1. The Large Observatory for X-ray Timing (LOFT)
- Author
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Feroci, M., Stella, L., Klis, M., Courvoisier, T. J. -L, Hernanz, M., Hudec, R., Santangelo, A., Walton, D., Zdziarski, A., Barret, D., Belloni, T., Braga, José, Brandt, S., Budtz-Jørgensen, C., Campana, S., Den Herder, J. -W, Huovelin, J., Israel, G. L., Pohl, M., Ray, P., Vacchi, A., Zane, S., Argan, A., Primo Attinà, Bertuccio, G., Bozzo, E., Campana, R., Chakrabarty, D., Costa, E., Rosa, A., Del Monte, E., Di Cosimo, S., Donnarumma, I., Evangelista, Y., Haas, D., Jonker, P., Korpela, S., Labanti, C., Malcovati, P., Mignani, R., Muleri, F., Rapisarda, M., Rashevsky, A., Rea, N., Rubini, A., Tenzer, C., Wilson-Hodge, C., Winter, B., Wood, K., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Abramowicz, M. A., Alpar, M. A., Altamirano, D., Alvarez, J. M., Amati, L., Amoros, C., Antonelli, L. A., Artigue, R., Azzarello, P., Bachetti, M., Baldazzi, G., Barbera, M., Barbieri, C., Basa, S., Baykal, A., Belmont, R., Boirin, L., Bonvicini, V., Burderi, L., Bursa, M., Cabanac, C., Cackett, E., Caliandro, G. A., Casella, P., Chaty, S., Chenevez, J., Coe, M. J., Collura, A., Corongiu, A., Covino, S., Cusumano, G., D Amico, Frank, Dall Osso, S., Martino, D., Paris, G., Di Persio, G., Di Salvo, T., Done, C., Dovčiak, M., Drago, A., Ertan, U., Fabiani, S., Falanga, M., Fender, R., Ferrando, P., Della Monica Ferreira, D., Fraser, G., Frontera, F., Fuschino, F., Galvez, J. L., Gandhi, P., Giommi, P., Godet, O., Göǧüş, E., Goldwurm, A., Götz, D., Grassi, M., Guttridge, P., Hakala, P., Henri, G., Hermsen, W., Horak, J., Hornstrup, A., In T Zand, J. J. M., Isern, J., Kalemci, E., Kanbach, G., Karas, V., Kataria, D., Kennedy, T., Klochkov, D., Kluźniak, W., Kokkotas, K., Kreykenbohm, I., Krolik, J., Kuiper, L., Kuvvetli, I., Kylafis, N., Lattimer, J. M., Lazzarotto, F., Leahy, D., Lebrun, F., Lin, D., Lund, N., Maccarone, T., Malzac, J., Marisaldi, M., Martindale, A., Mastropietro, M., Mcclintock, J., Mchardy, I., Mendez, M., Mereghetti, S., Miller, M. C., Mineo, T., Morelli, E., Morsink, S., Motch, C., Motta, S., Muñoz-Darias, T., Naletto, G., Neustroev, V., Nevalainen, J., Olive, J. F., Orio, M., Orlandini, M., Orleanski, P., Ozel, F., Pacciani, L., Paltani, S., Papadakis, I., Papitto, A., Patruno, A., Pellizzoni, A., Petráček, V., Petri, J., Petrucci, P. O., Phlips, B., Picolli, L., Possenti, A., Psaltis, D., Rambaud, D., Reig, P., Remillard, R., Rodriguez, J., Romano, P., Romanova, M., Schanz, T., Schmid, C., Segreto, A., Shearer, A., Smith, A., Smith, P. J., Soffitta, P., Stergioulas, N., Stolarski, M., Stuchlik, Z., Tiengo, A., Torres, D., Török, G., Turolla, R., Uttley, P., Vaughan, S., Vercellone, S., Waters, R., Watts, A., Wawrzaszek, R., Webb, N., Wilms, J., Zampieri, L., Zezas, A., Ziolkowski, J., Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Astronomy, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), M. Feroci, L. Stella, M. v. der, T. Courvoisier, M. Hernanz, R. Hudec, A. Santangelo, D. Walton, A. Zdziarski, D. Barret, T. Belloni, J. Braga, S. Brandt, C. Budtz-Jorgensen, S. Campana, J. d. Herder, J. Huovelin, G. Israel, M. Pohl, P. Ray, A. Vacchi, S. Zane, A. Argan, P. Attina, G. Bertuccio, E. Bozzo, R. Campana, D. Chakrabarty, E. Costa, A. D. Rosa, E. D. Monte, S. D. Cosimo, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, D. Haa, P. Jonker, S. Korpela, C. Labanti, P. Malcovati, R. Mignani, F. Muleri, M. Rapisarda, A. Rashevsky, N. Rea, A. Rubini, C. Tenzer, C. Wilson-Hodge, B. Winter, K. Wood, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, M. Abramowicz, M. Alpar, D. Altamirano, J. Alvarez, L. Amati, C. Amoro, L. Antonelli, R. Artigue, P. Azzarello, M. Bachetti, G. Baldazzi, M. Barbera, C. Barbieri, S. Basa, A. Baykal, R. Belmont, L. Boirin, V. Bonvicini, L. Burderi, M. Bursa, C. Cabanac, E. Cackett, G. Caliandro, P. Casella, S. Chaty, J. Chenevez, M. Coe, A. Collura, A. Corongiu, S. Covino, G. Cusumano, F. D'Amico, S. Dall'Osso, D. D. Martino, G. D. Pari, G. D. Persio, T. D. Salvo, C. Done, M. Dovciak, A. Drago, U. Ertan, S. Fabiani, M. Falanga, R. Fender, P. Ferrando, D. Ferreira, G. Fraser, F. Frontera, F. Fuschino, J. Galvez, P. Gandhi, P. Giommi, O. Godet, E. Gogu, A. Goldwurm, D. Gotz, M. Grassi, P. Guttridge, P. Hakala, G. Henri, W. Hermsen, J. Horak, A. Hornstrup, J. i. Zand, J. Isern, E. Kalemci, G. Kanbach, V. Kara, D. Kataria, T. Kennedy, D. Klochkov, W. Kluzniak, K. Kokkota, I. Kreykenbohm, J. Krolik, L. Kuiper, I. Kuvvetli, N. Kylafi, J. Lattimer, F. Lazzarotto, D. Leahy, F. Lebrun, D. Lin, N. Lund, T. Maccarone, J. Malzac, M. Marisaldi, A. Martindale, M. Mastropietro, J. McClintock, I. McHardy, M. Mendez, S. Mereghetti, M. Miller, T. Mineo, E. Morelli, S. Morsink, C. Motch, S. Motta, T. Munoz-Daria, G. Naletto, V. Neustroev, J. Nevalainen, J. Olive, M. Orio, M. Orlandini, P. Orleanski, F. Ozel, L. Pacciani, S. Paltani, I. Papadaki, A. Papitto, A. Patruno, A. Pellizzoni, V. Petracek, J. Petri, P. Petrucci, B. Phlip, L. Picolli, A. Possenti, D. Psalti, D. Rambaud, P. Reig, R. Remillard, J. Rodriguez, P. Romano, M. Romanova, T. Schanz, C. Schmid, A. Segreto, A. Shearer, A. Smith, P. Smith, P. Soffitta, N. Stergioula, M. Stolarski, Z. Stuchlik, A. Tiengo, D. Torre, G. Torok, R. Turolla, P. Uttley, S. Vaughan, S. Vercellone, R. Water, A. Watt, R. Wawrzaszek, N. Webb, J. Wilm, L. Zampieri, A. Zeza, J. Ziolkowski, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Feroci, M., Stella, L., van der Klis, M., Courvoisier, T. J.-L., Hernanz, M., Hudec, R., Santangelo, A., Walton, D., Zdziarski, A., Barret, D., Belloni, T., Braga, J., Brandt, S., Budtz-Jørgensen, C., Campana, S., den Herder, J.-W., Huovelin, J., Israel, G. L., Pohl, M., Ray, P., Vacchi, A., Zane, S., Argan, A., Attinà, P., Bertuccio, G., Bozzo, E., Campana, R., Chakrabarty, D., Costa, E., De Rosa, A., Del Monte, E., Di Cosimo, S., Donnarumma, I., Evangelista, Y., Haas, D., Jonker, P., Korpela, S., Labanti, C., Malcovati, P., Mignani, R., Muleri, F., Rapisarda, M., Rashevsky, A., Rea, N., Rubini, A., Tenzer, C., Wilson-Hodge, C., Winter, B., Wood, K., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Abramowicz, M. A., Alpar, M. A., Altamirano, D., Alvarez, J. M., Amati, L., Amoros, C., Antonelli, L. A., Artigue, R., Azzarello, P., Bachetti, M., Baldazzi, G., Barbera, M., Barbieri, C., Basa, S., Baykal, A., Belmont, R., Boirin, L., Bonvicini, V., Burderi, L., Bursa, M., Cabanac, C., Cackett, E., Caliandro, G. A., Casella, P., Chaty, S., Chenevez, J., Coe, M. J., Collura, A., Corongiu, A., Covino, S., Cusumano, G., D'Amico, F., Dall'Osso, S., De Martino, D., De Paris, G., Di Persio, G., Di Salvo, T., Done, C., Dovčiak, M., Drago, A., Ertan, U., Fabiani, S., Falanga, M., Fender, R., Ferrando, P., Della Monica Ferreira, D., Fraser, G., Frontera, F., Fuschino, F., Galvez, J. L., Gandhi, P., Giommi, P., Godet, O., Göǧüş, E., Goldwurm, A., Götz, D., Grassi, M., Guttridge, P., Hakala, P., Henri, G., Hermsen, W., Horak, J., Hornstrup, A., in't