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1. Animal-Borne Telemetry: An Integral Component of the Ocean Observing Toolkit

Author: Rob Harcourt, Ana M. M. Sequeira, Xuelei Zhang, Fabien Roquet, Kosei Komatsu, Michelle Heupel, Clive McMahon, Fred Whoriskey, Mark Meekan, Gemma Carroll, Stephanie Brodie, Colin Simpfendorfer, Mark Hindell, Ian Jonsen, Daniel P. Costa, Barbara Block, Mônica Muelbert, Bill Woodward, Mike Weise, Kim Aarestrup, Martin Biuw, Lars Boehme, Steven J. Bograd, Dorian Cazau, Jean-Benoit Charrassin, Steven J. Cooke, Paul Cowley, P. J. Nico de Bruyn, Tiphaine Jeanniard du Dot, Carlos Duarte, Víctor M. Eguíluz, Luciana C. Ferreira, Juan Fernández-Gracia, Kimberly Goetz, Yusuke Goto, Christophe Guinet, Mike Hammill, Graeme C. Hays, Elliott L. Hazen, Luis A. Hückstädt, Charlie Huveneers, Sara Iverson, Saifullah Arifin Jaaman, Kongkiat Kittiwattanawong, Kit M. Kovacs, Christian Lydersen, Tim Moltmann, Masaru Naruoka, Lachlan Phillips, Baptiste Picard, Nuno Queiroz, Gilles Reverdin, Katsufumi Sato, David W. Sims, Eva B. Thorstad, Michele Thums, Anne M. Treasure, Andrew W. Trites, Guy D. Williams, Yoshinari Yonehara, Mike A. Fedak, Department of Biological Sciences [North Ryde], Macquarie University, The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences [Australia], The University of Western Australia (UWA), First Institute of Oceanography [China], Equipe Physique de l'Ocean Austral (DMPA), Graduate School of Frontier Sciences [Kashiwa], The University of Tokyo, Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), University of Sydney Institute of Marine Science (USIMS), The University of Sydney, Ocean Tracking network, Dalhousie University, Australian Institute of Marine Science [Perth] (AIMS Perth), Environmental Research Division [USA], NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center [USA], James Cook University (JCU), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania (UTAS), LaSIGE [Lisboa], Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA)-Faculdade de Ciências, Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment [USA], Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, NOAA Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Naval Research [USA], National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), NERC Sea Mammal Research Unit (NERC Sea Mammal Research Unit), NERC, Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU), University of Saint Andrews, Lab-STICC_ENSTAB_CID_TOMS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Carleton University, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Department of Global Change Research, Institut Mediterrani d´Estudis Avançats (IMEDEA), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), CSIC-UIB, IFISC, CSIRO Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre [Australia], Instituto de Fısica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences [Australia], School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (University of California Santa Cruz), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Malaysia Institute of Oceanography, University of Malaysia, Phuket Marine Biological Center (PMBC), FRAM Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Integrated Marine Observing System, Aeronautical Technology Directorate [Japan], Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos/Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology [Portugal], Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Insitute of Polar Research, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Department of Oceanography and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Fisheries Centre (Marine Mammal Research Unit), University of British Columbia (UBC), Department of Marine Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Santa Cruz], Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews [Scotland], École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne), Sorbonne Université (SU), Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria, Red Sea Research Centre (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd [New Zealand], Marine Biological Association of the UK, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Universidade do Porto, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), National Research Foundation [South Africa] (NRF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidade do Porto = University of Porto
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:QH1-199.5, Home range, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Big data, Ocean Engineering, Aquatic Science, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, movement analysis, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Telemetry, Ecosystem, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, 14. Life underwater, Animal telemetry, lcsh:Science, Animal movement, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Remote sensing, Abiotic component, Global and Planetary Change, geography, ocean observing, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, Continental shelf, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, EOV, Sampling (statistics), animal movement, Habitat, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, business, animal telemetry
Abstract: International audience; Animal telemetry is a powerful tool for observing marine animals and the physical environments that they inhabit, from coastal and continental shelf ecosystems to polar seas and open oceans. Satellite-linked biologgers and networks of acoustic receivers allow animals to be reliably monitored over scales of tens of meters to thousands of kilometers, giving insight into their habitat use, home range size, the phenology of migratory patterns and the biotic and abiotic factors that drive their distributions. Furthermore, physical environmental variables can be collected using animals as autonomous sampling platforms, increasing spatial and temporal coverage of global oceanographic observation systems. The use of animal telemetry, therefore, has the capacity to provide measures from a suite of essential ocean variables (EOVs) for improved monitoring of Earth's oceans. Here we outline the design features of animal telemetry systems, describe current applications and their benefits and challenges, and discuss future directions. We describe new analytical techniques that improve our ability to not only quantify animal movements but to also provide a powerful framework for comparative studies across taxa. We discuss the application of animal telemetry and its capacity to collect biotic and abiotic data, how the data collected can be incorporated into ocean observing systems, and the role these data can play in improved ocean management.
Published: 2019

2. Space Use and Leadership Modify Dilution Effects on Optimal Vigilance under Food-Safety Trade-Offs

Author: Rémi Patin, Cédric Sueur, Simon Chamaillé-Jammes, Daniel Fortin, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Département de Biologie [Université Laval], Université Laval, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], and University of Pretoria [South Africa]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Trade offs, Space use, Spatial Behavior, Feeding Behavior, Group living, Food safety, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Leadership, Vigilance (behavioural ecology), Predatory Behavior, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animals, Social Behavior, business, Psychology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Demography
Abstract: International audience; Dilution of predation risk within groups allows individuals to be less vigilant and forage more while still facing lower risk than if they were alone. How group size influences vigilance when individuals can also adjust their space use and whether this relationship differs among individuals contributing differently to space use decisions remain unknown. We present a model-based study of how dilution affects the optimal antipredator behavior of group members in groups where all individuals determine their vigilance level while group leaders also determine space use. We showed that optimal vigilance did not always decrease with group size, as it was sometimes favorable for individuals in larger groups to use riskier patches while remaining vigilant. Followers were also generally less vigilant than leaders. Indeed, followers needed to acquire more resources than leaders, as only the latter could decide when to go to richer patches. Followers still benefit from dilution of predation risk compared with solitary individuals. For leaders, keeping their leadership status can be more important than incorporating new group members to increase dilution. We demonstrate that risk dilution impacts both optimal vigilance and space use, with fitness reward being tied to a member's ability to influence group space use.
Published: 2019

3. Habitat modelling of tracking data from multiple marine predators identifies important areas in the Southern Indian Ocean

Author: Azwianewi B. Makhado, Delia Davies, Marthán N Bester, Mia Wege, Stefan Schoombie, S. P. Kirkman, Michael D. Sumner, Ben J. Dilley, Robert J. M. Crawford, Simon Wotherspoon, Ben Raymond, Mark A. Hindell, Peter G. Ryan, P J Nico de Bruyn, Pierre A. Pistorius, Thomas Otto Whitehead, Ryan R. Reisinger, Kim L. Stevens, Cheryl Ann Tosh, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Antartic Wildlife Research Unit, School of Zoology, University of Tasmania, Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg], Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Tasmania (UTAS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Environmental change, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Subtropics, 15. Life on land, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Sea surface temperature, Geography, Habitat, 13. Climate action, Abundance (ecology), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Ecosystem, Marine protected area, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Aim: The distribution of marine predators is driven by the distribution and abundance of their prey; areas preferred by multiple marine predator species should therefore indicate areas of ecological significance. The Southern Ocean supports large populations of seabirds and marine mammals and is undergoing rapid environmental change. The management and conservation of these predators and their environment relies on understanding their distribution and its link with the biophysical environment, as the latter determines the distribution and abundance of prey. We addressed this issue using tracking data from 14 species of marine predators to identify important habitat. Location: Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean. Methods: We used tracking data from 538 tag deployments made over a decade at the Subantarctic Prince Edward Islands. For each real track, we simulated a set of pseudo‐tracks that allowed a presence‐availability habitat modelling approach that estimates an animal's habitat preference. Using model ensembles of boosted regression trees and random forests, we modelled these tracks as a response to a set of 17 environmental variables. We combined the resulting species‐specific models to evaluate areas of mean importance. Results: Real tracking locations covered 39.75 million km2, up to 7,813 km from the Prince Edward Islands. Areas of high mean importance were located broadly from the Subtropical Zone to the Polar Frontal Zone in summer and from the Subantarctic to Antarctic Zones in winter. Areas of high mean importance were best predicted by factors including wind speed, sea surface temperature, depth and current speed. Main conclusions: The models and predictions developed here identify important habitat of marine predators around the Prince Edward Islands and can support the large‐scale conservation and management of Subantarctic ecosystems and the marine predators they sustain. The results also form the basis of future efforts to predict the consequences of environmental change.
Published: 2018

4. Evolution, systematics and historical biogeography of Palparini and Palparidiini antlions (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae): Old origin and in situ diversification in Southern Africa

Author: Noémie M.‐C. Hévin, Gael. J. Kergoat, Anne‐Laure Clamens, Bruno Le Ru, Mervyn W. Mansell, Bruno Michel, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Poitiers, Evolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), ICIPE, Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Financial support was provided by CIRAD (for B. Michel), INRAE (for G.J. Kergoat), by IRD and ICIPE (for B. Le Ru). Some of the sequencing was also supported by the programme BdV (Project ICONE) supported by a joint CNRS, INRAE, and MNHN consortium and through a collaboration with F.L. Condamine (CNRS, UMR ISEM) as part of another research project.
Subjects: paleoendemism, historical biogeography, Insect Science, Southern Africa, systematics, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Afrotropics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, antlions, out of Africa
Abstract: Newly generated sequences were deposited in GenBank, and are registered with the following accession numbers: OQ581997–OQ582070(cob), OQ603605–OQ603608(18S), OQ606012–OQ606168(cox1), OQ624960–OQ625111(rrnL), OQ625113–OQ625252(rrnS) and OQ625254–OQ625279(28S) (see Table S2 for details).This study is dedicated to Dr. André Prost, who passed away on February 3, 2023. André Prost was a well-recognized Neuroptera specialist (former secretary of the International Association of Neuropterology), with a special interest for the West African fauna.Merwyn W.Mansell gratefully acknowledges the following organizations and people who contributed to research on antlion diversity in SouthernAfrica: Oppenheimer Generations Research and Conservation, the Tswalu Foundation, and Nicky, Jonathan and Strilli Oppenheimer ,who have actively encouraged and permitted Neuroptera research in their private reserves, Tswalu Kalahari Reserve and Rooipoort; Duncan MacFadyen (Oppenheimer Generations, Head Research and Con-servation), Dylan Smith (Tswalu Kalahari Reserve), who facilitated ourvisits and provided key specimens. Also, (i) the National Parks Boardof South Africa is acknowledged for permits enabling Neuroptera research in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park (now Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park), the Kruger National Park and Karoo National Park,and the staff of these parks who enabled the visits and provided valuable material: (L.E.O. Braack, A. Braack, H. Braack; Dr S. Joubert), (C.E.O., Kruger Park); (ii) Northern Cape Nature Conservation is thanked for providing permits for the northern Cape region; (iii) the KwaZulu-Natal Parks are acknowledged for permission to work on their reserves. Dr M.K. Seely, Director of the Namib Desert Research Station at Gobabeb is thanked for providing facilities and much scientifico-operation over the years; (iv) the Directorate of Nature Conservation and Recreational Resorts of Namibia are acknowledged for use offacilities at Gobabeb and permission to work in the Namib/NaukluftPark, many years ago. Professor Clarke H. Scholtz (University of Pretoria) is especially thanked for organizing many of the field trips thatprocured important material. Merwyn W. Mansell also gratefullyacknowledges the following people especially, for providing crucial specimens: J.B. Ball (University of Pretoria), A.K. (Tony) Brinkman, A.J.Gardiner, H. de Klerk, P. Hawkes, D.M. Kroon, W. Jubber, A.P. Marais,R.W. Mansell, L.R. Minter, R.G. Oberprieler, H.S Staude, R.D. Stephenand those mentioned in Mansell and Oswald (2023). The JRS Biodiversity Foundation and GBIF are sincerely thanked for funding M.W.Mansell’s Southern African Lacewing project, especially the development of the “Palpares Relational Database” designed by Brian Kenyon,which underpinned the accumulation and collation of much data usedin this presentation, for which he is gratefully acknowledged. Whileworking at icipe (African Insect Science for Food and Health), B. Le Rubenefited from research and collect permits delivered by the KenyaPlant Health Inspectorate Service (KEPHIS) (B. Le Ru thanks A. Kibe,B. Musyoka, L. Ngala, G. Okuku and G. Ong’amo) and the Plant Pro-tection Division of the Ministry of Agriculture of Botswana (B. Le Ru EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS OF PALPARINE ANTLIONS thanks C. Nyakumondiwa, R. Mutamisha and E. Moeng). Bruno Michel also thanks the following people for providing several interesting specimens: B.F. Jacobs (Southern Methodist University, USA), M.Martinez (INRAE) and J.-Y. Rasplus (INRAE). We gratefully acknowledge the late A. Prost for communicating important information on the genusNosa. We are also indebted to the following persons whogave us permission to use pictures they took: S. Akame, T. Cardenos,H. de Klerk, G. Kunz, D. Robertson, H. Robertson, H. Roland, W.Roland and A.T. Schoeman. Laboratory facilities were provided by CBGP in France. We are grateful to the Genotoul bioinformatics platform Toulouse Occitanie (Bioinfo Genotoul, https://doi.org/10.15454/1.5572369328961167E12) for providing help and/or computing and/or storage resources.; International audience; Palparine and palparidiine antlions constitute an emblematic clade of large and occasionally colourful insects that are only distributed in the western portion of the Eastern hemisphere, with about half of the known species diversity occurring exclusively in Southern Africa. Little is known about their evolutionary history, and the boundaries and relationships of most genera are still unresolved. In this study, we analyse a molecular dataset consisting of seven loci (five mitochondrial and two nuclear genes) for 144 antlion species and provide the first phylogenetic hypothesis for a representative sampling of Palparini and Palparidiini (62 Palparini species, representing 15 of the 17 known genera, and all three known Palparidiini species). In addition, we reconstruct their timing of diversification and historical biogeography. The resulting tree indicates that several extant palparine genera are polyphyletic or paraphyletic and provides interesting leads that ought to be helpful for future taxonomic revisions; it also enables us to re-evaluate the taxonomic utility and relevancy of a number of morphological characters that were previously used to define some genera. Molecular dating analyses indicate that the most recent common ancestor of both groups originated about 92 million years ago (Ma) in the Late Cretaceous. Finally, the results of historical biogeography analyses provide strong support for an origin in Southern Africa, which further acted as both a cradle of diversification and a springboard for successive waves of northern dispersals.
Published: 2023

