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1. Rates and delay times of Type Ia supernovae in the Dark Energy Survey

Author

Geraint F. Lewis, A. R. Walker, A. A. Plazas Malagón, J. Annis, Brodie Popovic, M. E. C. Swanson, Enrique Gaztanaga, Josh Frieman, G. Tarle, Anais Möller, E. Bertin, Samuel Hinton, C. Lidman, B. E. Tucker, G. Gutierrez, Jennifer L. Marshall, B. Flaugher, R. L. C. Ogando, V. Scarpine, Daniel Scolnic, M. Carrasco Kind, F. Andrade-Oliveira, Robert C. Nichol, D. J. Brout, Daniel Thomas, J. Gschwend, Kyler Kuehn, Daniela Carollo, K. Honscheid, J. Carretero, David J. James, Tamara M. Davis, Ramon Miquel, Maria E. S. Pereira, M. Costanzi, Pablo Fosalba, Juan Garcia-Bellido, Peter Doel, E. Buckley-Geer, I. Ferrero, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, Karl Glazebrook, H. T. Diehl, Felipe Menanteau, David Bacon, Benjamin Rose, M. Soares-Santos, Chris Frohmaier, M. Vincenzi, N. Kuropatkin, Robert Morgan, Mark Sullivan, A. K. Romer, Elisabeth Krause, T. N. Varga, Tommaso Giannantonio, L. N. da Costa, M. Toy, Paul Martini, A. Carnero Rosell, O. Graur, D. L. Burke, P. Wiseman, S. Allam, Robert A. Gruendl, Michael Schubnell, S. Everett, David J. Brooks, D. L. Hollowood, Adriano Pieres, S. Serrano, Richard Kessler, Michel Aguena, M. Smith, Daniel Gruen, E. Suchyta, Zoe Zontou, F. Paz-Chinchón, Lluís Galbany, L. Kelsey, P. Armstrong, Don Petravick, S. Desai, Jacobo Asorey, Antonella Palmese, M. A. G. Maia, T. M. C. Abbott, Chun-Hao To, E. J. Sanchez, Ben Hoyle, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, National Science Foundation (US), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, European Commission, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (Brasil), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wiseman, P., Sullivan, M., Smith, M., Frohmaier, C., Vincenzi, M., Graur, O., Popovic, B., Armstrong, P., Brout, D., Davis, T. M., Galbany, L., Hinton, S. R., Kelsey, L., Kessler, R., Lidman, C., Möller, A., Nichol, R. C., Rose, B., Scolnic, D., Toy, M., Zontou, Z., Asorey, J., Carollo, D., Glazebrook, K., Lewis, G. F., Tucker, B. E., Abbott, T. M. C., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Andrade-Oliveira, F., Annis, J., Bacon, D., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., Pereira, M. E. S., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Everett, S., Ferrero, I., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Giannantonio, T., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., Hoyle, B., James, D. J., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Morgan, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchón, F., Petravick, D., Pieres, A., Plazas Malagón, A. A., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Soares-Santos, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., To, C., Varga, T. N., Walker, A. R., and Des, Collaboration

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stellar mass, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Astrophysics, Type (model theory), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Luminosity, supernovae: general, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxie, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysic, white dwarf, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, STFC, evolution [galaxies], 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, white dwarfs, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), RCUK, White dwarf, Astronomy and Astrophysics, galaxies: evolution, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Redshift, Galaxy, ST/R000506/1, Supernova, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), 8. Economic growth, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], general [supernovae]
Abstract

Wiseman, P., et al. DES Collaboration, We use a sample of 809 photometrically classified Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) discovered by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) along with 40 415 field galaxies to calculate the rate of SNe Ia per galaxy in the redshift range 0.2 < z < 0.6. We recover the known correlation between SN Ia rate and galaxy stellar mass across a broad range of scales 8.5 ≤ log (M*/M⊙) ≤ 11.25. We find that the SN Ia rate increases with stellar mass as a power law with index 0.63 ± 0.02, which is consistent with the previous work. We use an empirical model of stellar mass assembly to estimate the average star formation histories (SFHs) of galaxies across the stellar mass range of our measurement. Combining the modelled SFHs with the SN Ia rates to estimate constraints on the SN Ia delay time distribution (DTD), we find that the data are fit well by a power-law DTD with slope index β = −1.13 ± 0.05 and normalization A = 2.11 ± 0.05 × 10−13 SNe M⊙−1 yr−1, which corresponds to an overall SN Ia production efficiency NIa/M∗=0.9 +4.0−0.7×10−3 SNe M−1⊙⁠. Upon splitting the SN sample by properties of the light curves, we find a strong dependence on DTD slope with the SN decline rate, with slower-declining SNe exhibiting a steeper DTD slope. We interpret this as a result of a relationship between intrinsic luminosity and progenitor age, and explore the implications of the result in the context of SN Ia progenitors., The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MICINN under grants ESP2017-89838, PGC2018-094773, PGC2018-102021, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007–2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) do e-Universo (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2).

Published
2021

2. The WaZP galaxy cluster sample of the dark energy survey year 1

Author

G. Tarle, David J. Brooks, Antonella Palmese, David J. James, Josh Frieman, M. A. G. Maia, Pablo Fosalba, F. Paz-Chinchón, Michael Schubnell, M. Smith, Agnès Ferté, Samuel Hinton, Christophe Benoist, E. Suchyta, Basilio X. Santiago, August E. Evrard, G. Gutierrez, I. Ferrero, Sunayana Bhargava, J. Carretero, R. D. Wilkinson, B. Flaugher, H. Sampaio-Santos, Peter Melchior, Santiago Avila, K. Honscheid, R. L. C. Ogando, J. De Vicente, S. Everett, M. Carrasco Kind, S. Desai, Ramon Miquel, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, Juan Garcia-Bellido, Ofer Lahav, M. Soares-Santos, N. Kuropatkin, L. N. da Costa, Robert Morgan, A. Carnero Rosell, M. Costanzi, Marcos Lima, D. L. Hollowood, S. Serrano, Chun-Hao To, E. J. Sanchez, Douglas L. Tucker, Kyler Kuehn, Paul Giles, E. Bertin, J. Gschwend, Peter Doel, H. T. Diehl, David Bacon, S. Allam, Robert A. Gruendl, Tesla E. Jeltema, A. A. Plazas, Michel Aguena, A. K. Romer, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, Aguena, M., Benoist, C., da Costa, L. N., Ogando, R. L., Gschwend, J., Sampaio dos Santos, H., Lima, M., Maia, M. A., Allam, S., Avila, S., Bacon, D., Bertin, E., Bhargava, S., Brooks, D., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Costanzi, M., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Everett, S., Evrard, A., Ferrero, I., Ferté, A., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Garcia-Bellido, J., Giles, P., Gruendl, R., Gutierrez, G., Hinton, S., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D., Jeltema, T., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Melchior, P., Miquel, R., Morgan, R., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchon, F., Plazas Malagón, A., Romer, K., Sanchez, E., Santiago, B., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla, I., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., To, C., Tucker, D., Wilkinson, R., National Science Foundation (US), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, European Commission, and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (Brasil)

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Surveys, Lambda, 01 natural sciences, surveys, 0103 physical sciences, distances and redshifts [Galaxies], Cluster (physics), clusters: general [galaxies], survey, distances and redshift [galaxies], data analysis [Methods], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Galaxy cluster, Photometric redshift, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, methods: data analysis, Galaxy, Redshift, South Pole Telescope, Space and Planetary Science, galaxies: clusters: general, data analysi [methods], Cluster sampling, galaxies: distances and redshifts, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Aguena, M., et al., We present a new (2+1)D galaxy cluster finder based on photometric redshifts called Wavelet Z Photometric (WaZP) applied to DES first year (Y1A1) data. The results are compared to clusters detected by the South Pole Telescope (SPT) survey and the redMaPPer cluster finder, the latter based on the same photometric data. WaZP searches for clusters in wavelet-based density maps of galaxies selected in photometric redshift space without any assumption on the cluster galaxy populations. The comparison to other cluster samples was performed with a matching algorithm based on angular proximity and redshift difference of the clusters. It led to the development of a new approach to match two optical cluster samples, following an iterative approach to minimize incorrect associations. The WaZP cluster finder applied to DES Y1A1 galaxy survey (1511.13 deg2 up to mi = 23 mag) led to the detection of 60 547 galaxy clusters with redshifts 0.05 < z < 0.9 and richness Ngals ≥ 5. Considering the overlapping regions and redshift ranges between the DES Y1A1 and SPT cluster surveys, all sz based SPT clusters are recovered by the WaZP sample. The comparison between WaZP and redMaPPer cluster samples showed an excellent overall agreement for clusters with richness Ngals (λ for redMaPPer) greater than 25 (20), with 95 per cent recovery on both directions. Based on the cluster cross-match, we explore the relative fragmentation of the two cluster samples and investigate the possible signatures of unmatched clusters., The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MICINN under grants ESP2017-89838, PGC2018-094773, PGC2018-102021, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) do e-Universo (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2).

Published
2021

3. Increasing the census of L and T dwarfs in wide binary and multiple systems using Dark Energy Survey DR1 and Gaia DR2 data

Author

M. E. C. Swanson, Josh Frieman, Peter Doel, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, N. Kuropatkin, T. N. Varga, L. N. da Costa, H. T. Diehl, E. Suchyta, G. Tarle, P. Martini, A. R. Walker, David J. James, Pablo Fosalba, J. Carretero, J. Gschwend, Felipe Menanteau, Tenglin Li, G. Gutierrez, Kyler Kuehn, K. Bechtol, L. de Paris, Enrique Gaztanaga, Santiago Avila, M. Smith, M. Aguena, J. De Vicente, B. Flaugher, Daniel Gruen, Brian Yanny, A. Carnero Rosell, David J. Brooks, Antonella Palmese, D. W. Gerdes, Juan Garcia-Bellido, M. Carrasco Kind, E. Bertin, M. March, Basilio X. Santiago, M. A. G. Maia, Tim Eifler, D. L. Hollowood, K. Honscheid, S. R. Hinton, S. Serrano, F. Paz-Chinchón, Sunayana Bhargava, Daniel Thomas, R. Miquel, E. Buckley-Geer, Jennifer L. Marshall, T. M. C. Abbott, S. Everett, E. J. Sanchez, Ben Burningham, M. dal Ponte, S. Allam, Robert A. Gruendl, A. A. Plazas, V. Scarpine, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, Department of Energy (US), National Science Foundation (US), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), University of Illinois, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Chicago, The Ohio State University, Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Brasil), Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (Brasil), and German Research Foundation

Subjects
Proper motion, Brown dwarf, FOS: Physical sciences, Binary number, Astrophysics, Stellar classification, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, general [binaries], stars: low-mass, 0103 physical sciences, low-mass [stars], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Stars, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, binaries: general, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Dark energy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, brown dwarfs
Abstract

