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1. Emissions de N2O de l'assainissement Français : Etat des lieux et pistes de réduction

Author

Filali, Ahlem, Bouthour, Noura, Azimi, Sam, Bort, Romain, Garnier, Josette, Gillot, S., Gueguen, Celine, Rechdaoui-Guérin, Sabrina, Laville, Patricia, Huot, Sabine, Lecossais, Tatiana, Lemaire, Romain, Pradel, Marilys, Rocher, Vincent, Snidaro, Denis, Pierre, Frédéric, Sperandio, Mathieu, Trommsdorff, Corinne, Clifford, Adeline, Procédés biotechnologiques au service de l'environnement (UR PROSE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Association scientifique et technique pour l'eau et l'environnement (ASTEE), Association scientifique et technique pour l'eau et l'environnement, SIAAP - Direction Innovation, Centre Interprofessionnel Technique d'Etude des Pollutions Atmosphériques (CITEPA), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réduire, valoriser, réutiliser les ressources des eaux résiduaires (UR REVERSAAL), CITEPA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), NANTES METROPOLE NANTES, VEOLIA, Technologies et systèmes d'information pour les agrosystèmes (UR TSCF), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), SUEZ, Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), WATER CITIES, Astee, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Bilan carbone, Recommandation, Réduction, Protoxyde d'azote, Facteurs d'émission
Abstract

National audience; Afin d’améliorer la compréhension des émissions de protoxyde d’azote du secteur de l’assainissement et permettre l’élaboration de leviers d’action de réduction, le sous-groupe de travail de l’Astee « Méthodologie de quantification des émissions de N2O » présentera l’avancement de ses travaux relatifs à l’évaluation des valeurs de référence des facteurs d’émission pour la quantification de ce puissant gaz à effet de serre et discutera des possibles leviers d’action.

Published
2021

2. Elfe. Une base de données pour caractériser les émissions gazeuses

Author

Guingand, Nadine, Espagnol, Sandrine, Vigan, Aurore, Hassouna, Melynda, Lorinquer, Elise, Ponchant, Paul, Lagadec, Solène, Brame, Coline, Edouard, Nadège, Genermont, Sophie, Loyon, Laurence, Eugène, Maguy, Klumpp, Katja, Fiorelli, Jean-Louis, Mathias, Etienne, Legall, Cécile, Cohan, Jean-Pierrre, Eglin, Thomas, Robin, Paul, Institut du Porc, Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut de l'Elevage, Institut Technique de l'Aviculture et des Elevages de Petits Animaux (ITAVI), Chambre Régionale d'Agriculture de Bretagne, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Agro-Systèmes Territoires Ressources Mirecourt (ASTER Mirecourt), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre Interprofessionnel Technique d'Etude des Pollutions Atmosphériques (CITEPA), Terres Inovia, ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Institut du Porc (IFIP), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut de l'élevage (IDELE), ITAVI, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation ( SAS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut Technique de l'Aviculture et des Elevages de Petits Animaux ( ITAVI ), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] ( PEGASE ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes ( ECOSYS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Unité de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Agro-Systèmes Territoires Ressources Mirecourt ( ASTER Mirecourt ), Centre Interprofessionnel Technique d'Etude des Pollutions Atmosphériques ( CITEPA ), ARVALIS - Institut du Végétal, Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie ( ADEME ), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte

Subjects
base de données, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], gas emission, poultry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], metadata, herbivore, swine, émission gazeuse, élevage, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], volaille, métadonnée, effluent, porc
Abstract

In France, 70% of ammonia and 18% of greenhouse gas (GHG) originate from the livestock sector. Thus, improving knowledge on the magnitude and origin of gaseous emissions is essential to reduce them, and then meet societal requirements and setup regulations at national and European levels. A consortium involving research (Inra, Irstea) and technical development (Ifip, Itavi, Idele, CRAB, Terres Innovia, Arvalis) was created to implement a robust database (ELFE) gathering (inter)national literature references on gaseous emissions of poultry, pork, herbivore productions and related indicators. With the help of the database ELFE, we aim to determine emission factors (EF) for NH3, GHG, particles and odors in various technical itineraries integrating the different steps of animal and manure management (i.e. building, manure storage and treatment, spreading and pasture). Building the structure of the database was the first step of this project financed by the French Agency of the Environment and the Control of Energy (ADEME). Further on, national and international literature data were integrated into the database. At the moment, around 1,000 publications are recorded, essentially focusing on NH3 and GHG emissions. The next steps concentrate on data analysis to determine average EF’s per itinerary and EF-variability due to metadata (i.e. animal type, climate, diet, duration, storage type...). Outcomes will be published in scientific journals but also made available for stakeholders as guidance documents (i.e. fact sheets, technical reports). The purpose of these documents is to advise agricultural consultants and authorities on ways of reducing emissions and improving air quality in livestock production systems.

Published
2017

3. Comprendre les changements d'utilisation des terres en France pour mieux estimer leurs impacts sur les émissions de gaz à effet de serre. De l'observation à la modélisation

Author

Colas ROBERT, Laboratoire Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces (LADYSS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Interprofessionnel Technique d'Etude des Pollutions Atmosphériques (CITEPA), ADEME - CITEPA, Université Paris Denis Diderot, Marianne Cohen, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
Geography, qualité, carbon, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, LULUCF, Utilisation du sol, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, landscape, changements, données, robustesse, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, land-use change, data, quality, land-use, land-cover, carbone, UTCATF, paysage, Géographie, occupation du sol
Abstract

