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107 results on '"Fisheries and Oceans"'

1. Responses of ecological indicators to fishing pressure under environmental change: exploring non-linearity and thresholds

Author: Christopher P. Lynam, Ghassen Halouani, Caihong Fu, Yunne-Jai Shin, Ekin Akoglu, Lynne J. Shannon, Laure Velez, Johanna J. Heymans, Yi Xu, Arnaud Grüss, Elizabeth A. Fulton, Marta Coll, Alida Bundy, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), University of Washington [Seattle], University of Cape Town, Scottish Oceans Institute [University of St Andrews] (SOI), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland], Ecosystèmes et Ressources Aquatiques (UR03AGRO1), Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Oceanografia Sperimentale (OGS), Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Lowestoft] (CEFAS), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Université de Montpellier (UM), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental change, Generalized additive model, Fishing, Marine ecosystem model, Aquatic Science, generalized additive model, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem-based fisheries management, primary productivity, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, ecosystem-based fisheries management, Marine ecosystem, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Proxy (statistics), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, marine ecosystem model, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Non-linear response, Fishery, Ecological indicator, Geography, 13. Climate action, Primary productivity, non-linear response, Fisheries management, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Contribution to the Themed Section Science in support of a nonlinear non-equilibrium worl.-- This is a contribution to the IndiSeas Working Group, co-funded by IOC-UNESCO (www.ioc-unesco.org) and EuroMarine (http://www.euromarinenetwork.eu), to the project EMIBIOS (FRB, contract no. APP-SCEN-2010-II) and to the IOC-UNESCO GOOS Programme and GOOS Biology and Ecosystems Panel.-- 16 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, supplementary material https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsz182, Marine ecosystems are influenced by multiple stressors in both linear and non-linear ways. Using generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to outputs from a multi-ecosystem, multi-model simulation experiment, we investigated 14 major ecological indicators across ten marine ecosystems about their responses to fishing pressure under: (i) three different fishing strategies (focusing on low-, high-, or all-trophic-level taxa); and (ii) four different scenarios of directional or random primary productivity change, a proxy for environmental change. From this work, we draw four major conclusions: (i) responses of indicators to fishing mortality in shapes, directions, and thresholds depend on the fishing strategies considered; (ii) most of the indicators demonstrate decreasing trends with increasing fishing mortality, with a few exceptions depending on the type of fishing strategy; (iii) most of the indicators respond to fishing mortality in a linear way, particularly for community and biomass-based indicators; and (iv) occurrence of threshold for non-linear-mixed type (i.e. non-linear with inflection points) is not prevalent within the fishing mortality rates explored. The conclusions drawn from the present study provide a knowledge base in indicators’ dynamics under different fishing and primary productivity levels, thereby facilitating the application of ecosystem-based fisheries management worldwide, The work on Canada West Coast ecosystem was sponsored by Fisheries & Oceans Canada under the Aquatic Climate Change and Adaptation Services Programme. YJS and LV were supported by the project EMIBIOS (FRB, contract no. APP-SCEN-2010-II). AG was supported by NOAA’s Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (IEA) programme (http://www.noaa.gov/iea/). MC was supported by the Marie Curie Career Integration Grant Fellowships—PCIG10-GA-2011-303534—to the BIOWEB project and the Spanish National Project PELWEB (CTM2017-88939-R). All other authors were supported by their respective affiliations, With the funding support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S), of the Spanish Research Agency (AEI)
Published: 2019

2. One for each ocean: revision of the Bursa granularis (Röding, 1798) species complex (Gastropoda: Tonnoidea: Bursidae)

Author: Philippe Bouchet, Alan G. Beu, Sarah Samadi, Didier Merle, Malcolm T. Sanders, Nicolas Puillandre, Magalie Castelin, Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systématique, adaptation, évolution (SAE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Species complex, Ecology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Aquatic Science, Biology, Bursa granularis, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Gastropoda, Animal Science and Zoology, Bursidae, 14. Life underwater, Tonnoidea
Abstract: Bursa granularis (Roding, 1798) is a tonnoidean gastropod that is regarded as broadly distributed throughout the Indo-Pacific and tropical western Atlantic. Because of its variable shell it has received no less than thirteen names, now all synonymized under the name B. granularis. We sequenced a fragment of the cox1 gene for 82 specimens covering a large part of its distribution and most type localities. Two delimitation methods were applied, one based on genetic distance (ABGD) and one based on phylogenetic trees (GMYC). All analyses suggest that specimens identified as B. granularis comprise four distinct species: one limited to the tropical western Atlantic, another to southwestern Western Australia and two in the Indo-Pacific (from the Red Sea to the open Pacific) that are partly sympatric-but not syntopic-in Japan, the Philippines, Vanuatu and New Caledonia. Based on comparison of shell characters, we applied the following available names to the four species, respectively: B. cubaniana (d'Orbigny, 1841), B. elisabettae Nappo, Pellegrini & Bonomolo, 2014, B. granularis s. s. and B. affinis Broderip, 1833. We provide new standardized conchological descriptions for each of them. Our results demonstrate that a long planktotrophic larval stage, common among Tonnoidea, does not necessarily ensure a circumtropical species distribution.
Published: 2017

3. Use of integrative taxonomy and DNA barcoding for characterization of ecological processes structuring marine benthic community assemblages in British Columbia

Author: Castelin, Magalie, Steenkiste, Niels Van, Gilmore, Scott, Pante, Eric, Harbo, Rick, Lowe, Geoff, Merilees, Bill, Frey, Melissa, Therriault, Thomas, Abbott, Cathryn, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Royal BC Museum
Subjects: [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity
Abstract: International audience; Human-induced disturbances generate strong selection pressures on the ecology and evolution of species, affecting community dynamics, ecosystem functioning, and global processes. In the marine environment, the taxonomy and distribution of most organisms are poorly known. As ecologists strive to understand increasingly complex processes, involving all species interacting within communities, reliable and accessible taxonomic tools to identify species in broad community-level datasets are needed. This study aims to document the species diversity of benthic marine communities in British Columbia, Canada, and to establish a molecular inventory including DNA barcodes to enable confident identification of species for ecological research. Results: Intertidal and subtidal sites were sampled across 700 km of BC coastline and 2000 specimens were collected. For marine shelled gastropods and brachyuran crabs, we used a high-throughput integrative taxonomic approach to generate fast and accurate species hypotheses based on the phylogenetic species concept. To date, 57 species have been delimited, including cryptic species that can cause difficulty in ecological studies because of taxonomic uncertainty. Rarefaction curves suggest 80%–100% of the actual diversity of macro-species living in sampled habitats was collected. However, the compilation of historic reports of species presence suggests that many micro and deep-sea species remain to be sampled in the North East Pacific. Overall, the four habitat types analyzed contained distinct species assemblages. Evidence of nonrandom co-occurrence patterns indicative of ecological relationships or reflecting preference for certain environmental conditions were observed in 35 species. Significance: This is the first study to assess marine species richness and ecological patterns in BC using a modernized approach to species hypotheses including the incorporation of DNA barcode data. The high-throughput taxonomic approach used should bring new opportunities for ecologists studying complex natural communities. The molecular inventory of native macro-species generated provides baseline data and will facilitate monitoring for invasive species in BC.
Published: 2015

4. Rhythmic analysis for click train detection and source separation with examples on beluga whales

Author: O. Le Bot, Cedric Gervaise, Yvan Simard, Jerome Mars, GIPSA - Signal Images Physique (GIPSA-SIGMAPHY), Département Images et Signal (GIPSA-DIS), Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Maurice-Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Fisheries and Oceans Canada, and ANR-12-ASTR-0021,MER CALME,Caractérisation Acoustique de Littoraux Marins et de leurs Ecosystèmes(2012)
Subjects: Interval (music), Engineering, Passive acoustic monitoring, Rhythm, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, business.industry, Acoustics, Speech recognition, Source separation, Beluga Whale, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Jitter
Abstract: International audience; Passive acoustic monitoring systems are used to study cetaceans through the sounds they produce. Among them, toothed whales emit sequences of acoustic impulses having a rhythmic pattern. As they generally live in pods, click trains from several individuals are often interleaved and recorded together with additional natural or anthropogenic impulsive sources. This paper presents an algorithm that uses the rhythmic properties of odontocete click trains for detecting rhythmic impulse trains embedded in other impulse sounds and de-interleaving click trains from simultaneous clicking odontocetes. The contributions of the article are: (1) a method to detect the presence/absence of rhythmic click trains and to characterize the time – Inter Click Interval (ICI) pattern of click trains; (2) an analytical analysis of the performances of this method (jitter, length of click trains); (3) the demonstration of its efficiency on real data with wild beluga whales recorded in Canada.
Published: 2015

5. Hierarchical Bayesian modelling of Atlantic salmon egg to smolt time series from monitored rivers of Eastern Canada to define and transport reference points

Author: Chaput, Gérald, Prévost, Etienne, Dempson, Brian, Dionne, Mélanie, Jones, Ross, Levy, A., Robertson, M., Veinott, G., Fisheries and Oceans Canada (COOGER), Ecologie Comportementale et Biologie des Populations de Poissons (ECOBIOP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec, and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Subjects: salmo salar, dynamique des populations, canada, population dynamics, modèle hiérarchique, salmon, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, atlantic, modèle bayésien, relation stock recrutement
Abstract: M 2168
Published: 2015

6. Effects of anthropogenic sounds on the behavior and physiology of the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica)

Author: Ledoux, Tamara, Clements, Jeff C., Comeau, Luc A., Cervello, Gauthier, Tremblay, Réjean, Olivier, Frédéric, Chauvaud, Laurent, Bernier, Renée Y., Lamarre, Simon G., Université de Moncton, Gulf Fisheries Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, noise pollution, Ocean Engineering, global change biology, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, animal behavior, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, energetic physiology, coastal ecosystem, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Water Science and Technology, environmental stressors
Abstract: IntroductionNoise pollution is a major stressor in the marine environment; however, responses of economically and ecologically important invertebrates, such as oysters, are largely unknown.MethodsUnder laboratory conditions, we measured acute behavioral and physiological responses of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) to sound treatments mimicking human activity in the environment.ResultsOysters immediately reduced their valve gape under simulated pile driving sound, but not drilling or boating sound. Pile-driving sound also reduced adductor muscle glycogen, but not triglyceride. None of the sound treatments affected longer-term (12 hours) valve activity levels after the administration of sounds. Interestingly, neither acute nor longer-term valve gaping responses were correlated with glycogen content on the individual level, suggesting that the observed behavioral responses to sound were not mechanistically driven by energetic physiology.DiscussionOur results suggest that C. virginica responds to some, but not all, anthropogenic sounds. Future studies assessing downstream effects on growth, reproduction, and survival in the wild are needed to better understand the effects of anthropogenic sounds on oyster populations and the biological communities they support.
Published: 2023

7. Phytoplankton reaction to an intense storm in the north-western Mediterranean Sea

Author: Stéphanie Barrillon, Robin Fuchs, Anne A. Petrenko, Caroline Comby, Anthony Bosse, Christophe Yohia, Jean-Luc Fuda, Nagib Bhairy, Frédéric Cyr, Andrea M. Doglioli, Gérald Grégori, Roxane Tzortzis, Francesco d'Ovidio, Melilotus Thyssen, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre d'océanologie de Marseille (COM), and Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: The study of extreme weather events and their impact on ocean physics and biogeochemistry is challenging due to the difficulty involved with collecting in situ data. However, recent research has pointed out the major influence of such physical forcing events on microbiological organisms. Moreover, the occurrence of such intense events may increase in the future in the context of global change. In May 2019, an intense storm occurred in the Ligurian Sea (north-western Mediterranean Sea) and was captured during the FUMSECK (Facilities for Updating the Mediterranean Submesoscale – Ecosystem Coupling Knowledge) cruise. In situ multi-platform (vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler, thermosalinometer, fluorometer, flow cytometer, a moving vessel profiler equipped with a multi-sensor towed vehicle, and a glider) measurements along with satellite data and a 3D atmospheric model were used to characterise the fine-scale dynamics occurring in the impacted oceanic zone. The most affected area was marked by a lower water temperature (1 ∘C colder), a factor of 2 increase in surface chlorophyll a, and a factor of 7 increase in the nitrate concentration, exhibiting strong gradients with respect to the surrounding waters. Our results show that this storm led to a deepening of the mixed-layer depth from 15 to 50 m and a dilution of the deep chlorophyll maximum. As a result, the surface biomass of most phytoplankton groups identified by automated flow cytometry increased by up to a factor of 2. Conversely, the carbon / chlorophyll ratio of most phytoplankton groups decreased by a factor of 2, evidencing significant changes in the phytoplankton cell composition. These results suggest that the role of storms on the biogeochemistry and ecology of the Mediterranean Sea may be underestimated and highlight the need for high-resolution measurements during these events coupling physics and biology.
Published: 2023

