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26 results on '"Before Present"'

1. Dust arriving in the Amazon basin over the past 7,500 years came from diverse sources

Author: Cybelli G. G. Barbosa, Juliana Silva Nogueira, M. H. Shimizu, Gabriel Martins, Renato Campello Cordeiro, Abdelfettah Sifeddine, Gilberto da Silva Vaz, Ricardo H. M. Godoi, Heitor Evangelista, Carla Cristine Aguiar Neto, L. S. Moreira, Bruno Turcq, Keila Aniceto, Claudio de Morisson Valeriano, Artur Cezar Bastos Neto, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Variabilité à long terme du climat de l'océan (VALCO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Fluminense Federal University [Niterói], Federal University of Amazonas, Universidade La Salle [Canoas, Brasil], Federal University of Paraná, Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies [São Paulo] (CPTEC), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Amazon rainforest, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Rainforest, 15. Life on land, Mineral dust, Before Present, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Arid, Geography, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Period (geology), General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Satellite imagery, Physical geography, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: A large amount of dust from the Sahara reaches the Amazon Basin, as observed with satellite imagery. This dust is thought to carry micronutrients that could help fertilize the rainforest. However, considering different atmospheric transport conditions, different aridity levels in South America and Africa and active volcanism, it is not clear if the same pathways for dust have occurred throughout the Holocene. Here we present analyses of Sr-Nd isotopic ratios of a lacustrine sediment core from remote Lake Pata in the Amazon region that encompasses the past 7,500 years before present, and compare these ratios to dust signatures from a variety of sources. We find that dust reaching the western Amazon region during the study period had diverse origins, including the Andean region and northern and southern Africa. We suggest that the Sahara Desert was not the dominant source of dust throughout the vast Amazon basin over the past 7,500 years. Mineral dust deposited over the western Amazon region through the Holocene is not limited to a Saharan source and instead has diverse origins, according to geochemical fingerprinting of dust from lacustrine deposits.
Published: 2021

2. Ancient West African foragers in the context of African population history

Author: Isabelle Crevecoeur, Mark Lipson, Neil Bradman, Krishna R. Veeramah, Mark G. Thomas, Iñigo Olalde, Elizabeth A. Sawchuk, Swapan Mallick, Patrick Semal, Jonas Oppenheimer, Nick Patterson, Isabelle Ribot, Wim Van Neer, Christophe Mbida Mindzie, Ann Marie Lawson, Douglas J. Kennett, Brendan J. Culleton, Mary E. Prendergast, Hervé Bocherens, Nicole Adamski, Rosine Orban, Saioa López, Nadin Rohland, R. Asombang, Scott MacEachern, David Reich, P. Lavachery, Pierre de Maret, Carles Lalueza-Fox, Els Cornelissen, Kristin Stewardson, Garrett Hellenthal, Forka Leypey Mathew Fomine, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Fund for Scientific Research (Belgium), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Leakey Foundation, Royal Museum for Central Africa (Belgium), Bradman Foundation, Long Melford Community Sports Trust, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK), Université de Montréal, Wellcome Trust, Royal Society (UK), Fundación 'la Caixa', Generalitat de Catalunya, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), and National Science Foundation (US)
Subjects: Genetic Markers, Male, 010506 paleontology, Burial, Pan troglodytes, Human Migration, Population, Black People, Homeland, Bantu languages, Context (language use), 01 natural sciences, Article, Haplogroup, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, Humans, Cameroon, DNA, Ancient, Child, education, Alleles, History, Ancient, Phylogeny, Language, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Principal Component Analysis, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Chromosomes, Human, Y, Multidisciplinary, Genome, Human, Généralités, Feeding Behavior, Before Present, West african, Genetics, Population, Geography, Archaeology, Haplotypes, African population, Child, Preschool, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Ethnology, Female
Abstract: Our knowledge of ancient human population structure in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly prior to the advent of food production, remains limited. Here we report genome-wide DNA data from four children—two of whom were buried approximately 8,000 years ago and two 3,000 years ago—from Shum Laka (Cameroon), one of the earliest known archaeological sites within the probable homeland of the Bantu language group1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11. One individual carried the deeply divergent Y chromosome haplogroup A00, which today is found almost exclusively in the same region12,13. However, the genome-wide ancestry profiles of all four individuals are most similar to those of present-day hunter-gatherers from western Central Africa, which implies that populations in western Cameroon today—as well as speakers of Bantu languages from across the continent—are not descended substantially from the population represented by these four people. We infer an Africa-wide phylogeny that features widespread admixture and three prominent radiations, including one that gave rise to at least four major lineages deep in the history of modern humans., The Shum Laka excavations were supported by the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS), the Université Libre de Bruxelles, the Royal Museum for Central Africa and the Leakey Foundation. The collection of samples from present-day individuals in Cameroon was supported by N. Bradman and the Melford Charitable Trust. The genotyping of the present-day individuals sampled from Cameroon was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (grant number BB/L009382/1). I.R. was supported by a Université de Montréal exploration grant (2018-2020). M.G.T. was supported by Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator Award Grant 100719/Z/12/Z. G.H. was supported by a Sir Henry Dale Fellowship jointly funded by the Wellcome Trust and the Royal Society (grant number 098386/Z/12/Z). C.L-F. was supported by Obra Social La Caixa 328, Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya (GRC 2017 SGR 880), and a FEDER-MINECO grant (PGC2018-095931-B-100). Radiocarbon work was supported by the NSF Archaeometry program (grant BCS-1460369) to D.J.K. and B.J.C. M.E.P. was supported by a fellowship from the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University during the development of this project. D.R. was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIGMS GM100233), by an Allen Discovery Center grant and by grant 61220 from the John Templeton Foundation, and is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Published: 2020

3. AMOC and summer sea ice as key drivers of the spread in mid-holocene winter temperature patterns over Europe in PMIP3 models