France is required to account for annual land-cover changes and induced carbon fluxes). This inventory is difficult to calculate, for data source are complex and contradictory. Moreover, this sector is important as its role in combating climate change is emphasized. This thesis proposes improvements to several identified methodological issues: imperfect data sources, lack of knowledge about other potential sources, , poorly evaluated uncertainties, validation of landscape dynamics consistency..Thus, the objective of this thesis is to analyse and assess current and potential data sources for computing land-cover change area matrixes, in order to enhance the robustness of the inventory. A scientific approach is conducted to assess the inventory, to understand what causes uncertainties in land cover products, to compile datasets and their metadata, to study the landscape dynamics, and to define a new methodological framework allowing better and more consistent estimates of land cover change rates at national scale.This work suggests that the finest spatial, thematical and temporal resolution levels lead to overestimation of false positives. Accuracy and consistency are preferable to precision and scale dependency must be considered. Finally, we propose an interoperability framework for data integration, via a modeling protocol linking land cover change estimation and spatial allocation.; Au titre de ses engagements, la France doit comptabiliser annuellement les changements d’occupation du sol et les flux de carbone associés. Cet inventaire, réalisé par le Citepa, est délicat à évaluer, car les données sources sont complexes et contradictoires. En outre, ce secteur présente des enjeux stratégiques dans la lutte contre le changement climatique. Les limites de cet inventaire sont de plusieurs ordres : données sources imparfaites ; manque de connaissance sur les autres données existantes pouvant être utilisées; incertitude mal évaluée ; nécessité de validation de la pertinence des dynamiques estimées. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser et d’évaluer les données sources (actuelles et potentielles) des matrices de changements d’occupation du sol afin d’améliorer la robustesse de l’inventaire. Il s’agit d’expertiser par une démarche scientifique la pertinence de l’inventaire. En particulier, il s’agit de comprendre les causes des incertitudes des données sources ; compiler les données disponibles et leurs métadonnées ; étudier qualitativement les dynamiques paysagères; et redéfinir un cadre méthodologique permettant d’estimer des taux de changements plus pertinents.Les résultats de ces travaux montrent que les niveaux de résolutions spatiales, thématiques et temporelles les plus précis entraînent la détection de faux positifs : la pertinence est à préférer à la précision, et les effets de dépendance d’échelle doivent être pris en compte. La thèse propose enfin un cadre d’interopérabilité afin d’intégrer des données hétérogènes au sein d’un nouveau protocole de modélisation alliant rééstimation des changements et allocation spatiale.

Published
2016

4. Projet ADEME CORTEA - Engins Mobiles Non-Routiers (EMNR)

Author

Lacour, S., Fraboulet, I., Mathias, E., Pascal Clain, Baltzinger, A., Benzai, S., Fiévet, A., Génie des procédés frigorifiques (UR GPAN), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), CITEPA PARIS FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), ESILV PARIS LA DEFENSE FRA, Technologies et systèmes d'information pour les agrosystèmes (UR TSCF), National Recherche (appel d'offres national ou régional), irstea, and Étude réalisée pour le compte de l'ADEME par l'INERIS, l'IRSTEA et le CITEPA convention N°1266C0104

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, INVENTAIRE NATIONAL D'EMISSIONS
Abstract

Off-road equipment and machinery are used in a lot of areas (industry, construction, agriculture, residential). Contrary to transport vehicles, they are not registered as a result the number of existing materials is poorly known and emissions are directly calculated using the fuel consumption and the emissions limit values fixed for regulated pollutants or data from the literature for non regulated compounds. In that context, the aim of the EMNR project has been to fill in gaps in knowledge regarding atmospheric pollutant emissions from Off-road equipment and machinery. This report deals with the emissions from 2 steps gasoline engines (chain saw) and heavy-duty diesel vehicles (tractors) and the update of emissions inventory for Off-road equipment and machinery.; Les engins mobiles non routiers (EMNR) sont présents dans de nombreux secteurs d'activités (i.e. engins de l'industrie, du BTP, de l'agriculture/sylviculture et du résidentiel/tertiaire). Ces engins n'étant pas enregistrés comme ceux du transport routier, les parcs sont mal connus et les émissions sont calculées directement à partir des consommations de carburant et de facteurs d'émission issus des Valeurs Limites d'Emission fixées pour les polluants réglementés, ou de quelques publications pour les composés non réglementés. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif du projet EMNR a été de contribuer à l'amélioration de la connaissance des émissions polluantes des engins non routiers. Ce rapport traite des émissions de petits engins équipés de motorisations 2 temps essence et d'engins lourds équipés de moteur diesel (tracteurs) et de la remise à jour des inventaires nationaux d'émission pour les engins non routiers.

Published
2015

5. Exposure to long-term nitrogen dioxide air pollution and breast cancer risk: A nested case-control within the French E3N cohort study

Author

Amadou, Amina, Praud, Delphine, Coudon, Thomas, Deygas, Floriane, Grassot, Lény, Dubuis, Mathieu, Faure, Elodie, Couvidat, Florian, Caudeville, Julien, BESSAGNET, Bertrand, Salizzoni, Pietro, Leffondré, Karen, Gulliver, John, Severi, Gianluca, Romana Mancini, Francesca, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Centre Interprofessionnel Technique d'Etude des Pollutions Atmosphériques (CITEPA), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon, Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Leicester, and International Society for Environmental Epidemiology