8. Plasticity of European flounder life history patterns discloses alternatives to catadromy

Author: Carlos Antunes, Françoise Daverat, Jean Martin, Pedro Morais, Mélissa Eon, Ester Dias, Ronan Fablet, John A. Babaluk, Christophe Pécheyran, Ecosystèmes estuariens et poissons migrateurs amphihalins (UR EPBX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (Universidade do Porto) (CIMAR/CIIMAR ), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (.) (FOC), Lab-STICC_TB_CID_TOMS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Signal et Communications (SC), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Bretagne-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB), Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), ICCE INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR COASTAL ECOHYDROLOGY FARO PRT, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), CIMAR CENTRO INTERDISCIPLINAR DE INVESTIGACAO MARINHA E AMBIENTAL PORTO PRT, INSTITUTO DE CIENCIAS BIOLMEDICAS DE ABEL SALAZAR PORTO PRT, FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA MANITOBA CAN, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biodiversity, Flounder, Phenotypic plasticity, Aquatic Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, medicine, 14. Life underwater, EUROPEAN FLOUNDER, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Migration, Otolith, geography, Larva, Facultative, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Otolith microchemistry, Estuary, biology.organism_classification, medicine.anatomical_structure, Habitat, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; European flounder (Platychthys flesus) life history patterns were investigated at three locations along a latitudinal gradient (Minho- N-Portugal, Gironde- SW-France, Seine- N-France). We used coupled Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca otolith signatures and microstructure to retrospectively determine habitats occupied by flounder during early life history stages and spawning events. Our results showed a high diversity of life history patterns within each sampling location and between locations. Egg signatures showed two distinct origins, coastal or freshwater, suggesting that flounders may use two different spawning habitats. The coastal type egg signature was dominant at all locations, and the freshwater egg signature was most frequent in the Seine. During pre-metamorphosis, the predominant habitat for flounder larvae varied between all sites. The freshwater habitat was the predominant habitat for the Seine’s pre-metamorphic and metamorphosed flounders (40%); while in the Gironde and in the Minho, the predominant habitats were the coast (52%) and the estuary (79%), respectively. The diversity of life history patterns was greatest in the Gironde (16), than in the Seine (12) or in the Minho (9). During the first year of life of the Seine’s flounder, most fish stayed in freshwater environments (40%). This pattern was the third most frequent for Gironde flounder (12%), but it was not observed in flounder captured in the Minho. Our study suggested that flounder use estuarine and coastal spawning grounds. Hence, catadromy in European flounder may be facultative behavior, and the species exhibits great plasticity in the life history patterns, which adaptative value still remains to be investigated.
Published: 2012

9. Natural and human-induced hypoxia and consequences for coastal areas: synthesis and future development

Author: Jing Zhang, Ed Urban, Lisa A. Levin, Denis Gilbert, Boris Dewitte, S. W. A. Naqvi, Andrew J. Gooday, Elva Escobar-Briones, Temel Oguz, Angelica Peña, Pedro M. S. Monteiro, Ragnar Elmgren, Werner Ekau, M. I. Scranton, Venugopalan Ittekkot, Osvaldo Ulloa, W. M. Kemp, A.K. van der Plas, Jack J. Middelburg, Nancy N. Rabalais, State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Maurice-Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Integrative Oceanography Division, CSIR National Institute of Oceanography [India] (NIO), Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences [Stony Brook] (SoMAS), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Echanges Côte-Large (ECOLA), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Middle East Technical University, Institute of Marine Sciences (IMS-METU), Middle East Technical University [Ankara] (METU), Ocean Systems & Climate Group, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research [Pretoria] (CSIR), Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES), University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Departmento de Oceanografía & Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica en el Pacífico Sur-Oriental, Universidad de Concepción [Chile], Stockholm University, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad National Autonoma de Mexico, Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Fisheries and Oceans Canada ( DFO ), National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] ( NOC ), University of Southampton [Southampton], National Institute of Oceanography [India] ( NIO ), Netherlands Institute of Ecology ( NIOO-KNAW ), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences ( KNAW ), School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University [The State University of New York] ( SBU ), Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research ( ZMT ), ECOLA LEGOS, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales ( LEGOS ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Middle East Technical University, Institute of Marine Sciences ( IMS-METU ), Middle East Technical University [Ankara] ( METU ), CSIR, Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research, College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Concepción - University of Concepcion [Chile], and Ecosystems Studies
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Life, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, coastal areas, future development, hypoxia, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Earth-Surface Processes, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, [ SDU.STU.OC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, fungi, Hypoxia (environmental), Estuary, 15. Life on land, lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, Oceanography, Habitat destruction, Habitat, 13. Climate action, Sustainability, Upwelling, lcsh:Ecology
Abstract: Hypoxia has become a world-wide phenomenon in the global coastal ocean and causes deterioration of structure and function of ecosystems. Based on the collective contributions of members of SCOR Working Group #128, the present study provides an overview of the major aspects of coastal hypoxia in different biogeochemical provinces, including estuaries, upwelling areas, fjords and semi-enclosed basins, with various external forcings, ecosystem responses, feedbacks and potential impact on the sustainability of the fishery and economics. The obvious external forcings include fresh water runoff and other factors contributing to stratification, organic matter and nutrient loadings, as well as exchange between coastal and open ocean water masses; their different interactions set up mechanisms that drive the system towards hypoxia. However, whether the coastal environment becomes hypoxic or not, under the combination of external forcings, depends also on the nature of the ecosystem, e.g. physical and geographic settings. It is understood that coastal hypoxia has a profound impact on the sustainability of ecosystems, which can be seen, for example, by the change in the food-web structure and system function; other influences can be compression and loss of habitat, as well as change in life cycle and reproduction. In most cases, the ecosystem responds to the low dissolved oxygen in a non-linear way and has pronounced feedbacks to other compartments of the Earth System, hence affecting human society. Our knowledge and previous experiences illustrate that there is a need to develop new observational tools and models to support integrated research of biogeochemical dynamics and ecosystem behaviour that will improve confidence in remediation management strategies for coastal hypoxia.
Published: 2010

10. The role of predation by harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus) in the collapse and non-recovery of northern Gulf of St. Lawrence cod (Gadus morhua)

Author: Mike O. Hammill, Daniel E. Duplisea, Garry B. Stenson, Amanda Caskenette, Yvan Lambert, Emmanuel Chassot, Nicolas Bousquet, Division des Sciences Halieutiques et Aquacoles (DSHA), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), UMR 212 EME 'écosystèmes marins exploités' (EME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Division of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Département de Mathématiques et Statistiques, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Division of Fisheries and Ocean Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre (NWAFC), Species at risk funding program (SARCEP), and SARCEP
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, BIOMETRIE, PHOQUE, Maximum likelihood, Fishing, Population, FEMELLE, MORUE, Functional response, Aquatic Science, Biology, Cod, PONTE, 01 natural sciences, ABONDANCE, Predation, POISSON MARIN, recovery, functional response, Gadus, CONTENU STOMACAL, 14. Life underwater, MAMMIFERE MARIN, RECRUTEMENT, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Harp seal, education.field_of_study, PREDATION, model, Ecology, Overfishing, ESPECE COMMERCIALE, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, STOCK, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, MODELISATION, harp seal, Fishery, MORTALITE, MATURITE SEXUELLE, PECHE, 040102 fisheries, DYNAMIQUE DE POPULATION, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, predation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: A statistical catch-at-age model was developed to assess the effects of predation by the northwest Atlantic harp seal population on northern Gulf of St. Lawrence cod by estimating the rela- tive importance of different sources of mortality that affected the stock during a period of collapse and non-recovery. Cod recruitment at age 1 is modeled via a non-linear stock-recruitment relation- ship based on total egg production and accounts for changes in female length-at-maturity and cod condition. Natural mortality other than seal predation also depends on cod condition used as an inte- grative index of changes in environmental conditions. The linkage between seals and cod is modeled through a multi-age functional response that was derived from the reconstruction of the seal diet using morphometric relationships and stomach contents of more than 200 seals collected between 1998 and 2001. The model was fitted following a maximum likelihood estimation approach to a sci- entific survey abundance index (1984 to 2006). Model results show that the collapse of the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence cod stock was mainly due to the combination of high fishing mortality rates and poor environmental conditions in the early to mid-1990s contributing to the current state of recruit- ment overfishing. The increase in harp seal abundance during 1984 to 2006 was reflected by an increase in predation mortality for the young cod age-groups targeted by seals. Although current levels of predation mortality affect cod spawning biomass, the lack of recovery of the NGSL cod stock seems mainly due to the very poor recruitment.
Published: 2009

11. Using gene expression to identify the most suitable environmental conditions for juvenile deepwater redfish (Sebastes mentella) growth and metabolism in the Estuary and the Gulf of St. Lawrence

Author: Martínez-Silva, Maria Angelica, Vagner, Marie, Senay, Caroline, Audet, Céline, Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maurice-Lamontagne Institute, and Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: International audience; Abstract Deepwater redfish Sebastes mentella will be among the most important resource-sustaining commercial bottom-fish fisheries in the years to come in the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence (EGSL). In 2011, 2012, and 2013, three strong cohorts were recruited to the stock; their abundance in 2018 was 80 times higher than that of the 1993–2012 period. The main goal of this work was to deepen our knowledge of their growth regulation and metabolism in order to identify molecular indicators and determine how they are influenced by natural environmental conditions. Fish weight and water temperature explained 11% of the variation in relative mRNA levels of specific gene targets in liver and muscle among seven sites where deepwater redfish were captured in the EGSL. The relative expression of liver insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf-1) and white muscle A-chain lactate dehydrogenase (ldh-a) correlate positively with weight, whereas heavy chain muscle myosin (myo), heart citrate synthase (cs), and white muscle pyruvate kinase (pk) correlate negatively. The relative expression of heart cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox-1) and white muscle igf-1 receptor isoform a (igf-1ra) correlate negatively with temperature. Deepwater redfish from the estuary were smaller than those caught at other sites. Since the growth potential of deepwater redfish was strongly correlated with temperature (being enhanced by higher temperatures), this study suggests an ecological advantage for this species in a climate-warming context.
Published: 2022

12. Vertebrate predation in the Late Devonian evidenced by bite traces and regurgitations: implications within an early tetrapod freshwater ecosystem

Author: Ninon Robin, Florian Noirit, Marion Chevrinais, Gaël Clément, Sébastien Olive, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Belgian Federal Science Policy Office [B2/202/P1/VERTIGO, B2/202/P1/PARADI2S]
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, trophic interaction, Upper Devonian, Paleontology, terrestrialization, predation, regurgitalite, sarcopterygian
Abstract: International audience; The terrestrialization process by vertebrates occurred during the Devonian period, with fully land-dwelling tetrapods recorded in the Carboniferous. Thus, the Late Devonian is an important period for deciphering the ecological pressures that applied during the water-to-land transition. Higher predation pressures in the underwater environment have been suggested as an influential biotic evolutionary factor in this key habitat shift. Direct evidence of ancient predation on Palaeozoic vertebrates is seen in the form of rare traces preserved on fossils, and these range from trauma observed on the skeleton (such as attack marks) to ingested food remains (bromalites). The late Famennian freshwater ecosystem of Strud (Belgium) consists of a rich assemblage of many coeval gnathostomes or jawed fishes (placoderms, 'acanthodians', actinopterygians, and various sarcopterygian groups including tetrapods). Here we analyse the record of direct evidence for predation in the Strud vertebrate fossil assemblage. We recognize 12 regurgitalites and 13 bite traces, including a rare case of a tooth embedded in its original prey body target. Fossils from regurgitalites were imaged using scanning electron microscopy and chemically analysed to test for their possible ingestion signature by comparison with other isolated skeletal remains from the same locality. From this evidence, tristichopterid tetrapodomorphs are inferred to be the highest consumers of the trophic network, targeting small placoderms, and porolepiforms, and probably congeners. We observe two possible prey patterns in regurgitalites, for sarcopterygians and actinopterygians, both of which are associated with acanthodians. In Strud, no trophic position can be deduced for tetrapods from direct fossil evidence of predation.
Published: 2022

13. Marine habitat use and feeding ecology of introduced anadromous brown trout at the colonization front of the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen archipelago

Author: Glenn T. Crossin, Michael Power, Colin Buhariwalla, Jan Grimsrud Davidsen, Xavier Bordeleau, Frederick G. Whoriskey, Sindre Håvarstein Eldøy, Philippe Gaudin, NTNU University Museum [Trondheim], Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology (Dalhousie University), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Ocean Tracking network, Dalhousie University, University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Nova Scotia Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Ecologie Comportementale et Biologie des Populations de Poissons (ECOBIOP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), French Polar Institute (IPEV, Institut Polaire Paul-Emile Victor) / SALMEVOL Program, LTSER (Zone Atelier Antarctique et Terres Australes), NTNU University Museum, Dalhousie University's Ocean Tracking Network, and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Stable isotope analysis, Behavioural ecology, Trout, Science, Foraging, Antarctic Regions, Fresh Water, antarctic, Animal migration, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Zooplankton, Article, feeding ecology, Brown trout, Animals, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Ecosystem, Islands, Population Density, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Fish migration, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Geography, biology, kerguelen, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Temperature, Marine habitats, Feeding Behavior, biology.organism_classification, Habitat, marine habitat, Archipelago, Medicine, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Introduced Species
Abstract: In 1954, brown trout were introduced to the Kerguelen archipelago (49°S, 70°E), a pristine, sub-Antarctic environment previously devoid of native freshwater fishes. Trout began spreading rapidly via coastal waters to colonize adjacent watersheds, however, recent and unexpectedly the spread has slowed. To better understand the ecology of the brown trout here, and why their expansion has slowed, we documented the marine habitat use, foraging ecology, and environmental conditions experienced over one year by 50 acoustically tagged individuals at the colonization front. Trout mainly utilized the marine habitat proximate to their tagging site, ranging no further than 7 km and not entering any uncolonized watersheds. Nutritional indicators showed that trout were in good condition at the time of tagging. Stomach contents and isotope signatures in muscle of additional trout revealed a diet of amphipods (68%), fish (23%), isopods (6%), and zooplankton (6%). The small migration distances observed, presence of suitable habitat, and rich local foraging opportunities suggest that trout can achieve their resource needs close to their home rivers. This may explain why the expansion of brown trout at Kerguelen has slowed.
Published: 2021