Author: Julien Cattiaux, Alina Găinuşă-Bogdan, Didier Swingedouw, Simon Michel, Francis Codron, Pascal Yiou, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Océan et variabilité du climat (VARCLIM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), ANR-10-LABX-0018,L-IPSL,LabEx Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL): Understand climate and anticipate future changes(2010), European Project: 312979,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2012-1,IS-ENES2(2013), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Inter-model spread, Anomaly (natural sciences), Northern Hemisphere, Before Present, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, 13. Climate action, North Atlantic oscillation, Climatology, Mid-Holocene, Period (geology), Sea ice, NAO, Climate model, AMOC, Holocene, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, PMIP3
Abstract: The mid-Holocene (6000 years before present) was a warmer period than today in summer in most of the Northern Hemisphere. In winter, over Europe, pollen-based reconstructions show a dipole of temperature anomalies as compared to present-day, with warmer conditions in the north and colder in the south. It has been proposed that this pattern of temperature anomaly could be explained by a persisting positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation during this period, which was, however, not reproduced in general by climate models. Indeed, PMIP3 models show a large spread in their response to the mid-Holocene insolation changes, the physical origins of which are not understood. To improve the understanding of the reconstructed temperature changes and of the PMIP3 model spread, we analyze the dynamical response of these model simulations in the North Atlantic for mid-Holocene conditions as compared to pre-industrial. We focus on the European pattern of temperature in winter and compare the simulations with a pollen-based reconstruction. We find that some of the model simulations yield a similar pattern to the reconstructed one, but with far lower amplitude, although it remains within the reconstruction uncertainty. We attribute the northern warm part of the latitudinal dipole of temperature anomaly in winter to a lower sea-ice cover in the Nordic Seas. The decrease of sea ice in winter indeed reduces the local sea-ice insulation effect, allowing the released ocean heat to reach continental northern Europe. This decrease in winter sea-ice cover is related to an increase in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and its associated ocean heat transport, as well as the effect of insolation changes on sea ice in summer, which persists until winter. We only find a slight cooling signal over southern Europe, compared to reconstructions, mainly related to the insolation-induced cooling in winter over Africa. We show that the models that failed to reproduce any AMOC increase under mid-Holocene conditions are also the ones that do not reproduce the temperature pattern over Europe. The change in sea level pressure is not sufficient to explain the spread among the models. The ocean-sea ice mechanisms that we proposed constitute an alternative explanation to the pattern of changes in winter temperatures over Europe in the mid-Holocene, which is in better agreement with available model simulations of this period. Finally, we evaluate if reconstructions of the AMOC for the mid-Holocene can provide interesting emerging constraints on key changes in European climate, and indirectly on AMOC response to on-going and future radiative changes. Although there is a significant link between the response of the mid-Holocene and projections, it remains limited. The proposed mechanism does not appear to be sufficient to explain the large discrepancies between models and reconstruction data for the summertime period.
Published: 2020

4. U-Th and radiocarbon dating of calcite speleothems from gypsum caves (Emilia Romagna, North Italy)

Author: Paolo Montagna, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards, Andrea Columbu, Jon Woodhead, Quan Hua, John Hellstrom, Jian-xin Zhao, Edwige Pons-Branchu, Russell N. Drysdale, Université de Bologne, University of Melbourne, School of Earth Sciences [Melbourne], Faculty of Science [Melbourne], University of Melbourne-University of Melbourne, University of Minnesota System, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation [Australie] (ANSTO), Radiogenic Isotope Facility - School of Earth Sciences, Istituto di Scienze Marine [Bologna] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), Andrea Columbu, Russell Drysdale, John Hellstrom, Jon Woodhead, Hai Cheng, Quan Hua, Jian-xin Zhao, Paolo Montagna, Edwige Pons-Branchu, R. Lawrence Edwards, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Stratigraphy, Geochemistry, Speleothems, U-Th dating, Radiocarbon, Evaporite karst: Gypsum caves, Palaeoclimate, Stalagmite, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Palaeoclimate, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cave, law, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Radiocarbon dating, Evaporite karst: Gypsum caves, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Calcite, U-Th dating, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geology, 15. Life on land, Before Present, Karst, Radiocarbon, Speleothems, chemistry, Interglacial, Radiometric dating
Abstract: High-resolution U-Th and 14C dating of two calcite flowstones (RTf: Last Interglacial; RTy: Late Holocene) from the Re Tiberio – Monte Tondo karst system (North Italy) is presented to investigate the palaeoclimate potential of speleothems from gypsum caves. To date, there is a lack of information regarding the dating potential of calcite speleothems that have grown in such gypsum karst environment (e.g. no pseudokarst). High-resolution U-Th dating, aimed at establishing if these speleothems can provide robust radiometric age sequences, is first presented. Although both samples show promise for reliable radiometric dating, about 20% of the ages in the RTf dataset were excluded from the age-model as outliers. These outliers are best explained by post-depositional diagenetic processes affecting the U-Th system rather than anything specific to gypsum karst environment conditions. In contrast, outliers were not detected in the RTy sample, but U-Th analysis was not able to constrain its relatively young age (∼600 years before present, B.P.). Consequently, radiocarbon measurements were undertaken, and combined with the U-Th ages to build an age-model. The latter allowed the estimation of “dead carbon fraction” (DCF), which yields a constant value through time, and a magnitude comparable to other sites where climate is similar to Monte Tondo. Soils were considered the main source of carbon, because bedrock dissolution acted predominantly under open-system conditions, and soil organic matter (SOM) turnover rate appears above average compared to sites studied elsewhere.
Published: 2019

5. Chronology of Holocene storm events along the European Atlantic coast

Author: Marc Robin, Natalia Piotrowska, Pierre Pouzet, Mohamed Maanan, Pierre Stéphan, Agnès Baltzer, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Silesian University of Technology, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Nantes), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Brest), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geography, Planning and Development, 01 natural sciences, European coasts, law.invention, law, Storm events, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Climate change, 14. Life underwater, Radiocarbon dating, Sedimentology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Northern Hemisphere, Storm, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Before Present, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Global cooling, Geology, Chronology
Abstract: International audience; This paper reviews the reconstruction of European Atlantic storm events with the contribution of a new stormy reconstruction in its central part. Three marsh environments on the island of Yeu were chosen to identify disturbing storm events from the Mid- to Late Holocene with vibracore sampling, radiocarbon dating and sedimentary analysis. Nine probable intervals of high energy deposition in these low-transport-activity environments are estimated: 600–500, near 1590, 2100–1950, 2850–2350, 3500–3270, 5400–5370, 6650–6510, near 7000 and between 7670 and 7470 calibrated years before present (cal y BP). By comparison with sedimentological paleostorm studies, we confirm six European Atlantic storm events estimated at near 600–300, 1700–1100, 2900–2500, 3500–3300, 5500–5100 and 7700–7100 cal y BP, corresponding to worldwide Holocene cooling climatic periods. A comparison with other storminess reviews of worldwide main stormy coasts shows that Holocene storms can increase during global cooling periods in the northern hemisphere.
Published: 2018

6. On the origin of Iberomaurusians: new data based on ancient mitochondrial DNA and phylogenetic analysis of Afalou and Taforalt populations