Full author list: M dal Ponte, B Santiago, A Carnero Rosell, B Burningham, B Yanny, J L Marshall, K Bechtol, P Martini, T S Li, L De Paris, T M C Abbott, M Aguena, S Allam, S Avila, E Bertin, S Bhargava, D Brooks, E Buckley-Geer, M Carrasco Kind, J Carretero, L N da Costa, J De Vicente, H T Diehl, P Doel, T F Eifler, S Everett, B Flaugher, P Fosalba, J Frieman, J García-Bellido, E Gaztanaga, D W Gerdes, D Gruen, R A Gruendl, J Gschwend, G Gutierrez, S R Hinton, D L Hollowood, K Honscheid, D J James, K Kuehn, N Kuropatkin, M A G Maia, M March, F Menanteau, R Miquel, A Palmese, F Paz-Chinchón, A A Plazas, E Sanchez, V Scarpine, S Serrano, I Sevilla-Noarbe, M Smith, E Suchyta, M E C Swanson, G Tarle, D Thomas, T N Varga, A R Walker, DES Collaboration, We present the discovery of 255 binary and 6 multiple system candidates with wide (> 5 arcsec) separation composed by ultracool dwarfs (UCDs) companions to stars, plus nine double ultracool dwarf systems. These systems were selected based on common distance criteria. About 90 per cent of the total sample has proper motions available and 73 per cent of the systems also satisfy a common proper motion criterion. The sample of ultracool candidates was taken from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and the candidate stellar primaries are from Gaia DR2 and DES data. We compute chance alignment probabilities in order to assess the physical nature of each pair. We find that 174 candidate pairs with Gaia DR2 primaries and 81 pairs with a DES star as a primary have chance alignment probabilities < 5. Only nine candidate systems composed of two UCDs were identified. The sample of candidate multiple systems is made up of five triple systems and one quadruple system. The majority of the UCDs found in binaries and multiples are of early L type and the typical wide binary fraction over the L spectral types is 2-4. Our sample of candidate wide binaries with UCDs as secondaries constitutes a substantial increase over the known number of such systems, which are very useful to constrain the formation and evolution of UCDs., Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the US Department of Energy, the US National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the DES. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, the NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, Texas A&M University, and the OzDES Membership Consortium. Based in part on observations at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2015-71825, ESP2015-66861, FPA2015-68048, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), through project number CE110001020, and the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) e-Universe (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. This publication makes use of data products from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, and NEOWISE, which is a project of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology. WISE and NEOWISE are funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The analysis presented here is based on observations obtained as part of the VHS, ESO Programme, 179.A-2010 (PI: McMahon). This paper has gone through internal review by the DES collaboration. ACR acknowledges financial support provided by the PAPDRJ CAPES/FAPERJ Fellowship and by ‘Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu de CIEMAT – Física de Partículas (Proyecto MDM)’

Published
2020

4. Candidate periodically variable quasars from the Dark Energy Survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

Author

J. Carretero, Tamara M. Davis, Matias Carrasco Kind, Samuel Hinton, M. March, S. Everett, Timothy M. C. Abbott, E. Suchyta, G. Gutierrez, H. Thomas Diehl, Luiz N. da Costa, Juan Garcia-Bellido, Marcos Lima, Yu-Ching Chen, Antonella Palmese, Xin Liu, Aurelio Carnero Rosell, Alistair R. Walker, M. Costanzi, Sunayana Bhargava, Jennifer L. Marshall, Brad E. Tucker, Kaiwen Zhang, David J. James, Michel Aguena, Ramon Miquel, Wei-Ting Liao, A. A. Plazas, A. Miguel Holgado, Felipe Menanteau, C. Lidman, Geraint F. Lewis, B. Flaugher, Gregory Tarle, Nikolay Kuropatkin, Michael Schubnell, Karl Glazebrook, Peter Doel, David J. Brooks, Hengxiao Guo, Enrique Gaztanaga, Emmanuel Bertin, Santiago Avila, Shantanu Desai, Devon L. Hollowood, Marcio A. G. Maia, Mathew Smith, D. L. Burke, Yue Shen, S. Allam, Robert A. Gruendl, E. J. Sanchez, F. Paz-Chinchón, Daniel Gruen, Daniela Carollo, Alex G. Kim, Santiago Serrano, Molly E. C. Swanson, Eric Morganson, Juan de Vicente, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, T. N. Varga, Joshua A. Frieman, Douglas Friedel, Kyler Kuehn, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, National Science Foundation (US), European Commission, European Research Council, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Chen, Yu-Ching, Liu, Xin, Liao, Wei-Ting, Holgado, A Miguel, Guo, Hengxiao, Gruendl, Robert A, Morganson, Eric, Shen, Yue, Zhang, Kaiwen, Abbott, Tim M C, Aguena, Michel, Allam, Sahar, Avila, Santiago, Bertin, Emmanuel, Bhargava, Sunayana, Brooks, David, Burke, David L, Rosell, Aurelio Carnero, Carollo, Daniela, Kind, Matias Carrasco, Carretero, Jorge, Costanzi, Matteo, da Costa, Luiz N, Davis, Tamara M, De Vicente, Juan, Desai, Shantanu, Diehl, H Thoma, Doel, Peter, Everett, Spencer, Flaugher, Brenna, Friedel, Dougla, Frieman, Joshua, García-Bellido, Juan, Gaztanaga, Enrique, Glazebrook, Karl, Gruen, Daniel, Gutierrez, Gaston, Hinton, Samuel R, Hollowood, Devon L, James, David J, Kim, Alex G, Kuehn, Kyler, Kuropatkin, Nikolay, Lewis, Geraint F, Lidman, Christopher, Lima, Marco, Maia, Marcio A G, March, Marisa, Marshall, Jennifer L, Menanteau, Felipe, Miquel, Ramon, Palmese, Antonella, Paz-Chinchón, Francisco, Plazas, Andrés A, Sanchez, Eusebio, Schubnell, Michael, Serrano, Santiago, Sevilla-Noarbe, Ignacio, Smith, Mathew, Suchyta, Eric, Swanson, Molly E C, Tarle, Gregory, Tucker, Brad E, Varga, Tamas Norbert, and Walker, Alistair R

Subjects
Software_OPERATINGSYSTEMS, ComputingMethodologies_SIMULATIONANDMODELING, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, black hole physics, galaxies: active, nuclei [galaxies], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Data_CODINGANDINFORMATIONTHEORY, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, surveys, galaxies: high-redshift, quasars: general, 0103 physical sciences, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, galaxies: nuclei, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, survey, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common, ONDAS GRAVITACIONAIS, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Supermassive black hole, general [quasars], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, ComputerSystemsOrganization_PROCESSORARCHITECTURES, Light curve, black hole physic, Redshift, Supernova, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), active [galaxies], Dark energy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], high-redshift [galaxies], Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract

DES Collaboration: et al., Periodically variable quasars have been suggested as close binary supermassive black holes. We present a systematic search for periodic light curves in 625 spectroscopically confirmed quasars with a median redshift of 1.8 in a 4.6 deg2 overlapping region of the Dark Energy Survey Supernova (DES-SN) fields and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Stripe 82 (SDSS-S82). Our sample has a unique 20-yr long multicolour (griz) light curve enabled by combining DES-SN Y6 observations with archival SDSS-S82 data. The deep imaging allows us to search for periodic light curves in less luminous quasars (down to r ∼23.5 mag) powered by less massive black holes (with masses ≳ 108.5M⊙) at high redshift for the first time. We find five candidates with significant (at >99.74 per cent single-frequency significance in at least two bands with a global p-value of ∼7 × 10−4–3 × 10−3 accounting for the look-elsewhere effect) periodicity with observed periods of ∼3–5 yr (i.e. 1–2 yr in rest frame) having ∼4–6 cycles spanned by the observations. If all five candidates are periodically variable quasars, this translates into a detection rate of ∼0.8+0.5−0.3 per cent or ∼1.1+0.7−0.5 quasar per deg2. Our detection rate is 4–80 times larger than those found by previous searches using shallower surveys over larger areas. This discrepancy is likely caused by differences in the quasar populations probed and the survey data qualities. We discuss implications on the future direct detection of low-frequency gravitational waves. Continued photometric monitoring will further assess the robustness and characteristics of these candidate periodic quasars to determine their physical origins., The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under grants AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MICINN under grants ESP2017-89838, PGC2018-094773, PGC2018-102021, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC grants 240672, 291329, and 306478.

Published
2020

5. Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Wide Field Mass Maps via Forward Fitting in Harmonic Space

Author

B. Flaugher, Peter Doel, Michael Troxel, Ben Hoyle, H. T. Diehl, T. M. C. Abbott, David Bacon, E. J. Sanchez, Erin Sheldon, G. Gutierrez, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, N. Kuropatkin, L. N. da Costa, M. E. C. Swanson, Joshua A. Frieman, Peter Melchior, Douglas L. Tucker, Kyler Kuehn, K. Honscheid, Shantanu Desai, Matt J. Jarvis, J. Carretero, V. Scarpine, Jennifer L. Marshall, Sarah Bridle, Chihway Chang, G. Tarle, Stella Seitz, D. L. Hollowood, M. Smith, David J. James, Tesla E. Jeltema, Daniel Gruen, M. A. G. Maia, Alistair R. Walker, W. G. Hartley, Joe Zuntz, S. Serrano, B. Mawdsley, David J. Brooks, Pablo Fosalba, A. Roodman, Vinu Vikram, D. W. Gerdes, J. Annis, Marcos Lima, J. Gschwend, D. L. Burke, A. Carnero Rosell, E. Buckley-Geer, Robert A. Gruendl, A. A. Plazas, E. Suchyta, August E. Evrard, M. Gatti, Ramon Miquel, S. Samuroff, R. C. Smith, Niall Jeffrey, Juan Garcia-Bellido, E. Bertin, Eduardo Rozo, Flavia Sobreira, M. Carrasco Kind, Enrique Gaztanaga, J. De Vicente, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Generalitat de Catalunya, and UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica

Subjects
ST/S000550/1, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Large-scale structure of Universe, Library science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, dark matter, gravitational lensing: weak, 0103 physical sciences, Dark matter, media_common.cataloged_instance, Weak, European union, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, License, Publication, STFC, media_common, Physics, Matter, Harmonic space, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Non-Gaussianity, European research, Física, RCUK, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxies, Des, Wide field, Cosmology, Alliance, Space and Planetary Science, Constraints, astro-ph.CO, large-scale structure of Universe, Resolution, business, weak [Gravitational lensing], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Minkowski Functionals
Abstract

We present new wide-field weak lensing mass maps for the Year 1 Dark Energy Survey (DES) data, generated via a forward fitting approach. This method of producing maps does not impose any prior constraints on the mass distribution to be reconstructed. The technique is found to improve the map reconstruction on the edges of the field compared to the conventional Kaiser–Squires method, which applies a direct inversion on the data; our approach is in good agreement with the previous direct approach in the central regions of the footprint. The mapping technique is assessed and verified with tests on simulations; together with the Kaiser–Squires method, the technique is then applied to data from the DES Year 1 data and the differences between the two methods are compared. We also produce the first DES measurements of the convergence Minkowski functionals and compare them to those measured in simulations., The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2015- 71825, ESP2015-66861, FPA2015-68048, SEV-2016-0588, SEV 2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia (INCT) e-Universe (CNPq grant ˆ 465376/2014-2). This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes.