5. Combined stomach content, lipid and stable isotope analyses reveal spatial and trophic partitioning among three sympatric albatrosses from the Southern Ocean

Author: Christopher D. McQuaid, Malcolm J. Smale, Yves Cherel, Maëlle Connan, Bo T Bonnevie, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Information Technology Division, Port Elizabeth Museum at Bayworld, Zoology Department, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University [Port Elizabeth, South Africa], Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Spatial segregation, Foraging, Moulting period, Breeding season, Aquatic Science, Biology, Trophic segregation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Phoebetria palpebrata, Phoebetria, Thalassarche chrysostoma, Seasonal breeder, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Niche differentiation, biology.organism_classification, Sympatric speciation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Phoebetria fusca
Abstract: International audience; A combination of dietary techniques that integrate data on food and feeding habits over days, weeks and months was used to investigate resource partitioning among 3 sympatric albatrosses, namely the grey-headed Thalassarche chrysostoma (GHA), light-mantled sooty Phoebetria palpebrata (LMSA) and sooty Phoebetria fusca (SA) albatrosses. These medium-size albatrosses typically breed every 2 yr, and Marion Island (southern Indian Ocean) is the only breeding site where the 3 species are accessible. Stomach content analysis provided dietary information about the most recent meal, analysis of fatty acids in stomach oils about the last foraging trip, and carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values of blood and feathers about the chick-rearing (breeding) and moulting periods, respectively. The combination of techniques highlighted a complex pattern regarding the spatial and trophic segregation between the 3 species. During both seasons, SA were spatially segregated from LMSA and GHA, foraging farther north (in subantarctic and subtropical areas) than the 2 other species (subantarctic and Antarctic waters). When feeding for themselves during the breeding season (blood isotopic signatures), adults showed a clear spatial segregation. When bringing back food for their chicks (stomach contents), trophic segregation became obvious, with the 2 Phoebetria species specializing mostly on squids. The results illustrate how sympatrically breeding birds can show niche partitioning through both spatial segregation and prey specialization.
Published: 2014

6. Trophic overlap between sexes in the dimorphic African black oystercatcher foraging on an alien mussel

Author: Kohler, Sophie, Connan, Maëlle, Kolasinski, Joanna, Cherel, Yves, Mcquaid, Christopher D., Jaquemet, Sébastien, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine (ECOMAR), Université de La Réunion (UR), Department of Zoology and Entomology, Zoology and Entomology and Botany, Rhodes University, IRD - Botany Department, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Rhodes University, Grahamstown, and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Haematopus moquini, trophic ecology, South Africa, Mytilus galloprovincialis, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, stable isotopes, sexual differences
Abstract: International audience; Sex-specific feeding segregation related to sexual bill dimorphism has been described in several oystercatcher species, including the African black oystercatcher. For the latter, studies concerned only a small number of breeding pairs and were done prior the invasion of the South African rocky shores by the Mediterranean mussel, which is believed to have benefited oystercatchers by increasing overall biomass. Here, we investigated geographic variability in the segregation of diet, biometrics and body condition between sexes in the African species, in relation to changes in foraging habitats along the South African coastline, using stable isotope analyses. Males and females and their potential prey (mussels, limpets, polychaetes and ascidians) were sampled on the southern African west, south-west and south-east coasts for stable isotope analyses and biometrics and body conditions of birds were measured. Bill dimorphism occurred throughout the study area and south-west males had lower body conditions than other males and females in general. Sexes displayed little differences in their δ13C ratios and in the relative consumption of the different prey throughout the study area, except on the south-east coast where males were slightly depleted in 13C relative to females and the most abundant prey elsewhere (the Mediterranean mussel) is rare. Females were slightly but significantly enriched in 15N by 0.3‰ compared to their breeding partners and this did not link clearly to differences in diet.We argue that the combined effect of biogeographic variations in rocky shores diversity and biomass, heterogeneous invasion by the Mediterranean mussel on the South African coastline and bill dimorphism may have altered the sex-specific feeding behaviour of oystercatchers differently between coastal regions and possibly had an additional cost for male oystercatchers faced with lower prey biomass and diversity on the south-west coast.
Published: 2014

7. A global analysis of molecular markers and phenotypic traits in local chicken breeds in Taiwan

Author: Chang, Chi-Shen, Chen, C.F., Berthouly-Salazar, C., Chazara, O., Lee, Y.P., Chang, C.M., Chang, K.H., Bed'Hom, Bertrand, Tixier-Boichard, Michèle, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Department of Animal Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Centre for Invasion Biology, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections and Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, microsatellite, melanocortin 1 receptor, body weight, mitochondrial dna, local chicken, major histocompatibility complex, immune response
Abstract: Chantier qualité GA; Molecular and phenotypic data have been combined to characterize the genetic diversity of six local chicken breeds maintained with a long-term conservation programme. Hua-Tung, Hsin-Yi, Ju-Chi and Quemoy originated from Taiwan, Shek-Ki is from South China, and Nagoya is from Japan. Molecular tools included 24 microsatellite markers, melanocortin 1 receptor (alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor) (MC1R), the LEI0258 marker located within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and mitochondrial DNA. Performance was recorded on the same individuals for body weight, panting rate in summer and antibody response (antigens: Newcastle disease virus and sheep red blood cells). A multivariate method previously proposed for taxonomy was used to combine the different data sets. Melanocortin 1 receptor (alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor) and the MCW330 marker contributed the most to the first axis of the multiple coinertia analysis of molecular markers. Melanocortin 1 receptor (alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor) showed evidence of selection, probably related to its effect on feather colour. The MHC exhibited a large diversity, with 16 alleles of the LEI0258 marker. Immune response traits contributed the most to the principal component analysis of phenotypic data. Eight mitochondrial DNA haplotypes related to clades A, B, C and E were distributed across breeds and revealed an important contribution of Indian and European breeds to Ju-Chi, Quemoy and Hsin-Yi. Phenotypic data contributed less than molecular data to the combined analysis, and two markers, LEI0258 and LEI0228, contributed the most. The combined analysis could clearly discriminate all breeds, except Ju-Chi, which was similar to Quemoy for many criteria, except immune response.
Published: 2012

8. How many species in the Southern Ocean? Towards a dynamic inventory of the Antarctic marine species

Author: De Broyer, Claude, Danis, Bruno, Allcock, Louise, Angel, Martin, Arango, Claudia, Artois, Tom, Barnes, David, Bartsch, Ilse, Bester, Marthan, Blachowiak-Samolyk, Kasia, Blazewicz, Magda, Bohn, Jens, Brandt, Angelika, Brandao, Simone Nunes, David, Bruno, de Salas, Miguel, Downey, Rachel, Eleaume, Marc, Emig, Christian, Fautin, Daphne, George, Kai-Horst, Gillan, David, Gooday, Andrew, Hopcroft, Russ, Jangoux, Michel, Janussen, Dorte, Koubbi, Philippe, Kouwenberg, Juliana, Kuklinski, Piotr, Ligowski, Ryszard, Lindsay, Dhugal, Linse, Katrin, Longshaw, Matt, Lopez-Gonzalez, Pablo, Patrick, Martin, Munilla, Tomas, Muehlenhardt-Siegel, Ute, Neuhaus, Birger, Norenburg, Jon, Ozouf-Costaz, Catherine, Pakhomov, Evgeny, Perrin, William, Petryashov, Victor, Pena-Cantero, Alvaro L, Piatkowski, Uwe, Pierrot-Bults, Annelies, Rocka, Anna, Saiz-Salinas, Jose, Salvini-Plawen, Luitfried, Scarabino, Victor, Schiaparelli, Stefano, Schroedl, Michael, Schwabe, Enrico, Scott, Fiona, Sicinski, Jacek, Siegel, Volker, Smirnov, Igor, Thatje, Sven, Utevsky, Andrei, Vanreusel, Ann, Wiencke, Christian, Woehler, Eric, Zdzitowiecki, Krzysztof, Zeidler, Wolfgang, Department of Invertebrates, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences ( RBINS ), Martin Ryan Marine Science Institute, National University of Ireland [Galway] ( NUI Galway ), Comité français d'histoire de la géologie ( COFRHIGEO ), Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Epilepsy Centre, University Hospital Freiburg, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Université des Antilles ( UA ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), BrachNet, National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] ( NOC ), University of Southampton [Southampton], Sektion Marine Evertebraten I, Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Juliana Children's Hospital, Haga Teaching Hospital, Natural History Museum, Institute of Oceanology, Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Biodiversidad y Ecología de Invertebrados Marinos, Departamento de Fisiología y Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Laboratorio de Zoologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] ( UAB ), Biology education, University of Munich, Systématique, adaptation, évolution ( SAE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] ( GEOMAR ), Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences ( DISTAV ), Universita degli studi di Genova, Ocean and Earth Science, Marine Biology Department, Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies ( IMAS ), University of Tasmania, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles ( I.R.Sc.N.B. ), Biologie des Eaux Douces, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Department of Zoology [Galway], Martin Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway)-National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Comité français d'histoire de la géologie (COFRHIGEO), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Haga Teaching Hospital [Hague], The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Systématique, adaptation, évolution (SAE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), Ocean and Earth Science [Southampton], University of Southampton-National Oceanography Centre (NOC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles (I.R.Sc.N.B.), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), and Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Species complex, Biodiversity, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Biology, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Information system, Taxonomic impediment, Species inventory, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Southern Ocean, Taxonomy, Barcoding, [ SDV.BID ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Global change, 15. Life on land, Taxon, Habitat, Antarctic, Cybertaxonomy, Global biodiversity
Abstract: 13 pages; International audience; The IPY sister-projects CAML and SCAR-MarBIN provided a timely opportunity, a strong collaborative framework and an appropriate momentum to attempt assessing the “Known, Unknown and Unknowable” of Antarctic marine biodiversity. To allow assessing the known biodiversity, SCAR-MarBIN “Register of Antarctic Marine Species (RAMS)” was compiled and published by a panel of 64 taxonomic experts. Thanks to this outstanding expertise mobilized for the first time, an accurate list of more than 8100 valid species was compiled and an up-to-date systematic classification comprising more than 16,800 taxon names was established. This taxonomic information is progressively and systematically completed by species occurrence data, provided by literature, taxonomic and biogeographic databases, new data from CAML and other cruises, and museum collections. RAMS primary role was to establish a benchmark of the present taxonomic knowledge of the Southern Ocean biodiversity, particularly important in the context of the growing realization of potential impacts of the global change on Antarctic ecosystems. This, in turn, allowed detecting gaps in knowledge, taxonomic treatment and coverage, and estimating the importance of the taxonomic impediment, as well as the needs for more complete and efficient taxonomic tools. A second, but not less important, role of RAMS was to contribute to the “taxonomic backbone” of the SCAR-MarBIN, OBIS and GBIF networks, to establish a dynamic information system on Antarctic marine biodiversity for the future. The unknown part of the Southern Ocean biodiversity was approached by pointing out what remains to be explored and described in terms of geographical locations and bathymetric zones, habitats, or size classes of organisms. The growing importance of cryptic species is stressed, as they are more and more often detected by molecular studies in several taxa. Relying on RAMS results and on some case studies of particular model groups, the question of the potential number of species that remains to be discovered in the Southern Ocean is discussed.In terms of taxonomic inputs to the census of Southern Ocean biodiversity, the current rate of progress in inventorying the Antarctic marine species as well as the state of taxonomic resources and capacity were assessed. Different ways of improving the taxonomic inputs are suggested.
Published: 2011