Author: Chokri Naouali, Sonia Abdelhak, Eliane Beraud-Colomb, Sana Hsouna, Haifa Jmel, Rym Kefi, Eric Bouzaid, Alain Stevanovitch, Meriem Hechmi, Laboratoire de Génomique Biomédicale et Oncogénétique - Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory (LR11IPT05), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM)-Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Laboratoire de police scientifique de Marseille (INPS/LPS13), Institut National de Police Scientifique (INPS), Rym Kefi, Meriem Hechmi, Haifa Jmel, Sana Hsouna and Sonia Abdelhak belong to MEDIGENE Project grant agreement number 279171 (FP7-HEALTH-2011)., and We kindly thank Pr. Henry de Lumley and Pr. Dominique Grimaud-Hervé, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine de Paris, for giving us the authorization to work on the specimens of Taforalt and Afalou. We also thank Cedric Favre for his valuable comments.
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Mediterranean climate, MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Africa, Northern, MESH: DNA, Ancient, mitochondrial DNA, 030105 genetics & heredity, MESH: History, Ancient, Genetic diversity, MESH: Mediterranean Region, Africa, Northern, MESH: Genetic Variation, History, Ancient, Phylogeny, MESH: Phylogeny, education.field_of_study, Phylogenetic tree, Mediterranean Region, Genetic structure, MESH: Genome, Mitochondrial, Gene Flow, Population, MESH: Genetics, Population, Biology, DNA, Mitochondrial, White People, 03 medical and health sciences, Epiplaeolithic, MESH: European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics, parasitic diseases, Genetics, Humans, DNA, Ancient, education, Molecular Biology, ancient DNA, MESH: Gene Flow, MESH: Humans, Genetic Variation, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Before Present, North Africa, Archaeology, Genetics, Population, 030104 developmental biology, Ancient DNA, Iberomaurusian, Genome, Mitochondrial, MESH: DNA, Mitochondrial
Abstract: International audience; The Western North African population was characterized by the presence of Iberomaurusian civilization at the Epiplaeolithic period (around 20,000 years before present (YBP) to 10,000 YBP). The origin of this population is still not clear: they may come from Europe, Near East, sub-Saharan Africa or they could have evolved in situ in North Africa. With the aim to contribute to a better knowledge of the settlement of North Africa we analysed the mitochondrial DNA extracted from Iberomaurusian skeletons exhumed from the archaeological site of Afalou (AFA) (15,000-11,000 YBP) in Algeria and from the archaeological site of Taforalt (TAF) (23,000-10,800 YBP) in Morocco. Then, we carried out a phylogenetic analysis relating these Iberomaurusians to 61 current Mediterranean populations. The genetic structure of TAF and AFA specimens contains only North African and Eurasian maternal lineages. These finding demonstrate the presence of these haplotypes in North Africa from at least 20,000 YBP. The very low contribution of a Sub-Saharan African haplotype in the Iberomaurusian samples is confirmed. We also highlighted the existence of genetic flows between Southern and Northern coast of the Mediterranean.
Published: 2017

7. Temperature Range Shifts for Three European Tree Species over the Last 10,000 Years

Author: Antoine Guisan, Rachid Cheddadi, Manuel Chevalier, Matthieu Carré, Mary E. Edwards, Miguel B. Araújo, Luigi Maiorano, Peter B. Pearman, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Biogeografia y Cambio Global, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), University of Évora [Portugal], Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin', Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), University of Southampton, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Department of Ecology and Evolution [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Department of Plant Biology and Ecology (Bilbao, Spain), Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, European Commission, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Université de Lausanne (UNIL), and Basque Foundation for Science (Ikerbasque)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Abies, Fagus, Holocene, Picea, niche conservatism, past climate reconstruction, Range (biology), Plant Science, lcsh:Plant culture, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Fagus sylvatica, lcsh:SB1-1110, Original Research, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecological niche, biology, Ecology, Picea abies, 15. Life on land, Before Present, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, Abies alba, Geography, 13. Climate action, Spatial variability, Physical geography, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology
Abstract: We quantified the degree to which the relationship between the geographic distribution of three major European tree species, Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies and January temperature (Tjan) has remained stable over the past 10,000 years. We used an extended data-set of fossil pollen records over Europe to reconstruct spatial variation in Tjan values for each 1000-year time slice between 10,000 and 3000 years BP (before present). We evaluated the relationships between the occurrences of the three species at each time slice and the spatially interpolated Tjan values, and compared these to their modern temperature ranges. Our results reveal that F. sylvatica and P. abies experienced Tjan ranges during the Holocene that differ from those of the present, while A. alba occurred over a Tjan range that is comparable to its modern one. Our data suggest the need for re-evaluation of the assumption of stable climate tolerances at a scale of several thousand years. The temperature range instability in our observed data independently validates similar results based exclusively on modeled Holocene temperatures. Our study complements previous studies that used modeled data by identifying variation in frequencies of occurrence of populations within the limits of suitable climate. However, substantial changes that were observed in the realized thermal niches over the Holocene tend to suggest that predicting future species distributions should not solely be based on modern realized niches, and needs to account for the past variation in the climate variables that drive species ranges., This work was funded by the EU ECOCHANGE project (Contract No. 066866 GOCE granted to AG, MA, ME, and RC).
Published: 2016

8. Estimation of successive coseismic vertical offsets using coeval sedimentary events – application to the southwestern limit of the Sea of Marmara's Central Basin (North Anatolian Fault)

Author: B. Mercier de Lépinay, F. Jouanne, Christian Beck, M. Namık Çağatay, Corina Campos, Kürşad Kadir Eriş, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Firat University Faculty of Engineering Geology Department, Maden Fakültesi = Faculty of mines [Istanbul], Istanbul Technical University (ITÜ), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)
Subjects: lcsh:GE1-350, lcsh:QE1-996.5, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, North Anatolian Fault, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Landslide, Before Present, Structural basin, Fault scarp, lcsh:TD1-1066, Turbidite, lcsh:Geology, Sedimentary depositional environment, lcsh:G, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Sedimentary rock, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Seismology, Geology
Abstract: In the deep part of the Sea of Marmara (Turkey), the sedimentation developing upon the North Anatolian Fault is strongly influenced by the associated seismic activity, through gravity reworking (fluidized landslides) and tsunamis. Specific layers (homogenites + turbidites, HmTu), representing individual sedimentary events, have been characterized along three giant piston cores retrieved from the Çinarcik and Central (or Orta) basins. Pre-Holocene, nonmarine sediments, were analyzed, representing the last 12–17 kyr BP (before present). For a 2 kyr long interval, 11 events could be precisely correlated on both sides of the Central Basin's southwestern scarp. For each of them, based on the specific depositional process, the thickness difference between the two sites was considered as a direct estimation of the vertical component of a coeval coseismic offset. The homogenite (upper) component accounts for the major part of the thickness difference (ranging from 36 to 144 cm). These offsets were considered as likely representing dominantly vertical throws, along the transtensional southwestern boundary of the inner, pull-apart Central Basin. In terms of natural hazards, further investigations on this local behavior should rather be directed to tsunami genesis.
Published: 2015

9. Circulation of whale-bone artifacts in the northern Pyrenees during the late Upper Paleolithic

Author: Jean-Marc Pétillon, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), and Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Technology, 010506 paleontology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Range (biology), Oceans and Seas, 01 natural sciences, Bone and Bones, Paleontology, Cave, Animals, Humans, 0601 history and archaeology, 14. Life underwater, Magdalenian, Anthropology, Cultural, History, Ancient, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 060102 archaeology, Coastal and island archaeology, Pyrenees, Whales, 06 humanities and the arts, Before Present, Geographic distribution, Baleen, Anthropology, Western europe, Circulation networks, Upper Paleolithic, France, Geology, Whale bone
Abstract: The importance of coastal resources in the late Upper Paleolithic of western Europe has been reevaluated in recent years thanks to a growing body of new archeological evidence, including the identification of more than 50 implements made of whale bone in the Magdalenian level of the Isturitz cave (western Pyrenees). In the present study, the assemblages of osseous industry from 23 Magdalenian sites and site clusters in the northern Pyrenees were investigated, systematically searching for whale-bone implements. The objective of this research was to determine if, and how, tools and weapons of coastal origin were circulated beyond Isturitz into the inland, and if similar implements existed on the eastern, Mediterranean side of the Pyrenees. A total of 109 whale-bone artifacts, mostly projectile heads of large dimensions, were identified in 11 sites. Their geographic distribution shows that whale bone in the Pyrenean Magdalenian is exclusively of Atlantic origin, and that objects made of this material were transported along the Pyrenees up to the central part of the range at travel distances of at least 350 km from the seashore. This phenomenon seems to have taken place during the second half of the Middle Magdalenian and the first half of the Late Magdalenian, ca. 17,500-15,000 cal BP (calibrated years before present). The existence of a durable, extended coastal-inland interaction network including the circulation of regular tools is thus demonstrated. Additionally, differences between the whale-bone projectile heads of the Middle Magdalenian and those of the Late Magdalenian document an evolutionary process in the design of hunting weapons.
Published: 2013