Subjects
hormone receptor status, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, breast cancer, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, residential history, epidemiology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Nitrogen dioxide, menopausal status
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND AND AIM: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of an important air pollutant due to its adverse effects on human health, however whether it is consistently associated with the risk of breast cancer (BC) is limited. In this study, we investigated the association between long term exposure to NO2 and risk of BC. METHODS: A total of 5,222 BC cases identified over the follow up period and 5,222 matched controls of a nested case-control study within a French E3N cohort study were examined. Mean exposure estimates to NO2 were estimated by CHIMERE and land use regression (LUR) models and assigned to the geocoded residential postal codes of participants for each year from recruitment 1990 through 2011. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Overall, in all women, for each 1 interquartile range (IQR) increase in NO2 levels (CHIMERE: 11.1 ug/m3, LUR: 17.8 ug/m3), the ORs of the model adjusted for confounders were 1.16(95% CI: 1.06-1.26) and 1.09(95% CI: 1.01-1.18) according to CHIMERE and LUR measures, respectively. The corresponding ORs in the fully model additionally adjusted for established BC risk factors = 1.13(95% CI: 1.03-1.24) for CHIMERE and 1.07(95% CI: 0.99-1.16) for LUR measures. Comparable results were found for postmenopausal women. Substantial heterogeneity in the ORs was observed by hormone receptor status, using NO2 measured by CHIMERE the ORs of the model 3 was 1.17 (95% CI: 1.04-1.31) for ER. With LUR NO2, the OR of ER+BC in the fully model = 1.08 (95% CI: 0.98-1.19). CONCLUSIONS: We provide an evidence of an increase BC risk in association with long term exposure to NO2 air pollution according to CHIMERE and LUR measures, with risks being higher for CHIMERE model. Subgroup analyses suggested stronger effects especially in postmenopausal women and for hormone dependent BC.

Published
2021

6. Risk of breast cancer associated with long-term exposure to Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) air pollution: Evidence from the French E3N cohort study

Author

Karen Leffondré, Julien Caudeville, Pietro Salizzoni, Bertrand Bessagnet, Thomas Coudon, Gianluca Severi, Elodie Faure, Amina Amadou, Lény Grassot, Floriane Deygas, Béatrice Fervers, Florian Couvidat, Delphine Praud, Francesca Mancini, John S. Gulliver, Civs, Gestionnaire, Radiations : Défense, Santé, Environnement [Lyon] (Inserm UA8), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Mecanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique (LMFA), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Centre Interprofessionnel Technique d'Etude des Pollutions Atmosphériques (CITEPA), University of Leicester, Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Florence, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), International Society for Environmental Epidemiology, Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Radiations : Défense, Santé, Environnement [Lyon] ( Inserm U1296 / UL2), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Lyon, and Admin, Oskar

Subjects
Oncology, hormone receptor status, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Cohort Studies, chemistry.chemical_compound, Risk Factors, Interquartile range, Epidemiology, residential history, differentiation grade, lcsh:Environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, lcsh:GE1-350, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, menopausal transition, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Benzo(a)pyrene, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Female, Cohort study, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Breast Neoplasms, Breast cancer, breast cancer, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Air Pollution, Internal medicine, medicine, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Humans, Adverse effect, airborne benzo[a]pyrene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, business.industry, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Case-Control Studies, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND: Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is an endocrine-disrupting pollutant formed during incomplete combustion of organic materials. It has been recognized as a reproductive and developmental toxicant, however epidemiological evidence of the long-term effect of ambient air BaP on breast cancer (BC) is limited. Thus we evaluated associations between ambient air BaP exposure and risk of BC, overall and according to menopausal status and molecular subtypes (estrogen receptor negative/positive (ER-/ER+) and progesterone receptor negative/positive (PR-/PR+)), stage and grade of differentiation of BC in the French E3N cohort study.METHODS: Within a nested case-control study of 5222 incident BC cases and 5222 matched controls, annual BaP exposure was estimated using a chemistry-transport model (CHIMERE) and was assigned to the geocoded residential addresses of participants for each year during the 1990-2011 follow-up period. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).RESULTS: Overall, cumulative airborne BaP exposure was significantly associated with the overall risk of BC, for each 1 interquartile range (IQR) increase in the concentration levels of BaP (1.42 ng/m(3)), the OR = 1.15 (95% CI: 1.04-1.27). However, by menopausal status, the significant positive association remained only in women who underwent menopausal transition (i.e. premenopausal women at inclusion who became postmenopausal at diagnosis), OR per 1 IQR = 1.20 (95% CI: 1.03-1.40). By hormone receptor status, positive associations were observed for ER+, PR + and ER + PR + BC, with ORs = 1.17 (95% CI: 1.04-1.32), 1.16 (95% CI: 1.01-1.33), and 1.17 (95% CI: 1.01-1.36) per 1 IQR, respectively. There was also a borderline positive association between BaP and grade 3 BC (OR per 1 IQR = 1.15 (95% CI: 0.99-1.34).CONCLUSIONS: We provide evidence of increased risk of BC associated with cumulative BaP exposure, which varied according to menopausal status, hormone receptor status, and grade of differentiation of BC. Our results add further epidemiological evidence to the previous experimental studies suggesting the adverse effects of BaP.

Published
2021
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7. Estimation of urban zonal speed dynamics from user-activity-dependent positioning data and regional paths

Author

Angelo Furno, Ludovic Leclercq, Manon Seppecher, Delphine Lejri, Thamara Vieira da Rocha, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Circulation Transport (LICIT UMR TE ), École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université de Lyon-Université Gustave Eiffel, and CITEPA

Subjects
LYON, TRAFFIC SPEED ESTIMATION, REGIONAL PATHS, Computer science, GPS, Population, Real-time computing, DUREE DU TRAJET, TRAVEL TIME ESTIMATION, ZONE URBAINE, Transportation, TELEPHONE MOBILE, 010501 environmental sciences, Management Science and Operations Research, 01 natural sciences, Set (abstract data type), GPS DATA, 0502 economics and business, 11. Sustainability, BIAS MODEL, TRAFIC ROUTIER, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Civil and Structural Engineering, 050210 logistics & transportation, Ground truth, education.field_of_study, TRAITEMENT DES DONNEES, Estimation theory, business.industry, VITESSE, 05 social sciences, Regression analysis, REGIONS, MODELISATION, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, GESTION DU TRAFIC, SIMULATEUR DE TRAFIC, Mobile phone, CDR DATA, Automotive Engineering, Global Positioning System, TRIPS architecture, LBNS DATA, business, MOBILE PHONE DATA
Abstract