Published
2020

6. The SPTpol Extended Cluster Survey

Author

Shahab Joudaki, M. Costanzi, Matt Dobbs, C. L. Chang, Carole Tucker, E. Bertin, Dale Li, Michael McDonald, A. E. Lowitz, T. M. Crawford, Mark Brodwin, W. B. Everett, A. Roodman, N. W. Halverson, J. Carretero, Santiago Serrano, G. Khullar, Elizabeth George, Adam Anderson, M. Smith, James A. Beall, C. Sievers, Nathan Whitehorn, Valentine Novosad, Marcelle Soares-Santos, Devon L. Hollowood, Volodymyr Yefremenko, C. Pryke, D. Gruen, Nesar Ramachandra, Gensheng Wang, Antonella Palmese, Steven W. Allen, John P. Nibarger, T. Veach, J. D. Hrubes, A. K. Romer, Ramon Miquel, H. T. Diehl, G. I. Noble, W. L. K. Wu, Niall MacCrann, Juan Garcia-Bellido, L. N. da Costa, Christian L. Reichardt, Federico Bianchini, B. Flaugher, Jason E. Austermann, A. A. Plazas, Jason Gallicchio, K. Honscheid, Santiago Avila, Joshua Montgomery, Amy N. Bender, N. L. Harrington, Robert A. Gruendl, Matthias Klein, A. T. Crites, Sebastian Bocquet, S. Patil, L. M. Mocanu, John E. Carlstrom, A. Carnero Rosell, Peter A. R. Ade, B. Stalder, Tesla E. Jeltema, T. de Haan, E. Buckley-Geer, K. K. Schaffer, K. T. Story, Jeff McMahon, J. Gschwend, Shantanu Desai, Benjamin Floyd, Keith Bechtol, Bradford Benson, Catherine Heymans, Jason W. Henning, Antony A. Stark, Joaquin Vieira, Graeme Smecher, Robert I. Citron, M. L. N. Ashby, Lloyd Knox, M. A. G. Maia, A. Saro, J. P. Dietrich, Chris Blake, T. Natoli, N. P. Kuropatkin, James Annis, J. T. Sayre, Michael D. Gladders, J. L. Marshall, C. Corbett Moran, Keith Vanderlinde, Joseph J. Mohr, Kent D. Irwin, W. L. Holzapfel, Jochen Weller, Jessica Avva, David Parkinson, Johannes Hubmayr, Stephen Padin, Joshua A. Frieman, Felipe Menanteau, Gregory Tarle, Tim Schrabback, Matthew B. Bayliss, Eli S. Rykoff, D. L. Burke, E. J. Sanchez, G. Gutierrez, Lindsey Bleem, N. Huang, A. Gilbert, H. C. Chiang, Yanxi Zhang, Tim Eifler, J. D. Remolina González, Benjamin Saliwanchik, F. Paz-Chinchón, Adrian T. Lee, D. W. Gerdes, D. H. Brooks, S. S. Meyer, G. P. Holder, Guillaume Mahler, M. Carrasco Kind, J. E. Ruhl, J. De Vicente, E. Suchyta, Nikhel Gupta, David James, C. Lidman, Keren Sharon, A. Nadolski, Peter Melchior, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SPT, DES, Bleem, L. E., Bocquet, S., Stalder, B., Gladders, M. D., Ade, P. A. R., Allen, S. W., Anderson, A. J., Annis, J., Ashby, M. L. N., Austermann, J. E., Avila, S., Avva, J. S., Bayliss, M., Beall, J. A., Bechtol, K., Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Bertin, E., Bianchini, F., Blake, C., Brodwin, Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Carlstrom, J. E., Rosell, A. Carnero, Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Chang, C. L., Chiang, H. C., Citron, R., Moran, C. Corbett, Costanzi, M., Crawford, T. M., Crites, A. T., da Costa, L. N., de Haan, T., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Dobbs, M. A., Eifler, T. F., Everett, W., Flaugher, B., Floyd, B., Frieman, J., Gallicchio, J., García-Bellido, J., George, E. M., Gerdes, D. W., Gilbert, A., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gupta, N., Gutierrez, G., Halverson, N. W., Harrington, N., Henning, J. W., Heymans, C., Holder, G. P., Hollowood, D. L., Holzapfel, W. L., Honscheid, K., Hrubes, J. D., Huang, N., Hubmayr, J., Irwin, K. D., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Joudaki, S., Khullar, G., Klein, M., Knox, L., Kuropatkin, N., Lee, A. T., Li, D., Lidman, C., Lowitz, A., Maccrann, N., Mahler, G., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Mcdonald, M., Mcmahon, J. J., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Meyer, S. S., Miquel, R., Mocanu, L. M., Mohr, J. J., Montgomery, J., Nadolski, A., Natoli, T., Nibarger, J. P., Noble, G., Novosad, V., Padin, S., Palmese, A., Parkinson, D., Patil, S., Paz-Chinchón, F., Plazas, A. A., Pryke, C., Ramachandra, N. S., Reichardt, C. L., Remolina González, J. D., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Ruhl, J. E., Rykoff, E. S., Saliwanchik, B. R., Sanchez, E., Saro, A., Sayre, J. T., Schaffer, K. K., Schrabback, T., Serrano, S., Sharon, K., Sievers, C., Smecher, G., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Stark, A. A., Story, K. T., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., Tucker, C., Vanderlinde, K., Veach, T., Vieira, J. D., Wang, G., Weller, J., Whitehorn, N., Wu, W. L. K., Yefremenko, V., Zhang, Y., National Science Foundation (US), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Department of Energy (US), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), University of Illinois, University of Chicago, Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Brasil), Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional das Fundaçôes Estaduais de Amparo à Pesquisa (Brasil), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (Brasil), German Research Foundation, Argonne National Laboratory (US), Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Fonds de Recherche du Québec, Max Planck Society, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, European Commission, Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (Germany), Australian Research Council, Australian Astronomical Observatory, California Institute of Technology, and Generalitat de Catalunya

Subjects
Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Strong gravitational lensing, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Galaxy, Cosmology, Gravitational lens, Space and Planetary Science, Large-scale structure of the universe, 0103 physical sciences, astro-ph.CO, Cluster (physics), Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Galaxy clusters, Cluster sampling, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Galaxy cluster, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Full author list: L. E. Bleem, S. Bocquet, B. Stalder, M. D. Gladders, P. A. R. Ade, S. W. Allen, A. J. Anderson, J. Annis, M. L. N. Ashby, J. E. Austermann, S. Avila, J. S. Avva, M. Bayliss, J. A. Beall, K. Bechtol, A. N. Bender, B. A. Benson, E. Bertin, F. Bianchini, C. Blake, M. Brodwin, D. Brooks, E. Buckley-Geer, D. L. Burke, J. E. Carlstrom, A. Carnero Rosell, M. Carrasco Kind, J. Carretero, C. L. Chang, H. C. Chiang, R. Citron, C. Corbett Moran, M. Costanzi, T. M. Crawford, A. T. Crites, L. N. da Costa, T. de Haan, J. De Vicente, S. Desai, H. T. Diehl, J. P. Dietrich, M. A. Dobbs, T. F. Eifler, W. Everett, B. Flaugher, B. Floyd, J. Frieman, J. Gallicchio, J. García-Bellido, E. M. George, D. W. Gerdes, A. Gilbert, D. Gruen, R. A. Gruendl, J. Gschwend, N. Gupta, G. Gutierrez, N. W. Halverson, N. Harrington, J. W. Henning, C. Heymans, G. P. Holder, D. L. Hollowood, W. L. Holzapfel, K. Honscheid, J. D. Hrubes, N. Huang, J. Hubmayr, K. D. Irwin, D. J. James, T. Jeltema, S. Joudaki, G. Khullar, M. Klein, L. Knox, N. Kuropatkin, A. T. Lee, D. Li, C. Lidman, A. Lowitz, N. MacCrann, G. Mahler, M. A. G. Maia, J. L. Marshall, M. McDonald, J. J. McMahon, P. Melchior, F. Menanteau, S. S. Meyer, R. Miquel, L. M. Mocanu, J. J. Mohr, J. Montgomery, A. Nadolski, T. Natoli, J. P. Nibarger, G. Noble, V. Novosad, S. Padin, A. Palmese, D. Parkinson, S. Patil, F. Paz-Chinchón, A. A. Plazas, C. Pryke, N. S. Ramachandra, C. L. Reichardt, J. D. Remolina González, A. K. Romer, A. Roodman, J. E. Ruhl, E. S. Rykoff, B. R. Saliwanchik, E. Sanchez, A. Saro, J. T. Sayre, K. K. Schaffer, T. Schrabback, S. Serrano, K. Sharon, C. Sievers, G. Smecher, M. Smith, M. Soares-Santos, A. A. Stark, K. T. Story, E. Suchyta, G. Tarle, C. Tucker, K. Vanderlinde, T. Veach, J. D. Vieira, G. Wang, J. Weller, N. Whitehorn, W. L. K. Wu, V. Yefremenko, and Y. Zhang, We describe the observations and resultant galaxy cluster catalog from the 2770 deg2 SPTpol Extended Cluster Survey (SPT-ECS). Clusters are identified via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect and confirmed with a combination of archival and targeted follow-up data, making particular use of data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). With incomplete follow-up we have confirmed as clusters 244 of 266 candidates at a detection significance ξ ≥ 5 and an additional 204 systems at 4 < ξ < 5. The confirmed sample has a median mass of M500c ~ 4.4 ¿ 1014 M☉ h70 -1 and a median redshift of z = 0.49, and we have identified 44 strong gravitational lenses in the sample thus far. Radio data are used to characterize contamination to the SZ signal; the median contamination for confirmed clusters is predicted to be ∼1% of the SZ signal at the ξ > 4 threshold, and 10% of their measured SZ flux. We associate SZ-selected clusters, from both SPT-ECS and the SPT-SZ survey, with clusters from the DES redMaPPer sample, and we find an offset distribution between the SZ center and central galaxy in general agreement with previous work, though with a larger fraction of clusters with significant offsets. Adopting a fixed Planck-like cosmology, we measure the optical richness-SZ mass (l - M) relation and find it to be 28% shallower than that from a weak-lensing analysis of the DES data-a difference significant at the 4σ level-with the relations intersecting at λ = 60. The SPT-ECS cluster sample will be particularly useful for studying the evolution of massive clusters and, in combination with DES lensing observations and the SPT-SZ cluster sample, will be an important component of future cosmological analyses., This work was performed in the context of the South Pole Telescope scientific program. SPT is supported by the National Science Foundation through grant PLR-1248097. Partial support is also provided by the NSF Physics Frontier Center grant PHY-0114422 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Kavli Foundation, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation grant GBMF 947 to the University of Chicago. This work is also supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. PISCO observations are supported by NSF AST-1814719. Work at Argonne National Lab is supported by UChicago Argonne LLC, operator of Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory, is operated under contract No. DE-AC02- 06CH11357. We also acknowledge support from the Argonne Center for Nanoscale Materials. M.G. and L.B. acknowledge partial support from HST-GO-15307.001. B.B. is supported by the Fermi Research Alliance LLC under contract No. De-AC02- 07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The CU Boulder group acknowledges support from NSF AST-0956135. The McGill authors acknowledge funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, and the Fonds de Recherche du Québec Nature et technologies. The UCLA authors acknowledge support from NSF AST-1716965 and CSSI-1835865. The Stanford/SLAC group acknowledges support from the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515. A.S. is supported by the ERC-StG “ClustersXCosmo” grant agreement 716762 and by the FARE-MIUR grant “ClustersXEuclid” R165SBKTMA. C.H. acknowledges support from the Max Planck Society and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, in the framework of the Max Planck-Humboldt Research Award endowed by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, in addition to support from the European Research Council under grant No. 647112. S.J. acknowledges support from the Beecroft Trust and ERC 693024. T.S. acknowledges support from the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) provided through DLR under projects 50 OR 1610 and 50 OR 1803, as well as support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG, under project SCHR 1400/3-1. The Melbourne authors acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council’s Discovery Projects scheme (DP150103208). The 2dFLenS survey is based on data acquired through the Australian Astronomical Observatory, under program A/2014B/008. This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at The Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratory, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the University of Edinburgh, the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, the Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, the University of Nottingham, The Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, Texas A&M University, and the OzDES Membership Consortium. Based in part on observations at Cerro Tololo InterAmerican Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant Nos. AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2015-71825, ESP2015-66861, FPA2015-68048, SEV2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007- 2013), including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) e-Universe (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2). This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Pan-STARRS1 Surveys (PS1) and the PS1 public science archive have been made possible through contributions by the Institute for Astronomy, the University of Hawaii, the Pan-STARRS Project Office, the Max-Planck Society and its participating institutes, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Johns Hopkins University, Durham University, the University of Edinburgh, the Queen’s University Belfast, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network Incorporated, the National Central University of Taiwan, the Space Telescope Science Institute, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant No. NNX08AR22G issued through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate, the National Science Foundation grant No. AST1238877, the University of Maryland, Eotvos Lorand University (ELTE), the Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation

Published
2020

7. DES16C3cje: A low-luminosity, long-lived supernova

Author

T. W. Chen, D. L. Burke, M. Della Valle, M. Pursiainen, Lluís Galbany, Mark Sullivan, Mariusz Gromadzki, A. A. Plazas, Nidia Morrell, Cristina Barbarino, Geraint F. Lewis, P. Wiseman, Juna A. Kollmeier, C. R. Angus, A. R. Walker, M. A. G. Maia, H. T. Diehl, Daniela Carollo, C. Frohmaier, Claudia P. Gutiérrez, Josh Frieman, Peter Nugent, Daniel Gruen, Ramon Miquel, P. Doel, R. D. Wilkinson, R. Kokotanekova, Kyler Kuehn, Juan Garcia-Bellido, E. Bertin, Marcos Lima, A. Pastorello, Jesper Sollerman, David J. James, Felipe Menanteau, Gregory Tarle, Pablo Fosalba, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, David Brooks, Michael Schubnell, Kate Maguire, E. Suchyta, Samuel Hinton, J. Gschwend, N. Kuropatkin, G. Gutierrez, Matt Nicholl, T. N. Varga, L. N. da Costa, D. W. Gerdes, T. F. Eifler, J. De Vicente, K. Honscheid, Michel Aguena, Ryan J. Foley, M. R. Magee, J. Carretero, Marcelle Soares-Santos, L. Martinez, Tamara M. Davis, N. E. Sommer, M. Sako, Cosimo Inserra, Mathew Smith, Anais Möller, D. L. Hollowood, M. Carrasco Kind, M. March, S. Serrano, S. Allam, A. Carnero Rosell, Robert A. Gruendl, B. E. Tucker, M. E. C. Swanson, E. Swann, F. Paz-Chinchón, Daniel Thomas, E. Buckley-Geer, Yen-Chen Pan, Erkki Kankare, Eric Morganson, Antonella Palmese, E. J. Sanchez, Santiago González-Gaitán, Morgan Fraser, Santiago Avila, S. Desai, Joseph P. Anderson, M. Costanzi, B. Flaugher, V. Scarpine, Melina C. Bersten, Ofer Lahav, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gutierrez, C. P., Sullivan, M., Martinez, L., Bersten, M. C., Inserra, C., Smith, M., Anderson, J. P., Pan, Y. -C., Pastorello, A., Galbany, L., Nugent, P., Angus, C. R., Barbarino, C., Carollo, D., Chen, T. -W., Davis, T. M., Della Valle, M., Foley, R. J., Fraser, M., Frohmaier, C., Gonzalez-Gaitan, S., Gromadzki, M., Kankare, E., Kokotanekova, R., Kollmeier, J., Lewis, G. F., Magee, M. R., Maguire, K., Moller, A., Morrell, N., Nicholl, M., Pursiainen, M., Sollerman, J., Sommer, N. E., Swann, E., Tucker, B. E., Wiseman, P., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Avila, S., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Costanzi, M., Da Costa, L. N., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Garcia-Bellido, J., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Morganson, E., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchon, F., Plazas, A. A., Sako, M., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Soares-Santos, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Varga, T. N., Walker, A. R., Wilkinson, R., Department of Energy (US), National Science Foundation (US), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), University of Illinois, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Chicago, The Ohio State University, Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Brasil), Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (Brasil), German Research Foundation, and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Absolute magnitude, long-lived, general [Supernovae], Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Luminosity, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), star, model: hydrodynamics, accretion, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Red supergiant, dark energy, FALLBACK, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, PAIR-INSTABILITY, Accretion (meteorology), hep-ph, supernovae: general, supernovae: individual: (DES16C3cje), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Supernova, radioactivity, SUPERNOVAS, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomical and Space Sciences, LATE TIMES, TIDAL DISRUPTION, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, individual: [supernovae], individual: (DES16C3cje) [supernovae], brightness, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, STAR-FORMATION, Affordable and Clean Energy, bolometer, 0103 physical sciences, supernova, PHOTOMETRY, luminosity, numerical calculations, STFC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, LIGHT CURVES, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, velocity: expansion, RCUK, TRANSIENTS, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Light curve, Type II supernova, redshift, EVOLUTION, Redshift, Automatic Keywords, Space and Planetary Science, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], galaxy, SN 2005CS, individual (DES16C3cje) [Supernovae], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

We present DES16C3cje, a low-luminosity, long-lived type II supernova (SN II) at redshift 0.0618, detected by the Dark Energy Survey (DES). DES16C3cje is a unique SN. The spectra are characterized by extremely narrow photospheric lines corresponding to very low expansion velocities of . 1500 km s−1 , and the light curve shows an initial peak that fades after 50 days before slowly rebrightening over a further 100 days to reach an absolute brightness of M푟 ∼ −15.5 mag. The decline rate of the late-time light curve is then slower than that expected from the powering by radioactive decay of 56Co, but is comparable to that expected from accretion power. Comparing the bolometric light curve with hydrodynamical models, we find that DES16C3cje can be explained by either i) a low explosion energy (0.11 foe) and relatively large 56Ni production of 0.075 M from a ∼ 15 M red supergiant progenitor typical of other SNe II, or ii) a relatively compact ∼ 40 M star, explosion energy of 1 foe, and 0.08 M of 56Ni. Both scenarios require additional energy input to explain the late-time light curve, which is consistent with fallback accretion at a rate of ∼ 0.5 × 10−8 M s−1., EU/FP7-ERC grant 615929, European Union (EU) 839090, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Science Foundation Ireland, Polish NCN MAESTRO 2014/14/A/ST9/00121, Royal Astronomical Society Research Fellowship, European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere, Chile 299.D-5040(A) 299.D-5040(B) 0100.D-0461(A) 194.C-0207(I), PESSTO, (the Public ESO Spectroscopic Survey for Transient Objects Survey) ESO program 197.D1075 199.D-0143, Programme NOAO GS-2016B-Q-9, United States Department of Energy (DOE), National Science Foundation (NSF), Spanish Government, Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Higher Education Funding Council for England, National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, Ohio State University, Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas AM University, Ciencia Tecnologia e Inovacao (FINEP), Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Inovacao, German Research Foundation (DFG), Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey, United States Department of Energy (DOE) University of Chicago, University of California at Santa Cruz, University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Madrid, University of Chicago, University College London, DES-Brazil Consortium, University of Edinburgh, ETH Zurich, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC/CSIC), Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat Munchen and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, University of Michigan System, National Science Foundation (NSF) NSF - Directorate for Mathematical & Physical Sciences (MPS), University of Nottingham, University of Pennsylvania, University of Portsmouth, Stanford University United States Department of Energy (DOE), Stanford University, University of Sussex, Texas AM University, OzDES Membership Consortium, German Research Foundation (DFG) HA 1850/28-1, European Union (EU) PGC2018-095317-B-C21, National Science Foundation (NSF) AST-1138766 AST-1536171, MINECO AYA2015-71825 ESP2015-66861 FPA2015-68048 SEV-2016-0588 SEV2016-0597 MDM-2015-0509, ERDF funds from the European Union, CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya, European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013), European Research Council (ERC) 240672 291329 306478, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) 465376/2014-2, National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility DE-AC02-05CH11231, United States Department of Energy (DOE) DE-AC02-07CH11359