9. Geographic variation in the trophic ecology of an avian rocky shore predator, the African black oystercatcher, along the southern African coastline

Author: Jessica Kemper, Bo T Bonnevie, Sébastien Jaquemet, Cécile Mablouké, Jaclyn M. Hill, Maëlle Connan, Christopher D. McQuaid, Johan Huisamen, Leslie G. Underhill, Sophie Kohler, Yves Cherel, Katrin Ludynia, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine (ECOMAR), Université de La Réunion (UR), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Information Technology Division, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Animal Demography Unit, University of Cape Town, African Penguin Conservation Project, CapeNature, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine ( ECOMAR ), Université de la Réunion ( UR ), Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé ( CEBC ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, animal structures, Shorebirds, Intertidal zone, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Haematopus moquini, Rocky shore, Oystercatcher, Mussels, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Apex predator, Trophic level, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Stable isotope mixing model, Food web, Fishery, Biogeography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Limpets, δ13C, Upwelling, δ15N
Abstract: International audience; The reflection of baseline isotopic signals along marine food chains up to higher trophic levels has been widely used in the study of oceanic top predators but rarely for intertidal predators. We investigated variation in the δ13C and δ15N ratios of a sedentary, rocky shore predator, the African black oystercatcher Haematopus moquini, over ~2000 km of the southern African coastline, which is characterized by strong biogeographic patterns in primary productivity and intertidal communities. Blood and feathers from breeding adults and chicks and muscle tissues from primary prey items (mussels and limpets) were sampled between southern Namibia and the southeast coast of South Africa. 15N enrichment was observed between the southeast and west coasts in oystercatcher tissues and their prey, mirroring an isotope shift between the oligotrophic Agulhas Current on the east coast and the eutrophic Benguela upwelling system on the west coast. Oystercatcher blood showed δ13C values that varied between those of the carbon-depleted mussels and the carbon-enriched limpets along the coastline, which reflected changes in the proportion of grazers and filter feeders in the oystercatcher diet across the sampling range. The geographic shift in diet, dominated by mussels on the west coast and composed of mixed proportions of mussels and limpets on the southeast coasts, strongly reflected regionally high abundances of the invasive Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Finally, isotope signatures of blood and feathers displayed a strong correlation throughout the study area, indicating seasonal stability in environmental conditions and feeding habits of the adults. There were, however, local discrepancies on the south coast that indicated movement of adults occurred outside the breeding season possibly in response to a lower abundance of food in this region. Overall, the results indicate that the influence of regional oceanic conditions on the base of the food web can penetrate to the predator level, but that local effects can be incorporated within this pattern.
Published: 2011

10. Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) can improve soil hydrological properties

Author: Clarke H. Scholtz, Séraphine Grellier, Jacqueline Brown, Jean-Louis Janeau, Pascal Podwojewski, DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY AND ENTOMOLOGY, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology University of KwaZulu-Natal, PB X01, Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Runoff, Soil biology, Soil Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Paracoprid, Animal science, Water content, 2. Zero hunger, Scarabaeidae, Ecology, biology, Moisture, Infiltration, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, beetles, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Bulk density, Infiltration (hydrology), Erosion, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Land degradation, Surface runoff
Abstract: Although dung beetles are known to perform a multitude of ecosystem services, their effects on water infiltration, runoff, porosity, moisture and erosion of soil have never been thoroughly researched. Maintenance of these hydrological properties is important in agro-ecosystem functioning where overgrazing results in negative impacts on the soil. The study site was located in the Potshini catchment in Kwazulu-Natal (South Africa), an area heavily grazed by livestock. We conducted two rainfall simulations on three 1 m(-2) control (no dung) and six dung-treated plots in December 2008, and repeated the study in June 2009 on the same plots. Natural populations of dung beetles were allowed to colonise the dung. Simulations were conducted for 30 min at an intensity of 30 mm h(-1). Key variables calculated were pre-runoff amounts (Pi), infiltration ratios (Ki), and soil losses. Samples were collected for bulk density determination during the same time periods in order to measure differences in porosity and moisture in control and dung-treated plots at different depths. Using multivariate statistics we found significant differences between dung-treated and control plots in three of four simulations. After 48 h of beetle activity, Pi and Ki values were significantly increased and remained at elevated levels six months later. Soil losses were initially higher in dung-treated plots than controls, but had declined to less than control values after six months. Bulk density in the A-horizon (0-10 cm) was significantly reduced after 48 h of beetle activity and remained so for six months. No difference in bulk density was observed at greater depths. Soil moisture initially increased significantly in the A-horizon, as well as at 20 and 30 cm depths after six months of activity. We conclude that dung beetles positively influence hydrological properties of the soil by increasing water infiltration and soil porosity, and reducing surface water runoff. Contrasting effects on soil losses are problematic to reconcile from this study. High losses initially observed may be offset in the long-term by reductions associated with the increased infiltration ratios, though this remains to be confirmed.
Published: 2010

11. A whale of a plastic tale: A plea for interdisciplinary studies to tackle micro- and nanoplastic pollution in the marine realm

Author: Seuront, Laurent, Zardi, Gerardo I., Uguen, Marine, Bouchet, Vincent M.P., Delaeter, Camille, Henry, Solène, Spilmont, Nicolas, Nicastro, Katy, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Centro de Ciências do Mar [Faro] (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Department of Marine Resources and Energy, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Centre of Marine Sciences [Faro] (CCMAR), University of Algarve [Portugal], Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 [LOG], Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology [TUMSAT], and Centro de Ciências do Mar [Faro] [CCMAR]
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Polymers, Anthropogenic pollution, Microplastics, Whales, Interdisciplinarity, Leachate, Interdisciplinary Studies, Toxicity assay, Pollution, Analytical chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Humans, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Waste Management and Disposal, Plastics, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: Plastic is one of the most ubiquitous sources of both contamination and pollution of the Anthropocene, and accumulates virtually everywhere on the planet. As such, plastic threatens the environment, the economy and human well-being globally. The related potential threats have been identified as a major global conservation issue and a key research priority. Asa consequence, plastic pollution has become one of the most prolific fields of research in research areas including chemistry, physics, oceanography, biology, ecology, ecotoxicology, molecular biology, sociology, economy, conservation, management, and even politics. In this context, one may legitimately expect plastic pollution research to be highly interdisciplinary. However, using the emerging topic of microplastic and nanoplastic leachate (i.e., the desorption of molecules that are adsorbed onto the surface of a polymer and/or absorbed into the polymer matrix in the absence of plastic ingestion) in the ocean as a case study, we argue that this is still far from being the case. Instead, we highlight that plastic pollution research rather seems to remain structured in mostly isolated monodisciplinary studies. A plethora of analytical methods arc now available to qualify and quantify plastic monomers, polymers and the related additives. We nevertheless show though a survey of the literature that most studies addressing the effects of leachates on marine organisms essentially still lack of a quantitative assessment of the chemical nature and content of both plastic items and their leachates. In the context of the ever-increasing research effort devoted to assess the biological and ecological effects of plastic waste, we subsequently argue that the lack of a true interdisciplinary approach is likely to hamper the development of this research field. We finally introduce a roadmap for future research which has to evolve through the development of a sound and systematic ability to chemically define what we biologically compare. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2022

12. Habitat model forecasts suggest potential redistribution of marine predators in the southern Indian Ocean

Author: Stefan Schoombie, Delia Davies, Stephen P. Kirkman, Stuart Corney, Mia Wege, Ari S. Friedlaender, Ben Raymond, Cédric Cotté, P J Nico de Bruyn, Michael D. Sumner, Kim L. Stevens, Amanda T. Lombard, Ben J. Dilley, Yan Ropert-Coudert, T. Otto Whitehead, Marthán N Bester, Pierre A. Pistorius, Cheryl Ann Tosh, Ryan R. Reisinger, Mark A. Hindell, Robert J. M. Crawford, Peter G. Ryan, Simon Wotherspoon, Azwianewi B. Makhado, School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Institute for Marine Sciences [California, USA], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies and Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Institute for Coastal Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Fisheries Research and Development, Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence - Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology [South Africa], Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University [Port Elizabeth, South Africa], Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Agriculture [Australia], Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, 7050, Australia, Research Office, Faculty of Health Sciences [South Africa], Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Institute for Coastal and Marine Research and Department of Zoology [South Africa], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Nelson Mandela University [Port Elizabeth], and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, projection, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, distribution, 14. Life underwater, Southern Ocean, marine mammals, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, Redistribution (cultural anthropology), prediction, 15. Life on land, Indian ocean, Oceanography, climate change, Habitat, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, seabirds
Abstract: Aim: Climate change will likely lead to a significant redistribution of biodiversity in marine ecosystems. We examine the potential redistribution of a community of marine predators by comparing current and future habitat distribution projections. We examine relative changes among species, indicative of potential future community-level changes and consider potential consequences of these changes for conservation and management. Location: Southern Indian Ocean. Methods: We used tracking data from 14 species (10 seabirds, 3 seals and 1 cetacean, totalling 538 tracks) to model the habitat selection of predators around the Prince Edward Islands. Using random forest classifiers, we modelled habitat selection as a response to a static environmental covariate and nine dynamic environmental covariates obtained from eight IPCC-class climate models. To project the potential distribution of the predators in 2071–2100, we used climate model outputs assuming two greenhouse gas emission scenarios: RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5.Results: Analogous climates are projected to predominantly shift to the southeast and southwest. Species’ potential range shifts varied in direction and magnitude, but overall shifted slightly to the southwest. Despite the variable shifts among species, current species co-occurrence patterns and future projections were statistically similar. Our projections show that at least some important habitats will shift out of national waters and marine protected areas by 2100, but important habitat area will increase in the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources Area. Predicted areas of common use among predators decreased north of the islands and increased to the south, suggesting that multiple predator species may use southerly habitats more intensively in the future. Consequently, Southern Ocean management authorities could implement conservation actions to partially offset these shifts. Main conclusions: Overall, we predict that marine predator biodiversity in the southern Indian Ocean will be redistributed, with ecological, conservation and management implications.
Published: 2022

13. Spatial-Temporal Movements of Free Ranging Pigs at the Wildlife-Livestock Interface of Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda: Potential of Disease Control at a Local Scale