Over the past few decades, the digitalization of services and infrastructures has led to the emergence of a broad set of new information sources to characterize human mobility. These sources usually offer valuable significant population penetration rates but may also suffer from important temporal sparsity. Data generated by user activity, such as social networks or mobile phone data, especially fit this description. Although this temporal sparsity might prevent estimating individual travel speeds, we state that such low-frequency positioning data enable estimating the average urban traffic speed dynamics when considering an adequate network partitioning. In this sense, this article proposes a new method, based on the division of the urban area of a given city into regions and on the analysis of a limited set of basic characteristics of individual vehicle trips, such as the regional path. Our solution first involves estimating robust travel times from travelers sharing similar trip features and then jointly analyzing these travel times to deduce the underlying regional traffic speeds, using regression analysis. We apply this methodology on a set of trips derived from a large GPS dataset of vehicle tracks covering the city of Lyon. These data are purposely downsampled to reduce the sampling rate and reproduce bias and temporal features that are proper to sparser but larger-scale, mobility data sources dependent on user’s communication activities. Controlling the data downsampling process allows us to evaluate the impacts of the progressive information loss on the speed estimation, while the raw GPS data provide the ground truth speed reference against which to compare our results. Provided that the amount of observed individual trips is sufficient, the analysis returns satisfying speed estimation results, both at low and high downsampling levels. Thus, we successfully demonstrate that it is possible to estimate zonal traffic speeds from degraded trip data without evaluating individual travel speeds.

Published
2021
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8. Challenges and opportunities to capture dietary effects in on-farm greenhouse gas emissions models of ruminant systems

Author

Ali R. Bayat, Maguy Eugène, Katja Klumpp, Peter Lund, André Bannink, Cecile A. M. de Klein, Gary Lanigan, Francisco Salazar, Arjan Jonker, Anais Durand, Mohammad Ramin, Tony J. van der Weerden, Les A. Crompton, Ronaldo Vibart, Björn Kuhla, Grasslands Research Centre, Invermay Agricultural Centre [New Zealand], Wageningen Livestock Research, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), University of Reading (UOR), CITEPA PARIS FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Teagasc - The Agriculture and Food Development Authority (Teagasc), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Remehue Research, and New Zealand Government S7-SOW16-ERAGAS-CEDERSMinistry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, The Netherlands AF-EU-18010Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)ALW.GAS.2Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Finland Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK French National Research Agency (ANR) Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Germany TEAGASC Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Ireland Innovation fund, Denmark Research Council for Environment, Areal Industries and Community Development, Sweden

Subjects
Greenhouse Effect, Farms, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Animal Nutrition, feeding management, Animal feed, dairy farm system, Agricultural engineering, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Greenhouse Gases, Ruminant, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Nitrous oxide, nitrous oxide, biology, methane, Hybrid type, Empirical modelling, Ruminants, Dairy farm system, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Manure, Diervoeding, Diet, Effluent, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, WIAS, Environmental science, Feeding management, Cattle, diet, effluent, Methane, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

International audience; This paper reviews existing on-farm GHG accounting models for dairy cattle systems and their ability to capture the effect of dietary strategies in GHG abatement. The focus is on methane (CH4) emissions from enteric and manure (animal excreta) sources and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from animal excreta. We identified three generic modelling approaches, based on the degree to which models capture diet-related characteristics: from 'none' (Type 1) to 'some' by combining key diet parameters with emission factors (EF) (Type 2) to 'many' by using process-based modelling (Type 3). Most of the selected on-farm GHG models have adopted a Type 2 approach, but a few hybrid Type 2 / Type 3 approaches have been developed recently that combine empirical modelling (through the use of CH4 and/or N2O emission factors; EF) and process-based modelling (mostly through rumen and whole tract fermentation and digestion). Empirical models comprising key dietary inputs (i.e., dry matter intake and organic matter digestibility) can predict CH4 and N2O emissions with reasonable accuracy. However, the impact of GHG mitigation strategies often needs to be assessed in a more integrated way, and Type 1 and Type 2 models frequently lack the biological foundation to do this. Only Type 3 models represent underlying mechanisms such as ruminal and total-tract digestive processes and excreta composition that can capture dietary effects on GHG emissions in a more biological manner. Overall, the better a model can simulate rumen function, the greater the opportunity to include diet characteristics in addition to commonly used variables. and thus the greater the opportunity to capture dietary mitigation strategies. The value of capturing the effect of additional animal feed characteristics on the prediction of on-farm GHG emissions needs to be carefully balanced against gains in accuracy, the need for additional input and activity data, and the variability encountered on-farm..

Published
2021
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9. Diesel, petrol or electric vehicles: What choices to improve urban air quality in the Ile-de-France region? A simulation platform and case study

Author

Sophie Moukhtar, Jean-Marc André, Michel André, Karine Sartelet, Matteo Redaelli, Département Composants et Systèmes (COSYS), Université Gustave Eiffel, Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Environnement Atmosphérique (CEREA), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), AIRPARIF - Surveillance de la qualité de l'air en Île-de-France, Centre Interprofessionnel Technique d'Etude des Pollutions Atmosphériques (CITEPA), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), and ANSES (2016-CRD-04)

Subjects
Pollution, Polyphemus, Atmospheric Science, Concentration, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Vehicle fleet, COPERT, Air pollution, Vehicle technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Pollutant, medicine.disease_cause, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 12. Responsible consumption, Diesel fuel, 11. Sustainability, medicine, Road traffic emissions, Air quality index, NOx, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, media_common, Diesel particulate filter, Environmental engineering, Scenario, Particulates, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Simulation
Abstract