Published
2020

8. Studying Type II supernovae as cosmological standard candles using the Dark Energy Survey

Author

Michael Schubnell, Josh Frieman, K. Honscheid, David Brooks, David J. James, Jochen Weller, Santiago González-Gaitán, A. Roodman, Pablo Fosalba, B. E. Tucker, M. E. C. Swanson, Ryan J. Foley, T. M. C. Abbott, J. Carretero, Tamara M. Davis, Karl Glazebrook, Daniel Thomas, E. J. Sanchez, V. Scarpine, Sunayana Bhargava, A. A. Plazas, M. Costanzi, Claudia P. Gutiérrez, Felipe Menanteau, Marcos Lima, Shantanu Desai, Mario Hamuy, Daniela Carollo, Marcelle Soares-Santos, Gregory Tarle, Edward Macaulay, Juan Estrada, Anais Möller, A. R. Walker, M. A. G. Maia, Mathew Smith, Tenglin Li, D. L. Burke, F. Forster, Daniel Scolnic, W. G. Hartley, B. Flaugher, Enrique Gaztanaga, Santiago Avila, Peter J. Brown, Samuel Hinton, Antonella Palmese, G. Gutierrez, T. de Jaeger, Michel Aguena, Daniel Gruen, J. De Vicente, Geraint F. Lewis, Ramon Miquel, P. Doel, H. T. Diehl, Alexei V. Filippenko, N. E. Sommer, Alex Drlica-Wagner, A. Carnero Rosell, M. Carrasco Kind, J. Annis, J. Gschwend, S. Allam, Robert A. Gruendl, F. Paz-Chinchón, D. J. Brout, T. F. Eifler, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, S. Everett, Douglas L. Tucker, Kyler Kuehn, B. Nichol, N. Kuropatkin, E. Suchyta, T. N. Varga, L. N. da Costa, M. Sako, Cosimo Inserra, D. L. Hollowood, S. Serrano, Richard Kessler, Juan Garcia-Bellido, E. Bertin, Lluís Galbany, Martin Crocce, R. D. Wilkinson, A. K. Romer, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), de Jaeger, T., Galbany, L., González-Gaitán, S., Kessler, R., Filippenko, A. V., Förster, F., Hamuy, M., Brown, P. J., Davis, T. M., Gutiérrez, C. P., Inserra, C., Lewis, G. F., Möller, A., Scolnic, D., Smith, M., Brout, D., Carollo, D., Foley, R. J., Glazebrook, K., Hinton, S. R., Macaulay, E., Nichol, B., Sako, M., Sommer, N. E., Tucker, B. E., Abbott, T. M. C., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Annis, J., Avila, S., Bertin, E., Bhargava, S., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Costanzi, M., Crocce, M., da Costa, L. N., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eifler, T. F., Estrada, J., Everett, S., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., T. S., Li, Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchón, F., Plazas, A. A., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Soares-Santos, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Tucker, D. L., Varga, T. N., Walker, A. R., Weller, J., Wilkinson, R., and Des, Collaboration

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), ) distance scale [(Cosmology], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Computer Science::Computational Geometry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, Range (statistics), distances and redshifts [Galaxies], Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, distances and redshift [galaxies], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 4. Education, Cosmic distance ladder, (stars:) supernovae: general, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Redshift, Term (time), (cosmology:) distance scale, Supernova, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, ) supernovae: general [(Stars], AGLOMERADOS DE GALÁXIAS, Dark energy, symbols, galaxies: distances and redshifts, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Hubble's law, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Despite vast improvements in the measurement of the cosmological parameters, the nature of dark energy and an accurate value of the Hubble constant (H0) in the Hubble–Lemaˆıtre law remain unknown. To break the current impasse, it is necessary to develop as many independent techniques as possible, such as the use of Type II supernovae (SNe II). The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the utility of SNe II for deriving accurate extragalactic distances, which will be an asset for the next generation of telescopes where more-distant SNe II will be discovered. More specifically, we present a sample from the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program (DES-SN) consisting of 15 SNe II with photometric and spectroscopic information spanning a redshift range up to 0.35. Combining our DES SNe with publicly available samples, and using the standard candle method (SCM), we construct the largest available Hubble diagram with SNe II in the Hubble flow (70 SNe II) and find an observed dispersion of 0.27 mag. We demonstrate that adding a colour term to the SN II standardization does not reduce the scatter in the Hubble diagram. Although SNe II are viable as distance indicators, this work points out important issues for improving their utility as independent extragalactic beacons: find new correlations, define a more standard subclass of SNe II, construct new SN II templates, and dedicate more observing time to high-redshift SNe II. Finally, for the first time, we perform simulations to estimate the redshift-dependent distance-modulus bias due to selection effects., National Science Foundation (NSF) AST-1211916, TABASGO Foundation, Gary and Cynthia Bengier, Christopher R. Redlich Fund, Sylvia and Jim Katzman Foundation, Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science (UC Berkeley) - European Union 839090, Spanish grant PGC2018-095317-B-C21, European Union (EU), EU/FP7-ERC grant 615929, National Science Foundation (NSF), Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) collaboration includes the astronomical communities of Japan, Princeton University, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU), University of Tokyo, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), FIRST programme from the Japanese Cabinet Office, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan Science & Technology Agency (JST), Toray Industries, Inc., Institute for Astronomy (the University of Hawaii), Max Planck Society Foundation CELLEX, National Central University of Taiwan, Space Telescope Science Institute, National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) NNX08AR22G, National Science Foundation (NSF) AST-1238877, University of Maryland, Eotvos Lorand University (ELTE), National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA), W.M. Keck Foundation, National Research Council of Canada, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC), National Research Council, Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT), Australian Research Council, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET) GN-2005A-Q11 GN-2005B-Q-7 GN-2006A-Q-7 GS-2005A-Q-11 GS-2005BQ-6 GS-2008B-Q-56, United States Department of Energy (DOE), Spanish Government, Higher Education Funding Council for England, National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Ohio State University, Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas AM University, Ciencia Tecnologia e Inovacao (FINEP), Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient'tronomy at Texas AM University, German Research Foundation (DFG), University of Portsmouth, OzDES Membership Consortium, National Science Foundation (NSF) AST-1138766 AST-1536171 AYA2015-71825 ESP2015-66861 FPA2015-68048 SEV2016-0588 SEV-2016-0597, European Union - CERCA programme of the Generalitat de Catalunya, European Research Council (ERC), European Research Council (ERC) 240672 291329 306478, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) 465376/2014-2, United States Department of Energy (DOE) DE-AC02-05CH11231

Published
2020

9. Dynamical Classification of Trans-Neptunian Objects Detected by the Dark Energy Survey

Author

D. Brooks, G. Gutierrez, J. Gschwend, V. Scarpine, M. Sako, Gary Bernstein, D. L. Hollowood, J. Carretero, Kyle Franson, A. A. Plazas, Shantanu Desai, Michael Schubnell, E. Bertin, Josh Frieman, G. Tarle, Christopher J. Miller, Santiago Avila, A. R. Walker, W. C. Wester, M. A. G. Maia, D. L. Burke, M. Carrasco Kind, David J. James, H. T. Diehl, J. De Vicente, Jennifer L. Marshall, Hsing Wen Lin, Flavia Sobreira, T. M. C. Abbott, E. J. Sanchez, Robert A. Gruendl, Enrique Gaztanaga, Pedro H. Bernardinelli, K. Honscheid, Larissa Markwardt, Kevin Napier, B. Flaugher, P. Doel, Juliette C. Becker, Fred C. Adams, E. Suchyta, E. Buckley-Geer, S. Hamilton, Ramon Miquel, A. Carnero Rosell, Felipe Menanteau, Juan Garcia-Bellido, Tali Khain, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, N. Kuropatkin, L. N. da Costa, M. E. C. Swanson, M. Smith, Daniel Gruen, D. W. Gerdes, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dark Energy Survey, DES, National Science Foundation (US), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Generalitat de Catalunya, and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (Brasil)

Subjects
Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Solar System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Scattering, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Centaur, Oort cloud, 01 natural sciences, Kuiper belt, Trans-neptunian objects, Mean motion, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Dark energy, Trans-Neptunian object, Formation and evolution of the Solar System, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The outer Solar System contains a large number of small bodies (known as trans-Neptunian objects or TNOs) that exhibit diverse types of dynamical behavior. The classification of bodies in this distant region into dynamical classes -- sub-populations that experience similar orbital evolution -- aids in our understanding of the structure and formation of the Solar System. In this work, we propose an updated dynamical classification scheme for the outer Solar System. This approach includes the construction of a new (automated) method for identifying mean-motion resonances. We apply this algorithm to the current dataset of TNOs observed by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and present a working classification for all of the DES TNOs detected to date. Our classification scheme yields 1 inner centaur, 19 outer centaurs, 21 scattering disk objects, 47 detached TNOs, 48 securely resonant objects, 7 resonant candidates, and 97 classical belt objects. Among the scattering and detached objects, we detect 8 TNOs with semi-major axes greater than 150 AU., accepted to AJ

Published
2020

10. Steve: A Hierarchical Bayesian Model for Supernova Cosmology

Author

G. Tarle, J. Carretero, Tamara M. Davis, C. Davis, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, Marcelle Soares-Santos, Ofer Lahav, Felipe Menanteau, V. Vikram, Rafe Schindler, David Brooks, Daniel Thomas, Emmanuel Bertin, J. Lasker, M. Childress, N. P. Kuropatkin, C. Lidman, J. De Vicente, A. Carnero Rosell, J. L. Marshall, E. Suchyta, Santiago Avila, Marcos Lima, K. Honscheid, Anais Möller, Yanxi Zhang, Joshua A. Frieman, D. J. Brout, Tim Eifler, Samuel Hinton, Pablo Fosalba, Elisabeth Krause, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, M. Carrasco Kind, M. S. Schubnell, D. L. DePoy, James Annis, Sahar S. Allam, Kyler Kuehn, A. A. Plazas, Ramon Miquel, D. L. Burke, J. Gschwend, L. N. da Costa, Flavia Sobreira, Peter Doel, Richard Kessler, Daniel Scolnic, E. J. Sanchez, M. March, Devon L. Hollowood, V. Scarpine, William G. Hartley, M. Smith, Eric Morganson, G. Gutierrez, Edward Macaulay, Masao Sako, D. W. Gerdes, Robert A. Gruendl, C. B. D'Andrea, Alex G. Kim, Santiago Serrano, R. Wolf, B. Flaugher, Enrique Gaztanaga, M. A. G. Maia, Carlos Cunha, Juan Garcia-Bellido, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and DES

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, AST-1138766, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Bayesian inference, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, Cosmology, Particle and Plasma Physics, Affordable and Clean Energy, 0103 physical sciences, data analysis [methods], Bayesian hierarchical modeling, Nuclear, AST-1536171, dark energy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Malmquist bias, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, RCUK, Molecular, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Light curve, methods: data analysis, Redshift, Supernova, Space and Planetary Science, Dark energy, astro-ph.CO, SUPERNOVAS, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
Abstract