14. Kelp in the Eastern Canadian Arctic: Current and Future Predictions of Habitat Suitability and Cover

Author: Jesica Goldsmit, Robert W. Schlegel, Karen Filbee-Dexter, Kathleen A. MacGregor, Ladd E. Johnson, Christopher J. Mundy, Amanda M. Savoie, Christopher W. McKindsey, Kimberly L. Howland, Philippe Archambault, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Western Australia (UWA), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), and Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, species distribution model (SDM), Science, Kelp, Climate change, Ocean Engineering, QH1-199.5, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Sea ice, Marine ecosystem, polar, ensemble model, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Water Science and Technology, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, 15. Life on land, shallow subtidal benthic, biology.organism_classification, Kelp forest, climate change, Habitat, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Laminariales, Environmental science, Global biodiversity
Abstract: Climate change is transforming marine ecosystems through the expansion and contraction of species’ ranges. Sea ice loss and warming temperatures are expected to expand habitat availability for macroalgae along long stretches of Arctic coastlines. To better understand the current distribution of kelp forests in the Eastern Canadian Arctic, kelps were sampled along the coasts for species identifications and percent cover. The sampling effort was supplemented with occurrence records from global biodiversity databases, searches in the literature, and museum records. Environmental information and occurrence records were used to develop ensemble models for predicting habitat suitability and a Random Forest model to predict kelp cover for the dominant kelp species in the region – Agarum clathratum, Alaria esculenta, and Laminariaceae species (Laminaria solidungula and Saccharina latissima). Ice thickness, sea temperature and salinity explained the highest percentage of kelp distribution. Both modeling approaches showed that the current extent of arctic kelps is potentially much greater than the available records suggest. These modeling approaches were projected into the future using predicted environmental data for 2050 and 2100 based on the most extreme emission scenario (RCP 8.5). The models agreed that predicted distribution of kelp in the Eastern Canadian Arctic is likely to expand to more northern locations under future emissions scenarios, with the exception of the endemic arctic kelp L. solidungula, which is more likely to lose a significant proportion of suitable habitat. However, there were differences among species regarding predicted cover for both current and future projections. Notwithstanding model-specific variation, it is evident that kelps are widespread throughout the area and likely contribute significantly to the functioning of current Arctic ecosystems. Our results emphasize the importance of kelp in Arctic ecosystems and the underestimation of their potential distribution there.
Published: 2021

15. Recent progress in the study of fine-scale physical-biological coupling in the Mediterranean Sea

Author: Gérald Grégori, Bàrbara Barceló-Llull, Louise Rousselet, Stéphanie Barrillon, Lucie Bordois, Ananda Pascual, Roxane Tzortzis, Nagib Bhairy, Franck Dumas, Caroline Comby, Melilotus Thyssen, Anne Petrenko, Llyod Izard, Andrea Doglioli, Frédéric Cyr, Marc Tedetti, Pierre Garreau, Francesco d'Ovidio, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre (NWAFC), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine (SHOM), Ministère de la Défense, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), and University of California-University of California
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, Oceanography, Frontogenesis, Mediterranean sea, Eddy, 13. Climate action, Diurnal cycle, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Phytoplankton, Mesoscale meteorology, Sampling (statistics), Environmental science, 14. Life underwater
Abstract: Trabajo presentado a la 23rd EGU General Assembly, celebrada online del 19al 30 de abril de 2021., The fine scales are defined here as oceanic dynamical features (eddies, fronts and filaments) generally induced by mesoscale interactions and frontogenesis, and often associated with intense vertical exchanges. These processes are characterized by horizontal scales of 1–10 km with a relatively short lifetime of days/weeks to months. This temporal scale is similar to that of many biological processes, such as, phytoplankton growth, suggesting a physical and biological coupling. Numerical simulations and satellite observations have allowed the characterization of this regime highlighting the role played by these fine scales on structuring the phytoplankton community. To better understand this coupling mechanism, physical and biological in situ measurements are necessary. However, the observations of fine scales remains challenging due to the difficulties of sampling at high spatio-temporal frequency (~km ~daily). Over the past few years, the Mediterranean Sea has become a lab for developing fine scale in situ strategies. Indeed, a series of campaigns using a satellite based adaptative and Lagrangian strategy coupled with a high-resolution physical-biological sampling, have been performed in order to follow and describe fine scale structures. Following this strategy, the PROTEVSMED-SWOT 2018 cruise has been leaded in the South of the Balearic Islands, with a particular attention to correlate the Lagrangian sampling with the temporal phytoplankton growth, in order to reconstruct the phytoplankton diurnal cycle. Multidisciplinary in situ sensors have allowed to identify a frontal area with a dynamic vertical circulation. Furthermore, the presence of two Atlantic waters, at different stages of mixing associated with various abundances of several phytoplankton groups, corroborated that fine scales must be dynamical barriers to transport, as previous modeling studies have proposed. In order to better understand fine scale mechanisms, the Protevs Gibraltar cruise was performed in the Strait of Gibraltar in October 2020. This region of study is characterized by an important exchange of Mediterranean and Atlantic waters, and also by an intense circulation that generates energetic processes, which make it a favorable place for the formation of fine scale structures. The new knowledge acquired with these studies paves the way to the future BIOSWOT-Med campaign planned for 2022 in the western Mediterranean Sea under the future SWOT satellite crossover tracks.
Published: 2021

16. Study of fine-scale dynamics and their coupling with biogeochemistry - FUMSECK cruise

Author: Jean-Luc Fuda, Melilotus Thyssen, Anne Petrenko, Francesco d'Ovidio, Gérald Grégori, Hubert Bataille, Anthony Bosse, Stéphanie Barrillon, Nagib Bhairy, Andrea Doglioli, Roxane Tzortzis, Frédéric Cyr, Caroline Comby, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Coupling (physics), Oceanography, Scale (ratio), 13. Climate action, Cruise, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Biogeochemistry, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater
Abstract: FUMSECK (Facilities for Updating the Mediterranean Submesoscale - Ecosystem Coupling Knowledge) is a one-week cruise, which took place in spring 2019, in the gulf of Genoa (NW Mediterranean Sea), onboard the R/V Téthys II. It was conducted in preparation of the BioSWOT-Med cruise in the SW Mediterranean Sea in 2022, planned as part of the ``Adopt a Cross Over'' initiative organising simultaneous oceanographic cruises around the world during the SWOT fast sampling phase. During FUMSECK we tested various technological innovations for the study of fine-scale dynamics and their coupling with biogeochemistry.By their interactions, the fine scales could induce some ageostrophic and tridimensional dynamics, which are a critical point for the understanding of the vertical exchanges and their effect on biogeochemistry. Therefore, the fine scales play a key role in the oceans global balance and, despite their low intensity, clearly impact processes such as nutriment vertical transfer and carbon export. However, their ephemeral nature complicates their in situ measurements, which are nevertheless essential for their understanding and for the confirmation of the models’ prediction and the satellite observations. Furthermore, measuring vertical velocities in situ represents a real challenge since they are several orders of magnitude below the horizontal ones.The FUMSECK cruise benefited from the automatic Lagrangian SPASSO treatment of the satellite data with an onshore team providing a daily bulletin of analysis and guidance on the fine-scale structures in the studied area. The distribution of phytoplankton functional groups at a small spatio-temporal scale was measured by automated flow cytometry with imaging. This technology allows to address the distribution of phytoplankton at fine scales within its hydrodynamic context. Several methods of measuring vertical velocities have been deployed, using different ADCP at fixed depth and in profile, FF-ADCP (Free Fall ADCP), the VVP (Vertical Velocities Profiler) prototype developed at MIO, and a SeaExplorer glider. These methods have shown promising results for in situ measurement of vertical velocities. Overall results show an abrupt change of population associated with a fine-scale structure appearance in relation with a storm event.In addition, in order to study the physical part of the biological carbon pump, we experienced the release, following, pumping and detection by cytometry of a sample of biodegradable micro-particles that mimic the phytoplankton, and established a proof-of-concept for this method. Finally, we studied the MVP (Moving Vessel Profiler) instruments behaviour and reduced significantly a rotative effect.We will describe the instrumental and analysis methodology deployed during FUMSECK in the study area of the Ligurian Sea, including the Northern Current, and present the results on the fine-scale dynamics and their impact on biology.
Published: 2021

17. ICES. 2021. Working Group on North Atlantic Salmon ( WGNAS)

Author: April, Julien, Bardarson, Hlynur, Ahlbeck-Bergendahl, Ida, Bolstad, Geir H., Breau, Cindy, Buoro, Mathieu, Camara, Karin, Chaput, Gerald, Cooper, Anne, Dauphin, Guillaume, Ensing, Dennis, Erkinaro, Jaakko, Fiske, Peder, Freese, Marko, Gillson, Jonathan, Gregory, Stephen, Hanson, Nora, Jepsen, Niels, Kelly, Nicholas, Kenyon, Wendy, Maxwell, Hugo, Meerburg, David, Millane, Michael, Nygaard, Rasmus, Ounsley, James, Patin, Rémi, Prusov, Sergey, Raab, Dustin, Rivot, Etienne, Robertson, Martha, Sheehan, Timothy, Tallman, Ross, Walker, Alan, Wennevik, Vidar, Ministere des Forets, de la Faune et des Parcs du Quebec, Quebec, QC, Canada, Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Ecologie Comportementale et Biologie des Populations de Poissons (ECOBIOP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), pôle OFB-INRAE- Agrocampus Ouest-UPPA pour la gestion des migrateurs amphihalins dans leur environnement, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), LANUV NRW KIRCHHUNDEM ALBAUM DEU, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Partenaires INRAE, Agri Food & Biosciences Institute - AFBI, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Thünen Institute, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Lowestoft] (CEFAS), Salmon and Trout Research Centre, Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust, The Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust, Marine Scotland, DTU Aqua, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization, Marine Institute [Ireland], Atlantic Salmon Federation, Inland Fisheries Ireland, Greenland Institute for Natural Resources (GINR), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), and University of Bergen (UiB)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

18. Evaluating the congruence between DNA ‐based and morphological taxonomic approaches in water and sediment trap samples: Analyses of a 36‐month time series from a temperate monomictic lake

Author: Isabelle Domaizon, Daniel T. Selbie, David A. Walsh, Katherine Griffiths, Alyssa Bourgeois, Irene Gregory-Eaves, Joanna Gauthier, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie et en environnement aquatique - GRIL (Montréal, Canada), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Concordia University [Montreal], Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 0303 health sciences, Series (stratigraphy), fungi, Sediment trap (geology), 15. Life on land, Aquatic Science, Biology, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Temperate climate, Congruence (manifolds), 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience; Paleolimnological studies are central for identifying long-term changes, yet many studies rely on bioindicators that deposit detectable subfossils in sediments, such as diatoms and cladocerans. Emerging DNA-based approaches are expanding the taxonomic diversity that can be investigated. However, as sedimentary DNA-based approaches are expanding rapidly, calibration work is required to determine the advantages and limitations of these techniques. In this study, we assessed the congruence between morphological and DNA-based approaches applied to sediment trap samples for diatoms and crustaceans using both intracellular and extracellular DNA. We also evaluated which taxa are deposited in sediment traps from the water column to identify potential paleolimnological bioindicators of environmental variations. Based on 18S rRNA gene amplicons, we developed and analyzed a micro-eukaryotic, monthly time series that spanned 3 years and was comprised of paired water column and sediment trap samples from Cultus Lake, British Columbia, Canada. Comparisons of assemblages derived from our genetic and morphological analyses using RV coefficients revealed significant correlations for diatoms, but weaker correlations for crustaceans. Intracellular DNA reads correlated more strongly with diatom morphology, while extracellular DNA reads correlated more strongly with crustacean morphology. Additional analyses of amplicon sequence variants shared between water and sediment trap samples revealed a wide diversity of taxa to study in paleolimnology, including Ciliophora, Dinoflagellata, Chytridiomycota, Chrysophyceae, and Cryptophyceae. Partial RDAs identified significant environmental predictors of these shared assemblages. Overall, our study demonstrates the effectiveness of DNA-based approaches to track community dynamics from sediment samples, an essential step for successful paleolimnological studies.
Published: 2021

19. Systematic Conservation Planning at an Ocean Basin Scale: Identifying a Viable Network of Deep-Sea Protected Areas in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean

Author: Combes, M., Vaz, Sandrine, Grehan, A. (Anthony), Morato, T. (Telmo), Arnaud-Haond, S. (Sophie), Domínguez-Carrió, C. (Carlos), Fox, A. (Alan), González-Irusta, J.M. (José Manuel), Johnson, D., Callery, Oisín, Davies, A., Fauconnet, L. (Laurence), Kenchington, E. (Ellen), Orejas, C. (Covadonga), Roberts, J.M. (John Murray), Taranto, G.H. (Gerald H.), Menot, L., MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Instituto do Mar - Universidade dos Açores (IMAR-UAc), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Málaga., University of Edinburgh, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: fish, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, nekton, rockall trough, submarine canyons, larval dispersal, spatial prioritization, vulnerable marine ecosystems, connectivity, fisheries, climate-change, high seas, biodiversity conservation, Medio Marino, marine spatial planning, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, living resources, management, open ocean, marine protected areas
Abstract: Designing conservation networks requires a well-structured framework for achieving essential objectives such as connectivity, replication or viability, and for considering local management and socioeconomic stakes. Although systematic conservation planning (SCP) approaches are increasingly used to inform such networks, their application remains challenging in large and poorly researched areas. This is especially the case in the deep sea, where SCP has rarely been applied, although growing awareness of the vulnerability of deep-sea ecosystems urges the implementation of conservation measures from local to international levels. This study aims to structure and evaluate a framework for SCP applicable to the deep sea, focusing on the identification of conservation priority networks for vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs), such as cold-water coral reefs, sponge grounds, or hydrothermal vents, and for key demersal fish species. Based on multi-objective prioritization, different conservation scenarios were investigated, allowing the impact of key elements such as connectivity and conservation cost to be evaluated. Our results show that continental margin slopes, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and deeper areas of large and productive shelves housing fishing grounds appeared as crucial zones for preserving the deep-sea biodiversity of the North Atlantic, and within the limitations imposed by the data available, of the Mediterranean. Using biologically-informed connectivity led to a more continuous and denser conservation network, without increasing the network size. Even when minimizing the overlap with socioeconomic activities, the inclusion of exploited areas was necessary to fulfil conservation objectives. Such areas included continental shelf fishing grounds for demersal fish species, and areas covered by deep-sea mining exploration contracts for hydrothermal vent communities. Covering 17% of the study area and protecting 55% of each feature on average, the identified priority network held a high conservation potential. However, these areas still suffer from poor protection, with 30% of them benefiting from some form of recognition and 11% only from protection against trawling. Integrating them into current marine spatial planning (MSP) discussions could foster the implementation of a basin-scale conservation network for the deep sea. Overall, this work established a framework for developing large-scale systematic planning, useful for managing Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ)., A Trans-AtLantic Assessment and deep-water ecosystem-based Spatial management plan for Europe, ATLAS, SI
Published: 2021