Author: Payne, Ariane, Ogweng, Peter, Stahl, Karl, Masembe, Charles, Jori, Ferran, Makerere University [Kampala, Ouganda] (MAK), National Veterinary Institute [Uppsala] (SVA), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], and This study was financed by APHIS (US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, APHIS Agreement No. 13-7440-0989-GR) Wellcome trust (Grant 105684/Z/14/Z) and French Embassy in Uganda (Convention de subvention 10/10/2016. Appui CIRAD 185UGA0079)
Subjects: homestead, pig diseases, General Veterinary, GPS harness, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], home range, Veterinary Science, African swine fever, pig farming, Original Research, biosecurity
Abstract: International audience; In many Ugandan rural communities, pigs are generally kept under traditional smallholder systems without basic biosecurity measures in place. In some instances, these systems are at the livestock-wildlife interface, as it is the case in Nwoya district, which is bordered by Murchison Falls National Park (MFNP). This pig system has potential for the maintenance and transmission of pathogens like African swine fever (ASF) between different herds, and also with wild pigs (warthogs and bushpigs). In this paper, we describe the spatial and temporal pattern of the movements of free ranging domestic pigs in a rural setting in Northern Uganda where ASF is endemic. We also determine their use of habitat to highlight the potential interaction hotspots between domestic pigs and between domestic and wild pig populations. We fitted 10 free-ranging domestic pigs owned by different homesteads with GPS harnesses during rainy and dry seasons. The pig home range, daily distance, activity pattern and habitat use were calculated. Our results show that the maximum area covered (MCP 100%) by the pigs varied between 35,965 and 475,077 m 2 . The core area varied from 1,317 to 50,769 m 2 . The pigs' home ranges were significantly bigger during the dry season than during the rainy season (Wilcoxon test, W = 22, p = 0.04). The mean full day (24 h) distance was longer in the dry season than in the rainy season (Student test, t = 2.7, p = 0.03). The pigs were mostly located within their own homestead, but they also used other homesteads, grass and crop fields. This study highlights that free-ranging domestic pigs may cover a wide area, especially during the dry season. Interestingly, the home range of pigs from different herds may overlap with areas used by wild pigs which share crops and other resources in this area. This study provides insights into a better understanding of the potential for spread of diseases such as ASF at small-scale and can be used to raise awareness of such risks and to better target implementation of preventive measures.
Published: 2021

14. Inter‐Group Social Behavior, Contact Patterns and Risk for Pathogen Transmission in Cape Buffalo Populations

Author: Wielgus, Elodie, Caron, Alexandre, Bennitt, Emily, de Garine‐wichatitsky, Michel, Cain, Bradley, Fritz, Herve, Miguel, Eve, Cornélis, Daniel, Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Eduardo Mondlane, Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), University of Botswana, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine [Kasetsart University, Thaïlande], Kasetsart University (KU)-Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Reconciling Ecological and Human Adaptations for a Biosphere-based Sustainability (REHABS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University [Port Elizabeth, South Africa], Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre de Recherche en Ecologie et Evolution de la Santé (CREES), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], The project was implemented under the framework of the Research Platform 'Production and Conservation in Partnership' (RP-PCP) and within the framework of the AHEAD initiative. This research was funded by CIRAD, South African National Parks, Veterinary Services in South Africa's Department of Agriculture, the Ministere Francais des Affaires Etrangeres through the French Embassy in Zimbabwe, the Francois Sommer Foundation (Paris), J. and M. Bennitt, the Dulverton Trust, H. Ferguson, I. Fuhr, R. Fuhr, D. Hawk, Idea Wild, the North of England Zoological Society, the Roberts Fund, and Wilderness Safaris Wildlife Trust., Reconciling Ecological and Human Adaptations for Biosphere Sustainability (REHABS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nelson Mandela University [Port Elizabeth], Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: contact patterns, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], home range, Comportement de groupe, dyadic interactions, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Agent pathogène, télémétrie, parasitic diseases, Brucellose, Syncerus caffer caffer, Transmission des maladies, disease transmission, seasonality, telemetry, Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift, Comportement social, Vecteur de maladie, southern Africa, Écologie animale, L20 - Écologie animale, Comportement animal, geographic locations
Abstract: International audience; In social species, the transmission and maintenance of infectious diseases depends on the contact patterns between individuals within groups and on the interactions between groups. In southern Africa, the Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) is a vector for many pathogens that can infect sympatric livestock. Although intragroup contact patterns of Cape buffalo have been relatively well described, how groups interact with each other and risks for pathogen transmission remain poorly understood. We identified and compared spatial behavior and contact patterns between neighboring groups of Cape buffalo under contrasting environments: within the seasonally flooded environment of the Okavango Delta in Botswana and the semi-arid environment of northern Kruger National Park in South Africa. We used telemetry data collected between 2007 and 2015 from 10 distinct groups. We estimated seasonal overlap and proximity between home ranges of pairwise neighboring groups, and we quantified seasonal contact patterns between these groups. We defined contact patterns within variable spatiotemporal windows compatible with the transmission of diseases carried by the Cape buffalo: bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, and Rift Valley fever (mosquito-borne transmission). We examined the effects of habitat and distance to water on contact location. In both study populations, neighboring buffalo groups were highly spatially segregated in the dry and rainy seasons. Inter-group contact patterns were characterized by very few direct and short-term indirect (within 0-2 days) contacts, lasting on average 1 hour and 2 hours, respectively. Contact patterns were generally consistent across populations and seasons, suggesting species-specific behavior. In the drier study site, the probability of indirect and vector-borne contacts generally decreased during the dry season with increasing distance to water. In the seasonally flooded area, only the probability of vector-borne contact decreased with increasing distance to water. Our results highlight the importance of dry season water availability in influencing the dynamics of indirectly transmitted Cape buffalo pathogens but only in areas with low water availability. The results from this study have important implications for future modeling of pathogen dynamics in a single host, and the ecology and management of Cape buffalo at the landscape level.
Published: 2021

15. Female Seals that Breed Young Also Enjoy a Slower Rate of Aging

Author: Marthán N Bester, W. Chris Oosthuizen, Roger Pradel, P J Nico de Bruyn, Guillaume Péron, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Mammal Research Institute - Department Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria (UPSpace), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 05 social sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 050301 education, General Medicine, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 0503 education, 01 natural sciences, Breed, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Demography
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

16. Ecology of Moroteuthopsis longimana at the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands, revealed through stable isotope analysis of squid beaks

Author: A. van Tonder, Miguel Guerreiro, Yves Cherel, José C. Xavier, Nico Lübcker, Pjn de Bruyn, Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Laboratório Marítimo da Guia MARE [Portugal], Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Cephalopods, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Foraging, Albatross, Aquatic Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Thalassarche chrysostoma, 14. Life underwater, Southern Ocean, Stableisotope analysis, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Isotope analysis, Trophic level, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, δ15N, biology.organism_classification, Moroteuthopsis longimana, Crustacean, Prince Edward Islands, Habitat, Ontogeny, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Understanding the underlying ecological factors that affect the distribution patterns of organisms is vital for their conservation. Cephalopods such as giant warty squids Moroteuthopsis longimana are important in the diets of marine predators, including grey-headed albatrosses Thalassarche chrysostoma, yet our understanding of their habitat and trophic ecology remains limited. We investigated the habitat and trophic niche utilised by M. longimana through the δ13C and δ15N profiles captured in their beaks. M. longimana beaks were collected around grey-headed albatross nests at the Prince Edward Islands during 2004 and 2013 (n = 40 beaks). The results showed distinctly Antarctic distributions (δ13C = -24.0 ± 1.0‰, mean ± SD) for M. longimana, consistent with albatrosses foraging at the Southwest Indian Ridge, as opposed to broader foraging zones utilised by albatrosses from Îles Crozet and Îles Kerguelen. Slightly lower δ15N values (5.4 ± 0.7‰) were found compared to other islands in the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean, which may indicate more crustaceans in the squid diets. Sequential sampling along the lateral walls of individual beaks (n = 4) revealed ontogenetic shifts in δ13C and δ15N values, but individual variation in these shifts requires further investigation.
Published: 2021

17. African elephants can detect water from natural and artificial sources via olfactory cues

Author: Matthew Wood, Simon Chamaillé-Jammes, Adrian M. Shrader, Almuth Hammerbacher, Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa]-University of Pretoria [South Africa], Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), ANR-16-CE02-0001,LANDTHIRST,Les paysages de la soif: changement climatique et ajustements comportementaux face au manque d'eau(2016), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, smell of water, 0303 health sciences, 2-methylisoborneol, Ecology, Water source, dimethyl sulphide, Olfactory cues, surface water, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Geosmin, Natural (archaeology), 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, volatile organic compounds, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, geosmin, 2-Methylisoborneol, Surface water, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience; Water is vital for mammals. Yet, as ephemeral sources can be difficult to find, it raises the question, how do mammals locate water? Elephants (Loxodonta africana) are waterdependent herbivores that possess exceptional olfactory capabilities, and it has been suggested that they may locate water via smell. However, there is no evidence to support this claim. To explore this, we performed two olfactory choice experiments with semi-tame elephants. In the first, we tested whether elephants could locate water using olfactory cues alone. For this, we used water from two natural dams and a drinking trough utilised by the elephants. Distilled water acted as a control. In the second, we explored whether elephants could detect three key volatile organic compounds (VOCs) commonly associated with water (geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol, and dimethyl sulphide). We found that the elephants could locate water olfactorily, but not the distilled water. Moreover, they were also able to detect the three VOCs associated with water. However, these VOCs were not in the odour profiles of the water sources in our experiments. This suggests that the elephants were either able to detect the unique odour profiles of the different water sources or used other VOCs that they associate with water. Ultimately, our findings indicate that elephants can locate water olfactorily at small spatial scales, but the extent to which they, and other mammals, can detect water over larger scales (e.g. km) remains unclear.
Published: 2021

18. Tracking of marine predators to protect Southern Ocean ecosystems

Author: Marthán N Bester, Birgitte I. McDonald, Karine Delord, Ben Raymond, Jaimie Cleeland, Steven L. Chown, Jean-Benoît Charrassin, Daniel P. Costa, Norman Ratcliffe, Michael E. Goebel, Henri Weimerskirch, Bruno Danis, Rachael Alderman, Simon D. Goldsworthy, Akiko Kato, Keith W. Nicholls, Peter G. Ryan, Nick Gales, Luciano Dalla Rosa, Andrew D. Lowther, Pierre A. Pistorius, Rochelle Constantine, P J Nico de Bruyn, Christian Lydersen, Mike Double, Jefferson T. Hinke, Stuart Corney, Arnaud Tarroux, Kieran Lawton, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Colin Southwell, Kerstin Jerosch, Silvia Olmastroni, Richard A. Phillips, Dominik A Nachtsheim, David R. Thompson, Robert J. M. Crawford, Ian D. Jonsen, Kimberly T. Goetz, Mary-Anne Lea, José C. Xavier, Sébastien Descamps, Charles-André Bost, Michael A. Fedak, Grant Ballard, Robert Harcourt, Mônica M. C. Muelbert, Klemens Pütz, Christophe Guinet, Simon Wotherspoon, Kit M. Kovacs, Iain J. Staniland, Leigh G. Torres, Luis A. Hückstädt, Phil O'b. Lyver, Ari S. Friedlaender, Arnoldus Schytte Blix, Azwianewi B. Makhado, Mercedes Santos, Roger Kirkwood, Peter L. Boveng, John L. Bengtson, Erling S. Nordøy, Barbara Wienecke, Mark A. Hindell, Ryan R. Reisinger, Wayne Z. Trivelpiece, Joachim Plötz, Knowles Kerry, Ben Arthur, Akinori Takahashi, Virginia Andrews-Goff, Horst Bornemann, M. E. I. Marquez, Clive R. McMahon, Gerald L. Kooyman, Anton Van de Putte, Ewan D. Wakefield, Lars Boehme, Philip N. Trathan, Louise Emmerson, Antarctic Wildlife Research Unit, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), CESAB-FRB [France], Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (University of California Santa Cruz), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Santa Cruz], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), School of Biological Sciences [Victoria, Australia] (Monash University), Monash University [Victoria, Australia], Marine Biology Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University (OSU), BEDIC, OD Nature [Brussels, Belgium], Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences [Belgium], Department of Primary Industries [Australia], Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, PRBO Conservation Science, Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT), Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews [Scotland], School of Biological Sciences [Auckland, New Zealand], University of Auckland [Auckland], Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE-CRC), Department of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries [South Africa] (Oceans and Coasts), Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha [Rio Grande, Brazil], Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Norvegian Polar Research Institute (NPRI), Norwegian Polar Institute, Institute of Marine Sciences, Long Marine Laboratory, South Australian Research and Development Institute [Australia], Department of Biological Sciences [North Ryde], Macquarie University, Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Marine Fisheries Service, Scholander Hall, Scripps Institution of Oceanography [CA, USA], Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), FRAM Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Instituto Antartico Argentino, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories [CA, USA] (San José State University), San Jose State University [San Jose] (SJSU), University of Sydney Institute of Marine Science (USIMS), The University of Sydney, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), University of Tromsø (UiT), Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali 'G. Sarfatti', Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute, Antarctic Research Trust, British Antarctic Survey NERC [UK], DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute for African Ornithology [South Africa], Nelson Mandela University [Port Elizabeth], Instituto Antártico Argentino, National Insitute of Polar Research, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Natural Environment Research Council - British Antarctic Survey [Cambridge, UK], Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University (Australia), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Jose State University [San José] (SJSU), and Nelson Mandela University
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Conservation of Natural Resources, Aquatic Organisms, Food Chain, bird, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, General Science & Technology, Oceans and Seas, Climate Change, Fishing, Population Dynamics, Animal Identification Systems, Climate change, Antarctic Regions, climate chang, mammal, 01 natural sciences, Predation, long-term change, Birds, bird, climate chang, econtinental shelf, exploitation, long-term change, mammal, predator tracking, Animals, Ecosystem, Ice Cover, 14. Life underwater, econtinental shelf, Life Below Water, Exploitation of natural resources, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mammals, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Continental shelf, predator tracking, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fishes, Biodiversity, Fishery, Climate Action, 13. Climate action, Predatory Behavior, Ecological significance, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, exploitation, Sciences exactes et naturelles
Abstract: International audience; Southern Ocean ecosystems are under pressure from resource exploitation and climate change1,2. Mitigation requires the identification and protection of Areas of Ecological Significance (AESs), which have so far not been determined at the ocean-basin scale. Here, using assemblage-level tracking of marine predators, we identify AESs for this globally important region and assess current threats and protection levels. Integration of more than 4,000 tracks from 17 bird and mammal species reveals AESs around sub-Antarctic islands in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and over the Antarctic continental shelf. Fishing pressure is disproportionately concentrated inside AESs, and climate change over the next century is predicted to impose pressure on these areas, particularly around the Antarctic continent. At present, 7.1% of the ocean south of 40°S is under formal protection, including 29% of the total AESs. The establishment and regular revision of networks of protection that encompass AESs are needed to provide long-term mitigation of growing pressures on Southern Ocean ecosystems.
Published: 2020