Zand, J. J. M., Isern, J., Kalemci, E., Kanbach, G., Karas, V., Kataria, D., Kennedy, T., Klochkov, D., Kluźniak, W., Kokkotas, K., Kreykenbohm, I., Krolik, J., Kuiper, L., Kuvvetli, I., Kylafis, N., Lattimer, J. M., Lazzarotto, F., Leahy, D., Lebrun, F., Lin, D., Lund, N., Maccarone, T., Malzac, J., Marisaldi, M., Martindale, A., Mastropietro, M., McClintock, J., McHardy, I., Mendez, M., Mereghetti, S., Miller, M. C., Mineo, T., Morelli, E., Morsink, S., Motch, C., Motta, S., Muñoz-Darias, T., Naletto, G., Neustroev, V., Nevalainen, J., Olive, J. F., Orio, M., Orlandini, M., Orleanski, P., Ozel, F., Pacciani, L., Paltani, S., Papadakis, I., Papitto, A., Patruno, A., Pellizzoni, A., Petráček, V., Petri, J., Petrucci, P. O., Phlips, B., Picolli, L., Possenti, A., Psaltis, D., Rambaud, D., Reig, P., Remillard, R., Rodriguez, J., Romano, P., Romanova, M., Schanz, T., Schmid, C., Segreto, A., Shearer, A., Smith, A., Smith, P. J., Soffitta, P., Stergioulas, N., Stolarski, M., Stuchlik, Z., Tiengo, A., Torres, D., Török, G., Turolla, R., Uttley, P., Vaughan, S., Vercellone, S., Waters, R., Watts, A., Wawrzaszek, R., Webb, N., Wilms, J., Zampieri, L., Zezas, A., Ziolkowski, J., Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, and Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)
- Subjects
Event horizon ,X-ray timing ,Mission ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,neutron stars ,T175 Industrial research. Research and development ,BINARIES ,Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia E Astrofisica ,ALICE ,SILICON DRIFT DETECTOR ,Observatory ,EQUATION ,neutron star ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Physics ,[SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE] ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Missions, X-ray timing, compact objects, black holes, neutron stars ,compact objects ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,PROPORTIONAL COUNTER ,[PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE] ,Active galactic nucleus ,Cosmic Vision ,X-ray astronomy ,high time variability ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,black holes ,Missions ,FOS: Physical sciences ,0103 physical sciences ,OSCILLATIONS ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Supermassive black hole ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Astronomy ,CONSTRAINTS ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Galaxy ,Black hole ,Neutron star ,Space and Planetary Science ,QB460-466 Astrophysics ,DISCOVERY ,BLACK-HOLE ,SUPERAGILE - Abstract
High-time-resolution X-ray observations of compact objects provide direct access to strong-field gravity, to the equation of state of ultra-dense matter and to black hole masses and spins. A 10 m^2-class instrument in combination with good spectral resolution is required to exploit the relevant diagnostics and answer two of the fundamental questions of the European Space Agency (ESA) Cosmic Vision Theme "Matter under extreme conditions", namely: does matter orbiting close to the event horizon follow the predictions of general relativity? What is the equation of state of matter in neutron stars? The Large Observatory For X-ray Timing (LOFT), selected by ESA as one of the four Cosmic Vision M3 candidate missions to undergo an assessment phase, will revolutionise the study of collapsed objects in our galaxy and of the brightest supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei. Thanks to an innovative design and the development of large-area monolithic Silicon Drift Detectors, the Large Area Detector (LAD) on board LOFT will achieve an effective area of ~12 m^2 (more than an order of magnitude larger than any spaceborne predecessor) in the 2-30 keV range (up to 50 keV in expanded mode), yet still fits a conventional platform and small/medium-class launcher. With this large area and a spectral resolution of, 29 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy
- Published
- 2012
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