We demonstrate MyCorporisFabrica(MyCF), the first assistant tool for modeling and simulating anatomical structures such as bones, muscles, viscera and fat tissues. This is done by transferring a reference anatomical model from an input template to an arbitrary target character, only defined by its skin. Given the target character in a similar pose as the reference anatomy, and optionally a distribution of fat, the method runs automatically. This allows to quickly generate anatomical models for a large range of target characters, while maintaining anatomical constraints. Moreover, the tool includes a novel anatomy knowledge base designed to help selecting anatomical entities based on their contribution to physiological functions. Finally, the knowledge base contains mechanical data used to set up different mechanical models of the selected entities, which we export to a simulator. This dramatically eases biomechanical modeling and makes it possible for non-expert users to enter that field. The application works in a web browser. In this 20 minute talk, we demonstrate this technology and detail a practical example.
Published: 2014
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23. Lead isotope signatures of Kerguelen plume-derived olivine-hosted melt inclusions: Constraints on the ocean island basalt petrogenesis

Author: Jean-Luc Devidal, Michel Grégoire, Frédéric Béjina, Anastassia Y. Borisova, Etienne Deloule, Philippe de Parseval, François Faure, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique terrestre et planétaire (DTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transfert en Géologie (LMTG), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Crustal assimilation, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Magma chamber, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, DUPAL isotope anomaly, 01 natural sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, Melt mixing, Kerguelen plume, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Melt inclusions, Basalt, Olivine, Trace element, Geology, Ocean island basalt, Igneous rock, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], engineering, Phenocryst
Abstract: International audience; The nature of magmatic sources reflected by isotopic composition of the ocean island basalt (OIB) remains an on-going question in igneous geochemistry. To constrain the magmatic sources for OIB related to the Kerguelen plume activity, we performed detailed microanalytical investigation of the 21.4 Ma picritic basalt (MD109-D6-87) dredged during the "Marion Dufresne" cruise on a seamount between Kerguelen Archipelago and Heard Island. Lead isotope compositions of olivine-hosted melt inclusions and matrix glasses were measured by Laser Ablation Multiple Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS). We also performed major and trace element microanalyses and mapping of the inclusions and the host olivine phenocrysts by electron microprobe (wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, WDS). The observed significant major element (K2O/P2O5, Al2O3/TiO2) and Pb isotope (207Pb/206Pb and 208Pb/206Pb) heterogeneities of parental melts (MgO = 7-10 wt.%) during early high pressure crystallisation stage (200-300 MPa, Fo82-86 mol%), and relative homogeneity at later lower-pressure crystallisation stage (< 100 MPa, Fo75-80 mol%) are interpreted by mixing between "Plume" and "Assimilant" melts during magma residence and transport. Lead isotope composition of the parental basaltic melts was inherited from both heterogeneous mantle and the Kerguelen Plateau crust. High K2O/P2O5 (> 4), Al2O3/TiO2 (> 4) ratios are attributed to assimilation of the plateau basaltic crust (≥ 50 wt.%) by the melts in the magma chamber at palaeodepths from 6 to 9 km. The crustal assimilation may have happened through plagioclase dissolution. The large chemical and isotopic heterogeneity of the parental OIB melts found by in situ microanalyses in this study suggests that the bulk rock chemistry alone cannot provide enough information to constrain the nature of the magmatic sources.
Published: 2014
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24. Seamless Adaptivity of Elastic Models

Author: Matthieu Nesme, Benjamin Gilles, François Faure, Maxime Tournier, Artificial movement and gait restoration (DEMAR), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Intuitive Modeling and Animation for Interactive Graphics & Narrative Environments (IMAGINE), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Image & Interaction (ICAR), Paul G. Kry and Andrea Bunt, SOFA, Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM)
Subjects: Deformation (mechanics), Computer science, Computation, ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.3: COMPUTER GRAPHICS/I.3.5: Computational Geometry and Object Modeling/I.3.5.7: Physically based modeling, 020207 software engineering, Geometry, 02 engineering and technology, Field (computer science), [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Set (abstract data type), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Constant (mathematics), Algorithm, Mechanical energy, Computer Science::Databases, Viscoelastic solids, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.3: COMPUTER GRAPHICS/I.3.7: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism/I.3.7.0: Animation
Abstract: International audience; A new adaptive model for viscoelastic solids is presented. Unlike previous approaches, it allows seamless transitions, and simplifications in deformed states. The deformation field is generated by a set of physically animated frames. Starting from a fine set of frames and mechanical energy integration points, the model can be coarsened by attaching frames to others, and merging integration points. Since frames can be attached in arbitrary relative positions, simplifications can occur seamlessly in deformed states, without returning to the original shape, which can be recovered later after refinement. We propose a new class of velocity-based simplification criterion based on relative velocities. Integration points can be merged to reduce the computation time even more, and we show how to maintain constant elastic forces through the levels of detail. This meshless adaptivity allows significant improvements of computation time.
Published: 2014