20. New records of California serogroup viruses in Aedes mosquitoes and first detection in simulioidae flies from Northern Canada and Alaska

Author: Heather Fenton, Emily J. Jenkins, Carol-Anne Villeneuve, Nicolas Lecomte, Cristina M. Hansen, Isabelle Dusfour, Antonia Dibernardo, Ellen Avard, Patrick A. Leighton, Lisa L. Loseto, L. R. Lindsay, Kayla J. Buhler, Géraldine-G. Gouin, Mahmood Iranpour, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Université de Moncton, Département de Santé Globale - Department Global Health, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Public Health Agency of Canada, Société Makivik - Makivik Corporation [Kuujjuaq, Canada], Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine [Basseterre, Canada], University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), This study was carried out through the Canadian Arctic One Health Network (CAOHN), with funding from ArcticNet (Networks of Centres of Excellence of Canada), Polar Knowledge Canada (POLAR) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)., and Institut Pasteur [Paris]
Subjects: Range (biology), 030231 tropical medicine, Zoology, California serogroup viruses, Mosquitoes, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Arctic, 030304 developmental biology, Aedes, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, biology, Animal health, fungi, Biting insects, Febrile illness, SUPERFAMILY, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, 13. Climate action, Vector-borne, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Key (lock), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Bay
Abstract: International audience; An expected consequence of climate warming is an expansion of the geographical distribution of biting insects and associated arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). Emerging and re-emerging arboviruses that can affect human and animal health are likely to pose significant consequences for Northern communities where access to health resources is limited. In the North American Arctic, little is known about arboviruses. Thus, in 2019, we sampled biting insects in Nunavik, Northern Québec (Kuujjuaq), Nunavut (Igloolik, Karrak Lake and Cambridge Bay), Northwest Territories (Igloolik and Yellowknife) and Alaska (Fairbanks). The main objective was to detect the presence of California serogroup (CSG) viruses– a widespread group of arboviruses across North America and that are known to cause a wide range of symptoms, ranging from mild febrile illness to fatal encephalitis. Biting insects were captured twice daily for a 7-day period in mid-summer, using a standardised protocol consisting of 100 figure-eight movements of a sweep net. Captured specimens were separated by genus (mosquitoes) or by superfamily (other insects) and then grouped into pools of 75 by geographical locations. In total, 5079 Aedes mosquitoes and 1014 Simulioidae flies were caught. We report the detection of CSG viruses RNA in mosquitoes captured in Nunavut (Karrak Lake) and Nunavik (Kuujjuaq). We also report, for the first time in North America, the presence of CSG viruses RNA in Simulioidae flies. These results highlight the use of biting insects for tracking any future emergence of arboviruses in the North, thereby providing key information for public health in Northern communities.
Published: 2021

21. Workshop for Salmon Life Cycle Modelling

Author: Rivot, Etienne, Chaput, Gérald, Ensing, Dennis, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), pôle OFB-INRAE- Agrocampus Ouest-UPPA pour la gestion des migrateurs amphihalins dans leur environnement, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Agri Food & Biosciences Institute - AFBI, and ICES
Subjects: 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: A workshop of jurisdictional experts and modellers working on Atlantic salmon in the North Atlantic was held to develop competencies in using a newly developed Life Cycle Model (LCM) and to formalize the workflow of the new modelling framework for assessing and providing fisheries catch advice for Atlantic salmon stocks in the North Atlantic. The workshop evaluated the LCM which incorporates all Atlantic salmon stocks at the North Atlantic scale in a single model, reviewed comparisons of current ICES pre-fishery abundance (PFA) models and the LCM approach, and discussed the data inputs and process for running the LCM. The LCMframework is embedded within a suite of R programs and a shiny web application, which are available online, that simplify and strengthen the robustness of the stock assessment workflow from the input data to the production of catch advice. Timelines for providing data from juris-dictions for input to the LCM were discussed and it was indicated that data from jurisdictions are generally not ready until March of the assessment year, which underscores the need to have automated processes for the ICES PFA model and the new LCM processes. The decision was made at the workshop to provide the required assessment and provision of catch advice in March 2021 based on the previous PFA models used by ICES. The LCM would be run in parallel and the results of the PFA model and LCM outputs compared. A follow-up workshop is proposed for late 2021/early 2022 to prepare the elements of LCM and PFA model descriptions, data inputs, and workflow processes in preparation for a proposed ICES Benchmark process in 2022.
Published: 2021

22. Combining remote sensing and in situ observations to study the physical-biological coupling at fine scale: recent Mediterranean campaigns and outlook

Author: Stéphanie Barrillon, Francesco d'Ovidio, Franck Dumas, Pierre Marrec, Jean-Luc Fuda, Gérald Grégori, Pierre Garreau, Francois Carlotti, Léo Berline, Marc Tedetti, Roxane Tzortzis, Nagib Bhairy, Melilotus Thyssen, Anne Petrenko, Frédéric Cyr, Louise Rousselet, Ananda Pascual, Andrea Doglioli, Lloyd Izard, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine (SHOM), Ministère de la Défense, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Graduate School of Oceanography [Narragansett], University of Rhode Island (URI), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre (NWAFC), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), EGU, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Biogeochemical cycle, Ecology (disciplines), Sampling (statistics), Mediterranean sea, Eddy, 13. Climate action, Phytoplankton, Environmental science, Marine ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Scale (map), Remote sensing
Abstract: on line; International audience; The oceanic fine scales are highly energetic features (eddies, fronts, meanders, filaments) with relatively short lifetimes (days/weeks to months). Due to their associated strong gradients in physical and biogeochemical properties, they crucially affect ocean physics and ecology with potential impacts at the climate scale. The temporal scale associated with these horizontal and vertical fine scales is the same as many important ecological processes including phytoplankton growth and competition. This temporal resonance is one of the reasons behind the fine-scale variability appearing in the marine ecosystems structure and related domains, including biogeochemical cycles, trophic food-webs The oceanic fine scales are highly energetic features (eddies, fronts, meanders, filaments) with relatively short lifetimes (days/weeks to months). Due to their associated strong gradients in physical and biogeochemical properties, they crucially affect ocean physics and ecology with potential impacts at the climate scale. The temporal scale associated with these horizontal and vertical fine scales is the same as many important ecological processes including phytoplankton growth and competition. This temporal resonance is one of the reasons behind the fine-scale variability appearing in the marine ecosystems structure and related domains, including biogeochemical cycles, trophic food-webs up to resources and biodiversity.Over the past few decades, great progresses have been made in characterizing fine scales through modeling. Remote sensing is also improving rapidly in terms of resolution, with landmark missions like SWOT expected to be operational very soon (2022). However, in situ sampling remains challenging due to the difficulties of mapping a large domain covering the length of a filament or the diameter of an eddy (~100km) at high spatio-temporal frequency (~km and ~daily).Here we present some sampling strategies we are developing for addressing this issue by combining remote sensing and in situ multi-platform high-resolution sampling of physical, biogeochemical and biological variables. In a series of campaigns in the Mediterranean Sea (OSCAHR 2015, PROTEVSMED-SWOT 2018, FUMSECK 2019), satellite-based adaptive and Lagrangian strategies proved to be successful to target and follow fine scale structures in situ. When paired with in situ biological measurements, like automated cytometry, these strategies highlight the important role of the fine scales in structuring the phytoplankton community by acting as fluid dynamical barriers and biodiversity hot-spots.To extend these observations to other regions, we support an international coordinated experimental effort of the fine scale community at several sites all around the world to fully exploit the great opportunities offered by the launch of the satellite SWOT.
Published: 2020

23. Species richness in North Atlantic fish: Process concealed by pattern

Author: Jón Sólmundsson, Didier Gascuel, Jónas P. Jonasson, Luis Gil de Sola, Jakov Dulčić, Jákup Reinert, Melita Peharda, Jan G. Hiddink, Heino O. Fock, Henrik Gislason, Mark R. Payne, Sanja Matić-Skoko, Lilja Stefansdottir, Nedo Vrgoč, F. Velasco, Corina Chaves, Cristina Silva, Remment ter Hofstede, Igor Isajlović, Andrey V. Dolgov, Hicham Masski, Gudrun Marteinsdottir, Maria de Fátima Borges, Anders Nielsen, Jeremy S. Collie, Teresa Bottari, Ole A Jørgensen, Kristján Kristinsson, Daniel E. Duplisea, Brian R. MacKenzie, DTU Aqua, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Graduate School of Oceanography [Narragansett], University of Rhode Island (URI), Instituto Português de Investigação do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), RUSSIAN FEDERAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF FISHERIES AND OCEANOGRAPHY MOSCOW RUS, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries, Maurice-Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Thünen-Institute of Sea Fisheries, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO). Centro Costero de Málaga, Muelle Pesquero s/n. 29.640 Fuengirola (Málaga), Spain, School of Ocean Sciences [Menai Bridge], Bangor University, MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH INSTITUTE REYKJAVIK ISL, Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, INRH, Faroe Marine Research Institute, INSTITUTO ESPANOL DE OCEANOGRAFIA SANTANDER ESP, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, abundance, biodiversity, density, marine fish, species size, temperature, Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Abundance (ecology), SDG 14 - Life Below Water, 14. Life underwater, Pesquerías, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Global and Planetary Change, Extinction, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Generalized additive model, [SDV.SA.STP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of fishery, Environmental science, Species richness, Neutral theory of molecular evolution, Global biodiversity
Abstract: Aim: Previous analyses of marine fish species richness based on presence-absence data have shown changes with latitude and average species size, but little is known about the underlying processes. To elucidate these processes we use metabolic, neutral and descriptive statistical models to analyse how richness responds to maximum species length, fish abundance, temperature, primary production, depth, latitude and longitude, while accounting for differences in species catchability, sampling effort and mesh size. Data: Results from 53,382 bottom trawl hauls representing 50 fish assemblages. Location: The northern Atlantic from Nova Scotia to Guinea. Time period: 1977–2013. Methods: A descriptive generalized additive model was used to identify functional relationships between species richness and potential drivers, after which nonlinear estimation techniques were used to parameterize: (a) a ‘best’ fitting model of species richness built on the functional relationships, (b) an environmental model based on latitude, longitude and depth, and mechanistic models based on (c) metabolic and (d) neutral theory. Results: In the ‘best’ model the number of species observed is a lognormal function of maximum species length. It increases significantly with temperature, primary production, sampling effort, and abundance, and declines with depth and, for small species, with the mesh size in the trawl. The ‘best’ model explains close to 90% of the deviance and the neutral, metabolic and environmental models 89%. In all four models, maximum species length and either temperature or latitude account for more than half of the deviance explained. Main conclusions: The two mechanistic models explain the patterns in demersal fish species richness in the northern Atlantic almost equally well. A better understanding of the underlying drivers is likely to require development of dynamic mechanistic models of richness and size evolution, fit not only to extant distributions, but also to historical environmental conditions and to past speciation and extinction rates, Sí
Published: 2020

24. Effect of thermal and nutritional conditions on fatty acid metabolism and oxidative stress response in juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Author: Lauriane Madec, José-Luis Zambonino-Infante, Céline Audet, David Mazurais, Loïck Ducros, Denis Chabot, Clémence Gourtay, Guy Claireaux, Christine Huelvan, Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, enzyme-activities, panorama, Aquatic Science, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, lipid-peroxidation, cytochrome-c-oxidase, temperature adaptation, antioxidant defenses, medicine, 14. Life underwater, Food science, Sea bass, UBO, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, dietary fish-oil, chemistry.chemical_classification, Ecology, Fatty acid metabolism, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, Fatty acid, Lipid metabolism, Malondialdehyde, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, growth-performance, marine fish, climate-change, Dicentrarchus, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), oxygen-consumption, sense organs, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ifremer, Oxidative stress, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract: WOS:000569774900004; Coastal nursery areas are subjected to a wide range of natural and anthropogenic stressors, including global warming, which indirectly influence trophic food webs. A global rarefaction of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in trophic networks is in progress. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a reduction in the dietary availability of n-3 PUFA on some molecular and biochemical parameters related to lipid metabolism and oxidative stress response in juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) raised at two temperatures (15 degrees C and 20 degrees C). Fish were fed for five months with a reference diet (RD; 1.65% n-3 PUFA on a dry matter basis, DM), used as a proxy of trophic networks where n-3 PUFA is plentiful, and a lower n-3 PUFA diet (LD; 0.73% n-3 PUFA DM), designed to mimic a decrease in n-3 PUFA resulting from global changes (the n-3 PUFA levels tested remained above the nutritional minimum required for this species). Results showed that diet did not affect the hepatic expression of some mRNA coding for transcriptional factors involved in regulating the metabolic pathways related to fatty acid bioconversion. Although our molecular analysis was limited to transcript expression, these data suggest the presence of a threshold in the nutritional supply of PUFA above which the activation of these molecular pathways does not occur. However, the expression for most of the transcripts tested was up-regulated at 20 degrees C. Despite the high peroxidation index in fish fed RD, very few modifications of the oxidative stress response were associated with diet. At 20 degrees C, an increase of the enzymatic antioxidant response was observed, but there was no correlation with the peroxidation index or malondialdehyde products.
Published: 2020