19. Are fission–fusion dynamics consistent among populations? A large‐scale study with Cape buffalo

Author: Simon Chamaillé-Jammes, Elodie Wielgus, Hugo Valls-Fox, Michel De Garine-Wichatitsky, Hervé Fritz, Bradley Cain, Alexandre Caron, Daniel Cornélis, Eve Miguel, Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Kasetsart University - KU (THAILAND), Kasetsart University (KU), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), CNRS, LTSER France, Zone Atelier Hwange, Hwange Natl Pk,Bag 62, Dete, Zimbabwe, Partenaires INRAE, Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Eduardo Mondlane University, Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], ANR-08-BLAN-0022,FEAR,Paysage de la peur et utilisation de l'hétérogénéité spatiale des ressources par des herbivores de taille corporelle différente: nouvelles hypothèses de coexistence interspécique(2008), ANR-11-CEPL-0003,SAVARID,Effet de l'augmentation de l'aridité et de la fréquence des sécheresses sur les systèmes socio-écologiques de savane dépendant de la biodiversité : scénarios exploratoires pour une aire protégée contrainte par l'eau de surface(2011), ANR-16-CE02-0001,LANDTHIRST,Les paysages de la soif: changement climatique et ajustements comportementaux face au manque d'eau(2016), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, multi‐population, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], dyadic interactions, 01 natural sciences, Dynamique des populations, Original Research, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, biology, Fission fusion, National park, seasonality, Facteur du milieu, Geography, Habitat, home range overlap, association patterns, multi-population, L20 - Écologie animale, Wet season, Buffle africain, Facteur écologique, Home range, 010603 evolutionary biology, Intraspecific competition, 03 medical and health sciences, Variation génétique, Syncerus, lcsh:QH540-549.5, medicine, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Cape buffalo, 030304 developmental biology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 13. Climate action, lcsh:Ecology
Abstract: Fission–fusion dynamics allow animals to manage costs and benefits of group living by adjusting group size. The degree of intraspecific variation in fission–fusion dynamics across the geographical range is poorly known. During 2008–2016, 38 adult female Cape buffalo were equipped with GPS collars in three populations located in different protected areas (Gonarezhou National Park and Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe; Kruger National Park, South Africa) to investigate the patterns and environmental drivers of fission–fusion dynamics among populations. We estimated home range overlap and fission and fusion events between Cape buffalo dyads. We investigated the temporal dynamics of both events at daily and seasonal scales and examined the influence of habitat and distance to water on event location. Fission–fusion dynamics were generally consistent across populations: Fission and fusion periods lasted on average between less than one day and three days. However, we found seasonal differences in the underlying patterns of fission and fusion, which point out the likely influence of resource availability and distribution in time on group dynamics: During the wet season, Cape buffalo split and associated more frequently and were in the same or in a different subgroup for shorter periods. Cape buffalo subgroups were more likely to merge than to split in open areas located near water, but overall vegetation and distance to water were very poor predictors of where fission and fusion events occurred. This study is one of the first to quantify fission–fusion dynamics in a single species across several populations with a common methodology, thus robustly questioning the behavioral flexibility of fission–fusion dynamics among environments., The frequency at which Cape buffalos split and join allows them to adjust to environmental conditions. In 3 distinct populations, the associations between individuals last on average between 1 and 3 days, but seasonal differences exist: In the dry season, buffalos split and join less frequently but stay in the same subgroup for longer periods than in wet season. Vegetation openness and distance to water are poor predictors of where fission and fusion events occur.
Published: 2020

20. Individual heterogeneity in life‐history trade‐offs with age at first reproduction in capital breeding elephant seals

Author: Marthán N Bester, Res Altwegg, W. Chris Oosthuizen, Roger Pradel, Marie Nevoux, Martin Postma, P J Nico de Bruyn, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), University of Cape Town, Dept Stat Sci, Ctr Stat Ecol Environm & Conservat, Rondebosch, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), University of Pretoria, Mammal Res Inst, Dept Zool & Entomol, Hatfield, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Offspring, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, cost of reproduction, individual quality, Seasonal breeder, Life history, mixture models, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, hidden heterogeneity, education.field_of_study, Individual heterogeneity, recruitment age, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Trade offs, Capital (economics), Reproduction, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Demography
Abstract: International audience; ecruitment age plays a key role in life-history evolution. Because individuals allocate limited resources among competing life-history functions, theory predicts trade-offs between current reproduction and future growth, survival and/or reproduction. Reproductive costs tend to vary with recruitment age, but may also be overridden by fixed individual differences leading to persistent demographic heterogeneity and positive covariation among demographic traits at the population level. We tested for evidence of intra- and inter-generational trade-offs and individual heterogeneity relating to age at first reproduction using three decades of detailed individual life-history data of 6,439 capital breeding female southern elephant seals. Contrary to the predictions from trade-off hypotheses, we found that recruitment at an early age was associated with higher population level survival and subsequent breeding probabilities. Nonetheless, a survival cost of first reproduction was evident at the population level, as first-time breeders always had lower survival probabilities than prebreeders and experienced breeders of the same age. However, models accounting for hidden persistent demographic heterogeneity revealed that the trade-off between first reproduction and survival was only expressed in "low quality" individuals, comprising 35% of the population. The short-term somatic costs associated with breeding at an early age had no effect on the ability of females to allocate resources to offspring in the next breeding season. Our results provide strong evidence for individual heterogeneity in the life-history trajectories of female elephant seals. By explicitly modeling hidden persistent demographic heterogeneity we show that individual heterogeneity governs the expression of trade-offs with first reproduction in elephant seals.
Published: 2019

21. Effects of temperature and food quality on isotopic turnover and discrimination in a cladoceran

Author: Nicole B. Richoux, Hélène Masclaux, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), and Rhodes University
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, δ13C, Stable isotope ratio, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, δ15N, Aquatic Science, Biology, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Daphnia, Isotopes of nitrogen, Cryptomonas, Environmental chemistry, Botany, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Food quality, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Scenedesmus, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Our experimental study was designed to assess the effects of temperature on nitrogen isotope turnover and to measure the effects of temperature and food quality on the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope discrimination factors (Δ13C and Δ15N) in a cladoceran. For the first part of our study, Daphnia were fed with non-enriched or 15N-enriched Scenedesmus obliquus at 12, 15, 20, and 25 °C. For the second part, Daphnia were reared at 15, 20, and 25 °C on Scenedesmus or Cryptomonas sp. There were no clear effects of temperature on turnover rates of the nitrogen isotope of cladocerans. However, a general increase in Δ13C with increasing temperature was measured, regardless of the food source. Δ15N was also affected by temperature, but contrasting results were measured depending on the food source used. There were significant effects of food quality on Δ13C and Δ15N in Daphnia, as values obtained for Daphnia fed Scenedesmus were always higher than those obtained for Daphnia fed Cryptomonas. Our experiments produced discrimination factors that were very different from those usually considered in isotope studies and showed that the values used for isotope model implementation to analyze field data need to be adapted to environmental conditions.
Published: 2017

22. Plastic response by a small cervid to supplemental feeding in winter across a wide environmental gradient

Author: Nathan Ranc, Leif Soennichsen, Pavel Sustr, John D. C. Linnell, Michele Rocca, Atle Mysterud, Marco Heurich, Mark Hebblewhite, Anne Berger, Nicolas Morellet, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Ferdinando Urbano, Francesca Cagnacci, Federico Ossi, Petter Kjellander, Robin Sandfort, Max Kroeschel, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), University of Oslo (UiO), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Bavarian Forest National Park, Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa]-University of Pretoria [South Africa], Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Leibniz Association, Associazione Cacciatori Trentina = Trentino hunters association, Università Iuav di Venezia = Iuav University of Venice (IUAV), Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), Harvard University, and Ossi, Federico
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ungulate, Range (biology), winter severity, Climate behavioural responses, alimentation artificielle, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Context (language use), capreolus capreolus, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, comportement animal, facteur biotique, Capreolus, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, biology.animal, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, climate behavioral responses, Roe deer, Environmental gradient, 2. Zero hunger, roe deer, artificial feeding, ungulate management, climate change, Biotic component, Ecology, biology, 15. Life on land, roe, deer, biology.organism_classification, faune sauvage, 010601 ecology, 13. Climate action, Spatial ecology, adaptation au changement climatique
Abstract: International audience; Supplemental feeding for ungulates is a widespread practice in many human-dominated landscapes across Europe and North America, mainly intended to seasonally support populations. Surprisingly, little consideration was given so far to the effect of supplemental feeding on ungulate spatial ecology at a large scale, in management and conservation studies. Analyses of the main ecological drivers influencing the use of supplemental feeding sites by ungulates across a gradient of abiotic and biotic factors are currently lacking. We conducted a large-scale assessment of ecological and management drivers of use of feeding station sites in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), a small cervid widely distributed across Europe that is particularly sensitive to winter severity. We tested four competing hypotheses by comparing the time spent at feeding station sites by 180 individual Global Positioning System-collared roe deer from nine populations spanning a wide latitudinal and altitudinal gradient. We found that roe deer used feeding station sites highly opportunistically in response to winter severity across its range. The harshest weather conditions at the northern range limit or the highest elevations provoked an intense use of feeding station sites, which typically peaked at the end of winter, in accordance with the adverse weather and nutritional condition hypotheses. Consistently, milder winters corresponded to a reduced and/or more homogeneous use of supplemental feeding. In general, intensively used feeding station sites heavily conditioned spatial behavior of roe deer. Importantly, biotic factors such as the presence of competitors decreased roe deer use of supplemental feeding station sites. Our results emphasize the importance of this human-induced alteration to resource distribution, especially in the context of the rapidly occurring climate change that is modifying resource availability for ungulate populations.
Published: 2017