25. Computation of Components' Interfaces in Highly Complex Assemblies

Author: Georges-Pierre Bonneau, Stefanie Hahmann, Jean-Claude Léon, François Faure, François Jourdes, Models and Algorithms for Visualization and Rendering (MAVERICK), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Intuitive Modeling and Animation for Interactive Graphics & Narrative Environments (IMAGINE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)
Subjects: assembly, imprint, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Engineering, Engineering drawing, Downstream (software development), Computation, Interface (computing), Automotive industry, CAD, 02 engineering and technology, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.3: COMPUTER GRAPHICS, Computational science, Computer graphics, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, business.industry, Process (computing), Shape, 020207 software engineering, STEP, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Computer Science Applications, Graph (abstract data type), interface, business
Abstract: International audience; The preparation of CAD models from complex assemblies for simulation purposes is a very time-consuming and tedious process, since many tasks \rev{such as meshing and idealization} are still completed manually. Herein, the detection and extraction of geometric interfaces between components of the assembly is of central importance not only for the simulation objectives but also for all necessary shape transformations such as idealizations or detail removals. It is a repetitive task in particular when complex assemblies have to be dealt with. This paper proposes a method to rapidly and fully automatically generate a precise geometric description of interfaces in generic B-Rep CAD models. The approach combines an efficient GPU ray-casting technique commonly used in computer graphics with a graph-based curve extraction algorithm. Not only is it able to detect a large number of interfaces efficiently, but it also provides an accurate Nurbs geometry of the interfaces, that can be stored in a plain STEP file ~\cite{step:1994} for further downstream treatment. We demonstrate our approach on examples from aeronautics and automotive industry.
Published: 2014
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26. Formalizing spatiotemporal knowledge in remote sensing applications to improve image interpretation

Author: Samuel Andrés, Christelle Pierkot, Jean François Faure, Frédérique Seyler, UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: Geographic information system, Knowledge representation and reasoning, COUVERT VEGETAL, Remote sensing application, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geography, Planning and Development, IMAGE SATELLITE, STANDARDISATION, 0211 other engineering and technologies, lcsh:G1-922, 02 engineering and technology, computer.software_genre, Modularity, remote-sensing interpretation, Adaptability, Field (computer science), VARIATION TEMPORELLE, 11. Sustainability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Computers in Earth Sciences, REPRESENTATION DES CONNAISSANCES, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, media_common, business.industry, SEMANTIQUE, ONTOLOGIE, TELEDETECTION SPATIALE, Spatial intelligence, Spatio-temporality, Data science, MODELISATION, INTERPRETATION D'IMAGE, Geography, Conceptual framework, ETUDE DE CAS, VARIATION SPATIALE, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Data mining, business, computer, geographic standards, lcsh:Geography (General), METHODOLOGIE, Information Systems
Abstract: Technological tools allow the generation of large volumes of data. For example satellite images aid in the study of spatiotemporal phenomena in a range of disciplines, such as urban planning, environmental sciences, and health care. Thus, remote-sensing experts must handle various and complex image sets for their interpretations. The GIS community has undertaken significant work in describing spatiotemporal features, and standard specifications nowadays provide design foundations for GIS software and spatial databases. We argue that this spatiotemporal knowledge and expertise would provide in- valuable support for the field of image interpretation. As a result, we propose a high level conceptual framework, based on existing and standardized approaches, offering enough modularity and adaptability to represent the various dimensions of spatiotemporal knowl- edge.
Published: 2013
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27. Anatomy Transfer

Author: Benjamin Gilles, Olivier Palombi, Marie-Paule Cani, Dicko Ali-Hamadi, Ladislav Kavan, François Faure, Tiantian Liu, Intuitive Modeling and Animation for Interactive Graphics & Narrative Environments (IMAGINE), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire d'Anatomie des Alpes Françaises (LADAF), CHU Grenoble, European Project: 291184,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,EXPRESSIVE(2012), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Pennsylvania, and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Rest (physics), Structure (mathematical logic), Computer science, business.industry, Anatomical structures, Shape, 020207 software engineering, Character modeling, 02 engineering and technology, Anatomy, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Boundary representation, Character (mathematics), Transfer (computing), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, Layer (object-oriented design), business, Volume (compression)
Abstract: International audience; Characters with precise internal anatomy are important in film and visual effects, as well as in medical applications. We propose the first semi-automatic method for creating anatomical structures, such as bones, muscles, viscera and fat tissues. This is done by transferring a reference anatomical model from an input template to an arbitrary target character, only defined by its boundary representation (skin). The fat distribution of the target character needs to be specified. We can either infer this information from MRI data, or allow the users to express their creative intent through a new editing tool. The rest of our method runs automatically: it first transfers the bones to the target character, while maintaining their structure as much as possible. The bone layer, along with the target skin eroded using the fat thickness information, are then used to define a volume where we map the internal anatomy of the source model using harmonic (Laplacian) deformation. This way, we are able to quickly generate anatomical models for a large range of target characters, while maintaining anatomical constraints.
Published: 2013
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28. A mineralogical and geochemical study of polymict eucrite discovered in Sahara of southwest Algeria

Author: Marguerite Godard, Jean-Yves Cottin, M. Bourot-Denise, Abdelmadjid Seddiki, François Faure, Nacera Remaci, Jérôme Bascou, Bertrand Moine, Laboratoire de Géoressources et Risques Naturels, Université d'Oran, Manteau et Interfaces, Géosciences Montpellier, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Minéralogie et Cosmochimie du Muséum (LMCM), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Recrystallization (geology), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geochemistry, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Polymict eucrite, Basaltic achondrite, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Breccia, Pigeonite, Pyroxferroite, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Eucrite, Olivine, 4-Vesta, NWA2268, Augite, Meteorite, Algeria, engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Geology
Abstract: International audience; NWA2268 is a polymict eucrite discovered in the Sahara, at southwest Algeria, close to the region of Tindouf. This meteorite weighs 65 g and presents a thin black fusion crust. The rock is fine- to medium-grained breccia and contains mineral fragments of plagioclases, pyroxenes, spinel, olivine and silica. The rock contains some basaltic fragments with sub-ophitic or cumulative textures, constituted by plagioclases and exsolved pigeonite. Pyroxferroite grains are present and locally destabilised in an association of hedenbergite, fayalite and silica. It also presents unequilibrated eucritic clast with heterogeneous pyroxenes and plagioclases compositions. Pyroxenes in the all of the other clasts have equilibrated composition, with exolved pigeonites with augite lamellaes. This polymict eucrite contains also partially devitrified glass that represents impact melts linked to impact event. None recrystallization of this glass confirms a lack of post-brecciation metamorphism. Diogenitic fragments are less abundant than 10 %. The oxygen isotopic composition of NWA2268 is Δ17O (−0.43). This meteorite is interpreted as belonging to the HED group attributed to the 4-Vesta asteroid.
Published: 2013
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29. Frame-based interactive simulation of complex deformable objects