25. Influence of Water Masses on the Biodiversity and Biogeography of Deep-Sea Benthic Ecosystems in the North Atlantic

Author: José L. Rueda, Steve W. Ross, Covadonga Orejas, Marina Carreiro-Silva, Clare Johnson, Telmo Morato, Patricia Puerta, José Manuel González-Irusta, Chih-Lin Wei, Georgios Kazanidis, Lea-Anne Henry, Javier Urra, Sophie Arnaud-Haond, Ellen Kenchington, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Málaga., Instituto do Mar - Universidade dos Açores (IMAR-UAc), University of Edinburgh, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre [Portugal] (MARE), Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida (ISPA), University of North Carolina [Wilmington] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida = University Institute of Psychological, Social and Life Sciences (ISPA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Marine conservation, lcsh:QH1-199.5, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Medio Marino y Protección Ambiental, porcupine seabight, climate-change impacts, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biodiversity, Climate change, Ocean Engineering, ocean acidification, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Aquatic Science, coral lophelia-pertusa, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, ne atlantic, Marine ecosystem, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, antarctic intermediate water, lcsh:Science, biogeography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, biodiversity, Global and Planetary Change, deep-sea, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, North Atlantic, Ocean acidification, 15. Life on land, meridional overturning circulation, food-supply mechanisms, vulnerable marine ecosystems, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, rockall trough margin, global habitat suitability, lcsh:Q, water masses, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Circulation patterns in the North Atlantic Ocean have changed and re-organized multiple times over millions of years, influencing the biodiversity, distribution, and connectivity patterns of deep-sea species and ecosystems. In this study, we review the effects of the water mass properties (temperature, salinity, food supply, carbonate chemistry, and oxygen) on deep-sea benthic megafauna (from species to community level) and discussed in future scenarios of climate change. We focus on the key oceanic controls on deep-sea megafauna biodiversity and biogeography patterns. We place particular attention on cold-water corals and sponges, as these are ecosystem-engineering organisms that constitute vulnerable marine ecosystems (VME) with high associated biodiversity. Besides documenting the current state of the knowledge on this topic, a future scenario for water mass properties in the deep North Atlantic basin was predicted. The pace and severity of climate change in the deep-sea will vary across regions. However, predicted water mass properties showed that all regions in the North Atlantic will be exposed to multiple stressors by 2100, experiencing at least one critical change in water temperature (+2 ◦C), organic carbon fluxes (reduced up to 50%), ocean acidification (pH reduced up to 0.3), aragonite saturation horizon (shoaling above 1000 m) and/or reduction in dissolved oxygen (>5%). The northernmost regions of the North Atlantic will suffer the greatest impacts. Warmer and more acidic oceans will drastically reduce the suitable habitat for ecosystem-engineers, with severe consequences such as declines in population densities, even compromising their long-term survival, loss of biodiversity and reduced biogeographic distribution that might compromise connectivity at large scales. These effects can be aggravated by reductions in carbon fluxes, particularly in areas where food availability is already limited. Declines in benthic biomass and biodiversity will diminish ecosystem services such as habitat provision, nutrient cycling, etc. This study shows that the deep-sea VME affected by contemporary anthropogenic impacts and with the ongoing climate change impacts are unlikely to withstand additional pressures from more intrusive human activities. This study serves also as a warning to protect these ecosystems through regulations and by tempering the ongoing socio-political drivers for increasing exploitation of marine resources., Sí
Published: 2020

26. Synergies in Operational Oceanography: The Intrinsic Need for Sustained Ocean Observations

Author: Davidson, Fraser, Alvera-Azcarate, Aida, Barth, Alexander, Brassington, Gary, Chassignet, Eric, Clementi, Emanuela, De Mey-Frémaux, Pierre, Divakaran, Prasanth, Harris, Christopher, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hogan, Patrick, Hole, Lars, Holt, Jason, Liu, Guimei, Lu, Youyu, Lorente, Pablo, Maksymczuk, Jan, Martin, Matthew, Mehra, Avichal, Melsom, Arne, Mo, Huier, Moore, Andrew, Oddo, Paolo, Pascual, Ananda, Pequignet, Anne-Christine, Kourafalou, Villy, Ryan, Andrew, Siddorn, John, Smith, Gregory, Spindler, Deanna, Spindler, Todd, Stanev, Emil, Staneva, Joanna, Storto, Andrea, Tanajura, Clemente, Vinayachandran, P., Wan, Liying, Wang, Hui, Zhang, Yu, Zhu, Xueming, Zu, Ziqing, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Université de Liège, Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies (COAPS), Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Oceanography and Marine Meteorology, Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Organismo P\'{u}blico Puertos del Estado (PdE), Computer Laboratory [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (CSIC-UIB) (IMEDEA), Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux (CEMEF), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Chemistry Department, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, and Northwest University (Xi'an)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, observations, model intercomparisons, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, model skill assessment, verification, ocean prediction, data assimilation, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, dissemination
Abstract: International audience; Operational oceanography can be described as the provision of routine oceanographic information needed for decision-making purposes. It is dependent upon sustained research and development through the end-to-end framework of an operational service, from observation collection to delivery mechanisms. The core components of operational oceanographic systems are a multi-platform observation network, a data management system, a data assimilative prediction system, and a dissemination/accessibility system. These are interdependent, necessitating communication and exchange between them, and together provide the mechanism through which a clear picture of ocean conditions, in the past, present, and future, can be seen. Ocean observations play a critical role in all aspects of operational oceanography, not only for assimilation but as part of the research cycle, and
Published: 2019

27. Foraging energetics and prey density requirements of western North Atlantic blue whales in the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada

Author: Ian H. McQuinn, Thomas Doniol-Valcroze, Robert Michaud, Michel Moisan, Gesche Winkler, Marie Guilpin, Jean Potvin, Jeremy A. Goldbogen, Tiphaine Jeanniard-du-Dot, Véronique Lesage, Maurice-Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Marine Science Institute Quebec-Ocean [Canada], University of Quebec in Rimouski [Canada], Pacific Biological Station (PBS), Department of Biology [Pacific Grove, CA, USA] (Hopkins Marine Station), Stanford University, Department of Physics, Saint Louis University [USA], Saint Louis University [USA], Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Group of Research and Education on Marine Mammals [Canada], Stanford University [Stanford], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Prey requirements, Foraging efficiency, Foraging, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Energetics, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Balaenoptera musculus, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Estuary, biology.organism_classification, Blue whale, Blue Whales, Fishery, Krill density, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract: International audience; Foraging efficiency (FE) is determined by the ratio of energy intake to energy expenditure and represents a metric for estimating the capacity to store energy. Blue whales Balaenoptera musculus rely mostly on stored energy reserves for reproduction. They feed almost exclusively on krill, which vary in density and abundance both spatially and temporally. We used 10 depth-velocity archival tags deployed on blue whales foraging in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada, to identify feeding events. We modeled krill densities required to equal or exceed energy expenditures and allow energy storage. During the daytime, blue whales generally dove deeper and performed fewer but longer feeding dives than at other times of the diel cycle (10 vs. 28 feeding dives h-1); however, they performed more lunges per dive during daytime (3 vs. 1 lunge dive-1), which resulted in a stable feeding rate around the clock. Only 11.7 and 5.5% of the Arctic and northern krill patches measured in situ contained densities allowing blue whales to achieve neutral energetic balance (FE = 1); less than 1.5% of patches allowed FE of ≥3. While FE leading to successful reproduction and adequate fitness is unknown, these results underscore the necessity for blue whales to seek the highest densities within patches to reach neutral balance or allow energy storage. These findings further our understanding of blue whale foraging ecology and habitat suitability, and may help predict the effects of climate and natural variability or of potential fisheries on krill densities and blue whale condition.
Published: 2019

28. Animal-Borne Telemetry: An Integral Component of the Ocean Observing Toolkit

Author: Rob Harcourt, Ana M. M. Sequeira, Xuelei Zhang, Fabien Roquet, Kosei Komatsu, Michelle Heupel, Clive McMahon, Fred Whoriskey, Mark Meekan, Gemma Carroll, Stephanie Brodie, Colin Simpfendorfer, Mark Hindell, Ian Jonsen, Daniel P. Costa, Barbara Block, Mônica Muelbert, Bill Woodward, Mike Weise, Kim Aarestrup, Martin Biuw, Lars Boehme, Steven J. Bograd, Dorian Cazau, Jean-Benoit Charrassin, Steven J. Cooke, Paul Cowley, P. J. Nico de Bruyn, Tiphaine Jeanniard du Dot, Carlos Duarte, Víctor M. Eguíluz, Luciana C. Ferreira, Juan Fernández-Gracia, Kimberly Goetz, Yusuke Goto, Christophe Guinet, Mike Hammill, Graeme C. Hays, Elliott L. Hazen, Luis A. Hückstädt, Charlie Huveneers, Sara Iverson, Saifullah Arifin Jaaman, Kongkiat Kittiwattanawong, Kit M. Kovacs, Christian Lydersen, Tim Moltmann, Masaru Naruoka, Lachlan Phillips, Baptiste Picard, Nuno Queiroz, Gilles Reverdin, Katsufumi Sato, David W. Sims, Eva B. Thorstad, Michele Thums, Anne M. Treasure, Andrew W. Trites, Guy D. Williams, Yoshinari Yonehara, Mike A. Fedak, Department of Biological Sciences [North Ryde], Macquarie University, The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences [Australia], The University of Western Australia (UWA), First Institute of Oceanography [China], Equipe Physique de l'Ocean Austral (DMPA), Graduate School of Frontier Sciences [Kashiwa], The University of Tokyo, Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), University of Sydney Institute of Marine Science (USIMS), The University of Sydney, Ocean Tracking network, Dalhousie University, Australian Institute of Marine Science [Perth] (AIMS Perth), Environmental Research Division [USA], NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center [USA], James Cook University (JCU), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania (UTAS), LaSIGE [Lisboa], Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA)-Faculdade de Ciências, Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment [USA], Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, NOAA Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Naval Research [USA], National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), NERC Sea Mammal Research Unit (NERC Sea Mammal Research Unit), NERC, Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU), University of Saint Andrews, Lab-STICC_ENSTAB_CID_TOMS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Carleton University, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Department of Global Change Research, Institut Mediterrani d´Estudis Avançats (IMEDEA), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), CSIC-UIB, IFISC, CSIRO Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre [Australia], Instituto de Fısica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences [Australia], School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (University of California Santa Cruz), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Malaysia Institute of Oceanography, University of Malaysia, Phuket Marine Biological Center (PMBC), FRAM Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Integrated Marine Observing System, Aeronautical Technology Directorate [Japan], Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos/Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology [Portugal], Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Insitute of Polar Research, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Department of Oceanography and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Fisheries Centre (Marine Mammal Research Unit), University of British Columbia (UBC), Department of Marine Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Santa Cruz], Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews [Scotland], École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne), Sorbonne Université (SU), Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria, Red Sea Research Centre (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd [New Zealand], Marine Biological Association of the UK, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Universidade do Porto, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), National Research Foundation [South Africa] (NRF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidade do Porto = University of Porto
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:QH1-199.5, Home range, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Big data, Ocean Engineering, Aquatic Science, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, movement analysis, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Telemetry, Ecosystem, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, 14. Life underwater, Animal telemetry, lcsh:Science, Animal movement, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Remote sensing, Abiotic component, Global and Planetary Change, geography, ocean observing, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, Continental shelf, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, EOV, Sampling (statistics), animal movement, Habitat, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, business, animal telemetry
Abstract: International audience; Animal telemetry is a powerful tool for observing marine animals and the physical environments that they inhabit, from coastal and continental shelf ecosystems to polar seas and open oceans. Satellite-linked biologgers and networks of acoustic receivers allow animals to be reliably monitored over scales of tens of meters to thousands of kilometers, giving insight into their habitat use, home range size, the phenology of migratory patterns and the biotic and abiotic factors that drive their distributions. Furthermore, physical environmental variables can be collected using animals as autonomous sampling platforms, increasing spatial and temporal coverage of global oceanographic observation systems. The use of animal telemetry, therefore, has the capacity to provide measures from a suite of essential ocean variables (EOVs) for improved monitoring of Earth's oceans. Here we outline the design features of animal telemetry systems, describe current applications and their benefits and challenges, and discuss future directions. We describe new analytical techniques that improve our ability to not only quantify animal movements but to also provide a powerful framework for comparative studies across taxa. We discuss the application of animal telemetry and its capacity to collect biotic and abiotic data, how the data collected can be incorporated into ocean observing systems, and the role these data can play in improved ocean management.
Published: 2019

29. Spatial synchrony in the response of a long distant migratory specie (Salmo salar) to climate change in the North Atlantic ocean

Author: Olmos, Maxime, Payne, Mark, Nevoux, Marie, Prévost, Etienne, Chaput, Gérald, DU PONTAVICE, Hubert, Guitton, Jérôme, Rivot, Etienne, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Ecologie Comportementale et Biologie des Populations de Poissons (ECOBIOP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: changement climatique, Biodiversité et Ecologie, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, hierarchical bayesian model, salmon, spatial covariation, climate change, stage-based life cycle model, marine survival, atlantic salmon, environmentally driven change, bottom-up, migration, survival, modèle bayésien, Biodiversity and Ecology, salmo salar, survie, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Milieux et Changements globaux, atlantic, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, global change
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

30. Investigating the drivers of Atlantic salmon populations decline at the North Atlantic basin scale through a Bayesian life cycle modelling approach

Author: Olmos, Maxime, Payne, Mark, Chaput, Gerald, Nevoux, Marie, Prévost, Etienne, Rivot, Etienne, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, DTU Aqua, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Ecologie Comportementale et Biologie des Populations de Poissons (ECOBIOP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and NASCO.
Subjects: Biodiversité et Ecologie, north atlantic, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, salmon, conservation de la population, modèle bayésien, Biodiversity and Ecology, atlantique nord, salmo salar, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Milieux et Changements globaux, atlantic, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, gestion des populations
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