10. Egyptian mummies record increasing aridity in the Nile valley from 5500 to 1500yr before present

Author: Romain Amiot, Janne Blichert-Toft, Alexandra Touzeau, François Martineau, François Fourel, Jenefer Cockitt, Jean-Pierre Flandrois, Christophe Lécuyer, Keith Hall, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Bioinformatique, phylogénie et génomique évolutive (BPGE), Département PEGASE [LBBE] (PEGASE), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Manchester [Manchester], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010401 analytical chemistry, Geochemistry, Before Present, 01 natural sciences, Arid, Isotopes of oxygen, Isotopes of strontium, 0104 chemical sciences, Apatite carbonate, Paleontology, Geophysics, Late period, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Pluvial, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Oxygen isotope compositions were measured in teeth (n=29) and bones (n=41) from Egyptian mummies of humans (n=48) in order to track the δ18O evolution of the Nile from 5500 to 1500 B.P. The combination of δ18O values of apatite carbonate and phosphate was used to filter the database for post mortem alteration of bioapatites, while 87Sr/86Sr ratios were used to detect potential allochthonous people buried in the various archeological sites located along the Nile. This approach led to only five apatite samples out of seventy to be discarded from the database. The remaining oxygen isotope compositions of both tooth and bone phosphates from ancient Egyptians were converted into the composition of ingested water ultimately originating from the Nile. It was found that δ18O of Nile waters increases progressively from −1.6 to +1.5 (‰ VSMOW) from the Predynastic (∼5500 B.P.) through the Late Period (∼2550 B.P.). This trend towards higher Nile δ18O values acquired in more recent times is coherent with a general drying trend in Northeast Africa, which was not limited to a drying spell at the end of the Nabtian Pluvial (ca. 12,000 B.P. –ca. 6000 B.P.), but extended far into the following millennia nearly to the beginning of the Common Era (1950 B.P.).
Published: 2013

11. The Upper Palaeolithic site of Kalavan 1 (Armenia): An Epigravettian settlement in the Lesser Caucasus

Author: Boris Gasparyan, Adrian Bălăşescu, Jérémie Liagre, Samvel Nahapetyan, Christine Chataigner, Vincent Ollivier, Cyril Montoya, Ruben Ghukasyan, David Colonge, Sébastien Joannin, Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), National Museum of Romanian History, Centre National de Recherches Pluridisciplinaires, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service archéologique de la ville de Lyon, Mairie de Lyon, Department of Cartography and Geomorphology, Yerevan State University, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia [Yerevan] (NAS RA), ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Economies, sociétés et environnements préhistoriques (ESEP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Musée National d'Histoire de Bucarest (MNIR), MNIR, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Ville de Lyon, École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Economies, sociétés et environnements préhistoriques ( ESEP ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Musée National d'Histoire de Bucarest ( MNIR ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique ( LAMPEA ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives ( Inrap ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés ( TRACES ), École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives ( Inrap ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien ( Archéorient ), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 ( UL2 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Lesser Caucasus, Geologic Sediments, Technology, Fauna, [ SDU.STU.ST ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, 01 natural sciences, [ SHS.GEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 0601 history and archaeology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 060102 archaeology, Fossils, Goats, [ SDU.STU.TE ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, 06 humanities and the arts, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Armenia, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Mountain chain, Geography, Archaeology, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Epigravettian, Upper Paleolithic, [ SDU.STU.CL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 010506 paleontology, Hearth, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [ SDU.STU.GL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, [ SHS.ENVIR ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Bone and Bones, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Animals, Humans, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Sea level, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, [ SDU.STU.GM ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, Sheep, Settlement (structural), Paleontology, Excavation, Before Present, [ SDU.STU.GC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Lithic, [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Anthropology, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [ SDU.STU.HY ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Tooth, [ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract: International audience; The open-air site of Kalavan 1 is located in the Aregunyats mountain chain (at 1640 m above sea level) on the northern bank of Lake Sevan. It is the first Upper Palaeolithic site excavated in Armenia. Led by an Armenian-French team, several excavations (2005-2009) have revealed a well preserved palaeosoil, dated to around 14,000 BP (years before present), containing fauna, lithic artefacts, as well as several hearths and activity areas that structure the settlement. The initial studies enable placement of the site in its environment and justify palaeoethnological analysis of the Epigravettian human groups of the Lesser Caucasus
Published: 2013

12. Holocene vegetation and climate changes in the central Mediterranean inferred from a high-resolution marine pollen record (Adriatic Sea)

Author: Laura Sadori, Giuseppe Siani, Simon Goring, Viviane Bout-Roumazeilles, Isabelle Dormoy, Sébastien Joannin, Odile Peyron, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Michel Magny, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d'Ecologie ( CBAE ), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Géosystèmes Université Lille 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Dpt of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison [Madison], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), School of Environment & Development, University of Manchester [Manchester], Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Géosciences Paris Sud ( GEOPS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d'Ecologie (CBAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Environment, Education and Development [Manchester] (SEED), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The publication of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosystèmes - UMR 8217, Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA)
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, lcsh:Environmental protection, Holocene climatic optimum, Climate change, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Environmental pollution, lcsh:TD169-171.8, Younger Dryas, Holocene, lcsh:Environmental sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Global and Planetary Change, Paleontology, [ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 15. Life on land, Before Present, Oceanography, Preboreal, 13. Climate action, lcsh:TD172-193.5, Aeolian processes, Geology
Abstract: The high-resolution multiproxy study of the Adriatic marine core MD 90-917 provides new insights to reconstruct vegetation and regional climate changes over the southcentral Mediterranean during the Younger Dryas (YD) and Holocene. Pollen records show the rapid forest colonization of the Italian and Balkan borderlands and the gradual installation of the Mediterranean association during the Holocene. Quantitative estimates based on pollen data provide Holocene precipitations and temperatures in the Adriatic Sea using a multi-method approach. Clay mineral ratios from the same core reflect the relative contributions of riverine (illite and smectite) and eolian (kaolinite) contributions to the site, and thus act as an additional proxy with which to evaluate precipitation changes in the Holocene. Vegetation climate reconstructions show the response to the Preboreal oscillation (PBO), most likely driven by changes in temperature and seasonal precipitation, which is linked to increasing river inputs from Adriatic rivers recorded by increase in clay mineral contribution to marine sediments. Pollen-inferred temperature declines during the early–mid Holocene, then increases during the mid–late Holocene, similar to southwestern Mediterranean climatic patterns during the Holocene. Several short vegetation and climatic events appear in the record, indicating the sensitivity of vegetation in the region to millennial-scale variability. Reconstructed summer precipitation shows a regional maximum (170–200 mm) between 8000 and 7000 similar to the general pattern across southern Europe. Two important shifts in vegetation occur at 7700 cal yr BP (calendar years before present) and between 7500 and 7000 cal yr BP and are correlated with increased river inputs around the Adriatic Basin respectively from the northern (7700 event) and from the central Adriatic borderlands (7500–7000 event). During the mid-Holocene, the wet summers lead to permanent moisture all year resulting in a homogeneous seasonal precipitation regime. After 6000 cal yr BP, summer precipitation decreases towards present-day values while winter precipitation rises regularly showing the setting up of Mediterranean climate conditions. Multiproxy evidence from core MD 90-917 provides a deeper understanding of the role of precipitation and particularly the seasonality of precipitation in mediating vegetation change in the central Mediterranean during the Holocene.
Published: 2013