Author: Guillaume Bousquet, Benjamin Gilles, Dinesh K. Pai, François Faure, Artificial movement and gait restoration (DEMAR), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Intuitive Modeling and Animation for Interactive Graphics & Narrative Environments (IMAGINE), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Computer Science Department (UBC-Computer Science), University of British Columbia (UBC), Hidalgo González, Manuel and Mir Torres, Arnau and Varona Gómez, Javier, Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), and Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Body force, Continuum mechanics, business.industry, Frame (networking), ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry), 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Frame rate, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, symbols.namesake, Skinning, Motion, Lagrangian mechanics, Finite strain theory, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, symbols, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, business, Algorithm, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, Mathematics
Abstract: International audience; We present a new type of deformable model which combines the realism of physically based continuum mechanics models and the usability of frame-based skinning methods, allowing the interactive simulation of objects with heterogeneous material properties and complex geometries. The degrees of freedom are coordinate frames. In contrast with traditional skinning, frame positions are not scripted but move in reaction to internal body forces. The deformation gradient and its deriv- atives are computed at each sample point of a deformed object and used in the equations of Lagrangian mechanics to achieve physical realism. We introduce novel material-aware shape functions in place of the traditional radial basis functions used in meshless frameworks, allowing coarse deformation functions to efficiently resolve non-uniform stiffnesses. Complex models can thus be simulated at high frame rates using a small number of control nodes.
Published: 2013
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30. Dendritic Crystallization: A Single Process for all the Textures of Olivine in Basalts?

Author: Vincent Famin, Alain Baronnet, François Faure, Patrick Bachèlery, Benoit Welsch, Laboratoire GéoSciences Réunion (LGSR), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Basalt, Undulose extinction, Olivine, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, magma chamber, Nucleation, Geochemistry, Magma chamber, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, dendrite, Dendrite (crystal), Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, law, engineering, Phenocryst, Crystallization, olivine, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The olivine macrocrysts found in oceanites, picrites and magnesian basalts erupted at hotspot volcanoes are generally interpreted either as phenocrysts crystallized from the magma or as xenocrysts extracted from a deforming cumulate. To constrain the origin of these crystals we studied their texture and composition at Piton de la Fournaise volcano, La Réunion. We show that macrocrysts are organized and subdivided into parallel units; this suggests a crystallization by dendritic growth and ripening rather than by a complex combination of paired nucleation, crystal aggregation or synneusis. Dendritic growth is also evidenced by the occurrence of hollow faces, P-rich zones, melt and Cr-spinel inclusions formed from the accumulation of slow diffusing impurities (P, Cr, Al) in the liquid at the contact with rapid-growing olivine. We suggest that early dendritic crystallization may even cause branch misorientations and lattice mismatches, yielding subgrain boundaries, dislocation lamellae and to a certain extent undulose extinction, which have all been formerly interpreted in terms of plastic intracrystalline deformation. We interpret olivine macrocrysts as phenocrysts crystallized under a strong degree of undercooling (-ΔT > 60°C), and derived from a harrisitic mush formed on the cold walls of the magma reservoir. Given the growth shapes indicated by P zoning patterns and external faces, the olivine macrocrysts (which consist of groups of several subcrystals) have grown in suspension within the liquid and were neither aggregated into a dense cumulate nor corroded, shocked or deformed before or during their transport to the surface. The major consequence of our study is that most olivine macrocrysts are not xenocrysts, and very few of them, if any, have experienced intracrystalline deformation. The importance of deforming (creeping) cumulate bodies, thought to accommodate the spreading of basaltic volcanoes in La Réunion and Hawaii, may hence have been overestimated.
Published: 2013
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31. SOFA: A Multi-Model Framework for Interactive Physical Simulation

Author: Jérémie Allard, Hadrien Courtecuisse, Stéphane Cotin, Christian Duriez, Benjamin Gilles, Hervé Delingette, Hugo Talbot, Guillaume Bousquet, Stephanie Marchesseau, François Faure, Igor Peterlik, Intuitive Modeling and Animation for Interactive Graphics & Narrative Environments (IMAGINE), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Simulation in Healthcare using Computer Research Advances (SHACRA), Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale de Lille (LIFL), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Analysis and Simulation of Biomedical Images (ASCLEPIOS), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Yohan Payan, SOFA, Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), and Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Computer science, Medical simulation, Computation, Real-time computing, 020207 software engineering, Event loop, 02 engineering and technology, Data structure, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Computational science, 03 medical and health sciences, Motion, 0302 clinical medicine, Component (UML), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, Collision detection, Scene graph, Haptic technology
Abstract: International audience; SOFA (Simulation Open Framework Architecture) is an open-source C++ library primarily targeted at interactive computational medical simulation. SOFA facilitates collaborations between specialists from various domains, by decomposing complex simulators into components designed independently and organized in a scenegraph data structure. Each component encapsulates one of the aspects of a simulation, such as the degrees of freedom, the forces and constraints, the differential equations, the main loop algorithms, the linear solvers, the collision detection algorithms or the interaction devices. The simulated objects can be represented using several models, each of them optimized for a different task such as the computation of internal forces, collision detection, haptics or visual display. These models are synchronized during the simulation using a mapping mechanism. CPU and GPU implementations can be transparently combined to exploit the computational power of modern hardware architectures. Thanks to this flexible yet efficient architecture, \sofa{} can be used as a test-bed to compare models and algorithms, or as a basis for the development of complex, high-performance simulators.
Published: 2012
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32. From Generic to Specic Musculoskeletal Simulations using an Ontology-based Modeling Pipeline