23. Drosophila as models to understand the adaptive process during invasion

Author: Marta Pascual, Patricia Gibert, Christophe Plantamp, Amir Yassin, Carla M. Sgrò, John S. Terblanche, Matthew P. Hill, Génétique et évolution des interactions hôtes-parasites, Département génétique, interactions et évolution des génomes [LBBE] (GINSENG), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, School of Biological Sciences [Monash University, Australia], Monash University [Clayton], Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain., Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Drosophila subobscura, Ecology (disciplines), Local adaptation, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Introduced species, Phenotypic plasticity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Drosophila suzukii, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Drosophila, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Ecology, biology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], fungi, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Zaprionus indianus, Adaptation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; The last few decades have seen a growing number of species invasions globally, including many insect species. In drosophilids, there are several examples of successful invasions, i.e. Zaprionus indianus and Drosophila subobscura some decades ago, but the most recent and prominent example is the invasion of Europe and North America by the pest species, Drosophila suzukii. During the invasive process, species often encounter diverse environmental conditions that they must respond to, either through rapid genetic adaptive shifts or phenotypic plasticity, or by some combination of both. Consequently, invasive species constitute powerful models for investigating various questions related to the adaptive processes that underpin successful invasions. In this paper, we highlight how Drosophila have been and remain a valuable model group for understanding these underlying adaptive processes, and how they enable insight into key questions in invasion biology, including how quickly adaptive responses can occur when species are faced with new environmental conditions.
Published: 2016

24. Intra-annual variation in the foraging ecology of the endangered endemic Barau’s Petrel (Pterodroma baraui) from Réunion Island, south-western Indian Ocean: insights from a multifaceted approach

Author: Sébastien Jaquemet, Maëlle Connan, S. Kaehler, Malcolm J. Smale, C. C. Juhasz, Julie Tourmetz, Christopher D. McQuaid, Laurence Humeau, M. Le Corre, S. Orlowski, D. K. Danckwerts, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Ecologie marine tropicale dans les Océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Réunion]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Port Elizabeth Museum, Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Department of Botany, Société d'études ornithologiques de la Réunion (SEOR), Rhodes University, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, education.field_of_study, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecology (disciplines), [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Population, Foraging, Endangered species, Pterodroma baraui, Petrel, Context (language use), 15. Life on land, Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level
Abstract: International audience; Population modelling for one of Réunion Island’s endemic seabirds, the Barau’s Petrel (Pterodroma baraui), has highlighted its vulnerability to extinction. Conservation action demands information on its biology during different stages of its life cycle. Whilst most aspects of the species’ terrestrial ecology have been studied, at-sea information is scarce and frequently contradictory. In this context, we combine three complementary techniques to provide new information on the trophic ecology of the Barau’s Petrel and to augment recent telemetry data. Colonies were visited periodically through a single breeding season and samples gathered from adults, downy chicks, and fledglings, permitting intra-annual comparisons within and among ontogenetic stages. Stomach contents consisted mostly of accumulated cephalopod beaks, whereas structures from other molluscs, fishes, and arthropods were rare. Variations in carbon stable isotopes matched the patterns of adult foraging behaviour, as described using telemetry, and wide variation in nitrogen isotope values indicated dietary opportunism. Finally, the total fatty acid composition of blood differed greatly among adults, further suggesting opportunistic feeding; however, consistently low incidences of long-chain monounsaturated and n-3 fatty acids indicated little importance of fish. These results offer additional insight into the Barau’s Petrels’ trophic ecology are in concordance with recent telemetry data and will assist in preliminary assessment of the threats to the species whilst foraging. We also illustrate the value of an integrated approach to diet determination for endangered species, where hyper-ethical approaches need to be considered, and when isotope and fatty acid baseline data are not available and are not logistically attainable.
Published: 2016

25. Nosema spp. infections cause no energetic stress in tolerant honeybees

Author: Christopher Mayack, Frank Hirche, Yves Le Conte, Robin F. A. Moritz, Per Kryger, Christoph Kurze, Gabriele I. Stangl, Institute for Biology, University of Bergen (UiB), Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Abeilles & Environnement (UR 406 ), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Aarhus University [Aarhus], German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], and University of Pretoria [South Africa]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, energetic stress, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fitness cost, adaptation, immune response, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nosema, Negatively associated, Stress, Physiological, Hemolymph, Animals, Host-parasite interaction, Adaptation, Immune response, General Veterinary, biology, Ecology, Host (biology), Energetic stress, Nosema apis, General Medicine, Bees, biology.organism_classification, host-parasite interaction, Nosema ceranae, Trehalose, Adaptation, Physiological, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Insect Science, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Parasitology, Fitness cost, Energy Metabolism
Abstract: International audience; Host-pathogen coevolution leads to reciprocal adaptations, allowing pathogens to increase host exploitation or hosts to minimise costs of infection. As pathogen resistance is often associated with considerable costs, tolerance may be an evolutionary alternative. Here, we examined the effect of two closely related and highly host dependent intracellular gut pathogens, Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae, on the energetic state in Nosema tolerant and sensitive honeybees facing the infection. We quantified the three major haemolymph carbohydrates fructose, glucose, and trehalose using highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a measure for host energetic state. Trehalose levels in the haemolymph were negatively associated with N. apis infection intensity and with N. ceranae infection regardless of the infection intensity in sensitive honeybees. Nevertheless, there was no such association in Nosema spp. infected tolerant honeybees. These findings suggest that energy availability in tolerant honeybees was not compromised by the infection. This result obtained at the individual level may also have implications at the colony level where workers in spite of a Nosema infection can still performaswell as healthy bees, maintaining colony efficiency and productivity.
Published: 2016

26. Isolation and Characterization of 15 Polymorphic Microsatellite Loci for the Barau’s Petrel (Pterodroma baraui), an Endangered Endemic of Réunion Island (Indian Ocean)

Author: Laurence Humeau, Matthieu Le Corre, Daniel K. Danckwerts, Patrick Pinet, Samantha Corré, Ecologie marine tropicale dans les Océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Réunion]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Parc national de La Réunion, Rhodes University, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, microsatellite, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Population, Endangered species, Population genetics, Petrel, Zoology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Effective population size, 14. Life underwater, education, Genetic diversity, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, conservation, Pterodroma baraui, population genetics, biology.organism_classification, Pterodroma, 030104 developmental biology, Microsatellite, Animal Science and Zoology, tropical seabird, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Fifteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from the endangered Barau’s Petrel (Pterodroma baraui), endemic to Réunion Island, Indian Ocean, France, facilitating population studies for conservation. In 148 samples from two colonies, the total number of alleles per loci ranged from three to eight, observed heterozygosity ranged between 0.11 and 0.86, and null allele frequency ranged between 0.000 and 0.093. An observed similarity in annealing temperatures across loci and the wide range of fragment sizes facilitated polymerase chain reaction multiplexing and rapid multilocus genotyping. These results will enable further investigation into the genetic diversity, effective population size, and small-scale geographical relationships among populations of this endangered species, encouraging additional conservation initiatives. Received 24 May 2016, accepted 19 August 2016.
Published: 2016

27. Temporal and interspecific variation in rates of spread for insect species invading Europe during the last 200 years

Author: Jeffrey R. Garnas, David M. Richardson, Tim M. Blackburn, Andrew M. Liebhold, Petr Pyšek, Richard P. Duncan, Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg, Michael J. Wingfield, Alain Roques, Wolfgang Rabitsch, Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment, Research, University College of London [London] (UCL), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Environment Agency Austria, Stellenbosch University, Northern Research Station, Forest Research [Great Britain], Institute for Applied Ecology, and University of Canberra
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], speed of spread, Introduced species, biological invasion, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, historic event, expansion model, population dynamics, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, alien insect, range expansion, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, Herbivore, Ecology, accidentally introduced species, Detritivore, Interspecific competition, human activity, 15. Life on land, Herbaceous plant, 010602 entomology, historical data, Global biodiversity, Woody plant
Abstract: International audience; Globalization is triggering an increase in the establishment of alien insects in Europe, with several species having substantial ecological and economic impacts. We investigated long-term changes in rates of species spread following establishment. We used the total area of countries invaded by 1171 insect species for which the date of first record in Europe is known, to estimate their current range radius (calculated as [invaded area](0.5)/pi). We estimated initial rates of radial spread and compared them among different groups of insects for all years (1800-2014) and for a subset of more recent decades (1950-2014). Accidentally introduced species spread faster than intentionally introduced species. Considering the whole period 1800-2014, spread patterns also differ between feeding guilds, with decreasing spread rates over residence time in herbivores but not in detritivores or parasitic species. These decreases for herbivorous species appeared mainly in those associated with herbaceous plants and crops rather than woody plants. Initial spread rate was significantly greater for species detected after 1990, roughly 3-4 times higher than for species that arrived earlier. We hypothesize that the political changes in Europe following the collapse of the Iron Curtain in 1989, and the further dismantling of customs checkpoints within an enlarged European Union (EU) have facilitated the faster spread of alien insect species. Also, the number of species first recorded in the Eastern Bloc of the politically-divided Europe before 1989 was lower than for the rest of Europe. A detailed analysis of six recent invaders indicated a dominant role of long-distance translocations related to human activities, especially with the plant trade, in determining rates of spread.
Published: 2016

28. Seabird recovery and vegetation dynamics after Norway rat eradication at Tromelin Island, western Indian Ocean

Author: D. K. Danckwerts, Matthieu Bastien, David Pinaud, David Ringler, C. Morey Rubio, M. Le Corre, S. Orlowski, Thierry Micol, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine (ECOMAR), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises (T.A.A.F.), Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux, Bird Life International Partner in France, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Gygis alba, Interspecific interactions, macromolecular substances, Booby, Soil manuring, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Seabird ecology, biology.animal, Dry season, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Ruderal species, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, 15. Life on land, Habitat restoration, biology.organism_classification, Tromelin Island, Habitat, Tern, Seabird, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Seabirds are notoriously sensitive to introduced mammalian predators and eradication programs have benefitted seabird populations and their habitats on numerous islands throughout the world. However, less evidence is available from the tropics as to the benefits of rat eradication. Here, we report the seabird recovery and vegetation dynamics on a small coralline island of the tropical western Indian Ocean, eight years after Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) eradication. Two species of seabirds were breeding before rat eradication (red-footed and masked boobies, Sula sula and Sula, dactylatra) and, in both species, the number of breeding pairs had an apparent increase of 22–23% per year after rat eradication. Such a highannual growth rate cannot be achieved by auto-recruitment only and our data suggest that immigration from other source populations never occurred in at least one of these species. We suggest that it is rather due to a rapid increase in breeding success, which rapidly increased the observed number of breeders since birds remained in the available-for-counting-as-breeders group for much longer. Two other species, the white tern (Gygis alba) and the brown booby (Sula leucogaster) were recorded breeding in 2014. The former species has not bred on the island since 1856 and the latter has never bred on the island. Plant cover (monospecific formation of the ruderal herb Boerhavia diffusa) dramatically increased from less than 30% of surface coverage to more than 70%. Although the initial restoration project was to eradicate all introduced mammals of the island simultaneously, house mouse (Mus musculus) eradication failed. Mouse density was high 8 years after rat eradication (32 mice/ha in dry season and 52 mice/ha in rainy season) but not higher than at a comparable tropical island of the region (Juan de Nova) where mice coexistwith introduced black rats (Rattus rattus) and feral cats (Felis catus). These results are discussed in terms of the direct positive effects of rat eradication on seabirds and plants and the indirect positive effects of post-eradication seabird increase on soil manuring and vegetation recovery. Overall, our results show that on tropical islands, seabird and habitat recovery can be very rapid after rat eradication and should be implemented as a restoration tool wherever possible.
Published: 2015

29. Escaping parasite manipulation Apoptosis and host-parasite co-evolution in Apis mellifera

Author: Kurze, Christoph, Le Conte, Yves, Dussaubat, Claudia, Mueller, Thomas, Kryger, Per, Erler, Silvio, Moritz, Robin, Lewkowski, Oleg, ProdInra, Migration, Institute for Biology, University of Bergen (UiB), Abeilles & Environnement (UR 406 ), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], and University of Pretoria [South Africa]
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, Phenotypic phenomena and molecular basis of social insect immunity, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2014