This study was part of the work done by the ANSES working group on ambient particulate matter (chemical composition and road traffic emissions); International audience; Air pollution from road traffic and its mitigation is a major concern in most cities. A platform for simulating pollutant emissions and concentrations was developed and applied to the Île-de-France Region (Greater Paris) of France, taking account of anthropogenic and natural sources and ‘imported’ pollution from elsewhere in France and Europe. Four technological scenarios for 2025 were studied and compared to the 2014 reference situation (1-REF). These scenarios included the current evolution of the park with widespread adoption of diesel particulate filters (DPFs) (2-BAU), decline in the sale of diesel vehicles and a corresponding increase in petrol vehicle sales (3-PET), promotion of electric vehicles in urban areas (4-ELEC), and a combinaison with a decrease in traffic of about 15% in the densely populated area inside the A86 outer ring road (5-AIR). The corresponding vehicle fleets were determined using a fleet simulation model.Traffic pollutant emissions were computed with the COPERT4 European methodology and hourly traffic data over the Île-de-France road network. Particulate matter (PM10, PM2,5 and PM1,0), particles number (PN), black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), non-methane volatile organic compounds (VOC), ammonia (NH3), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were considered. Emissions for other sectors were taken from a regional inventory. Emissions outside the Île-de-France region (Europe and France) were derived from the European and French emission inventories. Pollutant concentrations (PM2,5, PM10, organic and inorganic PM10, PN, BC, NO2 and O3) were simulated over nested domains (Europe, France and Île-de-France) using the Polyphemus platform for two scenarios (2-BAU and 3-PET). Methodological aspects and results for Île-de-France are discussed here.All scenarios led to a sharp decrease in traffic emissions in Île-de-France (−30% to −60%) by 2025. The decline in diesel induced a stronger renewal of the fleet. PM and NOx emissions were more strongly reduced than VOC or NH3. Traffic reduction reduced all emissions in the densely populated area within the A86 outer ring road (−20% to −45% for exhaust particles and gaseous pollutants).The 2-BAU and 3-PET scenarios lowered annual average concentrations, especially for NO2 and BC, and more strongly influenced daily-peak than daily-average concentrations. In Île-de-France, PM of diameter

Published
2020
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10. Establishing a Diagnosis: Inventorying, Monitoring and Assessing

Author

Vincent Colomb, Benoit Gabrielle, Jean-François Castell, Carole Bedos, Christian Bockstaller, Aurélien Gouzy, Sophie Genermont, Etienne Mathias, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre interprofessionnel technique d'étude des pollutions atmosphériques (CITEPA), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement - Antenne Colmar (LAE-Colmar ), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), and Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)

Subjects
Pollution, Monitoring, media_common.quotation_subject, Air pollution, Public policy, Observation, Network, 010501 environmental sciences, Assessment, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, 11. Sustainability, medicine, Air quality index, Environmental planning, Risk management, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Pollutant, Ecosystem health, business.industry, Inventory, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Indicator, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Air quality, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, business
Abstract

International audience; Improving air quality is a major challenge for public health and the environment. Assessing the contribution of agricultural activity to air pollution and the resulting impacts is a prerequisite for recommending mitigation practices. More important, their long-term adoption can only be justified by performing a real-time assessment of their effectiveness. Since the 1990s, using emission indicators, air contamination levels and environmental impacts has indeed become a widespread means of supporting decision-making at different levels, risk management and public policy assessment. However, this assessment is made difficult owing to the complex network of processes involved and the variability in pollutant emission and deposition. This chapter first details the methodologies implemented for emission inventories, used to better target the largest contributing sources, to check whether national commitments have been met, and to assess the trends. It also presents observation networks established to monitor background air pollution, deposition as precipitation, gases and particles in rural and forest areas, and impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. Finally, it outlines the indicators used to assess the impacts of agricultural practices on human and ecosystem health via the atmospheric compartment and it gives examples of their practical use to manage pollution risks, evaluate agricultural practices or compare agricultural products.

Published
2020
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11. Aldo, a simple tool providing default estimates of carbon sequestration in soils, vegetation and wood products for territorial climate policies

Author

Perez, L., Gourdon, André, Chenu, Claire, Cozzi, T., Duparque, A., Martin, Manuel, Pellerin, Sylvain, Robert, Cédric, Scheurer, O., Colin, A., Bispo, Antonio, Buitrago, M., Eglin, T., Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Agrotransfert, InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Centre interprofessionnel technique d'étude des pollutions atmosphériques (CITEPA), Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais, and Institut géographique national [IGN] (IGN)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

12. A new Tier 3 method to calculate methane emission inventory for ruminants

Author

E. Mathias, Maguy Eugène, Daniel Sauvant, Pierre Noziere, Khaled Oueslati, Michel Lherm, D. Viallard, Michel Doreau, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants (MoSAR), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre interprofessionnel technique d'étude des pollutions atmosphériques (CITEPA), French Ministry of Agriculture (MAAPRAT, Programme 154 Action 14. Sous Action 12), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 0208 environmental biotechnology, Air pollution, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Methane, inventory method, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, Animals, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Emission inventory, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, business.industry, Environmental engineering, General Medicine, Manure, Diet, 020801 environmental engineering, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, ruminants, Greenhouse gas, Feedlot, Environmental science, Cattle, Female, Livestock, France, business, methane prediction
Abstract

International audience; Livestock is the main source of methane (CH4) emissions. It is important to accurately determine emissions from ruminants that meet standardized international guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. A new method to improve the accuracy of CH4 emissions that complies with IPCC rules for a Tier 3 method is described and evaluated. This method, developed by INRA (French Institute for Agricultural Research), was applied to the French inventory of CH4 emissions by ruminants and compared with the IPCC Tier 2 method. For enteric CH4, depending on the animal category, the INRA CH4 emission estimates lay between 88% and 114% of IPCC's. The INRA/IPCC ratio for enteric emission was close to unity and did not differ between methods (P = 0.43) for adult cows (i.e. most cattle). In France, feedlot manure is stored in aerobic conditions, and so the INRA/IPCC fit for manure emission was poorer (P

Published
2019
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13. Eaux, Déchets et Changement Climatique - Comment les services publics des déchets et de l’eau peuvent-ils atténuer leurs émissions de gaz à effet de serre et s’adapter au changement climatique ?