Author: François Faure, Olivier Palombi, Ali Hamadi Dicko, Benjamin Gilles, Intuitive Modeling and Animation for Interactive Graphics & Narrative Environments (IMAGINE), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Artificial movement and gait restoration (DEMAR), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Laboratoire d'Anatomie des Alpes Françaises (LADAF), CHU Grenoble, Dimitri Plemenos and Georges Miaoulis, Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM)
Subjects: Engineering, Engineering drawing, Narration, business.industry, 0206 medical engineering, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.3: COMPUTER GRAPHICS/I.3.5: Computational Geometry and Object Modeling, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Ontology (information science), 020601 biomedical engineering, Pipeline (software), [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.3: COMPUTER GRAPHICS/I.3.7: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism, Anatomical knowledge, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Dual quaternion, business, Reference model, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Abstract: International audience; We present a novel pipeline for the construction of biomechanical simulations by combining generic anatomical knowledge with specic data. Based on functional descriptors supplied by the user, the list of the involved anatomical entities (currently bones and muscles) is generated using formal knowledge stored in ontologies, as well as a physical model based on reference geometry and mechanical parameters. This simulation-ready model can then be registered to subject-speci c geometry to perform customized simulations. The user can provide additional speci c geometry, such as a simulation mesh, to assemble with the reference geometry. Subject-specic information can also be used to individualize each functional model. The model can then be visualized and animated. This pipeline dramatically eases the creation of biomechanical models. We detail an example of a musculoskeletal simulation of knee flexion and extension and hip flexion and abduction, based on rigid bones and the Hill muscle model, with subject-specic 3D meshes non-rigidly attached to the simulated bones
Published: 2012
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33. L’enjeu d’un droit négocié pour le Parc amazonien de Guyane

Author: Olivier Barrière, Jean-François Faure, UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), and Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: legal pluralism, 0211 other engineering and technologies, General Social Sciences, territory, 021107 urban & regional planning, 02 engineering and technology, negotiated law, 010501 environmental sciences, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Wayana, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, French Guiana Amazonian Park, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; Designing a negotiated law for the French Guiana Amazonian Park. In protected areas the relationship of people with their environment is defined by the stated objectives of ensuring a form of cohabitation designed to achieve " harmonization " between nature and society. Juridical regulations, however, result in involving a greater number of managers from outside the areas considered than of stakeholders living there. The amendment of French national parks legislation raises the question of the nature of law in protected areas. Could a law that is negotiated rather than imposed be envisaged? The question may legitimately be raised for the French Guiana Amazonian Park in which several indigenous and local communities displaying a marked socio-cultural diversity are included in the " adhesion area " .; La participation des populations locales, sous sa forme politique (décentralisation), juridique (définition de droits et de contraintes) et économique (source de revenus) est un pilier rhétorique de la conservation. Elle se heurte cependant à une question récurrente : Comment associer des populations dont les modes de vie ne s'inscrivent pas dans la vision globale et contemporaine de la protection de la nature ? Ce débat se poursuit au fil des livraisons de NSS (voir l'article de Florent Kohler « Diversité culturelle et diversité biologique : une approche critique fondée sur l'exemple brésilien », NSS, 19, 2 [2011]). Il s'agit ici d'apprécier, par une démarche d'anthropologie juridique, comment le droit étatique pourrait être adapté à la gestion des ressources et aux aspirations des communautés amérindiennes et bushinenge de Guyane
Published: 2012
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34. Interface, représentations fonctionnelles et transformations d'assemblages complexes pour la simulation des structures

Author: Georges-Pierre Bonneau, Francois Jourdes, Stefanie Hahmann, François Faure, Gilles Foucault, Moreno Trlin, Ahmad Shahwan, Perruet, Marie Josèphe, Models and Algorithms for Visualization and Rendering (MAVERICK), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Intuitive Modeling and Animation for Interactive Graphics & Narrative Environments (IMAGINE), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Système d’Information, conception RobustE des Produits (G-SCOP_SIREP), Laboratoire des sciences pour la conception, l'optimisation et la production (G-SCOP), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-GR] Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Shape, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2012

35. Frame-based Elastic Models

Author: Dinesh K. Pai, François Faure, Benjamin Gilles, Guillaume Bousquet, Virtual environments for animation and image synthesis of natural objects (EVASION), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Computer Science Department (UBC-Computer Science), University of British Columbia (UBC), European Project, and European Project: 223894,EC:FP7:ICT,FP7-ICT-2007-2,PASSPORT(2008)
Subjects: Continuum mechanics, Degrees of freedom, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, meshless models, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Finite element method, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], symbols.namesake, Skinning, Motion, Classical mechanics, Lagrangian mechanics, Displacement field, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, symbols, deformable solids, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Physically based animation, Dual quaternion, Algorithm, Mathematics, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Abstract: International audience; We present a new type of deformable model which combines the realism of physically based continuum mechanics models and the usability of frame- based skinning methods. The degrees of freedom are coordinate frames. In contrast with traditional skinning, frame positions are not scripted but move in reaction to internal body forces. The displacement field is smoothly in- terpolated using dual quaternion blending. The deformation gradient and its derivatives are computed at each sample point of a deformed object and used in the equations of Lagrangian mechanics to achieve physical realism. This allows easy and very intuitive definition of the degrees of freedom of the deformable object. The meshless discretization allows on-the-fly inser- tion of frames to create local deformations where needed. We formulate the dynamics of these models in detail and describe some pre-computations that can be used for speed. We show that our method is effective for behaviors ranging from simple unimodal deformations to complex realistic deforma- tions comparable with Finite Element simulations. To encourage its use, the software will be freely available in the simulation platform SOFA.
Published: 2011
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36. Accurate interactive animation of deformable models at arbitrary resolution