31. Frontiers in Fine-Scale in situ Studies: Opportunities During the SWOT Fast Sampling Phase

Author: Francesco d’Ovidio, Ananda Pascual, Jinbo Wang, Andrea M. Doglioli, Zhao Jing, Sebastien Moreau, Gérald Grégori, Sebastiaan Swart, Sabrina Speich, Frédéric Cyr, Benoit Legresy, Yi Chao, Lee Fu, Rosemary Anne Morrow, Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (CSIC-UIB) (IMEDEA), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Norwegian Polar Institute, Department of Oceanography [Cape Town], University of Cape Town, Department of Marine Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), CSIRO Marine and Atmosphere Research [Hobart], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Remote Sensing Solutions, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Spanish Research Agency and the European Regional Development Fund (Award no. CTM2016-78607-P/PRE-SWOT), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Research Council, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), and Direction Générale de l'Armement (France)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, lcsh:QH1-199.5, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ocean Engineering, submesoscale, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, energy cascade, 01 natural sciences, remote sensing, Marine energy, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, SWOT analysis, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Remote sensing, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sampling (statistics), Biogeochemial processes, mesoscale, Earth system science, Ocean dynamics, Ocean surface topography, Temporal resolution, ocean dynamics, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Satellite
Abstract: Conceived as a major new tool for climate studies, the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission will launch in late 2021 and will retrieve the dynamics of the oceans upper layer at an unprecedented resolution of a few kilometers. During the calibration and validation (CalVal) phase in 2022, the satellite will be in a 1- day-repeat fast sampling orbit with enhanced temporal resolution, sacrificing the spatial coverage. This is an ideal opportunity - unique for many years to come - to coordinate in situ experiments during the same period for a focused study of fine scale dynamics and their broader roles in the Earth system. Key questions to be addressed include the role of fine scales on the ocean energy budget, the connection between their surface and internal dynamics, their impact on plankton diversity, and their biophysical dynamics at the ice margin., AP acknowledges support from the Spanish Research Agency and the European Regional Development Fund (Award no. CTM2016-78607-P/PRE-SWOT). Part of the research for this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. JW and L. L. Fu acknowledge the support from SWOT mission. We thank the “Délégation Générale de l’Armement” which funded through the “Programme d’Etudes Amont Protevs II” the 2018 PROTEVSBIOSWOT campaign (PI Franck Dumas from the Service hydrographique et océanographique de la Marine) and makes a fruitful collaboration with the SWOT Science Team possible.
Published: 2019

32. A hierarchical life cycle model for Atlantic salmon stock assessment at the North Atlantic basin scale

Author: Etienne Rivot, Maxime Olmos, Gerald Chaput, Etienne Prévost, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Ecologie Comportementale et Biologie des Populations de Poissons (ECOBIOP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Agence Française pour la Biodiversité, Agrocampus Ouest, Interreg France (Manche) Angleterre, Salmonid Management Round the Channel, ECOKNOWS, European Project: 244706,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2009-3,ECOKNOWS(2010), European Project: SAMARCH, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: life cycle model, stock assesment, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Atlantic salmon, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.SA.STP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of fishery, Environmental factors, Biological factors, integrated hierarchical Bayesian life cycle model, North Atlantic basin scale
Abstract: This working paper is derived from:Olmos, M. 2019. Investigating the drivers of Atlantic salmon populations decline in the North Atlantic basin. Thèse de doctorant d’Agrocampus Ouest, COMUE Université Bretagne Loire. Soutenue le 22 Mars 2019.Olmos, M., Massiot-Granier, F., Prévost, E., Chaput, G., Bradbury, I. R., Nevoux, M., & Rivot, E. (2019). Evidence for spatial coherence in time trends of marine life history traits of Atlantic salmon in the North Atlantic. Fish and Fisheries, 20(2), 322-342. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12345
Published: 2019

33. Effects of hypoxia on metabolic functions in marine organisms: Observed patterns and modelling assumptions within the context of Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory

Author: Jonathan Flye-Sainte-Marie, Yoann Thomas, Gonçalo M. Marques, Denis Chabot, Arturo Aguirre-Velarde, Laure Pecquerie, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Instituto del Mar del Peru (IMARPE), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, DECLINING OXYGEN, Population level, Dynamic energy budget, Aquatic Science, Biology, Oceanography, OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Marine species, LONG-TERM HYPOXIA, ATLANTIC COD, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Stylized fact, MYTILUS-EDULIS L, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, Hypoxia (environmental), Reduced mobility, PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES, OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION, Long term hypoxia, ENVIRONMENTAL HYPOXIA, 13. Climate action, DISSOLVED-OXYGEN, GROWTH, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Hypoxia is a decrease in dissolved oxygen that causes physiological disturbances in marine fishes and invertebrates, including reduced mobility, growth rate and reproductive success, altered phenology and increased vulnerability to diseases. Under pressure from global changes such as warming or eutrophication, ocean and coastal ecosystems worldwide are becoming less oxygenated. In order to better understand the consequences of hypoxia on marine systems, there is a need for predicting hypoxia-induced changes from individual organisms to populations. By combining the effect of several stressors on species metabolic performances and life-history traits across their full life-cycle, the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory offers a suitable framework for studying the consequences of hypoxia on marine organisms and to envision an upscaling of these effects at population level through individual-based modelling approaches. Here, we propose a set of stylized biological facts which give a broad generalization of the effects of hypoxia on metabolic functions based on empirical findings. We used these stylized facts to derive assumptions on how to incorporate the effects of hypoxia on marine organisms in the framework of the DEB theory. We then validate some of these assumptions on marine species for which experimental datasets under hypoxic conditions and DEB parameters were available. We discuss the main issues that need to be dealt with, such as the various time-scales, ontogenic responses and multi-stressor effects which appear now as important targets of investigation for studying the effect of hypoxia on marine organisms.
Published: 2019

34. Evidence for spatial coherence in time trends of marine life history traits of Atlantic salmon in the North Atlantic

Author: Etienne Prévost, Maxime Olmos, Félix Massiot-Granier, Ian Bradbury, Etienne Rivot, Gérald Chaput, Marie Nevoux, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Gulf of Maine Research Institute (GMRI), Ecologie Comportementale et Biologie des Populations de Poissons (ECOBIOP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), European Project: 244706,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2009-3,ECOKNOWS(2010), Agence Française de la Biodiversité, Grant/Award Number : INRA-AFB SalmoGlob 2016-2018, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Marine survival, Population, Geographic proximity, hierarchical bayesian model, Marine life, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Spatial covariation, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, 14. Life underwater, Salmo, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Stock (geology), [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, education.field_of_study, biology, Time trends, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, biology.organism_classification, Spatial coherence, Geography, Maturation probability, Spatial synchrony, [SDV.SA.STP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of fishery
Abstract: International audience; A hierarchical Bayesian life cycle model is presented that considers spatial covariation of marine life history traits of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations in the North Atlantic. The model is based on a collective analysis of the dynamics of 13 stock units (SUs) from two continental stock groups (CSGs) in North America and Southern Europe in a single hierarchical model over the period 1971–2014. The model sets up a new assessment framework for Atlantic salmon stocks. It also provides a framework to investigate the drivers of changes in Atlantic salmon population dynamics including disentangling the effects of fisheries from those of environmental factors in a hierarchy of spatial scales. It is used to test the hypothesis of a strong spatial synchrony in marine life history dynamics of Atlantic salmon populations. The trends in two key parameters associated with the early marine phase of the life cycle are estimated: (i) the marine survival during the first summer–autumn spent at sea and (ii) the proportion of fish maturing after the first winter at sea. The results provide evidence of a decline in the marine survival together with an increase in the proportion of fish that mature after the first winter at sea, common to all SUs. Our results show an increased coherence in the covariations of trends in these two marine life history traits related to geographic proximity of SUs which support the hypothesis of a coherent response of geographically proximate Atlantic salmon populations that likely share similar migration routes.
Published: 2019

35. Working group on North Atlantic salmon (WGNAS)

Author: Ahlbeck-Bergendahl, Ida, April, Julien, Bardarson, Hlynur, Bolstad, Geir H., Bradbury, Ian, Buoro, Mathieu, Chaput, Gerald, Dauphin, Guillaume, Ensing, Dennis, Erkinaro, Jaakko, Fiske, Peter, Freese, Marko, Gillson, Jonathan, Gregory, Stephen, Hanson, Nora, Kelly, Nick, Maxwell, Hugo, Meerburg, David, Millane, Michael, Nygaard, Rasmus, Olmos, Maxime, Ounsley, James, Prusov, Sergey, Rivot, Etienne, Robertson, Martha, Russel, Ian, Sheehan, Tim, Utne, Kjell Rong, Walker, Alan, Wennevik, Vidar, Department of Aquatic Resources-SLU Aqua, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Service de la Faune Aquatique, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec, Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Ecologie Comportementale et Biologie des Populations de Poissons (ECOBIOP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Salmo and Trout Research Centre, The Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust, Marine Scotland Science, Marine Institute, Atlantic Salmon Federation, Inland Fisheries Ireland, Greenland Institute for Natural Resources (GINR), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Knipovich polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, NOAA Fisheries Service, Institute of Marine Research, Inconnu, Department of Aquatic Resources, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: salmo salar, atlantique nord, estimation des stocks, north atlantic, fishery management, salmon, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, atlantic, gestion des pêches
Published: 2019

36. Growth Response of Arctica Islandica to North Atlantic Oceanographic Conditions Since 1850

Author: Julien Thébault, Pierre Poitevin, Sebastien Donnet, Valentin Siebert, Laurent Chauvaud, Philippe Archambault, Pascal Lazure, Justine Doré, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, lcsh:QH1-199.5, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Oceanography, Arctica islandica, 01 natural sciences, paleoecology, continental-shelf, lcsh:Science, Water Science and Technology, slope water region, Global and Planetary Change, Atlantic hurricane, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, shell growth, North Atlantic, oscillation, climate change, circulation, sub polar gyre, Climate change, Ocean Engineering, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Aquatic Science, scotian shelf, bivalve, Ocean gyre, Atlantic multidecadal oscillation, 14. Life underwater, climate, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, variability, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, labrador current, biology.organism_classification, ocean temperature, Gulf Stream, Sea surface temperature, 13. Climate action, North Atlantic oscillation, Paleoecology, sclerochronology, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; The Northwest Atlantic is a key region with an essential role in global climate regulation, redistributing heat and influencing the carbon cycle. However, little is known about its evolution before 1950, mainly because of the lack of long-term instrumental measurements. The hard parts of long-lived marine biota hold the potential to extend instrumentally derived observation by several decades or centuries and enhance our understanding of global climate processes. Here, we investigate the effects of local, regional, and large-scale climate variability on the marine bivalve, Arctica islandica (Linnaeus, 1767) from Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (SPM). This archipelago lies at the boundary zone between the cold Labrador Current in the north and the warm Gulf Stream waters to the south, an excellent site to capture changes in North Atlantic climate and oceanography. This study presents the northernmost, statistically robust A. islandica growth chronology (1850-2015) from the Western North Atlantic and its potential as an environmental proxy record for past climatic and hydrographic variabilities at different time and geographical scales. In view of our results, it seems that A. islandica shell growth anomalies in SPM are mostly controlled by local primary production. Since long term instrumental records of this environmental variable are not available; we investigate the influence of global and regional environmental phenomena on A. islandica growth and indirectly on primary productivity of archipelago waters. The chronology correlates significantly and positively with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and negatively with the North Atlantic Oscillation, two global climatic indices. The North Atlantic spatial pattern of correlation shows significant and positive correlations of 0-100 m temperatures from 1950 with A. islandica growth in SPM encompassing the subpolar gyre area. These global-scale relationships are refined and the mechanisms leading to them explained by comparing A. islandica growth chronology to regional environmental datasets. These relationships existing between the A. islandica shell growth record at SPM and environmental datasets covering different geographical scales could yield details about past North Atlantic basin and regional environmental conditions through their influence on SPM coastal environment.
Published: 2019

37. Trade-offs between foraging efficiency and pup feeding rate of lactating northern fur seals in a declining population

Author: John P. Y. Arnould, Tiphaine Jeanniard du Dot, Andrew W. Trites, John R. Speakman, Christophe Guinet, Fisheries Centre (Marine Mammal Research Unit), University of British Columbia (UBC), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Deakin University [Burwood], The Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Foraging efficiency, Population, Foraging, Aquatic Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Northern fur seal, Predation, Seasonal breeder, 14. Life underwater, Pup growth, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, education.field_of_study, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Reproductive success, Continental shelf, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, biology.organism_classification, Diet, Fishery, Population decline, Callorhinus ursinus, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Reproduction success
Abstract: International audience; Foraging strategies and their resulting efficiency (energy gain to cost ratio) affectanimals’ survival and reproductive success and can be linked to population dynamics. However,they have rarely been studied quantitatively in free-ranging animals. We investigated foragingstrategies and efficiencies of wild northern fur seals Callorhinus ursinus during their breedingseason to understand potential links to the observed population decline in the Bering Sea. Weequipped 20 lactating females with biologgers to determine at-sea foraging behaviours. We measuredenergy expenditure while foraging using the doubly-labelled water method, and energygained using (1) the types and energy densities of prey consumed, and (2) the number of prey captureattempts (from acceleration data). Our results show that seals employed 2 foraging strategies:one group (40%) fed mostly in oceanic waters on small, high energy-density prey, while the other(60%) stayed over the shallow continental shelf feeding mostly on larger, lower quality fish.Females foraging in oceanic waters captured 3 times more prey, and had double the foraging efficienciesof females that foraged on-shelf in neritic waters. However, neritic seals made comparativelyshorter trips, and likely fed their pups ~20 to 25% more frequently. The presence of thesestrategies which either favor foraging efficiency (energy) or frequency of nursing (time) might bemaintained in the population because they have similar net fitness outcomes. However, neitherstrategy appears to simultaneously maximize time and energy allocated to nursing, with potentialimpacts on the survival of pups during their first year at sea.
Published: 2018