13. New chronology for the Middle Palaeolithic of the southern Caucasus suggests early demise of Neanderthals in this region

Author: Marie-Hélène Moncel, Ron Pinhasi, Medea Nioradze, Nikoloz Tushabramishvili, Daniel S. Adler, Thomas Higham, David Pleurdeau, Chris Stringer, David Lordkipanidze, and Georgian National Museum
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Neanderthal, Pleistocene, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Extinction, Biological, 01 natural sciences, Models, Biological, Bone and Bones, law.invention, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Paleontology, Cave, Transcaucasia, law, biology.animal, Animals, 0601 history and archaeology, Radiocarbon dating, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Neanderthals, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 060102 archaeology, biology, Fossils, Radiometric Dating, Bayes Theorem, 06 humanities and the arts, Before Present, Anthropology, Radiometric dating, Chronology
Abstract: Neanderthal populations of the southern and northern Caucasus became locally extinct during the Late Pleistocene. The timing of their extinction is key to our understanding of the relationship between Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans (AMH) in Eurasia. Recent re-dating of the end of the Middle Palaeolithic (MP) at Mezmaiskaya Cave, northern Caucasus, and Ortvale Klde, southern Caucasus, suggests that Neanderthals did not survive after 39 ka cal BP (thousands of years ago, calibrated before present). Here we extend the analysis and present a revised regional chronology for MP occupational phases in western Georgia, based on a series of model-based Bayesian analyses of radiocarbon dated bone samples obtained from the caves of Sakajia, Ortvala and Bronze Cave. This allows the establishment of probability intervals for the onset and end of each of the dated levels and for the end of the MP occupation at the three sites. Our results for Sakajia indicate that the end of the late Middle Palaeolithic (LMP) and start of the Upper Palaeolithic (UP) occurred between 40,200 and 37,140 cal BP. The end of the MP in the neighboring site of Ortvala occurred earlier at 43,540-41,420 cal BP (at 68.2% probability). The dating of MP layers from Bronze Cave confirms that it does not contain LMP phases. These results imply that Neanderthals did not survive in the southern Caucasus after 37 ka cal BP, supporting a model of Neanderthal extinction around the same period as reported for the northern Caucasus and other regions of Europe. Taken together with previous reports of the earliest UP phases in the region and the lack of archaeological evidence for an in situ transition, these results indicate that AMH arrived in the Caucasus a few millennia after the Neanderthal demise and that the two species probably did not interact.
Published: 2012

14. From flakes to grooves: A technical shift in antlerworking during the last glacial maximum in southwest France

Author: Jean-Marc Pétillon, Sylvain Ducasse, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Manufactured Materials, Environmental change, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Antlers, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, Reindeer antler, Cultural Evolution, Antler technology, Animals, Humans, 0601 history and archaeology, Magdalenian, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Mesolithic, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 060101 anthropology, Knapping, Last Glacial Maximum, 06 humanities and the arts, Before Present, Archaeology, Biological Evolution, Antler, Badegoulian, Geography, Economic advantage, Anthropology, France, Reindeer
Abstract: The evolution of antlerworking technology in Paleolithic and Mesolithic Europe, especially the production of splinters, is usually described as a cumulative process. A progressive increase in blank standardization and productivity was prompted by the application of a key technical process, the groove and splinter technique (GST). The Badegoulian, however, appears as an interruption in this continuum. According to the original definition of this post-Solutrean, pre-Magdalenian archeological culture, one of its distinctive features is the absence of the GST and the manufacture of antler blanks by knapping only. However, this conception has been recently questioned, leading to an alternative hypothesis suggesting that both GST and knapping were used during the Badegoulian. In this article, we present new evidence from several sites in southwest France, which sheds new light on the issue of Badegoulian antlerworking and the transition with the subsequent Lower Magdalenian. Our study is based on two complementary methods: the technological analysis of antler assemblages well-dated to the Badegoulian (Le Cuzoul de Vers) or to the Lower Magdalenian (La Grotte des Scilles, Saint-Germain-la-Riviere), and the direct 14C dating of specific antler artifacts from mixed or problematic contexts (Cap-Blanc, Reverdit and Lassac). The results firmly establish that, in southwest France, knapping is the only method used for the production of antler splinters during the Badegoulian, before ca. 20,500 cal BP (calibrated years before present), and that it is rapidly replaced by the GST at the beginning of the Lower Magdalenian, after ca. 20,500 cal BP. This technical shift is not linked to an influx of new human populations, environmental change or the supposed economic advantages of the GST. Instead, it must be understood as one of the expressions of a broader reconfiguration of the technical world that starts to take shape in the middle of the Last Glacial Maximum.
Published: 2012