Author: François Faure, Matthieu Nesme, Yohan Payan, Virtual environments for animation and image synthesis of natural objects (EVASION), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GMCAO, Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Pacific Institute for the Mathematical Sciences (PIMS), University of Calgary-University of Calgary, Gestes Medico-chirurgicaux Assistés par Ordinateur (TIMC-IMAG-GMCAO), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, physically based animation, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Regular grid, Rendering (computer graphics), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Computer graphics (images), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.6: SIMULATION AND MODELING/I.6.3: Applications, Polygon mesh, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.3: COMPUTER GRAPHICS/I.3.7: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism/I.3.7.0: Animation, ﬁnite elements, Medical simulation, interactive simulation, 020207 software engineering, Volume rendering, soft bodies, Grid, patient-speciﬁc meshing, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Computer Science Applications, surgical simulator, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Hexahedron, Physically based animation
Abstract: International audience; Providing realistic interactive simulation requires a powerful animation method with a highly detailed rendering. Based on continuum mechanics, the ﬁnite element method needs a volumetric represen- tation of the object to animate. This paper proposes an automatic method for building meshes that are well adapted to interactive simulation starting from miscellaneous input data. Contrary to commonly used methods based on tetrahedral volume meshing, the object is embedded in a regular grid of deformable hexahedra at an arbitrary resolution. This alleviates the complexities and limitations of tetrahedra and results in regular, well-conditioned meshes. Mass and stiffness are set in order to model the physical properties as accurately as possible at any given resolution, in a manner that takes into account the distribution of material within the hexahedra. This allows us to accurately model the mechanical properties of the partially empty boundary hexahedra, and thus enables us to perform fast simulation at a coarse resolution. The accuracy of this approach is compared to theoretical results. In addition, we extend a fast and robust co-rotational approach to the case of hexahedral elements. This permits simulation of arbitrarily complex shapes at interactive rates. We show how to build the hexahedra directly from surfaces and from segmented scanned data, which is very useful to animate complex artistic models or patient speciﬁc models for individual medical simulation. Finally, we show how a fast volumetric rendering can make efﬁcient use of the grid structure.
Published: 2010
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37. Multicamera Real-Time 3D Modeling for Telepresence and Remote Collaboration

Author: Bruno Raffin, Clément Ménier, Jean-Sébastien Franco, Jean-Denis Lesage, Benjamin Petit, Jérémie Allard, François Faure, Edmond Boyer, Interpretation and Modelling of Images and Videos (PERCEPTION), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PrograMming and scheduling design fOr Applications in Interactive Simulation (MOAIS), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Simulation in Healthcare using Computer Research Advances (SHACRA), Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale de Lille (LIFL), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), Visualization and manipulation of complex data on wireless mobile devices (IPARLA ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Virtual environments for animation and image synthesis of natural objects (EVASION), ANR-06-MDCA-0003,DALIA,Data trAnsfert for Large Interactive Applications(2006), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Article Subject, Computer science, business.industry, Communication, Real-time computing, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 3D modeling, Metaverse, Pipeline (software), [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Refresh rate, lcsh:Telecommunication, Middleware, Component (UML), lcsh:TK5101-6720, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Media Technology, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Polygon mesh, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Telecollaboration, business
Abstract: International audience; We present a multicamera real-time 3D modeling system that aims at enabling new immersive and interactive environments. This system, called Grimage, allows to retrieve in real-time a 3D mesh of the observed scene as well as the associated textures. This information enables a strong visual presence of the user into virtual worlds. The 3D shape information is also used to compute collisions and reaction forces with virtual objects, enforcing the mechanical presence of the user in the virtual world. The innovation is a fully integrated system with both immersive and interactive capabilities. It embeds a parallel version of the EPVH modeling algorithm inside a distributed vision pipeline. It also adopts the hierarchical component approach of the FlowVR middleware to enforce software modularity and enable distributed executions. Results show high refresh rates and low latencies obtained by taking advantage of the I/O and computing resources of PC clusters. The applications we have developed demonstrate the quality of the visual and mechanical presence with a single platform and with a dual platform that allows telecollaboration.
Published: 2010
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38. My Corporis Fabrica: a Unified Ontological, Geometrical and Mechanical View of Human Anatomy

Author: Guillaume Bousquet, Olivier Palombi, Sahar Hassan, Lionel Reveret, François Faure, David Jospin, Virtual environments for animation and image synthesis of natural objects (EVASION), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de neurochirurgie, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), and Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Theoretical computer science, anatomy, ACM: H.: Information Systems/H.4: INFORMATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS/H.4.0: General, Computer science, Foundational Model of Anatomy, Stability (learning theory), 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Extension (predicate logic), [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], 03 medical and health sciences, Consistency (database systems), Anatomical knowledge, Human anatomy, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Ontology, ontology, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Representation (mathematics), Anatomical entity, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience; A new anatomical database, My Corporis Fabrica (MyCF), is presented. It's based on the reference anatomical ontology FMA (the Foundational Model of Anatomy) with the possibility to coherently integrate 3D geometrical data, as well as biomechanical parameters. The purpose of this extension is to allow the user to intuitively create a patient-specific 3D representation from a formal description of anatomical entities and also to automatically export this description to test a physical simulation. The main contribution of MyCF consists in the formalization of a comprehensive database structure implemented in MySQL, linking canonical description of anatomical entities with reality-grounded instances of such description in terms of geometrical data and physical attributes. The principle of ontology modeling inherited from FMA is maintained in order to guarantee a close consistency between the two databases. A detailed illustration is given for the knee. In this example, the canonical description of anatomical entities is developed, including the location of attachment of ligaments as well as their stiffness, using an intuitive 3D GUI. Finally, an instance of the knee based on this description is automatically augmented with the canonical part information and then exported to a physical simulator. This example shows the benefit of coupling an exhaustive description of the anatomical structures with a physical simulation to study the dynamic effect of ligaments on the stability of the knee articulation.
Published: 2009
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39. A simple approach to nonlinear tensile stiffness for accurate cloth simulation