Author

Angibault, Delphine, Dechesne, Magali, Gueguen, Celine, Gillot, S., Hirtzberger, Pierre, Lafforgue, Michel, Lecossais, Tatiana, Schafer, Emmanuelle, SEDIF, Veolia Environnement (FRANCE), CITEPA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Réduire, valoriser, réutiliser les ressources des eaux résiduaires (UR REVERSAAL), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), SYCTOM, SUEZ Consulting, NANTES METROPOLE NANTES, SIAAP - Direction du Développement et de la Prospective, SIAAP, and ASTEE

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

14. Diagnostiquer :: inventorier, surveiller et évaluer

Author

Génermont, Sophie, Gabrielle, Benoit, Mathias, Etienne, Bedos, Carole, Bockstaller, Christian, Castell, Jean-François, Colomb, Vincent, Gouzy, Aurélien, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Centre Interprofessionnel Technique d'Etude des Pollutions Atmosphériques (CITEPA), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement - Antenne Colmar (LAE-Colmar ), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), and Editions Quae

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences
Published
2019

15. Diagnostiquer :: inventorier, surveiller et évaluer

Author

Génermont, Sophie, Gabrielle, Benoit, Mathias, Etienne, Bedos, Carole, Bockstaller, Christian, Castell, Jean-François, Colomb, Vincent, Gouzy, Aurélien, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Centre Interprofessionnel Technique d'Etude des Pollutions Atmosphériques (CITEPA), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement - Antenne Colmar (LAE-Colmar ), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), and Editions Quae

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences
Published
2019

16. Towards a Tier 3 methodology to calculate methane emission inventory for ruminants (cattle)

Author

Eugène, Maguy, Sauvant, Daniel, Noziere, Pierre, Viallard, Damien, Oueslati, Khaled, Lherm, Michel, Mathias, Etienne, Doreau, Michel, ProdInra, Migration, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants (MoSAR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Centre interprofessionnel technique d'étude des pollutions atmosphériques (CITEPA), Ministère Français de l'Agriculture, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [INFO] Computer Science [cs], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

National audience

Published
2018

17. Biodiversité et fragmentation des paysages

Author

Marianne Cohen, Laurence Jolivet, Colas ROBERT, Alan Vergnes, Espaces, Nature et Culture (ENeC), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de l'Information Géographique (LaSTIG), École nationale des sciences géographiques (ENSG), Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN)-Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN), Centre Interprofessionnel Technique d'Etude des Pollutions Atmosphériques (CITEPA), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Ministères en charge de l’Environnement et de l'Agriculture et l’Ademe., INRA, IFFSTAR, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
[SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography
Published
2017

18. Risk Marketing

Author

Boutang, Jérôme, De Lara, Michel, Centre Interprofessionnel Technique d'Etude des Pollutions Atmosphériques (CITEPA), Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Mathématiques et Calcul Scientifique (CERMICS), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC), Axa Research Fund--Paris School of Economics research projectThe economics and psychology of risk taking, impatience and financialdecisions: confronting survey, experimental and insurance data (2009-2011), and De Lara, Michel

Subjects
framing, bias, communication, questionnaire, 05 social sciences, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, perception, perceptual map, [SHS.PSY] Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, JEL: M - Business Administration and Business Economics • Marketing • Accounting • Personnel Economics/M.M3 - Marketing and Advertising/M.M3.M31 - Marketing, promise, attitude, positioning, 0502 economics and business, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, 050211 marketing, [SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, 050212 sport, leisure & tourism, risk
Abstract

Purpose In a modern world increasingly perceived as uncertain, the mere purchase of a household cleaning product, or a seemingly harmless bottle of milk, conveys interrogations about potential hazards, from environmental to health impacts. The main purpose of this paper is to suggest that risk could be considered as one of the major dimensions of choice for a wide range of concerns and markets, alongside aspiration/satisfaction, and tackled efficiently by mobilizing the recent findings of cognitive sciences, neurosciences and evolutionary psychology. It is felt that consumer research could benefit more widely from psychological and evolutionary-grounded risk theories. Design/methodology/approach In this study, some 50 years of marketing management literature, as well as risk-specialized literature, was examined in an attempt to get a grasp of how risk is handled by consumer sciences and of whether they make some use of the most recent academic works on mental biases, non-mainstream decision-making processes or evolutionary roots of behavior. We then tested and formulated several hypotheses regarding risk profiles and preferences in the sector of insurance, by participating in an Axa Research Fund–Paris School of Economics research project. Findings It is suggested that consumer profiles could be enriched by risk-taking attitudes, that risk could be part of the “reason why” of brand positioning, and that brand, as well as public policy communication, could benefit from a targeted use of risk perception biases. Originality/value This paper proposes to apply evolutionary-based psychological concepts to build perceptual maps describing people and consumers on both aspiration and risk attitude axis, and to design communication tools according to psychological research on message framing and biases. Such an approach mobilizes not only the recent findings of cognitive sciences and neurosciences but also the understanding of the roots of risk attitudes and perception. Those maps and framing could probably be applied to many sectors, markets and public issues, from commodities to personal products and services (food, luxury goods, electronics, financial products, tourism, design or insurance).