We present a new Bayesian hierarchical model (BHM) named Steve for performing type Ia supernova (SNIa) cosmology fits. This advances previous works by including an improved treatment of Malmquist bias, accounting for additional sources of systematic uncertainty, and increasing numerical efficiency. Given light curve fit parameters, redshifts, and host-galaxy masses, we fit Steve simultaneously for parameters describing cosmology, SNIa populations, and systematic uncertainties. Selection effects are characterised using Monte-Carlo simulations. We demonstrate its implementation by fitting realisations of SNIa datasets where the SNIa model closely follows that used in Steve. Next, we validate on more realistic SNANA simulations of SNIa samples from the Dark Energy Survey and low-redshift surveys. These simulated datasets contain more than $60\,000$ SNeIa, which we use to evaluate biases in the recovery of cosmological parameters, specifically the equation-of-state of dark energy, $w$. This is the most rigorous test of a BHM method applied to SNIa cosmology fitting, and reveals small $w$-biases that depend on the simulated SNIa properties, in particular the intrinsic SNIa scatter model. This $w$-bias is less than $0.03$ on average, less than half the statistical uncertainty on $w$.These simulation test results are a concern for BHM cosmology fitting applications on large upcoming surveys, and therefore future development will focus on minimising the sensitivity of Steve to the SNIa intrinsic scatter model., Comment: 27 pages, 12 figures

Published
2019

11. Dark Energy Survey Year 1 results: Validation of weak lensing cluster member contamination estimates from P(z) decomposition

Author

M. Carrasco Kind, Marcos Lima, Enrique Gaztanaga, Joshua A. Frieman, Douglas L. Tucker, J. DeRose, Kyler Kuehn, D. L. Burke, Peter Doel, A. Carnero Rosell, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, H. T. Diehl, N. Kuropatkin, Daniel Thomas, E. Buckley-Geer, Robert A. Gruendl, Michael Schubnell, Melanie Simet, T. N. Varga, L. N. da Costa, A. K. Romer, David Brooks, M. E. C. Swanson, A. A. Plazas, K. Honscheid, J. Carretero, E. J. Sanchez, J. P. Dietrich, Juan Garcia-Bellido, David J. James, B. Flaugher, Pablo Fosalba, G. Gutierrez, Eli S. Rykoff, Eduardo Rozo, J. Annis, Thomas McClintock, Stella Seitz, Daniel Gruen, A. von der Linden, Tesla E. Jeltema, W. G. Hartley, J. De Vicente, V. Scarpine, Devon L. Hollowood, S. Serrano, E. Suchyta, August E. Evrard, Jennifer L. Marshall, C. B. D'Andrea, Shantanu Desai, D. W. Gerdes, Mathew Smith, Felipe Menanteau, Gregory Tarle, Christopher J. Miller, Yanxi Zhang, M. Costanzi, Ramon Miquel, Santiago Avila, Carlos E. Cunha, M. A. G. Maia, Risa H. Wechsler, Niall MacCrann, E. Bertin, J. Gschwend, Flavia Sobreira, M. March, R. L. C. Ogando, Peter Melchior, Ben Hoyle, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, Varga, T. N., Derose, J., Gruen, D., Mcclintock, T., Seitz, S., Rozo, E., Costanzi, M., Hoyle, B., Maccrann, N., Plazas, A. A., Rykoff, E. S., Simet, M., Von Der Linden, A., Wechsler, R. H., Annis, J., Avila, S., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., Da Costa, L. N., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Doel, P., Evrard, A. E., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Garcia-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Marshall, J. L., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Sobreira, F., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Tucker, D. L., and Zhang, Y.

Subjects
High energy, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Higher education, FOS: Physical sciences, Library science, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, gravitational lensing: weak, Clusters: General [Galaxies], 0103 physical sciences, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, Observation [Cosmology], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, STFC, QC, media_common, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, European research, RCUK, Astronomy and Astrophysics, observations [cosmology], Cosmology: Observations, Galaxies: Clusters: General, Gravitational lensing: weak, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Research council, galaxies: clusters: general, cosmology: observations, Fundamental physics, Christian ministry, CLUSTERS, weak [Gravitational lensing], business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Weak lensing source galaxy catalogs used in estimating the masses of galaxy clusters can be heavily contaminated by cluster members, prohibiting accurate mass calibration. In this study we test the performance of an estimator for the extent of cluster member contamination based on decomposing the photometric redshift $P(z)$ of source galaxies into contaminating and background components. We perform a full scale mock analysis on a simulated sky survey approximately mirroring the observational properties of the Dark Energy Survey Year One observations (DES Y1), and find excellent agreement between the true number profile of contaminating cluster member galaxies in the simulation and the estimated one. We further apply the method to estimate the cluster member contamination for the DES Y1 redMaPPer cluster mass calibration analysis, and compare the results to an alternative approach based on the angular correlation of weak lensing source galaxies. We find indications that the correlation based estimates are biased by the selection of the weak lensing sources in the cluster vicinity, which does not strongly impact the $P(z)$ decomposition method. Collectively, these benchmarks demonstrate the strength of the $P(z)$ decomposition method in alleviating membership contamination and enabling highly accurate cluster weak lensing studies without broad exclusion of source galaxies, thereby improving the total constraining power of cluster mass calibration via weak lensing., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures; submitted to MNNRAS

Published
2019

12. Rediscovery of the Sixth Star Cluster in the Fornax Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy

Author

David J. James, Sergey E. Koposov, Pablo Fosalba, E. Suchyta, D. L. Burke, Joshua A. Frieman, Mei-Yu Wang, D. L. Hollowood, Keith Bechtol, Juan Garcia-Bellido, M. E. C. Swanson, A. Carnero Rosell, A. A. Plazas, Shantanu Desai, Alex Drlica-Wagner, Alistair R. Walker, G. Gutierrez, H. T. Diehl, N. Kuropatkin, David Bacon, David Brooks, Robert A. Gruendl, Andrew B. Pace, L. N. da Costa, V. Scarpine, J. Annis, Rafe Schindler, Vasily Belokurov, T. J. L. de Boer, Felipe Menanteau, S. Kent, M. Carrasco Kind, Ben Hoyle, Gregory Tarle, J. De Vicente, Jennifer L. Marshall, Adriano Pieres, M. Smith, R. C. Smith, Flavia Sobreira, Daniel Gruen, E. Bertin, Daniel Thomas, E. Buckley-Geer, K. Honscheid, M. A. G. Maia, Basilio X. Santiago, J. Gschwend, D. W. Gerdes, Douglas L. Tucker, Kyler Kuehn, Ramon Miquel, P. Doel, S. Serrano, Juan Estrada, J. Carretero, Michael Schubnell, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, B. Flaugher, Tenglin Li, T. M. C. Abbott, E. J. Sanchez, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and DES

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, astro-ph.GA, RCUK, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, 01 natural sciences, Dwarf spheroidal galaxy, Star cluster, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), 0103 physical sciences, galaxies: star clusters: general, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, STFC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Since first noticed by Shapley in 1939, a faint object coincident with the Fornax dwarf spheroidal has long been discussed as a possible sixth globular cluster system. However, debate has continued over whether this overdensity is a statistical artifact or a blended galaxy group. In this Letter we demonstrate, using deep DECam imaging data, that this object is well resolved into stars and is a bona fide star cluster. The stellar overdensity of this cluster is statistically significant at the level of ~ 6 - 6.7 sigma in several different photometric catalogs including Gaia. Therefore, it is highly unlikely to be caused by random fluctuation. We show that Fornax 6 is a star cluster with a peculiarly low surface brightness and irregular shape, which may indicate a strong tidal influence from its host galaxy. The Hess diagram of Fornax 6 is largely consistent with that of Fornax field stars, but it appears to be slightly bluer. However, it is still likely more metal-rich than most of the globular clusters in the system. Faint clusters like Fornax 6 that orbit and potentially get disrupted in the centers of dwarf galaxies can prove crucial for constraining the dark matter distribution in Milky Way satellites., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, submitted to ApJL

Published
2019

13. Identification of RR Lyrae stars in multiband, sparsely-sampled data from the Dark Energy Survey using template fitting and Random Forest classification

Author

A. H. Riley, P. S. Ferguson, J. L. Myron, B. Yanny, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, G. Gutierrez, N. Kuropatkin, A. K. Vivas, E. S. Rykoff, P. Doel, L. N. da Costa, Juan Garcia-Bellido, Michael Schubnell, Jennifer L. Marshall, L. Plybon, Daniel Thomas, E. Buckley-Geer, J. F. Maner, M. E. C. Swanson, James P. Long, Peter Melchior, Alex Drlica-Wagner, Alistair R. Walker, Marcelle Soares-Santos, R. C. Smith, Joshua A. Frieman, E. Morganson, S. A. Cantu, D. L. Hollowood, J. Annis, S. Serrano, K. Bechtol, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, Flavia Sobreira, David J. James, Ben Hoyle, Eric H. Neilsen, A. Carnero Rosell, A. A. Plazas, Basilio X. Santiago, C. E. Martínez-Vázquez, J. De Vicente, Louis E. Strigari, Vinu Vikram, C. B. D'Andrea, Douglas L. Tucker, Kyler Kuehn, W. G. Hartley, Douglas Burke, E. Suchyta, V. Scarpine, K. M. Stringer, Ramon Miquel, Z. Lin, Lucas M. Macri, Dylan Hatt, David J. Brooks, G. Tarle, T. F. Eifler, Daniel Gruen, T. M. C. Abbott, Arya Farahi, Enrique Gaztanaga, F. Paz-Chinchón, S. Allam, Christopher Nielsen, Andrew B. Pace, J. Gschwend, E. J. Sanchez, Ethan O. Nadler, M. Carrasco Kind, Tenglin Li, E. Bertin, Carlos E. Cunha, B. Flaugher, M. N. K. Smith, S. Desai, J. Carretero, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and DES

Subjects
stars: variables: RR Lyrae, Milky Way, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, RR Lyrae variable, 01 natural sciences, Galactic halo, 0103 physical sciences, structure [galaxy], Satellite galaxy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Galaxy: structure, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Physics, methods: statistical, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, variable stars: RR Lyrae [stars], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Light curve, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy: halo, Stars, halo [galaxy], Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Halo, Variable star, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], catalogs
Abstract

Many studies have shown that RR Lyrae variable stars (RRL) are powerful stellar tracers of Galactic halo structure and satellite galaxies. The Dark Energy Survey (DES), with its deep and wide coverage (g ~ 23.5 mag) in a single exposure; over 5000 deg$^{2}$) provides a rich opportunity to search for substructures out to the edge of the Milky Way halo. However, the sparse and unevenly sampled multiband light curves from the DES wide-field survey (median 4 observations in each of grizY over the first three years) pose a challenge for traditional techniques used to detect RRL. We present an empirically motivated and computationally efficient template fitting method to identify these variable stars using three years of DES data. When tested on DES light curves of previously classified objects in SDSS stripe 82, our algorithm recovers 89% of RRL periods to within 1% of their true value with 85% purity and 76% completeness. Using this method, we identify 5783 RRL candidates, ~31% of which are previously undiscovered. This method will be useful for identifying RRL in other sparse multiband data sets., 34 pages, 21 figures. Accepted for publication in AJ. Data products are available at https://des.ncsa.illinois.edu/releases/other/y3-rrl