Author: Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann, François Faure, Pascal Volino, MIRALab, Université de Genève (UNIGE), Virtual environments for animation and image synthesis of natural objects (EVASION), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)
Subjects: Continuum mechanics, Computer science, Linear elasticity, Stiffness, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Finite element method, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Nonlinear system, Classical mechanics, Linearization, Ultimate tensile strength, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, medicine.symptom, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Abstract: Recent mechanical models for cloth simulation have evolved toward accurate representation of elastic stiffness based on continuum mechanics, converging to formulations that are largely analogous to fast finite element methods. In the context of tensile deformations, these formulations usually involve the linearization of tensors, so as to express linear elasticity in a simple way. However, this approach needs significant adaptations and approximations for dealing with the nonlinearities resulting from large cloth deformations. Toward our objective of accurately simulating the nonlinear properties of cloth, we show that this linearization can indeed be avoided and replaced by adapted strain-stress laws that precisely describe the nonlinear behavior of the material. This leads to highly streamlined computations that are particularly efficient for simulating the nonlinear anisotropic tensile elasticity of highly deformable surfaces. We demonstrate the efficiency of this method with examples related to accurate garment simulation from experimental tensile curves measured on actual materials.
Published: 2009
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40. Land use monitoring by remote sensing in tropical forest areas in support of the Kyoto Protocol: the case of French Guiana

Author: Laurent Durieux, N. Stach, P. Joubert, Michel Petit, D. Lasselin, Michel Deshayes, A. Salvado, Christina Corbane, Jean-François Faure, Inventaire Forestier National (IFN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Office National des Forêts (ONF), Institut géographique national [IGN] (IGN), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Mosaic (geodemography), 02 engineering and technology, Land cover, 01 natural sciences, PROTOCOLE DE KYOTO, Sampling design, GUYANE FRANCAISE, Satellite imagery, Land use, land-use change and forestry, ENVISAT, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Land use, 15. Life on land, 3. Good health, Geography, SPOT, 13. Climate action, Thematic Mapper, TMT, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto Protocol, Cartography
Abstract: International audience; The new SPOT/Envisat direct receiving station (DRS) operating in Cayenne in the framework of the SEAS-Guyane project was used to produce a global cloudless 15 SPOT mosaic over French Guiana for the year 2006. This mosaic was used to perform a land-use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) inventory in the framework of the Kyoto Protocol. Nearly 17 000 sample points were laid down on the SPOT mosaic with a stratified sampling design. The land use at each sample point was determined by visual interpretation of the corresponding SPOT image in 2006 and the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) image from the Global Land Cover Facility (GLCF) in 1990. Statistics for the period 19902006 were computed and integrated in the first voluntary Kyoto inventory.
Published: 2009
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41. SOFA: A modular yet efficient simulation framework

Author: François Faure, Jérémie Allard, Stéphane Cotin, Paul Neumann, Pierre-Jean Bensoussan, Christian Duriez, Hervé Delingette, laurent grisoni, Virtual environments for animation and image synthesis of natural objects (EVASION), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Integration of Medicine & Innovative Technology (CIMIT), MIT Laboratory for Computer Science-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Collaborative interactive virtual environment (ALCOVE), Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale de Lille (LIFL), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Analysis and Simulation of Biomedical Images (ASCLEPIOS), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Philippe Merloz and Jocelyne Troccaz, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-IRCICA
Subjects: SOFA Framework, physical simulation, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR]
Abstract: International audience; SOFA is a new open source framework primarily targeted at medical simulation research and industry. It is based on a scene graph data structure extended to physical models and abstract algorithms. Additionally, multiple models of the same objects can easily be used to optimize different tasks such as force computation, collision handling, and rendering. This results in a highly flexible architecture able to model and animate a wide range of simulated objects. We explain the main concepts of SOFA and detail an example of application to a surgery procedure.
Published: 2007

42. Grimage: markerless 3D interactions

Author: Edmond Boyer, Bruno Raffin, Clément Ménier, Jérémie Allard, François Faure, Collaborative interactive virtual environment (ALCOVE), Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale de Lille (LIFL), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-IRCICA, Interpretation and Modelling of Images and Videos (PERCEPTION), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PrograMming and scheduling design fOr Applications in Interactive Simulation (MOAIS), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Virtual environments for animation and image synthesis of natural objects (EVASION), Kathy Ryall and John Sibert, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)
Subjects: SOFA Framework, Computer science, business.industry, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Space (commercial competition), Object (computer science), 3D modeling, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Computer graphics (images), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Immersion (virtual reality), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, business, Simulation
Abstract: International audience; Grimage glues multi-camera 3D modeling, physical simulation and parallel execution for a new immersive experience. Put your hands or any object into the interaction space. It is instantaneously modeled in 3D and injected into a virtual world populated with solid and soft objects. Push them, catch them and squeeze them.
Published: 2007
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43. Textural evolution of polyhedral olivine experiency rapid cooling rates