30. A novel approach to analysing observer-based attendance patterns data, using lactating Subantarctic fur seals from Marion Island

Author: Wege, Mia, Nevoux, Marie, de Bruyn, P. J. N., Bester, M., Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: pup sex, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], detection probability, Arctocephalus tropicalis, transition probability, seasonal effects
Abstract: Observer-based studies often underestimate key ecological parameters. Here a fresh approach was used to analyse six years (2006–11) of attendance cycles to estimate foraging trip lengths of a lactating flipper-tagged otariid: subantarctic fur seals at Marion Island. Multi-state mark-recapture models were used to calculate detection failures of females, correct estimates accordingly, and investigate the effects of year, season, pup sex and the presence of a telemetry device on attendance cycle parameters. There were no differences between corrected and uncorrected attendance data. This is attributed to the high capture probability across all seasons (range: 83–98%). This illustrates that observer-based studies are useful to augment telemetry studies. Only season and pup sex had a significant impact on female provisioning rates. In winter, foraging trip durations were longer (t-value=25.22, P
Published: 2014

31. A selective sweep in a microsporidian parasite Nosema-tolerant honeybee population, Apis mellifera

Author: Y. Le Conte, Robin F. A. Moritz, H. M. G. Lattorff, Qiang Huang, Per Kryger, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Jiangxi Agricultural University (JXAU), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Department of Agroecology/Section of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Abeilles & Environnement (UR 406 ), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], European Union's Seventh Framework Program BeeDoc, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [DFG SPP 1399 (MO 373/26-1)], Romanian Centre for Bee Biotechnology (RoBeeTech), and China Scholarship Council
Subjects: Genotype, Denmark, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, honeybee, Quantitative trait locus, Breeding, Selective breeding, Host-Parasite Interactions, resistance, Nosema, Genetics, Parasite hosting, Animals, Genetic variability, Selection, Genetic, education, selective breeding, Disease Resistance, Genetic diversity, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, genetic diversity, General Medicine, Bees, biology.organism_classification, Animal Science and Zoology, Selective sweep
Abstract: International audience; Nosema is a microsporidian parasite of the honeybee, which infects the epithelial cells of the gut. In Denmark, honeybee colonies have been selectively bred for the absence of Nosema over decades, resulting in a breeding line that is tolerant toward Nosema infections. As the tolerance toward the Nosema infection is a result of artificial selection, we screened chromosome 14 for a selective sweep with microsatellite markers, where a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) had been identified to be involved in the reduction in Nosema spores in the honeybees. By comparing the genetic variability of 10 colonies of the selected honeybee strain with a population sample from 22 unselected colonies, a selective sweep was revealed within the previously identified QTL region. The genetic variability of the swept loci was not only reduced in relation to the flanking markers on chromosome 14 within the selected strain but also significantly reduced compared with the same region in the unselected honeybees. This confirmed the results of the previous QTL mapping for reduced Nosema infections. The success of the selective breeding may have driven the selective sweep found in our study.
Published: 2014

32. Revisiting the phylogeography and demography of European badgers (Meles meles) based on broad sampling, multiple markers and simulations

Author: Michael Stubbe, Peter Breyne, E Do Linh San, Lisa C. Pope, Terry Burke, József Lanszki, Erik Ågren, Allan D. McDevitt, Laurent Schley, Rafał Kowalczyk, Alessandro Balestrieri, V Racheva, N Stier, J Davison, Alain C. Frantz, J Kochan, K. Van Den Berge, Morten Elmeros, B I Kostka, R Oliveira, Nikica Šprem, Aritz Ruiz-González, A Stubbe, Christopher F. Clements, M Ghirardi, Duško Ćirović, Guillem Molina-Vacas, Marc Colyn, Franz Suchentrunk, C Braun, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences [Sheffield], University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle de Luxembourg (MNHN), University of Queensland [Brisbane], Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility, Department of Bioscience [Aarhus], Department of Animal Biology and IRBio, University of Barcelona, Department of Zoology, University of the Basque Country, Department of Biosciences [Milano], Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Department of Zoology and Entomology, Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases, National Veterinary Institute [Uppsala] (SVA), Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine [Vienna] (Vetmeduni), Administration de la nature et des forêts, Mammal Research Institute, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Faculty of Biology (University of Belgrade), University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Department of Fisheries, Beekeeping, Game Management and Special Zoology, University of Zagreb, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Balkani Wildlife Society, Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia, Universidade do Porto = University of Porto-Faculdade de Ciências, Department of Nature Conservation, University of Kaposvár, Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Tartu University, Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Ministry of the Flemish Community, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), and Universidade do Porto-Faculdade de Ciências
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Badger, Population Dynamics, Mustelidae, Meles, DNA, Mitochondrial, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, biology.animal, Genetics, Animals, Glacial period, Genetics (clinical), 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, Approximate Bayesian Computation, colonisation, genetic bottleneck, genetic diversity, glacial refugia, MSVAR, Models, Genetic, biology, Ecology, Genetic Variation, Bayes Theorem, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Europe, Phylogeography, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, Genetic structure, Original Article, Approximate Bayesian computation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Microsatellite Repeats, Demography
Abstract: International audience; Although the phylogeography of European mammals has been extensively investigated since the 1990s, many studies were limited in terms of sampling distribution, the number of molecular markers used and the analytical techniques employed, frequently leading to incomplete postglacial recolonisation scenarios. The broad-scale genetic structure of the European badger (Meles meles) is of interest as it may result from historic restriction to glacial refugia and/or recent anthropogenic impact. However, previous studies were based mostly on samples from western Europe, making it difficult to draw robust conclusions about the location of refugia, patterns of postglacial expansion and recent demography. In the present study, continent-wide sampling and analyses with multiple markers provided evidence for two glacial refugia (Iberia and southeast Europe) that contributed to the genetic variation observed in badgers in Europe today. Approximate Bayesian computation provided support for a colonisation of Scandinavia from both Iberian and southeastern refugia. In the whole of Europe, we observed a decline in genetic diversity with increasing latitude, suggesting that the reduced diversity in the peripheral populations resulted from a postglacial expansion processes. Although MSVAR v.1.3 also provided evidence for recent genetic bottlenecks in some of these peripheral populations, the simulations performed to estimate the method’s power to correctly infer the past demography of our empirical populations suggested that the timing and severity of bottlenecks could not be established with certainty. We urge caution against trying to relate demographic declines inferred using MSVAR with particular historic or climatological events.
Published: 2014

33. Estimates of the Southern Ocean general circulation improved by animal-borne instruments

Author: Roquet, Fabien, Wunsch, Carl, Forget, Gael, Heimbach, Patrick, Guinet, Christophe, Reverdin, G, Charrassin, J. B., Bailleul, F., Costa, D.P., Hückstädt, L.A., Goetz, K.T., Kovacs, K. M., Lydersen, C., Biuw, M., Chafik, L., Nøst, O. A., Bornemann, Horst, Plötz, Joachim, Bester, Marthán N., McIntyre, Trevor, Muelbert, M.C., Hindell, M.A., McMahon, C. R., Williams, G., Harcourt, R., Field, I.C., Nicholls, K. W., Boehme, Lars, Fedak, Mike A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Échanges dans la couche de surface : des pôles aux tropiques (SURF), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions et Processus au sein de la couche de Surface Océanique (IPSO), Couplage physique-biogéochimie-carbone (PHYBIOCAR), Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS), Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), FRAM Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, NERC, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, and University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, hydrography, Data accuracy, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Animal-borne instruments, 14. Life underwater, state estimation, Southern Ocean, Sea ice concentration, Polar climate, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, GC, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap, Circumpolar star, animal-borne sampling, Current (stream), Geophysics, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Climatology, General Circulation Model, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, GC Oceanography, Satellite, Earth and Related Environmental Sciences, Hydrography
Abstract: Over the last decade, several hundred seals have been equipped with conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensors in the Southern Ocean for both biological and physical oceanographic studies. A calibrated collection of seal-derived hydrographic data is now available, consisting of more than 165,000 profiles. The value of these hydrographic data within the existing Southern Ocean observing system is demonstrated herein by conducting two state estimation experiments, differing only in the use or not of seal data to constrain the system. Including seal-derived data substantially modifies the estimated surface mixed-layer properties and circulation patterns within and south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Agreement with independent satellite observations of sea-ice concentration is improved, especially along the East Antarctic shelf. Instrumented animals efficiently reduce a critical observational gap, and their contribution to monitoring polar climate variability will continue to grow as data accuracy and spatial coverage increase. Publisher PDF
Published: 2013

34. Giant petrels as predators of albatross chicks

Author: Sylvie P. Vandenabeele, Lieze Swart, John Cooper, Ben J. Dilley, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Delia Davies, Marienne de Villiers, Peter G. Ryan, Maëlle Connan, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Animal Demography Unit, Department of Environmental Affairs, Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Foundation, and South African National Antarctic Programme
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, animal structures, Zoology, Albatross, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Giant petrel, Phoebetria, diomedea exulans, 14. Life underwater, macronectes halli, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, chick predation, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, breeding success, biology, Sooty albatross, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, biology.organism_classification, prince edward islands, Great albatross, Wandering albatross, Threatened species, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract: Giant petrels Macronectes spp. are not thought to be important predators of albatross chicks, although they are known to kill pre-fledging Thalassarche and Phoebetria albatrosses. We report the first records of predation of healthy great albatross Diomedea spp. chicks, killing wandering albatrosses D. exulans at night on sub-Antarctic Marion Island. Breeding success of this species has decreased markedly in the area where attacks occurred, suggesting that giant petrel predation events are a recent phenomenon. Mouse attacks on wandering albatross chicks may have contributed to the development of this hunting technique. We also report the first observations of giant petrel predation on pre-fledging grey-headed albatross T. chrysostoma chicks as well as additional records of sooty albatross P. fusca chicks being targeted. Only adult northern giant petrels M. halli have been confirmed to kill albatross chicks on Marion Island. Given the threatened status of wandering albatrosses, and the importance of Marion Island for this species, monitoring of their breeding success is necessary to assess whether the predation of chicks by giant petrels spreads around the island.
Published: 2013

35. Recommandations from the COLOSS BEEBOOK for maintaining adult workers in laboratory cages

Author: Williams, Geoffrey R., Alaux, Cédric, Csaki, Tamas, Doublet, Vincent, Eisenhardt, Dorothea, Kuhn, Rolf, Mcmahon, Dino, Murray, Tomás E., Natsopoulou, Myrsini E., Neumann, Peter, Oliver, Randy, Paxton, Robert J., Pernal, Stephen, Shutler, Dave, Tanner, Gina, Brodschneider, Robert, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Abeilles & Environnement (UR 406 ), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Szent István University, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Free University of Berlin (FU), School of Biological Sciences [Belfast], Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Department of Biology, Acadia University, Karl-Franzens University, and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2012

36. Inhibition of gonadotropin and estrous cycles in hyperprolactinaemic female mice is restored by kisspeptin-10 treatment

Author: Sonigo, Charlotte, Bouilly, Justine, Carré, Nadège, Tolle, Virginie, Zizzari, Philippe, Caraty, Alain, Tello, Javier, Simony, Fabio, Millar, Robert P., Young, Jacques, Binart, Nadine, Faculté de médecine, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), U693, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Sud (Paris 11), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa]-University of Pretoria [South Africa], AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Société Française d'Endocrinologie (SFE). Paris, FRA., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], [SDV.OT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2012