38. A Bayesian hierarchical model to unravel the spatial covariations in the response of Atlantic salmon populations to climate change in the North Atlantic Ocean

Author: Olmos, Maxime, Prévost, Etienne, Chaput, Gérald, Nevoux, Marie, Rivot, Etienne, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Ecologie Comportementale et Biologie des Populations de Poissons (ECOBIOP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Department of Fisheries and Oceans, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: Biodiversité et Ecologie, north atlantic, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, hierarchical bayesian model, survival, sst, bottom-up, Biodiversity and Ecology, environmentally driven change, stage-based life cycle model, population dynamics, spatial covariation, marine survival, maturation probability, atlantic salmon, Milieux et Changements globaux, global change, changement climatique, température de surface, salmon, modèle bayésien, atlantique nord, salmo salar, dynamique des populations, survie, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, atlantic
Abstract: Résumé; International audience
Published: 2018

39. New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic

Author: Abbatt, Jonathan P. D., Leaitch, W. Richard, Aliabadi, Amir A., Bertram, Alan K., Blanchet, Jean-Pierre, Boivin-Rioux, Aude, Bozem, Heiko, Burkart, Julia, Chang, Rachel Y. W., Charette, Joannie, Chaubey, Jai P., Christensen, Robert J., Cirisan, Ana, Collins, Douglas B., Croft, Betty, Dionne, Joelle, Evans, Greg J., Fletcher, Christopher G., Ghahremaninezhad, Roghayeh, Girard, Eric, Gong, Wanmin, Gosselin, Michel, Gourdal, Margaux, Hanna, Sarah J., Hayashida, Hakase, Herber, Andreas B., Hesaraki, Sareh, Hoor, Peter, Huang, Lin, Hussherr, Rachel, Irish, Victoria E., Keita, Setigui A., Kodros, John K., Köllner, Franziska, Kolonjari, Felicia, Kunkel, Daniel, Ladino, Luis A., Law, Kathy S., Levasseur, Maurice, Libois, Quentin, Liggio, John, Lizotte, Martine, Macdonald, Katrina M., Mahmood, Rashed, Martin, Randall V., Mason, Ryan H., Miller, Lisa A., Moravek, Alexander, Mortenson, Eric, Mungall, Emma L., Murphy, Jennifer G., Namazi, Maryam, Norman, Ann-Lise, O'Neill, Norman T., Pierce, Jeffrey R., Russell, Lynn M., Schneider, Johannes, Schulz, Hannes, Sharma, Sangeeta, Si, Meng, Staebler, Ralf M., Steiner, Nadja S., Gali, Marti, Thomas, Jennie L., von Salzen, Knut, Wentzell, Jeremy J. B., Willis, Megan D., Wentworth, Gregory R., Xu, Jun-Wei, Yakobi-Hancock, Jacqueline D., Department of Chemistry [University of Toronto], University of Toronto, Environment and Climate Change Canada, School of Engineering [Guelph], University of Guelph, Department of Chemistry [Vancouver] (UBC Chemistry), University of British Columbia (UBC), Département des sciences de la terre et de l'atmosphère [Montréal] (SCTA), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Institute for Atmospheric Physics [Mainz] (IPA), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Aerosol Physics and Environmental Physics [Vienna], University of Vienna [Vienna], Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science [Halifax], Dalhousie University [Halifax], Department of Chemistry [Lewisburg], Bucknell University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry (CHEM ENG), Department of Geography and Environmental Management [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Departement de Biologie [Québec], Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), School of Earth and Ocean Sciences [Victoria] (SEOS), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Centre d'Applications et de Recherches en TELédétection (CARTEL), Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], Department of Atmospheric Science [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Particle Chemistry Department [Mainz], Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Biology [Québec], Air Quality Processes Research Section, Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma), Institute of Ocean Sciences [Sidney] (IOS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Department of Mathematics [Isfahan], University of Isfahan, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Calgary], University of Calgary, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), and National Research Council of Canada (NRC)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology
Abstract: International audience; Motivated by the need to predict how the Arctic atmosphere will change in a warming world, this article summarizes recent advances made by the research consortium NETCARE (Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments) that contribute to our fundamental understanding of Arctic aerosol particles as they relate to climate forcing. The overall goal of NETCARE research has been to use an interdisciplinary approach encompassing extensive field observations and a range of chemical transport, earth system, and biogeochemical models. Several major findings and advances have emerged from NETCARE since its formation in 2013 . (1) Unexpectedly high summertime dimethyl sulfide (DMS) levels were identified in ocean water and the overlying atmosphere in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). Furthermore, melt ponds, which are widely prevalent, were identified as an important DMS source. (2) Evidence was found of widespread particle nucleation and growth in the marine boundary layer in the CAA in the summertime. DMS-oxidation-driven nucleation is facilitated by the presence of atmospheric ammonia arising from sea bird colony emissions, and potentially also from coastal regions, tundra, and biomass burning. Via accumulation of secondary organic material (SOA), a significant fraction of the new particles grow to sizes that are active in cloud droplet formation. Although the gaseous precursors to Arctic marine SOA remain poorly defined, the measured levels of common continental SOA precursors (isoprene and monoterpenes) were low, whereas elevated mixing ratios of oxygenated volatile organic compounds were inferred to arise via processes involving the sea surface microlayer. (3) The variability in the vertical distribution of black carbon (BC) under both springtime Arctic haze and more pristine summertime aerosol conditions was observed. Measured particle size distributions and mixing states were used to constrain, for the first time, calculations of aerosol–climate interactions under Arctic conditions. Aircraft- and ground-based measurements were used to better establish the BC source regions that supply the Arctic via long-range transport mechanisms. (4) Measurements of ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the Arctic indicate that a major source of these particles is mineral dust, likely derived from local sources in the summer and long-range transport in the spring. In addition, INPs are abundant in the sea surface microlayer in the Arctic, and possibly play a role in ice nucleation in the atmosphere when mineral dust concentrations are low. (5) Amongst multiple aerosol components, BC was observed to have the smallest effective deposition velocities to high Arctic snow.
Published: 2018

40. Early back-calculated size-at-age of Atlantic yellow eels sampled along ecological gradients in the Gironde and St. Lawrence hydrographical systems

Author: Patrice Couture, Patrick Lambert, Magalie Baudrimont, Fabien Pierron, Géraldine Patey, Guy Verreault, Catherine M. Couillard, Hilaire Drouineau, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture, IRSTEA, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Anguilla rostrata, animal structures, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, ECHANTILLONNAGE STATISTIQUE, habitats, ANGUILLA ROSTRATA, population dynamics, 14. Life underwater, HABITAT, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biodiversity, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, BIODIVERSITE, Sampling (statistics), ANGUILLA ANGUILLA, biology.organism_classification, Fishery, Geography, Habitat, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, DYNAMIQUE DE POPULATION, statistical sampling
Abstract: An international sampling program investigating the causes of the decline of American eels (Anguilla rostrata) and European eels (Anguilla anguilla) in the St. Lawrence (Canada) and Gironde (France) rivers systems provided the opportunity to compare early growth of eels of each species among habitats using back-calculated size-at-age from 1 to 5 years old. Our study supports previous studies showing that the early back-calculated lengths of A. anguilla were higher in downstream and more saline Gironde system habitats than in the upstream fluvial section and provides a new indication that length at 1 year old is twice higher than that reported 10 years earlier. However, our data contradict the current paradigm for A. rostrata by providing evidence that early size-at-age of eels from the upstream St. Lawrence system, most distant from the spawning area, exceeds those of eels sampled downstream, at less distant sites in the estuarine section. Overall, these observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the observed spatial variations in early growth rate of yellow eels sampled in the St. Lawrence and Gironde systems are the consequence of processes occurring in the first year of age, such as genetic selection and (or) genetically dependent habitat choice.
Published: 2018

41. Harnessing remote sensing to address critical science questions on ocean-atmosphere interactions

Author: Lisa A. Miller, Chris A. Hostetler, Pavel Litvinov, Oleg Dubovik, Yongxiang Hu, Andrew M. Sayer, Yoav Lehahn, Cédric Jamet, Emmanuel Boss, Tristan Harmel, Kirk Knobelspiesse, Brian Ward, Natalia Rudorff, Ilan Koren, Jacek Chowdhary, Martí Galí, Griet Neukermans, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Marine Geosciences, University of Haifa [Haifa], Department of Earth and Planetary Science [Rehovot], Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], GRASP-SAS, Remote Sensing Developments, University of Maine, Institute of Ocean Sciences [Sidney] (IOS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])
Subjects: Ocean, Atmospheric Science, Environmental Engineering, Marine boundary layer, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Interface (Java), Computer science, Interactions, Interdisciplinarity, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, 0103 physical sciences, 14. Life underwater, Atmosphere, Interface, Remote sensing, lcsh:Environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Atmosphere (unit), Ecology, Scale (chemistry), Geology, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, 13. Climate action, Remote sensing (archaeology)
Abstract: International audience; Earth observing systems have proven to be a unique source of long-term synoptic information on numerous physical, chemical and biological parameters on a global scale. Merging this information for integrated studies that peruse key questions about the ocean-atmosphere interface is, however, very challenging. Such studies require interdisciplinary frameworks and novel insights into ways to address the problem. We present here a perspective review on how current and emerging remote sensing technologies could help address two scientific questions within the Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) science plan: (1) to what extent doesupper-ocean biology affect the composition and radiative properties of the marine boundary layer; and (2) to what extent does upper-ocean turbulence drive fluxes of mass and energy at the air-sea interface. We provide a thorough review of how these questions have been addressed and discuss novel potential avenues using multiplatform space-borne missions, from visible to microwave, active and passive sensors.
Published: 2018

42. Effects of increase glacier discharge on phytoplankton bloom dynamics and pelagic geochemistry in a high Arctic fjord

Author: Aude Leynaert, N. Morata, Monika Kędra, Marcel Babin, Solveig Bourgeois, Philippe Kerhervé, Emmanuel Devred, Maria Ll. Calleja, Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (IACT), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de Granada (UGR), Red Sea Research Centre (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Aberdeen, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-PDOC-0018,ECOTAB,Effet des changements climatiques sur le benthos en Arctique(2011), Universidad de Granada (UGR)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Water mass, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Fjord, Aquatic Science, Fjords, 01 natural sciences, Water column, Arctic, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Diatom bloom, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Continental shelf, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes, Geology, Glacier, Pelagic zone, 15. Life on land, Spring bloom, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Organic matter, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Glaciers
Abstract: International audience; Arctic fjords experience extremely pronounced seasonal variability and spatial heterogeneity associated with changes in ice cover, glacial retreat and the intrusion of continental shelf’s adjacent water masses. Global warming intensifies natural environmental variability on these important systems, yet the regional and global effects of these processes are still poorly understood. In the present study, we examine seasonal and spatial variability in Kongsfjorden, on the western coast of Spitsbergen, Svalbard. We report hydrological, biological, and biogeochemical data collected during spring, summer, and fall 2012. Our results show a strong phytoplankton bloom with the highest chlorophyll a (Chla) levels ever reported in this area, peaking 15.5 μg/L during late May and completely dominated by large diatoms at the inner fjord, that may sustain both pelagic and benthic production under weakly stratified conditions at the glacier front. A progressively stronger stratification of the water column during summer and fall was shaped by the intrusion of warm Atlantic water (T >3 °C and Sal >34.65) into the fjord at around 100 m depth, and by turbid freshwater plumes (T
Published: 2017

43. Spatial and temporal dynamics of predator-prey species interactions off western Canada

Author: Yunne-Jai Shin, Caihong Fu, Nathan G. Taylor, Huizhu Liu, Philippe Verley, Arnaud Grüss, Sonia D. Batten, Norm Olsen, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables], and Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science (SAHFOS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Population, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Predation, INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Marine ecosystem, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, education.field_of_study, species interaction, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Pacific cod, spatial population structure, FISHERIES MANAGEMENT, predation mortality, Pacific herring, Clupea, ecosystem modelling, RECOVERY, biology.organism_classification, Geography, fisheries management, Fisheries management, OSMOSE, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: Ecosystem models are valuable tools for informing fisheries management due to their ability to simulate the spatial dynamics of modelled species, their trophic interactions, and their responses to fishing in an ecosystem context. In this study, we developed an OSMOSE (Object-oriented Simulator of Marine Ecosystems Exploitation) model for the Pacific North Coast Integrated Management Area (PNCIMA) ecosystem off western Canada, which simulated the entire life cycle of six key species and for the first time integrated spatial population structure and “background” taxa. Background taxa are of secondary importance for the study at hand but have the potential to be important prey or predators of the key species. The primary aim of the study was to explore how the population dynamics of the key species differed over time and different management areas, with results focusing on Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasii) and Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus) that have been assessed on a single-species basis in the last 5 years. Results found that the population dynamics of a specific species varied in different management areas due to differences in species interactions particularly in the form of predation mortality, which supports the current area-specific assessment and management framework. The study also indicated that increasing predation mortality may have caused the decline of the Pacific Cod populations. By contrast, increasing starvation mortality was found to be a limiting factor for the Pacific Herring populations. The discoveries from these OSMOSE simulations provide important information for fisheries management within the PNCIMA ecosystem.
Published: 2017