Author: Pierre Schiano, Bernard Soulestin, François Faure, Christian Nicollet, Gilles Trolliard, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Axe 3 : organisation structurale multiéchelle des matériaux, Science des Procédés Céramiques et de Traitements de Surface (SPCTS), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Céramique Industrielle (ENSCI)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Céramique Industrielle (ENSCI)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: PLAGIOCLASE, SOUFRIERE, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nucleation, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Thermodynamics, Crystal growth, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Crystal, Optical microscope, Geochemistry and Petrology, law, MAGMA, Plagioclase, Crystallization, PHENOCRYSTS, ERUPTION, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Olivine, VOLCANO, Crystallography, Geophysics, SILICATE MELTS, engineering, Phenocryst, MORPHOLOGY, CHAMBERS, CRYSTAL-GROWTH, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Dynamic crystallization experiments in the CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 (CMAS) system have been used to investigate the change in crystal shape when pre-existing polyhedral olivine crystals are cooled rapidly (1,639-2,182 degrees C/h). Polyhedral olivines are crystallized initially in a first step using a slow cooling rate (2 degrees C/h), then skeletal and dendritic overgrowths develop on the polyhedral crystals during a subsequent fast cooling event. During this second episode small dendritic olivines also nucleate within the liquid phase. Observation of the experimental sample by optical microscopy shows that the polyhedral olivine shape progressively changes to a skeletal and then to a dendritic morphology in the following sequence: polyhedral double right arrow hopper polyhedral double right arrow dendritic polyhedral. This evolutional sequence is discussed in terms of changes in the crystal growth conditions during cooling and a general relation between these olivine dynamic crystallization experiments and the integrated model of crystal growth by Sunagawa (Bull Miner 104:81-87, 1981, Morphology of crystals, Terra Scientific Publishing Company, 1987) is proposed.
Published: 2007
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44. Pele's hairs and tears: Natural probe of volcanic plume

Author: Kenneth W.W. Sims, Pierre-J. Gauthier, François Faure, Séverine Moune, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, dissolution process, Pyroclastic rock, Mineralogy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Volcanic Gases, Petrography, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, event, Petrology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, event.disaster_type, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, integumentary system, volatile exsolution, eye diseases, Volcanic glass, Volcanic rock, Masaya volcano, Igneous rock, Geophysics, Volcano, 13. Climate action, volcanic gases, Tears, sense organs, Pele's hairs, Geology
Abstract: International audience; We present a detailed petrographic study of Pele's hairs and tears sampled from Masaya volcano (Nicaragua). This study provides new observations of these little-known pyroclastic objects using both secondary electron images (SEI) and back scattering electron images (BSEI). Our work shows that Pele's tears can be associated with Pele's hairs after their formation: tears can be trapped on the walls and/or in the cavities of Pele's hairs. Moreover, chemical investigations of the Pele's hairs and tears highlight the presence of a chemical zonation. The edge of these tears and hairs show a siliceous enrichment, allowing us to quantify the interaction time of the silicate glass with acid gases in the volcanic plume. This study confirms the syneruptive and post eruptive volatile exsolution from Pele's hairs and tears.
Published: 2007
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45. Animating Shapes at Arbitrary Resolution with Non-Uniform Stiffness

Author: Matthieu Nesme, Yohan PAYAN, François Faure, Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gestes Medico-chirurgicaux Assistés par Ordinateur (TIMC-IMAG-GMCAO), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Virtual environments for animation and image synthesis of natural objects (EVASION), Laboratoire d'informatique GRAphique, VIsion et Robotique de Grenoble (GRAVIR - IMAG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Collaborative interactive virtual environment (ALCOVE), Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale de Lille (LIFL), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-IRCICA, Faure, François, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-GR] Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR]
Abstract: International audience; We present a new method for physically animating deformable shapes using finite element models (FEM). Contrary to commonly used methods based on tetrahedra, our finite elements are the bounding voxels of a given shape at arbitrary resolution. This alleviates the complexities and limitations of tetrahedral volume meshing and results in regular, well-conditionned meshes. We show how to build the voxels and how to set the masses and stiffnesses in order to model the physical properties as accurately as possible at any given resolution. Additionally, we extend a fast and robust tetrahedron-FEM approach to the case of hexahedral elements. This permits simulation of arbitrarily complex shapes at interactive rates in a manner that takes into account the distribution of material within the elements.
Published: 2006

46. Evolution of product phase assemblages during thermal decomposition of muscovite under strong disequilibrium conditions

Author: Bertrand Devouard, François Faure, Alain Kohler, Karine Devineau, Jean-Luc Devidal, Frédéric Villiéras, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement et Minéralurgie (LEM), Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de chimie du solide minéral (LCSM), Université Paul Verlaine - Metz (UPVM)-Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: muscovite, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Mullite, Corundum, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Al-rich oxide, 01 natural sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, Vacancy defect, experimental petrology, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, granite, Acicular, electron microscopy, Muscovite, Thermal decomposition, Spinel, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, mullite, Crystallography, Geophysics, Electron diffraction, engineering, electron diffraction, Crystal growth, high-temperature studies, 0210 nano-technology, Geology, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract: http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/AmMin/TOC/Abstracts/2006_Abstracts/FM06_Abstracts/Devineau_p413_06.pdf; We investigated the thermal decomposition of muscovite in natural granite powders heated to 1175°C for durations from 5 min to 68 h, at 1 bar, paying special attention to the early stages of decomposition. This study shows that muscovite is completely transformed after 5 min. Muscovite pseudomorphs consist of glass, mullite, and Al-rich oxides. For short durations (5 and 40 min), the Al-rich phase was identiÞ ed by XRD, electron diffraction, and TEM microanalysis as γ-Al2O3 containing 4.8 wt% FeO (total Fe), probably a few weight percents of MgO, and possibly up to 10 wt% SiO2. Faint superstructure spots and diffuse streaks observed in electron-diffraction patterns suggest vacancy or trace elements ordering in the γ-Al2O3 defect spinel structure. γ-Al2O3 displays an unexpected acicular morphology, elongated along three directions at 120° in the basal (001)musc planes and parallel to lateral faces of the former muscovite. Mullite forms rods elongated in the basal (001)musc planes along a direction at 90° from one set of γ-Al2O3 needles. The γ-Al2O3 structure appears to be a metastable phase that is replaced by corundum for longer durations.
Published: 2006
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47. Hierarchical Multi-Resolution Finite Element Model for Soft Body Simulation