Published
2019

14. Cosmological lensing ratios with DES Y1, SPT and Planck

Author

M. A. G. Maia, Shantanu Desai, C. L. Chang, J. D. Hrubes, J. De Vicente, Erik Shirokoff, Antony A. Stark, A. Alarcon, H. T. Diehl, Erin Sheldon, David Brooks, David Bacon, M. E. C. Swanson, Andrina Nicola, Alistair R. Walker, Markus Rau, Marcelle Soares-Santos, T. Natoli, N. W. Halverson, Niall MacCrann, Y. Omori, J. E. Ruhl, Flavia Sobreira, David J. James, H-M. Cho, Pablo Fosalba, K. Vanderlinde, Marcos Lima, Kyler Kuehn, Ben Hoyle, Joseph J. Mohr, M. A. Dobbs, E. Suchyta, E. M. Leitch, O. Friedrich, M. Smith, Adrian T. Lee, Lloyd Knox, Daniel Gruen, Vinu Vikram, August E. Evrard, Jennifer L. Marshall, Filipe B. Abdalla, M. Gatti, Richard G. Kron, J. Prat, J. P. Dietrich, Juan Garcia-Bellido, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, S. S. Meyer, Peter Melchior, R. Cawthon, K. T. Story, N. L. Harrington, Robert A. Gruendl, G. Gutierrez, C. Pryke, B. Flaugher, L. M. Mocanu, G. Simard, D. W. Gerdes, Tesla E. Jeltema, G. P. Holder, Daniel Thomas, Bhuvnesh Jain, Michael Troxel, Christian L. Reichardt, J. Carretero, Matt J. Jarvis, T. de Haan, Z. Hou, P. Vielzeuf, Bradford Benson, Tim Eifler, V. Scarpine, T. M. Crawford, J. Annis, C. J. Miller, Daniel P. Marrone, E. Bertin, R. Williamson, C. Davis, N. Kuropatkin, J. T. Sayre, M. Carrasco Kind, L. N. da Costa, R. Chown, A. Pujol, Ofer Lahav, K. Aylor, K. K. Schaffer, J. Gschwend, Gary Bernstein, A. K. Romer, D. Luong-Van, W. B. Everett, Enrique Gaztanaga, Elisabeth Krause, Ramon Miquel, P. Doel, S. Serrano, Jochen Weller, W. L. Holzapfel, C. Sánchez, T. M. C. Abbott, E. J. Sanchez, Scott Dodelson, Santiago Avila, Chihway Chang, Carlos E. Cunha, A. T. Crites, Joe Zuntz, B. Mawdsley, Lindsey Bleem, A. Manzotti, Z. K. Staniszewski, W. G. Hartley, S. Samuroff, T. Shin, Stephen Padin, A. Roodman, Tommaso Giannantonio, Felipe Menanteau, A. A. Plazas, Oliver Zahn, Gregory Tarle, Joaquin Vieira, Eli S. Rykoff, D. L. Burke, John E. Carlstrom, Eric J. Baxter, Jeff McMahon, K. Honscheid, Elizabeth George, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, and SPT

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, gravitational lensing: weak, 0103 physical sciences, LENTES GRAVITACIONAIS, Planck, cosmological parameters, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, Photometric redshift, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Matter power spectrum, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxy, South Pole Telescope, Gravitational lens, Space and Planetary Science, cosmology: observations, Dark energy, symbols, astro-ph.CO, large-scale structure of Universe, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Correlations between tracers of the matter density field and gravitational lensing are sensitive to the evolution of the matter power spectrum and the expansion rate across cosmic time. Appropriately defined ratios of such correlation functions, on the other hand, depend only on the angular diameter distances to the tracer objects and to the gravitational lensing source planes. Because of their simple cosmological dependence, such ratios can exploit available signal-to-noise down to small angular scales, even where directly modeling the correlation functions is difficult. We present a measurement of lensing ratios using galaxy position and lensing data from the Dark Energy Survey, and CMB lensing data from the South Pole Telescope and Planck, obtaining the highest precision lensing ratio measurements to date. Relative to the concordance $\Lambda$CDM model, we find a best fit lensing ratio amplitude of $A = 1.1 \pm 0.1$. We use the ratio measurements to generate cosmological constraints, focusing on the curvature parameter. We demonstrate that photometrically selected galaxies can be used to measure lensing ratios, and argue that future lensing ratio measurements with data from a combination of LSST and Stage-4 CMB experiments can be used to place interesting cosmological constraints, even after considering the systematic uncertainties associated with photometric redshift and galaxy shear estimation., Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures

Published
2019

15. A new RASS galaxy cluster catalogue with low contamination extending to $z\sim1$ in the DES overlap region

Author

M. A. G. Maia, Kyler Kuehn, J. Annis, Paul Giles, Ben Hoyle, G. Tarle, August E. Evrard, Marcos Lima, E. Suchyta, F. J. Castander, Jennifer L. Marshall, Matthias Klein, J. Carretero, W. G. Hartley, T. M. C. Abbott, Devon L. Hollowood, J. Gschwend, David J. Brooks, C. B. D'Andrea, V. Scarpine, Daniel Thomas, E. Buckley-Geer, E. J. Sanchez, Enrique Gaztanaga, G. Gutierrez, Robert A. Gruendl, Tesla E. Jeltema, A. A. Plazas, E. Bertin, Marcelle Soares-Santos, A. Roodman, Flavia Sobreira, Rafe Schindler, S. Serrano, R. C. Smith, Peter Doel, Vinu Vikram, Joshua A. Frieman, H. T. Diehl, M. Paulus, M. March, Santiago Avila, Carlos E. Cunha, A. K. Romer, M. E. C. Swanson, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, N. Kuropatkin, L. N. da Costa, J. De Vicente, M. Carrasco Kind, Shantanu Desai, Ramon Miquel, David J. James, Pablo Fosalba, Felipe Menanteau, Sebastian Grandis, A. Carnero Rosell, Joseph J. Mohr, K. Honscheid, R. L. C. Ogando, B. Flaugher, M. Smith, Daniel Gruen, J. P. Dietrich, Juan Garcia-Bellido, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and DES

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Active galactic nucleus, galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, ROSAT, Cluster (physics), education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Galaxy cluster, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, QC, Physics, education.field_of_study, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Halo mass function, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Redshift, Space and Planetary Science, galaxies: clusters: general, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), galaxies: distances and redshifts, CLUSTERS, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the MARD-Y3 catalog of between 1086 and 2171 galaxy clusters (52\% and 65\% new) produced using multi-component matched filter (MCMF) followup in 5000\,deg$^2$ of DES-Y3 optical data of the $\sim$20000 overlapping 2RXS X-ray sources. Optical counterparts are identified as peaks in galaxy richness as a function of redshift along the line of sight toward each 2RXS source within a search region informed by an X-ray prior. All peaks are assigned a probability \fcont\ of being a random superposition. The clusters lie at $0.020.5$. Residual contamination is 2.6\% and 9.6\% for the cuts adopted here. For each cluster we present the optical center, redshift, rest frame X-ray luminosity, $M_{500}$ mass, coincidence with NWAY infrared sources and estimators of dynamical state. About 2\% of MARD-Y3 clusters have multiple possible counterparts, the photo-z's are high quality with $\sigma_{\Delta z/(1+z)}=0.0046$, and $\sim$1\% of clusters exhibit evidence of X-ray luminosity boosting from emission by cluster AGN. Comparison with other catalogs (MCXC, RM, SPT-SZ, Planck) is performed to test consistency of richness, luminosity and mass estimates. We measure the MARD-Y3 X-ray luminosity function and compare it to the expectation from a fiducial cosmology and externally calibrated luminosity- and richness-mass relations. Agreement is good, providing evidence that MARD-Y3 has low contamination and can be understood as a simple two step selection-- X-ray and then optical-- of an underlying cluster population described by the halo mass function., Comment: Version accepted for publication

Published
2019

16. Dark Energy Survey Year 1 results: Detection of Intra-cluster Light at Redshift $\sim$ 0.25

Author

Chris A. Collins, Peter Doel, Marcos Lima, B. Flaugher, H. T. Diehl, Antonella Palmese, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, N. Kuropatkin, L. N. da Costa, Michael Schubnell, M. A. G. Maia, V. Scarpine, David J. James, Felipe Menanteau, Joshua A. Frieman, Pablo Fosalba, J. P. Dietrich, Juan Garcia-Bellido, D. L. Hollowood, W. G. Hartley, J. Gschwend, S. Serrano, Flavia Sobreira, M. E. C. Swanson, Yanxi Zhang, Kyler Kuehn, C. J. Miller, Tim Eifler, Peter Melchior, K. Honscheid, W. C. Wester, Joseph J. Mohr, Brian Yanny, M. March, Shantanu Desai, M. Smith, Enrique Gaztanaga, J. Carretero, E. Bertin, Eli S. Rykoff, C. B. D'Andrea, Daniel Gruen, G. Gutierrez, A. A. Plazas, Marcelle Soares-Santos, G. Tarle, A. Carnero Rosell, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, E. Suchyta, August E. Evrard, D. W. Gerdes, T. M. C. Abbott, Ben Hoyle, M. Carrasco Kind, J. De Vicente, Chun-Hao To, E. J. Sanchez, Daniel Thomas, Matt Hilton, Tenglin Li, Santiago Avila, Carlos E. Cunha, Y. Leung, David J. Brooks, Ramon Miquel, D. L. Burke, A. K. Romer, Alex Drlica-Wagner, Robert A. Gruendl, J. Annis, Tesla E. Jeltema, Jennifer L. Marshall, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and DES

Subjects
Brightness, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, astro-ph.GA, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Luminosity, 0103 physical sciences, Cluster (physics), Surface brightness, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Galaxy cluster, STFC, QC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, RCUK, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Redshift, Computer Science::Computers and Society, Space and Planetary Science, galaxies: clusters: general, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), astro-ph.CO, Cluster sampling, galaxies: evolution, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Using data collected by the Dark Energy Survey (DES), we report the detection of intracluster light (ICL) with $\sim300$ galaxy clusters in the redshift range of 0.2-0.3. We design methods to mask detected galaxies and stars in the images and stack the cluster light profiles, while accounting for several systematic effects (sky subtraction, instrumental point-spread function, cluster selection effects and residual light in the ICL raw detection from background and cluster galaxies). The methods allow us to acquire high signal-to-noise measurements of the ICL and central galaxies (CGs), which we separate with radial cuts. The ICL appears as faint and diffuse light extending to at least 1 Mpc from the cluster center, reaching a surface brightness level of 30 mag arcsec$^{-2}$. The ICL and the cluster CG contribute to $44\%\pm17$\% of the total cluster stellar luminosity within 1 Mpc. The ICL color is overall consistent with that of the cluster red sequence galaxies, but displays the trend of becoming bluer with increasing radius. The ICL demonstrates an interesting self-similarity feature -- for clusters in different richness ranges, their ICL radial profiles are similar after scaling with cluster $R_\mathrm{200m}$, and the ICL brightness appears to be a good tracer of the cluster radial mass distribution. These analyses are based on the DES redMaPPer cluster sample identified in the first year of observations., Revised to match the published version. Paper data available from https://des.ncsa.illinois.edu/releases/other/paper-data