Published
2016

19. Synthesis

Author

Bellassen, Valentin, Stephan, Nicolas, Afriat, Marion, Alberola, Emilie, Barker, Alexandra, Chang, Jean-Pierre, Chiquet, Caspar, Cochran, Ian, Deheza, Mariana, Dimopoulos, Christopher, Foucherot, Claudine, Jacquier, Guillaume, Morel, Romain, Robinson, Roderick, Shishlov, Igor, Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Investissement, CDC Climat Recherche, Recherche, National Physical Laboratory [Teddington] (NPL), Centre interprofessionnel technique d'étude des pollutions atmosphériques (CITEPA), South Pole Carbon, CDC Climat, Bellassen, Valentin, and Stephan, Nicolas

Subjects
monitoring, reporting, carbon, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], verification (MRV), climate, carbon pricing
Abstract

absent

Published
2015

20. Monitoring, reporting and verifying emissions in the climate economy

Author

Claudine Foucherot, Caspar Chiquet, Nicolas Stephan, Valentin Bellassen, Christopher Dimopoulos, Jean-Pierre Chang, Alexandra Barker, Igor Shishlov, Mariana Deheza, Marion Afriat, Roderick Robinson, Romain Morel, Emilie Alberola, Guillaume Jacquier, Ian Cochran, Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Investissement, CDC Climat Recherche, Recherche, National Physical Laboratory [Teddington] (NPL), Centre Interprofessionnel Technique d'Etude des Pollutions Atmosphériques (CITEPA), and South Pole Carbon

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 020209 energy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 02 engineering and technology, Conventional wisdom, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 12. Responsible consumption, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, climate, carbon pricing, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Flexibility (engineering), reporting, Scope (project management), business.industry, carbon, Environmental resource management, verification (MRV), Grey literature, Environmental economics, Economies of scale, monitoring, Incentive, 13. Climate action, Materiality (law), Business, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract

This paper reviews the monitoring, reporting and verification of greenhouse-gas emissions needed for carbon-pricing and management mechanisms. The monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) of greenhouse-gas emissions is the cornerstone of carbon pricing and management mechanisms. Here we consider peer-reviewed articles and 'grey literature' related to existing MRV requirements and their costs. A substantial part of the literature is the regulatory texts of the 15 most important carbon pricing and management mechanisms currently implemented. Based on a comparison of key criteria such as the scope, cost, uncertainty and flexibility of procedures, we conclude that conventional wisdom on MRV is not often promoted in existing carbon pricing mechanisms. Quantification of emissions uncertainty and incentives to reduce this uncertainty are usually only partially applied, if at all. Further, the time and resources spent on small sources of emissions would be expected to be limited. Although provisions aiming at an effort proportionate to the amount of emissions at stake — 'materiality' — are widespread, they are largely outweighed by economies of scale: in all schemes, MRV costs per tonne are primarily driven by the size of the source.

Published
2015
Full Text
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21. Trendsetter for territorial schemes: national GHG inventories under the UNFCCC

Author

Jean-Pierre Chang, Valentin Bellassen, DépartementsTransports, Agriculture, Forêts, Centre interprofessionnel technique d'étude des pollutions atmosphériques (CITEPA), Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Bellassen, V., Stephan, N., and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte

Subjects
Monitoring, Verification (MRV), media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Climate change, carbon market, International trade, 12. Responsible consumption, Convention, national greenhouse gas inventories, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 11. Sustainability, Montreal Protocol, Economics, Earth Summit, Environmental planning, media_common, business.industry, climate economics, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], UNFCCC, Negotiation, Reporting, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, Kyoto Protocol, business
Abstract

Context The MRV of territorial/jurisdictional emissions, especially in the frame of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol, is the longest-lasting implementation of monitoring, reporting and verifying of GHG emissions. The concept of MRV was developed progressively in the frame of the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol through negotiation and scientific inputs from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The UNFCCC created an actual dynamic in this field, bringing together scientists, politicians, technicians and economists to build international consensus on how to track GHG emissions and their trends, in order to demonstrate compliance with emissions reduction targets. This MRV process has been applied for several years on a national scale the related experience and feedback are also useful for application to other scales. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was adopted at the “Rio Earth Summit” in 1992. Initially signed by 154 nations, it has 195 parties to date (end of 2014). The ultimate objective of this Convention is “to stabilise greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system” (Article 2 of the Convention). The scope of this Convention was to monitor all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol. The countries which signed the Convention (so-called Parties) meet annually to assess progress in combating climate change and possible changes in the framework of the Convention. This is called the Conferences of the Parties (COP). Thus, common rules on MRV, among other topics, have been decided at the COPs. In particular, the 9th COP in 2003 decided that Parties have to use the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines as a reference of good practice for the national GHG emissions inventories. The Convention divides countries into two sets of Parties. Annex I Parties are the industrialized countries which were members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1992 as well as countries with Economies In Transition (EITs), i.e., the former communist bloc.