15. Climatically-controlled siliceous productivity in the eastern Gulf of Guinea during the last 40 000 yr

Author: Xavier Crosta, Oscar E Romero, Ralph R Schneider, Olivier Ther, UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (IACT), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de Granada (UGR), Institut für Geowissenschaften [Kiel], and Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, lcsh:Environmental protection, Monsoon, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Environmental pollution, lcsh:TD169-171.8, Younger Dryas, Precipitation, Sea level, lcsh:Environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, biology, Paleontology, Last Glacial Maximum, Before Present, biology.organism_classification, Diatom, Oceanography, Productivity (ecology), 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, lcsh:TD172-193.5, Geology
Abstract: Opal content and diatom assemblages were analysed in core GeoB4905-4 to reconstruct siliceous productivity changes in the eastern Gulf of Guinea during the last 40 000 yr. Opal and total diatom accumulation rates presented low values over the considered period, except during the Last Glacial Maximum and between 15 000 calendar years Before Present (15 cal. ka BP) and 5.5 cal. ka BP, the so-called African Humid Period, when accumulation rates of brackish and freshwater diatoms at the core site were highest. Conversely, accumulation rates of windblown diatoms exhibited an opposite pattern with higher values before and after the African Humid Period and greatest values during Heinrich Events, the Younger Dryas and since 5.5 cal. ka BP. Our results demonstrate that siliceous productivity in the eastern Gulf of Guinea was directly driven by the nutrient load from local rivers, whose discharges were forced by precipitation changes over western Equatorial Africa and/or modification of the fluvio-deltaic systems forced by sea level changes. Precipitation in this region is controlled by the West African monsoon which is, in turn, partly dependent on the presence and intensity of the Atlantic Cold Tongue (ACT). Our results therefore suggest that the ACT was weakened, warmer trade winds were less vigorous, and cloud convection and precipitation were greater during the AHP though centennial-to-millennial timescale dry events were observed at ∼10 cal. ka BP, ∼8.5 cal. ka BP and ∼6 cal. ka BP. Conversely, the ACT was more intense, trade winds were more vigorous and African climate was more arid during H1, the Younger Dryas and after 5.5 cal. ka BP into the present.
Published: 2012

16. Early Evidence (ca. 12,000 BP) for Iron Oxide Mining on the Pacific Coast of South America

Author: Hernán Salinas, Diego Morata, Valentina Figueroa, Germán Manríquez, Jean-Louis Guendon, Donald Jackson, Diego Salazar, Victoria Castro, Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 01 natural sciences, Amérique du Sud, Prehistory, Chili, 0601 history and archaeology, mine, 14. Life underwater, acquisition de ressource naturelle, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Préhispanique, chronologie, 060102 archaeology, Préhistoire, datation, économie de subsistance, 06 humanities and the arts, 15. Life on land, Before Present, Archaeology, Tailings, Arid, Geography, Anthropology, Period (geology), radiocarbone, San Ramón
Abstract: Iron oxides have been used extensively in the Americas from the Paleoindian period up to the ethnographic present. But, because archaeological mining sites are extremely rare in this continent, we still know very little about how indigenous groups exploited and processed these minerals. Here we report finds from the San Ramon 15 site, located on the arid coast of northern Chile, where our research revealed a prehistoric mine with associated tailings and mining debris that was exploited by hunter-gatherer-fisher groups. The mine was first exploited during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition (ca. 12,000-10,500 calibrated years before present [cal yr BP]) and then again during the Late Archaic (ca. 4300 cal yr BP), representing the earliest known mining activity in the Americas. This discovery has important implications, including (1) the record of undisputed mining activity in the continent is extended by several millennia, showing the first insights into Early Archaic mining techniques and technologies; (2) the earliest inhabitants of the Pacific Coast of South America had a well-developed mining knowledge, that is, they were hunter-gatherer-fisher-miner communities; and (3) mobility patterns of early nomadic maritime adaptations in northern Chile were influenced by repeated access to iron oxide pigments used mainly for symbolic purposes.
Published: 2011

17. Diagnostic osteology and analysis of the Mid- to Late Holocene dynamics of shags and cormorants in Tierra del Fuego

Author: Douglas Causey, Christine Lefèvre, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, 060102 archaeology, Osteology, Environmental change, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Ecology, Species diversity, Tarsometatarsus, 06 humanities and the arts, Before Present, 01 natural sciences, Geography, Abundance (ecology), Anthropology, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, 0601 history and archaeology, 14. Life underwater, Holocene, Zooarchaeology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We present here illustrated characteristics and anatomical descriptions of features that can be used to discriminate between four common skeletal elements (i.e. humerus, coracoid, femur, tarsometatarsus) of the five species of shags and cormorants known to occur in southern South America. We also present a detailed study of their distribution and abundance from about 6000 years before present to historical times as revealed by identification of faunal material excavated earlier and by re-analysis of material published previously. Our results present a high-resolution examination of the avian resource base used by early human hunters, and provide a foundation for future studies on the palaeoavifauna of Tierra del Fuego during the Mid- to Late Holocene. On the broadest scales, species diversity of the Phalacrocoracidae is qualitatively stable over space and time, a pattern that is also reflected in the larger marine bird community. On a finer scale, however, our results indicate that the abundance and distribution of cormorants and shags in Mid- and Late Holocene zooarchaeological deposits varied in a complex manner through time. These patterns do not appear to be related to proximity effects of hunters to colonies, but to other factors possibly associated with environmental change. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: 2007

18. Precise timing and characterization of abrupt climate change 8200 years ago from air trapped in polar ice

Author: Takuro Kobashi, Edward J. Brook, Jeffrey P. Severinghaus, Alexi M. Grachev, Jean-Marc Barnola, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Department of Geosciences, Oregon State University (OSU), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, Global and Planetary Change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric methane, Geology, Before Present, 01 natural sciences, Proxy (climate), Ice core, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Paleoclimatology, Abrupt climate change, Environmental science, Climate model, Climate state, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: How fast and how much climate can change has significant implications for concerns about future climate changes and their potential impacts on society. An abrupt climate change 8200 years ago (8.2 ka event) provides a test case to understand possible future climatic variability. Here, methane concentration (taken as an indicator for terrestrial hydrology) and nitrogen isotopes (Greenland temperature) in trapped air in a Greenland ice core (GISP2) are employed to scrutinize the evolution of the 8.2 ka event. The synchronous change in methane and nitrogen implies that the 8.2 ka event was a synchronous event (within 74 years) at a hemispheric scale, as indicated by recent climate model results [Legrande, A. N., Schmidt, G. A., Shindell, D. T., Field, C. V., Miller, R. L., Koch, D. M., Faluvegi, G., Hoffmann, G., 2006. Consistent simulations of multiple proxy responses to an abrupt climate change event. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103, 837–842]. The event began with a large-scale general cooling and drying around � 8175730 years BP (Before Present, where Present is 1950 AD). Greenland temperature cooled by 3.371.11C (decadal average) in less than � 20 years, and atmospheric methane concentration decreased by � 80725 ppb over � 40 years, corresponding to a 1575% emission reduction. Hemispheric scale cooling and drying, inferred from many paleoclimate proxies, likely contributed to this emission reduction. In central Greenland, the coldest period lasted for � 60 years, interrupted by a milder interval of a few decades, and temperature subsequently warmed in several steps over � 70 years. The total duration of the 8.2 ka event was roughly 150 years. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2007