37. Effects of climate change and fisheries bycatch on Southern Ocean seabirds: a review

Author: Henri Weimerskirch, Marie Nevoux, Christophe Barbraud, Stéphanie Jenouvrier, Virginie Rolland, Karine Delord, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Biology Department (WHOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa]-University of Pretoria [South Africa], ANR Biodiversity, and Barbraud, Christophe
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Population dynamics, Population, Fishing, Sea ice, capture accessoire, Climate change, Aquatic Science, Distribution, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Effects of global warming, oiseau de mer, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level, Demography, education.field_of_study, Ecology, Sea-surface temperature, démographie de population, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, température de surface, Seabirds, Bycatch, Phenology, phénologie, Discards, Fishery, dynamique des populations, Geography, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Over the last century, major climate changes and intense human exploitation of natural living resources have occurred in the Southern Ocean, potentially affecting its ecosystems up to top marine predators. Fisheries may also directly affect seabirds through bycatch and additional food resources provided by discards. The past 20 yr of research has seen an increasing number of studies investigating the effects of climate change and fisheries activities on Southern Ocean seabirds. Here, we review these studies in order to identify patterns in changes in distribution, phenology, demography and population dynamics in response to changes in climate and fisheries bycatch. Shifts in distribution and breeding phenology were documented in parallel to increases in sea-surface temperatures and changes in sea-ice cover. Above all warm sea-surface temperatures negatively affected demographic parameters, although exceptions were found. Relationships suggest non-linear effects of sea-ice cover on demographic parameters and population dynamics, with optimum sea-ice cover conditions appearing to be the rule. Fishing efforts were mainly negatively related to survival rates, and only for a few species positively related to breeding success. A handful of studies found that chronic mortality of immature birds due to fisheries negatively affected populations. Climate factors and fisheries bycatch may simultaneously affect demographic parameters in a complex way, which can be integrated in population models to project population trajectories under future climate or fisheries scenarios. Needed are studies that integrate other environmental factors, trophic levels, foraging behaviour, climate−fisheries inter - actions, and the mechanisms underlying phenotypic plasticity, such as some pioneering studies conducted elsewhere.
Published: 2012

38. Grazing behaviour of the giraffe in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe

Author: Seeber, Peter A., Ndlovu, Honestly T., Duncan, Patrick, Ganswinds, André, Department of Production Animal Studies (Faculty of Veterinary Science), University of Pretoria [South Africa], Department of Forest Resources & Wildlife Management, National University of Science and Technology [Bulawayo], Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria]
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2012

39. Intermittent breeding as an optimal strategy in the Southern elephant seals

Author: Nevoux, Marie, Bester, Marthan N., de Bruyn, Nico, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria [South Africa], University of Pretoria [South Africa]. ZAF., and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2012

40. Survival and immune response of drones of a Nosemosis tolerant honey bee strain towards N. ceranae infections

Author: Robin F. A. Moritz, Yves Le Conte, Qiang Huang, Per Kryger, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Abeilles & Environnement (UR 406 ), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], and University of Pretoria [South Africa]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male, NOSEMA CERANAE, MICROSPORIDIE, HYMENOPTERA, Selective breeding, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Nosema, Botany, Microsporidiosis, Animals, Pathogen, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, abeille domestique, 030304 developmental biology, IMMUNITE, 0303 health sciences, Innate immune system, biology, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Gene Expression Profiling, fungi, APIS MELLIFERA, Honey bee, Bees, biology.organism_classification, Nosema ceranae, Spore, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 010602 entomology, behavior and behavior mechanisms, MALE HAPLOIDE, NOSEMOSE, APIDAE, Signal Transduction
Abstract: International audience; Honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera) have been selected for low level of Nosema in Denmark over decades and Nosema is now rarely found in bee colonies from these breeding lines. We compared the immune response of a selected and an unselected honey bee lineage, taking advantage of the haploid males to study its potential impact on the tolerance toward Nosema ceranae, a novel introduced microsporidian pathogen. After artificial infections of the N. Ceranae spores, the lineage selected for Nosema tolerance showed a higher N. ceranae spore load, a lower mortality and an up-regulated immune response. The differences in the response of the innate immune system between the selected and unselected lineage were strongest at day six post infection. In particular genes of the Toll pathway were up-regulated in the selected strain, probably is the main immune pathway involved in N. ceranae infection response. After decades of selective breeding for Nosema tolerance in the Danish strain, it appears these bees are tolerant to N. ceranae infections
Published: 2012

41. Back to the future: Apis versus non-Apis pollination

Author: Aebi, Alexandre, Vaissière, Bernard, Vanengelsdorp, Dennis, Delaplane, Keith, Roubik, David W., Neumann, Peter, Research station ART, Agroscope, Abeilles & Environnement (UR 406 ), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Entomology, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, University of Georgia [USA], Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, and Rhodes University, Grahamstown
Subjects: ABEILLE DOMESTIQUE, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, APIS, POLLINISATION ENTOMOPHILE, HYMENOPTERA, POLLINISATEUR SAUVAGE, INSECT POLLINATION, WILD POLLINATOR, MANAGED POLLINATOR, APIDAE, CONTROVERSE
Abstract: Letters; International audience
Published: 2012

42. Determinants and costs of natal dispersal in a lekking species

Author: Frédéric Lacroix, Loïc A. Hardouin, Olivier Gimenez, Marie Nevoux, Alexandre Robert, Yves Hingrat, Emirates Center for Wildlife Propagation, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), RENECO Wildlife Consultants LLC, Emirates Center for Wildlife Propagation (ECWP), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Chlamydotis undulata undulata, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sex assignment, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Intraspecific competition, Competition (biology), Lek mating, Biological dispersal, Inbreeding avoidance, Inbreeding, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common
Abstract: Avoidance of competition and inbreeding have been invoked as the major ultimate causes of natal dispersal, but proximate factors such as sex, body condition or birth date can also be important. Natal dispersal is expected to be of particular importance to understanding the ecological and evolutionary implications of dispersal strategies, since 1) numerous evidences suggest that individual differences in dispersal strategies are expressed early in life (i.e. at the onset of dispersal movement), 2) ultimate and proximate factors are more likely to act during this stage and 3) this stage is associated with the highest mortality rates in most vertebrates. We analysed the natal dispersal (hereafter, dispersal) behaviour in 100 marked individuals of a lekking species, the North African houbara bustards Chlamydotis undulata undulata, during four years. We investigated the effects of proximate factors on dispersal pattern and distance, as well as the mortality cost associated with movement using multievent models, allowing uncertainty in sex assignment and mixture of live recaptures and dead recoveries. Overall, males exhibited longer dispersal distances than females, contrary to the common pattern in birds. Moreover, males in poorer body condition moved further than those in better condition, whereas distance was independent of body condition in females. Finally, survival rates during dispersal were lower for females than for males and were negatively correlated with the distances covered with a similar distance-survival slope in the two sexes. Collectively, our results suggest that 1) there is substantial dispersal cost in both sexes, 2) dispersal is strongly male-biased, 3) this bias is unlikely to be explained by differential movement costs of each sex, and 4) dispersal differences found across different categories of individuals are in broad agreement with both the inbreeding avoidance and intraspecific competition mechanisms for dispersal.
Published: 2012

43. Dispersal and dispersion of southern elephant seals in the Kerguelen province, Southern Ocean

Author: P J Nico de Bruyn, Marthán N Bester, Cheryl Ann Tosh, Christophe Guinet, W. Chris Oosthuizen, Dominique Besson, Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, mark-resighting, Population, Zoology, Oceanography, migration, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Gene flow, Elephant seal, Juvenile, Marion Island, 14. Life underwater, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, metapopulation, Geology, Iles Crozet, Mating system, biology.organism_classification, Indian ocean, Iles Kerguelen, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biological dispersal, Vital rates, gene flow, Mirounga leonina
Abstract: Southern elephant sealsMirounga leoninawithin the Kerguelen province disperse between Marion Island (MI), Iles Crozet (IC) and Iles Kerguelen (IK) despite the high site fidelity characteristic of this species. From 1987–2002, 199 IC individuals, or 11.63% of the tagged population there, were resighted at MI. Resights of IC seals at MI peaked during the juvenile moult and seals aged 0–2 represent 66% of all resights made. Equal numbers of male and female seals (all age classes) were dispersing. Dispersing breeding females (n= 22, on 33 occasions) outnumbered dispersing breeding males (n= 6, on 16 occasions), after initially emigrating from IC to MI as juvenile seals (natal dispersal). Greater male-mediated gene flow was ultimately attained due to the polygynous mating system and some extremely successful males. Of 132 seals fitted with satellite-relay data loggers at MI, six hauled out at IC and three at IK. Two of the seals which migrated to IC were born at MI; all others were unmarked males likely to be native to IC or IK. Dispersal should ideally be considered when assessing vital rates for southern Indian Ocean elephant seal populations.
Published: 2011

44. Are muscle tissues a good proxy for whole body δ13C and δ15N isotope signatures in intertidal invertebrate species throughout the year? Implications for top-predator studies

Author: Kohler, Sophie, Conan, M., Hill, Jaclyn M., Jaquemet, Sébastien, Mcquaid, Christopher D., Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine (ECOMAR), Université de La Réunion (UR), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], and Alarcon, Nicolas
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, education, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, human activities, health care economics and organizations
Abstract: Poster; Poster about Are muscle tissues a good proxy for whole body δ13C and δ15N isotope signatures in intertidal invertebrate species throughout the year? Implications for top-predator studies
Published: 2010

45. Are African Black Oystercatchers good indicators of large-scale trends in intertidal community? A stable isotope study

Author: Kohler, Sophie, Mablouké, Cécile, Hill, Jaclyn M., Le Corre, Matthieu, Connan, M., Ludynia, Katrin, Kemper, Jessica, Huisanem, J, Underhill, Leslie G., Cherel, Yves, Mcquaid, Christopher D., Jaquemet, Sébastien, Alarcon, Nicolas, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine (ECOMAR), Université de La Réunion (UR), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Animal Demography Unit, University of Cape Town, African Penguin Conservation Project, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Oral presentation about Are African Black Oystercatchers good indicators of large-scale trends in intertidal community? A stable isotope study
Published: 2010

46. Geographic trends of stable isotope ratios in African Black Oystercatchers (Haematopus moquini) and their prey around the coast of South Africa

Author: Kohler, Sophie, Mablouké, Cécile, Hill, Jaclyn M., Connan, M., Bonnevie, Bo, Huisamen, Johan, Underhill, Leslie G., Mcquaid, Christopher D., Jaquemet, Sébastien, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine (ECOMAR), Université de La Réunion (UR), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Information Technology Division, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, CapeNature, Animal Demography Unit, University of Cape Town, and Alarcon, Nicolas
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Poster; International audience; Poster about Geographic trends of stable isotope ratios in African Black Oystercatchers (Haematopus moquini) and their prey around the coast of South Africa
Published: 2009

47. Impact of the oceanographic features of the South-African coastline on heavy metal concentrations of primary consumers of the intertidal zone and a top predator, the African Balck Oystercatcher

Author: Mablouké, Cécile, Kohler, Sophie, Mcquaid, Christopher D., Bustamante, Paco, Jaquemet, Sébastien, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine (ECOMAR), Université de La Réunion (UR), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Oral presentation about Impact of the oceanographic features of the South-African coastline on heavy metal concentrations of primary consumers of the intertidal zone and a top predator, the African Balck Oystercatcher
Published: 2009

48. Trophic ecology of grey-headed albatrosses from Marion Island, Southern Ocean: Insights from stomach contents and trophic tracers

Author: Richoux, Nicole B., Jaquemet, Sébastien, Cherel, Yves, Mcquaid, Christopher D., Alarcon, Nicolas, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine (ECOMAR), Université de La Réunion (UR), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], and University of Pretoria [South Africa]
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, education, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Oral presentation about Trophic ecology of grey-headed albatrosses from Marion Island, Southern Ocean: Insights from stomach contents and trophic tracers
Published: 2009

49. Regional study of stable isotope signatures in marine birds in western Indian Ocean: biogeographic and ecological interpretations

Author: Jaquemet, Sébastien, Catry, Teresa, Cherel, Yves, Le Corre, Matthieu, Mcquaid, Christopher D., Ramos, Jaime, Weimerskirch, Henri, Alarcon, Nicolas, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine (ECOMAR), Université de La Réunion (UR), Institute of Marine Research (IMAR), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], and IMAR-Institute of Marine Research, Department of Zoology
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, education, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Oral presentation about Regional study of stable isotope signatures in marine birds in western Indian Ocean: biogeographic and ecological interpretations
Published: 2009

50. Release from socially induced reproductive suppression in eusocial naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber) is marked by up-regulation of kisspeptin expression in the hypothalamic anteroventral periventricular nucleus

Author: Zhou, Simeng, Kalamatianos, T., Faulkes, G.C., Bennett, N.C., Caraty, Alain, Coen, C.W., King‘s College London, Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], University of London, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ProdInra, Migration, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], RAT-TAUPE, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], HORMONE GONADOTROPE, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [INFO] Computer Science [cs], HETEROCEPHALE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2008

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