Published
2015

22. Synthesis

Author

Bellassen, Valentin, Stephan, Nicolas, Afriat, Marion, Alberola, Emilie, Barker, Alexandra, Chang, Jean-Pierre, Chiquet, Caspar, Cochran, Ian, Deheza, Mariana, Dimopoulos, Christopher, Foucherot, Claudine, Jacquier, Guillaume, Morel, Romain, Robinson, Roderick, Shishlov, Igor, Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Investissement, CDC Climat Recherche, Recherche, National Physical Laboratory [Teddington] (NPL), Centre interprofessionnel technique d'étude des pollutions atmosphériques (CITEPA), South Pole Carbon, CDC Climat, Bellassen, Valentin, and Stephan, Nicolas

Subjects
monitoring, reporting, carbon, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], verification (MRV), climate, carbon pricing
Abstract

absent

Published
2015

23. Synthesis

Author

Bellassen, Valentin, Stephan, Nicolas, Afriat, Marion, Alberola, Emilie, Barker, Alexandra, Chang, Jean-Pierre, Chiquet, Caspar, Cochran, Ian, Deheza, Mariana, Dimopoulos, Christopher, Foucherot, Claudine, Jacquier, Guillaume, Morel, Romain, Robinson, Roderick, Shishlov, Igor, Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Investissement, CDC Climat Recherche, Recherche, National Physical Laboratory [Teddington] (NPL), Centre interprofessionnel technique d'étude des pollutions atmosphériques (CITEPA), South Pole Carbon, CDC Climat, Bellassen, Valentin, and Stephan, Nicolas

Subjects
monitoring, reporting, carbon, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], verification (MRV), climate, carbon pricing
Abstract

absent

Published
2015

24. Synthesis

Author

Bellassen, Valentin, Stephan, Nicolas, Afriat, Marion, Alberola, Emilie, Barker, Alexandra, Chang, Jean-Pierre, Chiquet, Caspar, Cochran, Ian, Deheza, Mariana, Dimopoulos, Christopher, Foucherot, Claudine, Jacquier, Guillaume, Morel, Romain, Robinson, Roderick, Shishlov, Igor, Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Investissement, CDC Climat Recherche, Recherche, National Physical Laboratory [Teddington] (NPL), Centre interprofessionnel technique d'étude des pollutions atmosphériques (CITEPA), South Pole Carbon, CDC Climat, Bellassen, Valentin, and Stephan, Nicolas

Subjects
monitoring, reporting, carbon, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], verification (MRV), climate, carbon pricing
Abstract

absent

Published
2015

25. Synthesis

Author

Bellassen, Valentin, Stephan, Nicolas, Afriat, Marion, Alberola, Emilie, Barker, Alexandra, Chang, Jean-Pierre, Chiquet, Caspar, Cochran, Ian, Deheza, Mariana, Dimopoulos, Christopher, Foucherot, Claudine, Jacquier, Guillaume, Morel, Romain, Robinson, Roderick, Shishlov, Igor, Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Investissement, CDC Climat Recherche, Recherche, National Physical Laboratory [Teddington] (NPL), Centre interprofessionnel technique d'étude des pollutions atmosphériques (CITEPA), South Pole Carbon, CDC Climat, Bellassen, Valentin, and Stephan, Nicolas

Subjects
monitoring, reporting, carbon, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], verification (MRV), climate, carbon pricing
Abstract

absent

Published
2015

26. Les émissions d'ammoniac et de gaz azotés à effet de serre en agriculture

Author

José Martinez, Pagliari-Thibert, C., Gaborit, G., Sophie Génermont, Hacala, S., Loyon, L., Gestion environnementale et traitement biologique des déchets (UR GERE), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), CORPEN, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), CITEPA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de l'élevage (IDELE), and Irstea Publications, Migration

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

L'azote est un facteur clé de la production agricole et sa gestion a des conséquences très importantes sur l'environnement. En effet, les enjeux environnementaux d'une gestion durable de l'azote en agriculture concernent à la fois les ressources en eau, en air et la biodiversité. A l'instar des nitrates largement médiatisés depuis les années 80, les gaz azotés tels que l'ammoniac (NH3) et le protoxyde d'azote (N2O) ont des impacts très importants, tant sur la santé (humaine et animale) que sur le milieu naturel et méritent, de ce fait, qu'on leur accorde une grande attention. Les émissions de ces deux gaz relevant de l'activité humaine sont pour l'essentiel d'origine agricole et une grande partie provient des déjections des animaux d'élevage. Alors que les effets irritants, voire toxiques, de l'ammoniac se manifestent localement (vis à vis des éleveurs et des élevages), ses effets polluants sur l'environnement peuvent s'étendre sur une zone géographique beaucoup plus vaste. D'autre part, le protoxyde d'azote est un gaz à effet de serre dont le pouvoir radiatif est 310 fois plus élevé que celui du CO2. Dans cette brochure, il s'agit principalement de dresser l'état des connaissances sur l'ammoniac (NH3) et sur les autres gaz azotés notamment le protoxyde d'azote (N2O) - ayant un effet sur notre environnement - afin d'en dégager des orientations et des recommandations pouvant être utiles aux techniciens et aux instances décisionnelles. Sont abordées seulement les pratiques exercées au sein des exploitations agricoles et non dans l'ensemble du secteur agricole (fabrication d'engrais). Les émissions d'ammoniac peuvent être réduites en introduisant des mesures techniques au sein des exploitations d'élevage. Ces techniques comprennent des stratégies alimentaires pour réduire l'azote contenu dans les déjections animales (et donc le potentiel d'émission d'ammoniac), de nouvelles configurations des bâtiments d'élevage et des méthodes pour réduire les émissions issues du stockage et de l'épandage des déjections. Ce document s'articule en quatre volets : 1. Le premier volet propose de rappeler et de détailler les différentes étapes d'émission de composés azotés gazeux dans le cycle de l'azote et dans l'environnement. 2. Puis, le cas des émissions azotées provenant des activités agricoles en France est abordé sous l'angle de la quantification et des inventaires des différentes sources d'émission. 3. Le troisième chapitre poursuit avec les différents types de gestion et de transformation de l'azote à la ferme. 4. Le dernier chapitre propose des méthodes d'atténuation des émissions d'ammoniac et de protoxyde d'azote, tant au niveau des bâtiments d'élevage et du stockage, que de l'épandage au champ.

Published
2006

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