19. H4 abrupt event and late Neanderthal presence in Iberia

Author: Masa Kageyama, Pierre Sepulchre, Francesco d'Errico, Marian Vanhaeren, Gilles Ramstein, María-Fernanda Sánchez-Goñi, Gerhard Krinner, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University (GW), European Science Foundation (OMLL and Euroclimate programmes-EC Sixth Framework Programme under Contract no. ERAS-CT-2003-980409)., Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Campus box 1114, Washington University, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), George Washington University (GW), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Neanderthal, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, abrupt event, 01 natural sciences, Quaternary, Aurignacian, Paleontology, Geochemistry and Petrology, Peninsula, biology.animal, Paleoclimatology, paleoclimate, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 0601 history and archaeology, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Neanderthals, geography, Extinction, geography.geographical_feature_category, 060102 archaeology, biology, Mousterian, 06 humanities and the arts, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Before Present, Heinrich, Geophysics, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Heinrich event 4 (H4) is well documented in the North Atlantic Ocean and the adjacent continents as a cooling event 39,000 yr before present (BP). To quantify the impact of this event with respect to climate and vegetation over the Iberian Peninsula, we perform numerical experiments using a high-resolution general circulation model forced by sea surface temperatures before and during H4. Our model simulates an expansion of aridity over the peninsula during H4, a desertification of the south, and a replacement of arboreal by herbaceous plants in the north, all of which are in agreement with contemporaneous pollen sequences from marine cores located off the Iberian Peninsula. Our simulations demonstrate that the H4 marine event imprinted drastic changes over Southern Iberia, which would not have favoured its occupation by Anatomically Modern Humans, therefore providing a plausible explanation for the delayed extinction of Neanderthals in this region inferred from the archaeological record.
Published: 2007

20. Review of: El Niño influence over South America during the mid-holocene

Author: Pascale Braconnot, P. L. Silva Dias, Tatiana Jorgetti, Instituto de Astronomia, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Dynamic and structural geology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, General Medicine, Before Present, Spatial distribution, 01 natural sciences, Pacific ocean, lcsh:Geology, Sea surface temperature, Oceanography, El Niño Southern Oscillation, El Niño, lcsh:QE500-639.5, 13. Climate action, Climatology, lcsh:Q, Precipitation, lcsh:Science, Geology, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: This work reports on the relationship between the Pacific Ocean sea surface temperature variability and precipitation over South America in the IPSL coupled model simulations of the present and the 6 kyr Before Present (Mid-Holocene) climate. The model results suggests that the control exerted by ENSO on precipitation in South America was less frequent in the Mid-Holocene compared to the present climate and that the spatial distribution of the ENSO influence is considerably different in the two periods.
Published: 2006

21. Glacial-interglacial changes in the occurrence of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in Vostok Antarctic ice from 240 000 to 410 000 years BP

Author: Claude F. Boutron, Carlo Barbante, Khanghyun Lee, J. R. Petit, Soon Do Hur, Vladimir Ya. Lipenkov, Paolo Gabrielli, Gabriele Capodaglio, Sungmin Hong, Christophe Ferrari, Clara Turetta, Korean Ocean Research and Development Institute (KORDI), Korean Ocean Research and development Institute, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Environmental Sciences Department, University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, Polytech' Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Geologic Sediments, Time Factors, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate, chemistry.chemical_element, Antarctic Regions, Zinc, Volcanic Eruptions, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ice core, Metals, Heavy, Ice Cover, Glacial period, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, heavy metals, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, Cadmium, geography.geographical_feature_category, Lead (sea ice), Ice, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, Before Present, Oceanography, Volcano, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Interglacial, Antarctica, Geology, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) have been measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry in various sections of the 3623 m deep ice core drilled at Vostok, in central East Antarctica. The sections were dated from 240 to 410 kyear BP (Marine Isotopic Stages (MIS) 7.5 to 11.3), which corresponds to the 3rd and 4th glacial-interglacial cycles before present. Concentrations are found to have varied greatly during this 170 kyear time period, with high concentration values during the coldest climatic stages such as MIS 8.4 and 10.2 and much lower concentration values during warmer periods, such as the interglacials MIS 7.5, 9.3 and 11.3. Rock and soil dust were the dominant sources for Pb, whatever the period, and for Zn and Cu and possibly Cd during cold climatic stages. The contribution from volcanic emissions was important for Cd during all periods and might have been significant for Cu and Zn during warm periods.
Published: 2005

22. Dating the Vostok ice core by an inverse method

Author: Jean-Marc Barnola, Frédéric Parrenin, Jean Jouzel, Catherine Ritz, Claire Waelbroeck, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Orbital forcing, Soil Science, Aquatic Science, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Ice core, Geochemistry and Petrology, Paleoclimatology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Deglaciation, Glacial period, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, Before Present, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Interglacial, Spatial variability, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Using the chronological information available in the Vostok records, we apply an inverse method to assess the quality of the Vostok glaciological timescale. The inversion procedure provides not only an optimized glaciological timescale and its confidence interval but also a reliable estimate of the duration of successive events. Our results highlight a disagreement between orbitally tuned and glaciological timescales below ∼2700 m (i.e., ∼250 kyr B.P., thousands of years before present). This disagreement could be caused by some discontinuity in the spatial variation of accumulation upstream of Vostok. Moreover, the stratigraphic datings of central Greenland ice cores (GRIP and GISP2) appear older than our optimized timescale for the late glacial. This underlines an unconsistency between the physical assumptions used to construct the Vostok glaciological timescale and the stratigraphic datings. The inverse method allows the first assessment of the evolution of the phase between Vostok climatic records and insolation. This phase significantly varies with time which gives a measure of the nonlinear character of the climatic system and suggests that the climatic response to orbital forcing is of different nature for glacial and interglacial periods. We confirm that the last interglacial, as recorded in the Vostok deuterium record, was long (16.2±2 kyr, thousands of years). However, midtransition of termination II occurred at 133.4±2.5 kyr BP, which does not support the recent claim for an earlier deglaciation. Finally, our study suggests that temperature changes are correctly estimated when using the spatial present‐day deuterium‐temperature relationship to interpret the Vostok deuterium record.
Published: 2001

23. Extending the Calibrated Radiocarbon Record

Author: Edouard Bard, Collège de France - Chaire Evolution du climat et de l'océan, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: web-evolution-climat-ocean, Multidisciplinary, 2HAL, law, BARD Édouard, Radiocarbon dating, Archaeological artifacts, Before Present, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, Archaeology, Geology, Document sous DOI (Digital Object Identifier), law.invention
Abstract: The radiocarbon record is an important tool for accurate dating of climatic records, archaeological artifacts, and other records of past events. A calibrated record exists up to 24,000 years ago, but as [Bard][1] explains in his Perspective, extending the record beyond this time has been difficult. He highlights the record by [ Beck et al .][2], which covers 24,000 to 45,000 years before present. The record shows large fluctuations in the radiocarbon ratio and is an important step toward an extended calibrated record. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/292/5526/2443 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/292/5526/2453
Published: 2001