44. Microlayer source of oxygenated volatile organic compounds in the summertime marine Arctic boundary layer

Author: Tim Papakyriakou, Emma L. Mungall, John Liggio, Alex K. Y. Lee, Jennie L. Thomas, Megan D. Willis, Michel Gosselin, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, Jeremy J. B. Wentzell, Marjolaine Blais, Lisa A. Miller, Department of Chemistry [University of Toronto], University of Toronto, Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Singapore], National University of Singapore (NUS), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Institute of Ocean Sciences [Sidney] (IOS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Centre for Earth Observation Science [Winnipeg], and University of Manitoba [Winnipeg]
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Sea surface microlayer, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Arctic, Dissolved organic carbon, Sea ice, Sea surface micro layer, 14. Life underwater, Isoprene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, chemical ionization mass spectrometry, Aerosol, chemistry, Marine boundary layer, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Physical Sciences, Oxygenated volatile organic compounds, Dimethyl sulfide
Abstract: Summertime Arctic shipboard observations of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) such as organic acids, key precursors of climatically active secondary organic aerosol (SOA), are consistent with a novel source of OVOCs to the marine boundary layer via chemistry at the sea surface microlayer. Although this source has been studied in a laboratory setting, organic acid emissions from the sea surface microlayer have not previously been observed in ambient marine environments. Correlations between measurements of OVOCs, including high levels of formic acid, in the atmosphere (measured by an online high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer) and dissolved organic matter in the ocean point to a marine source for the measured OVOCs. That this source is photomediated is indicated by correlations between the diurnal cycles of the OVOC measurements and solar radiation. In contrast, the OVOCs do not correlate with levels of isoprene, monoterpenes, or dimethyl sulfide. Results from box model calculations are consistent with heterogeneous chemistry as the source of the measured OVOCs. As sea ice retreats and dissolved organic carbon inputs to the Arctic increase, the impact of this source on the summer Arctic atmosphere is likely to increase. Globally, this source should be assessed in other marine environments to quantify its impact on OVOC and SOA burdens in the atmosphere, and ultimately on climate.
Published: 2017

45. A coupled biophysical model for the distribution of the great scallop Pecten maximus in the English Channel

Author: Philippe Cugier, Jonathan Flye-Sainte-Marie, Clément Le Goff, Fred Jean, Romain Lavaud, Aurélie Foveau, Spyros Fifas, Nicolas Desroy, Eric Foucher, Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Normandie (LERN), Laboratoire Environnement Ressource Bretagne Nord (LERBN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), ANR-10-STRA-0010,COMANCHE,Interactions écosystémiques et impacts anthropiques dans les populations de Coquilles St-Jacques de la Manche(2010), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Benthique Côtière (LEBCO), Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques de Port-en-Bessin (LRHPB), Halieutique Manche Mer du Nord (HMMN), and LITTORAL (LITTORAL)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Population dynamic model, Dynamic energy budget, Population, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Spatial distribution, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Biological constraints, Pecten maximus, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, education.field_of_study, English Channel, Larval dispersion, biology, Ecology, Food availability, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, biology.organism_classification, Ecophysiological model, Scallop, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; In this paper we used a modelling approach integrating both physical and biological constraints to understand the biogeographical distribution of the great scallop Pecten maximus in the English Channel during its whole life cycle. A 3D bio-hydrodynamical model (ECO-MARS3D) providing environmental conditions was coupled to (i) a population dynamics model and (ii) an individual ecophysiological model (Dynamic Energy Budget model). We performed the coupling sequentially, which underlined the respective role of biological and physical factors in defining P. maximus distribution in the English Channel. Results show that larval dispersion by hydrodynamics explains most of the scallop distribution and enlighten the main known hotspots for the population, basically corresponding to the main fishing areas. The mechanistic description of individual bioenergetics shows that food availability and temperature control growth and reproduction and explain how populations may maintain themselves in particular locations. This last coupling leads to more realistic densities and distributions of adults in the English Channel. The results of this study improves our knowledge on the stock and distribution dynamics of P. maximus, and provides grounds for useful tools to support management strategies.
Published: 2017

46. Marine mammals exploring the oceans pole to pole: a review of the MEOP consortium

Author: Gilles Reverdin, Keith W. Nicholls, Guy D. Williams, Daniel P. Costa, Philip Lovell, P J Nico de Bruyn, Christian Lydersen, Mark A. Hindell, Fabien Roquet, Mary-Anne Lea, Clive R. McMahon, Robert Harcourt, Mike O. Hammill, Trevor McIntyre, Kit M. Kovacs, Anne M. Treasure, Jean-Benoît Charrassin, Andrew W. Trites, Horst Bornemann, Andrew D. Lowther, Michael A. Fedak, Christophe Guinet, Damien Chevallier, Marthán N Bester, Baptiste Picard, Mônica M. C. Muelbert, Lars Boehme, Isabelle J. Ansorge, Department of Oceanography [Cape Town], University of Cape Town, Mammal Research Institute - Department Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria (UPSpace), Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU), University of Saint Andrews, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Equipe Physique de l'Ocean Austral (DMPA), DMPA, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Santa Cruz], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maurice-Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania (UTAS), FRAM Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews [Scotland], Biodiversity Section [Norway], Zoology and Entomology Department, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria [South Africa], University of Sydney Institute of Marine Science (USIMS), The University of Sydney, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Interactions et Processus au sein de la couche de Surface Océanique (IPSO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Marine Mammal Research Unit (University of British Columbia), University of British Columbia (UBC), Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE-CRC), Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)-School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland], and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ice formation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Climate system, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Data portal, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Polar oceans are poorly monitored despite the important role they play in regulating Earth’s climate system. Marine mammals equipped with biologging devices are now being used to fill the data gaps in these logistically difficult to sample regions. Since 2002, instrumented animals have been generating exceptionally large data sets of oceanographic CTD casts (>500,000 profiles), which are now freely available to the scientific community through the MEOP data portal (http://meop.net). MEOP (Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole) is a consortium of international researchers dedicated to sharing animal-derived data and knowledge about the polar oceans. Collectively, MEOP demonstrates the power and cost-effectiveness of using marine mammals as data-collection platforms that can dramatically improve the ocean observing system for biological and physical oceanographers. Here, we review the MEOP program and database to bring it to the attention of the international community.
Published: 2017

47. Using trophic models to assess the impact of fishing in the Bay of Biscay and the Celtic Sea

Author: Didier Gascuel, Abdelkrim Bentorcha, Sylvie Guénette, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Celtic Sea, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Ecopath, Transfer efficiency, EcoSim, Marine ecosystem, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, Biomass (ecology), Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Food web, EcoTroph, Bay of Biscay, Fishing down the food web, EwE, Fishery, 13. Climate action, Fishing impact, Environmental science, Fisheries management, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM)
Abstract: International audience; Using the Bay of Biscay and Celtic Sea area as a case study, we showed how stock-assessments and trophic models can be useful and complementary tools to quantify the fishing impacts on the whole food web and to draw related diagnoses at the scale of marine ecosystems. First, an integrated synthesis of the status and trends in fish stocks, derived from ICES assessments, was consolidated at the ecosystem level. Then, using the well-known Ecopath and Ecosim and the more recently developed EcoTroph approach, we built advice-oriented ecosystem models structured around the stocks assessed by ICES. We especially analysed trends over the last three decades and investigated the potential ecosystem effects of the recent decrease observed in the overall fishing pressure. The Celtic/Biscay ecosystem appeared heavily fished during the 1980–2015 period. Some stocks would have started to recover recently, but changes in species composition seem to lead to more rapid and less efficient transfers within the food web. This could explain why the biomass of intermediate and high trophic levels increased at lower rates than anticipated from the decrease in the fishing pressure. We conclude that, in the frame of the Ecosystem approach to fisheries management, trophic models are key tools to expand stock assessment results at the scale of the whole ecosystem, and to reveal changes occurring in the global parameters of the trophic functioning of ecosystems.
Published: 2017

48. Ecosystem indicators\textemdashaccounting for variability in species\textquoteright trophic levels

Author: Reed, Jodie, Shannon, Lynne, Velez, Laure, Akoglu, Ekin, Bundy, Alida, Coll, Marta, Fu, Caihong, Fulton, Elizabeth A., Grüss, Arnaud, Halouani, Ghassen, Heymans, Johanna J., Houle, Jennifer E., John, Emma, Le Loc’h, François, Salihoglu, Baris, Verley, Philippe, Shin, Yunne-Jai, Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of Cape Town, Institute of Marine Sciences [Erdemli-Mersin] (IMS), Middle East Technical University [Ankara] (METU), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), CSIRO Marine and Atmosphere Research [Hobart], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables], Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes et Ressources Aquatiques (UR03AGRO1), Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), School of Biological Sciences [Belfast], Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Department of Animal and Plant Sciences [Sheffield], University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: ecosystem indicators ecosystem models, trophic level-based indicators, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, fishing effects, ACL, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, fishing scenarios
Abstract: International audience; Trophic level (TL)-based indicators are commonly used to track the ecosystem effects of fishing as the selective removal of organisms from the food web may result in changes to the trophic structure of marine ecosystems. The use of a fixed TL per species in the calculation of TL-based indicators has been questioned, given that species' TLs vary with ontogeny, as well as over time and space. We conducted a model-based assessment of the performance of fixed TL-based indicators vs. variable TL-based indicators for tracking the effects of fishing pressure. This assessment considered three TL-based indicators (the trophic level of the landed catch (TLc), the marine trophic index (MTI) and the trophic level of the surveyed community (TLsc)), three fishing scenarios that targeted specific model groups (the low TL scenario (LTL), the high TL scenario (HTL) and a scenario encompassing broad-scale exploitation (ALL)) and ten contrasting marine ecosystems with four types of ecosystem modelling approaches that differ in their structure and assumptions. Results showed that, overall, variable TL-based indicators have a greater capacity for detecting the effects of fishing pressure than fixed TL-based indicators. Across TL-based indicators, TLsc displayed the most consistent response to fishing whether fixed or variable species' TLs were used, as well as the highest capacity for detecting fishing effects. This result supports previous studies that promote the use of survey-based indicators over catch-based indicators to explore the impacts of fishing on the structure of marine ecosystems. Across fishing scenarios, the low trophic level fishing scenario (LTL) resulted in the lowest consistency between fixed and variable TL-based indicator responses and the lowest capacity of TL-based indicators for detecting fishing effects. Overall, our results speak to the need for caution when interpreting TL-based indicator trends, and knowledge of the broader context, such as fishing strategies and exploitation history.
Published: 2017

49. Shelf-basin gradients shape ecological phytoplankton niches and community composition in the coastal Arctic Ocean (Beaufort Sea)

Author: Ardyna, M., Babin, M., Devred, E., Forest, A., Gosselin, M., Raimbault, P., Tremblay, J. -E., Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Old Dominion University [Norfolk] (ODU), European gravitational Observatory (EGO), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (IRL3376), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract: International audience; The contiguous Arctic shelf is the green belt of the Arctic Ocean. Phytoplankton dynamics in this environment are driven by extreme physical gradients and by rapid climate change, which influence light and nutrient availability as well as the growth and ecological characteristics of phytoplankton. A large dataset collected across the Canadian Beaufort Shelf during summer 2009 was analyzed to assess how the interplay of physical and biogeochemical conditions dictates phytoplankton niches and trophic regimes. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis demonstrated marked partitioning of phytoplankton diversity. Elevated phytoplankton biomass (similar to 2.41 mu g Chl a L-1) was observed in association with the surface mixed layer near the coast, close to the mouth of the Mackenzie River, and at the shelf-break as a result of nutrient-rich Pacific water intrusions. The coastal communities were supported by high levels of nitrogen nutrients and were taxonomically uniform, with diatoms accounting for 95% of total cell numbers. By contrast, adjacent oceanic waters were characterized by low autotrophic biomass near the surface (similar to 0.09 mu g Chl a L-1) and below the mixed layer (similar to 0.23 mu g Chl a L-1) due to mainly nutrient limitation. However, the oceanic community was more diverse with a mixed assemblage of diatoms and small mixotrophs/heterotrophs near the surface and a predominance of autotrophic nanoflagellates at depth. We conclude that as climate change intensifies freshening and stratification in the Western Arctic Ocean, coastal hotspots of high autotrophic productivity may play an even greater role in supporting Arctic marine ecosystems while offshore environments become increasingly oligotrophic.
Published: 2017

50. Cultured eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica): retention and assimilation of picophytoplankton using a multi-biomarker approach

Author: Réjean Tremblay, Luc A. Comeau, Frédéric Olivier, Rémi Sonier, Tarik Meziane, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Gill, animal structures, Crassostrea virginica, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Aquaculture, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Picophytoplankton, Nanophytoplankton, Phytoplankton, Botany, 14. Life underwater, Food science, Fatty acids, Shellfish, Stable isotopes, chemistry.chemical_classification, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, biology, Stable isotope ratio, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fatty acid, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, Crassostrea, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract: International audience; In this study, we investigated the food sources of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica cultivated in Atlantic Canada. Stable isotopes (13C and 15N) and fatty acid biomarkers were used to identify these sources under in situ conditions for suspended (∼0.5 m below surface) and bottom (∼2 m) culture stocks. It was found that particulate organic matter represented the main food source, with major contributions from live phytoplankton. Higher lipid contents were detected in the digestive glands of suspended oysters compared to bottom oysters (p 2 μm, 1.05 ± 0.15 μg l−1, mean ± SEM). To determine whether the small size PPP was captured and assimilated by C. virginica, feeding trials were conducted in the laboratory using three PPP/NPP diets (20%, 50%, and 80% PPP), consisting of isotopically-labelled (δ13C) PPP cells (Nannochloropsis oculata) and non-labelled NPP cells (Tisochrysis lutea). An isotopically-labelled fatty acids analysis indicated PPP assimilation in various tissues (digestive gland, gills, mantle, and abductor muscle), including from oysters fed the reduced (20%) PPP diet. Isotopic enrichment (13C) in the FA 22:2 (non-methylene-interrupted or NMI) showed that precursors of NMIs utilized PPP carbon in its biosynthesis process. In conclusion, C. virginica assimilated primarily particulate organic matter (POM), including PPP, which dominated the phytoplankton community in near surface waters. C. virginica can exploit PPP carbon during fatty acid production and further biosynthesis.
Published: 2017

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