Author: Matthieu Nesme, François Faure, Yohan Payan, Payan, Yohan, Faure, François, Virtual environments for animation and image synthesis of natural objects (EVASION), Laboratoire d'informatique GRAphique, VIsion et Robotique de Grenoble (GRAVIR - IMAG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Gestes Medico-chirurgicaux Assistés par Ordinateur (TIMC-IMAG-GMCAO), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Collaborative interactive virtual environment (ALCOVE), Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale de Lille (LIFL), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-IRCICA, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)
Subjects: [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Computer science, [INFO.INFO-GR] Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, 02 engineering and technology, Virtual reality, 01 natural sciences, biomechanics, Rendering (computer graphics), Octree, Minimum bounding box, [SPI.MECA.BIOM] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Boundary value problem, [PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], 0101 mathematics, Simulation, Extended finite element method, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, [PHYS.MECA.BIOM] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], 020207 software engineering, Mixed finite element method, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Finite element method, soft body simulation, [SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Algorithm
Abstract: International audience; The complexity of most surgical models has not allowed interactive simulations on standard computers. We propose a new framework to finely control the resolution of the models. This allows us to dynamically concentrate the computational force where it is most needed. Given the segmented scan of an object to simulate, we first compute a bounding box and then recursively subdivide it where needed. The cells of this octree structure are labelled with mechanical properties based on material parameters and fill rate. An efficient physical simulation is then performed using hierarchical hexaedral finite elements. The object surface can be used for rendering and to apply boundary conditions. Compared with traditional finite element approaches, our method dramatically simplifies the task of volume meshing in order to facilitate the using of patient specific models, and increases the propagation of the deformations.
Published: 2006

48. Formation of Spinifex Texture in Komatiites: an Experimental Study

Author: Nicholas Arndt, François Faure, Guy Libourel, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géodynamique des Chaines Alpines (LGCA), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Géologie (ENSG), Université de Lorraine (UL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Olivine, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, spinifex, Platy, Mineralogy, Liquidus, Pyroxene, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Temperature gradient, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, Ultramafic rock, komatiite, experimental petrology, Magma, engineering, Texture (crystalline), cooling rate, thermal gradient, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The formation of platy olivine spinifex, the texture that characterizes komatiite lavas, has long been enigmatic. A major problem is that the dendritic morphology of the olivine resembles that of crystals grown in laboratory experiments at high cooling rates (>50 C/h), but at the position where these textures form, up to several meters below the komatiite flow top, the cooling rate cannot have been greater than 1–5 C/h. We performed experiments that demonstrate that the platy habit of spinifex olivine or pyroxene is a consequence of slow cooling of ultramafic magma in a thermal gradient (7–35 C/cm). The charges were cooled at rates between 2 and 1428 C/h and, even at the low cooling rates, the thermal gradient led to constrained growth and the development of preferentially oriented dendritic crystals with orphologies like those in natural platy spinifex-textured lavas. Under these conditions, olivine starts to crystallize at temperatures well below the equilibrium liquidus temperature (37 C < –DT< 56 C) depending on the composition of the starting material.When the cooling rate is high, the thermal gradient has a negligible effect on the texture and the crystals have a random orientation, like that in the upper parts of komatiite flows.
Published: 2006
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49. Efficient, Physically Plausible Finite Elements

Author: Matthieu Nesme, Yohan PAYAN, François Faure, Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Virtual environments for animation and image synthesis of natural objects (EVASION), Laboratoire d'informatique GRAphique, VIsion et Robotique de Grenoble (GRAVIR - IMAG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gestes Medico-chirurgicaux Assistés par Ordinateur (TIMC-IMAG-GMCAO), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR]
Abstract: International audience; This paper discusses FEM-based simulations of soft bodies in terms of speed and robustness. To be physically plausible, three fundamental laws must be respected: rotational invariance, Newton's law and Euler's law. We show that precomputed strain-displacement matrices generate nonphysical torques which can lead to visual artifacts. We then derive the fastest FEM-based method meeting our criteria of plausibility and robustness and discuss their limitations.
Published: 2005

50. Collision Detection for Deformable Objects

Author: Arnulph Fuhrmann, Marie-Paule Cani, Wolfgang Strasser, Matthias Teschner, Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann, Pascal Volino, François Faure, Bruno Heidelberger, Gabriel Zachmann, Laks Raghupathi, Stefan Kimmerle, Department of Computer Graphics (UNI Freiburg), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Wilhelm-Schickard-Institut für Informatik · Lehrstuhl GRaphisch-Interaktive Systeme (WSI/GRIS), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Department of Computer Science [ETH Zürich] (D-INFK), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Technical Computer Science, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Virtual environments for animation and image synthesis of natural objects (EVASION), Laboratoire d'informatique GRAphique, VIsion et Robotique de Grenoble (GRAVIR - IMAG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Computer Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt), MIRALab, Université de Genève (UNIGE), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Technische Universität Darmstadt - Technical University of Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)
Subjects: Cloth modeling, business.industry, Computer science, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, 020207 software engineering, Entertainment technology, 02 engineering and technology, Bounding volume hierarchy, Collision, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Bounding volume, Computer graphics (images), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Collision detection, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, Space partitioning, business, Distance transform, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Abstract: An updated version has been republished in Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 61-81, March 2005. Naturally, the above files contain the new version.; International audience; Interactive environments for dynamically deforming objects play an important role in surgery simulation and entertainment technology. These environments require fast deformable models and very efficient collision handling techniques. While collision detection for rigid bodies is well-investigated, collision detection for deformable objects introduces additional challenging problems. This paper focuses on these aspects and summarizes recent research in the area of deformable collision detection. Various approaches based on bounding volume hierarchies, distance fields, and spatial partitioning are discussed. Further, image-space techniques and stochastic methods are considered. Applications in cloth modeling and surgical simulation are presented.
Published: 2004

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