24. New age data for Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal sites' TAG and Snakepit chronology revisited

Author: Maurice Arnold, Claude Lalou, Peter A. Rona, Jean-Louis Reyss, Geoffrey Thompson, Yves Fouquet, Evelyne Brichet, Centre des Faibles Radioactivités, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Soil Science, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Aquatic Science, Present day, engineering.material, Oceanography, Hydrothermal circulation, Paleontology, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ecology, Aragonite, Quiescent period, Forestry, Before Present, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, engineering, Period (geology), Geology, Chronology
Abstract: International audience; The chronologies of TAG and Snakepit hydrothermal fields have been established using $^{210}$Pb/Pb, $^{230}$Th/$^{234}$U and $^{14}$C dating. At the TAG field, a Mn-oxide record, indicative of low temperature events, began at least 125,000 years and possibly 140,000 years ago with maximum intensities at 15,000, 7000 and 4000 years before present. High temperature events, giving rise to sulfide deposits, began about 100,000 years ago and have been intermittent to the present day. A presently active site has experienced intermittent pulses of activity every 4000 to 6000 years over the past 20,000 years. Decrease in activity is often marked by low temperature aragonite precipitation in chimney conduits at 4000, 7000 and 9000 years ago. After a period of quiescence lasting about 4000 years this site was reactivated about 50 years ago. The Snakepit field is much younger and no sulfides older than 4000 years have been recovered. Relict sulfide deposits are dated between 2000 and 4000 years old indicating this site was active during a quiescent period at TAG. Reactivation of Snakepit. took place about 80 years ago, and is presently concurrent with that of TAG. Comparison with hydrothermal sites on the East Pacific Rise suggests that on slow spreading ridges the major fracture systems focussing the hydrothermal discharge can be reactivated at intervals and new deposits precipitated on top of older ones, while on faster spreading ridges each pulse of activity is separated in space and time resulting in discrete deposits.
Published: 1993

25. Historical diversity of cormorants and shags from Amchitka Island, Alaska

Author: Douglas Siegel-Causey, Christine Lefèvre, Arkadii B. Savinetskii, Archéozoologie, histoire des sociétés et des peuplements animaux (AHS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Archéozoologie et histoire des sociétés (AHS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Holocene, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Range (biology), Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, midden site: zooarcheology, cormorants, Biodiversity, Species diversity, Pelagic zone, Before Present, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, biodiversity: Aleutian Islands, Phalacrocoracidae, Geography, Arctic, Environmental protection, Abundance (ecology), Animal Science and Zoology, 14. Life underwater, shags, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; We studied the historical biodiversity of cormorants and shags in the central Aleutians by examining the presence and abundance of bones deposited in two large Aleut middens located on Amchitka Island, Alaska. The temporal range of discrete strata in these deposits was from Russian-era contact to about 2,650 years before present. We found six species in these middens: Pelagic, Red-faced, and Kenyon' s Shags (Stictocarbo [Phalacro-corax] pelagicus, S. urile, S. kenyoni), Double-crested (Hypoleucus [Phalacrocorax] auritus), Japanese (Phalacrocorax capillatus) and Pallas' s Cormorants (Compsohalieus [Phalacroco-rax] perspicillatus), ranked in order of abundance. Historical patterns of abundance differed among species. Japanese and Pallas' s Cormorants were most likely chance arrivals to the island, Double-crested Cormorants were not found post-contact and we hypothesize that Arctic Foxes may have extirpated them here; Pelagic and Red-faced Shags have remained in constant proportion over the years and abundances may relate to environmental or climatic change. Little is known about S. kenyoni. These results suggest that the diversity of the marine coastal avifauna has experienced dynamic change during the late Holocene and that the distributions of shags and cormorants in particular were different than now known.
Published: 1991

26. U-Th ages obtained by mass spectrometry in corals from Barbados: sea level during the past 130,000 years

Author: Edouard Bard, Richard G. Fairbanks, Bruno Hamelin, Centre des Faibles Radioactivités, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Multidisciplinary, Meltwater pulse 1A, Before Present, law.invention, Paleontology, law, Absolute dating, Deglaciation, Radiocarbon dating, Glacial period, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Sea level, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Chronology
Abstract: THE study of the sea level record during the last glacial cycle has primarily proceeded indirectly by means of oxygen isotope measurements on foraminifera from deep-sea sediments1,2. The direct approach of dating sea level indicators stagnated during the past decade, mainly because the samples required to complete our knowledge of the past glaciations are below the present-day sea level3–7. Using the 14C ages of Acropora palmata samples collected by drilling offshore the island of Barbados, Fairbanks8 presented the first detailed chronology for the last deglaciation. This radiocarbon chronology is limited to the past 30 kyr because of the short half-life of 14C (5,730 yr); we must therefore rely on other dating methods to obtain information for the whole last glacial cycle. During the past four years 230Th–234U dating of corals by thermal-ionization mass spectrometry has been shown to be significantly more precise and accurate than the classical α counting method9–14. We have used this technique to measure U–Th ages in coral samples from the Barbados collection and from subaerially exposed outcrops (see also ref. 15). Here we present results bearing on the sea level record for the past 130,000 years; we conclude that the last deglaciation started 3,000 years earlier than previously thought and confirm that there were two surges in melt water8 at about 11 kyr and 14 kyr BP (before present).
Published: 1990

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26 results on '"Before Present"'

1. Dust arriving in the Amazon basin over the past 7,500 years came from diverse sources

2. Ancient West African foragers in the context of African population history

3. AMOC and summer sea ice as key drivers of the spread in mid-holocene winter temperature patterns over Europe in PMIP3 models

4. U-Th and radiocarbon dating of calcite speleothems from gypsum caves (Emilia Romagna, North Italy)

5. Chronology of Holocene storm events along the European Atlantic coast

6. On the origin of Iberomaurusians: new data based on ancient mitochondrial DNA and phylogenetic analysis of Afalou and Taforalt populations

7. Temperature Range Shifts for Three European Tree Species over the Last 10,000 Years

8. Estimation of successive coseismic vertical offsets using coeval sedimentary events – application to the southwestern limit of the Sea of Marmara's Central Basin (North Anatolian Fault)

9. Circulation of whale-bone artifacts in the northern Pyrenees during the late Upper Paleolithic

10. Egyptian mummies record increasing aridity in the Nile valley from 5500 to 1500yr before present

11. The Upper Palaeolithic site of Kalavan 1 (Armenia): An Epigravettian settlement in the Lesser Caucasus

12. Holocene vegetation and climate changes in the central Mediterranean inferred from a high-resolution marine pollen record (Adriatic Sea)

13. New chronology for the Middle Palaeolithic of the southern Caucasus suggests early demise of Neanderthals in this region

14. From flakes to grooves: A technical shift in antlerworking during the last glacial maximum in southwest France

15. Climatically-controlled siliceous productivity in the eastern Gulf of Guinea during the last 40 000 yr

16. Early Evidence (ca. 12,000 BP) for Iron Oxide Mining on the Pacific Coast of South America

17. Diagnostic osteology and analysis of the Mid- to Late Holocene dynamics of shags and cormorants in Tierra del Fuego

18. Precise timing and characterization of abrupt climate change 8200 years ago from air trapped in polar ice

19. H4 abrupt event and late Neanderthal presence in Iberia

20. Review of: El Niño influence over South America during the mid-holocene

21. Glacial-interglacial changes in the occurrence of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in Vostok Antarctic ice from 240 000 to 410 000 years BP

22. Dating the Vostok ice core by an inverse method

23. Extending the Calibrated Radiocarbon Record

24. New age data for Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal sites' TAG and Snakepit chronology revisited

25. Historical diversity of cormorants and shags from Amchitka Island, Alaska

26. U-Th ages obtained by mass spectrometry in corals from Barbados: sea level during the past 130,000 years

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26 results on '"Before Present"'

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