Published
2019

17. Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: The Relationship between Mass and Light Around Cosmic Voids

Author

Erin Sheldon, David Brooks, B. Flaugher, S. Serrano, Bhuvnesh Jain, S. Everett, J. DeRose, A. Kovács, Ofer Lahav, Eli S. Rykoff, Vinu Vikram, E. Bertin, S. Pandey, Flavia Sobreira, Nico Hamaus, S. Samuroff, J. P. Dietrich, Juan Garcia-Bellido, R. Cawthon, M. E. C. Swanson, David J. James, Santiago Avila, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, Chihway Chang, Felipe Menanteau, J. De Vicente, Peter Doel, Michael Troxel, Pablo Fosalba, N. Kuropatkin, Gregory Tarle, E. Suchyta, August E. Evrard, H. T. Diehl, A. A. Plazas, Daniel Thomas, L. N. da Costa, J. Annis, Niall MacCrann, A. Choi, Joe Zuntz, Martin Crocce, A. Carnero Rosell, W. G. Hartley, Devon L. Hollowood, Alistair R. Walker, Joshua A. Frieman, M. Gatti, C. Sánchez, Jennifer L. Marshall, Marcelle Soares-Santos, Markus Rau, Shantanu Desai, Y. Fang, A. Roodman, Enrique Gaztanaga, Jochen Weller, G. Pollina, J. Prat, F. J. Castander, Ramon Miquel, G. Gutierrez, Mathew Smith, E. J. Sanchez, M. Carrasco Kind, Daniel Gruen, M. A. G. Maia, D. W. Gerdes, Ben Hoyle, D. L. Burke, Matt J. Jarvis, Antonella Palmese, P. Vielzeuf, Robert A. Gruendl, Peter Melchior, J. Carretero, A. K. Romer, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and DES

Subjects
Void (astronomy), Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Large-scale structure of Universe, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, gravitational lensing: weak, 0103 physical sciences, observations [Cosmology], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, STFC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Photometric redshift, Physics, COSMIC cancer database, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, RCUK, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radius, Galaxy, Redshift, Linear relationship, Space and Planetary Science, cosmology: observations, astro-ph.CO, Dark energy, large-scale structure of Universe, weak [Gravitational lensing], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

What are the mass and galaxy profiles of cosmic voids? In this paper we use two methods to extract voids in the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 1 redMaGiC galaxy sample to address this question. We use either 2D slices in projection, or the 3D distribution of galaxies based on photometric redshifts to identify voids. For the mass profile, we measure the tangential shear profiles of background galaxies to infer the excess surface mass density. The signal-to-noise ratio for our lensing measurement ranges between 10.7 and 14.0 for the two void samples. We infer their 3D density profiles by fitting models based on N-body simulations and find good agreement for void radii in the range 15-85 Mpc. Comparison with their galaxy profiles then allows us to test the relation between mass and light at the 10%-level, the most stringent test to date. We find very similar shapes for the two profiles, consistent with a linear relationship between mass and light both within and outside the void radius. We validate our analysis with the help of simulated mock catalogues and estimate the impact of photometric redshift uncertainties on the measurement. Our methodology can be used for cosmological applications, including tests of gravity with voids. This is especially promising when the lensing profiles are combined with spectroscopic measurements of void dynamics via redshift-space distortions., 16 pages, 14 figures, 1 table. Reflects MNRAS published version

Published
2019

18. The morphology and structure of stellar populations in the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy from Dark Energy Survey Data

Author

Brian Yanny, Shantanu Desai, G. Tarle, K. Honscheid, D. L. Burke, M. A. G. Maia, Robert Connon Smith, J. De Vicente, Flavia Sobreira, A. Roodman, E. Suchyta, B. Flaugher, David J. James, Kyler Kuehn, Joshua A. Frieman, Sergey E. Koposov, M. Carrasco Kind, Jennifer L. Marshall, Basilio X. Santiago, A. R. Walker, A. K. Vivas, T. J. L. de Boer, V. Scarpine, T. M. C. Abbott, Filipe B. Abdalla, Sahar S. Allam, David Brooks, M. E. C. Swanson, Keith Bechtol, James Annis, A. Carnero Rosell, Alex Drlica-Wagner, Douglas L. Tucker, M. Smith, Tim Eifler, N. P. Kuropatkin, Ramon Miquel, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, Adriano Pieres, Ofer Lahav, D. L. DePoy, Tenglin Li, Santiago Avila, Carlos Cunha, D. W. Gerdes, D. Gruen, Emmanuel Bertin, Juan Garcia-Bellido, Andrew B. Pace, Robert A. Gruendl, C. B. D'Andrea, E. J. Sanchez, J. Estrada, L. N. da Costa, Mei-Yu Wang, G. Gutierrez, Louis E. Strigari, Devon L. Hollowood, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and DES

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stellar population, dwarf [galaxies], astro-ph.GA, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Photometry (optics), 0103 physical sciences, Surface brightness, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, STFC, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Local Group, RCUK, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Dwarf spheroidal galaxy, Stars, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Dark energy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], individual (Fornax) [galaxies]
Abstract

Using deep wide-field photometry three-year data (Y3) from the Dark Energy Survey (DES), we present a panoramic study of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy. The data presented here -- a small subset of the full survey -- uniformly covers a region of 25 square degrees centered on the galaxy to a depth of g ~ 23.5. We use this data to study the structural properties of Fornax, overall stellar population, and its member stars in different evolutionary phases. We also search for possible signs of tidal disturbance. Fornax is found to be significantly more spatially extended than what early studies suggested. No statistically significant distortions or signs of tidal disturbances were found down to a surface brightness limit of ~32.1 mag/arcsec^2. However, there are hints of shell-like features located ~30' - 40' from the center of Fornax that may be stellar debris from past merger events. We also find that intermediate age and young main-sequence populations show different orientation at the galaxy center and have many substructures. The deep DES Y3 data allows us to characterize the age of those substructures with great accuracy, both those previously known and those newly discovered in this work, on the basis of their color-magnitude diagram morphology. We find that the youngest overdensities are all found on the Eastern side of Fornax, where the Fornax field population itself is slightly younger than in the West. The high quality DES Y3 data reveals that Fornax has many rich structures, and provides insights into its complex formation history., 15 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables, submitted to ApJ

Published
2019

19. The Dark Energy Survey Data Release 1

Author

M. W. G. Johnson, M. Baumer, Tesla E. Jeltema, Eric H. Neilsen, Peter Nugent, Martin Crocce, S. Hamilton, M. Smith, Antonella Palmese, Nora Shipp, Eli S. Rykoff, F. Nogueira, L. Baruah, Daniel Gruen, Daniel Scolnic, Brian Nord, M. A. G. Maia, Brian Yanny, Matthias Klein, J. Song, R. R. Gupta, Yanxi Zhang, Arya Farahi, J. Carretero, M. March, Basilio X. Santiago, Tamara M. Davis, Shantanu Desai, Gary S. Da Costa, Jochen Weller, T. F. Eifler, Daniel A. Goldstein, J. M. Hislop, Joseph J. Mohr, R. C. Thomas, Erin Sheldon, David Brooks, M. E. C. Swanson, A. Porredon, A. Carnero Rosell, A. Saro, D. W. Gerdes, Xi Chen, Attila Kovács, Eric Morganson, R. C. Wolf, J. P. Dietrich, A. Kremin, T. M. C. Abbott, Richard G. McMahon, Jeremy Mould, J. D. Maloney, Jacobo Asorey, A. Benoit-Lévy, Hiranya V. Peiris, Ofer Lahav, Vinu Vikram, J. Lasker, E. J. Sanchez, B. Flaugher, S. Juneau, Risa H. Wechsler, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, Alistair R. Walker, A. A. Plazas, Ryan J. Foley, M. Carrasco Kind, W. C. Wester, Jennifer L. Marshall, D. L. Burke, Adam Amara, A. Scott, M.L. Sánchez, Jonathan Blazek, C. B. D'Andrea, Marcelle Soares-Santos, R. C. Smith, S. E. Kuhlmann, Ashley J. Ross, Robert C. Nichol, Ben Hoyle, G. Daues, M. Gower, C. J. Miller, M. D. Johnson, Wayne A. Barkhouse, Samuel Hinton, Felipe Menanteau, Kevin Reil, L. Nunes, F. Paz-Chinchón, David J. James, Tenglin Li, Scott Dodelson, Santiago Avila, Ann Elliott, Chihway Chang, T. Kacprzak, G. Tarle, Knut Olsen, R. Das, Ramon Miquel, Lyndsay Old, Juan Garcia-Bellido, E. Bertin, A. Roodman, Tommaso Giannantonio, Carlos E. Cunha, J. Poh, Pablo Fosalba, Enrique Gaztanaga, G. Gutierrez, J. DeRose, J. J. Thaler, Enrique Fernández, Will J. Percival, S. Allam, Paul M. Ricker, A. Pujol, Robert A. Gruendl, V. Scarpine, Andrew B. Pace, R. P. Rollins, K. Honscheid, Timothy A. McKay, Darren L. DePoy, G. Khullar, R. T. Li, Joe Zuntz, Alex Drlica-Wagner, R. Nikutta, Francisco J. Castander, C. Pond, Douglas L. Tucker, Don Petravick, W. G. Hartley, A. K. Vivas, R. Cawthon, Riccardo Campisano, D. A. Finley, D. Brout, Karl Glazebrook, Dragan Huterer, Peter Melchior, Elisabeth Krause, Mark Sullivan, Kyler Kuehn, V. C. Busti, P. Rooney, C. J. Conselice, Huan Lin, Marc Manera, J. Annis, Sebastian Bocquet, A. M. G. Koziol, M. L. Silveira, M. Fitzpatrick, Andrew R. Liddle, Alfredo Zenteno, O. Ballester, Steve Kent, Daniel Thomas, E. Buckley-Geer, Michael Troxel, A. K. Romer, Paul Martini, A. Fausti Neto, Keith Bechtol, C. Davis, J. Gschwend, Gary Bernstein, Hao-Yi Wu, Peter Doel, H. T. Diehl, J. De Vicente, J. P. Marriner, M. S. S. Gill, E. Suchyta, Niall MacCrann, August E. Evrard, Alexandre Refregier, Douglas N. Friedel, Albert Stebbins, M. Banerji, Joshua A. Frieman, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, J. A. Smith, T. McClintock, N. Kuropatkin, L. N. da Costa, Laia Cardiel-Sas, M. Sako, D. L. Hollowood, S. Serrano, David L. Nidever, Marcos Lima, Richard G. Kron, P. Lopez-Reyes, Filipe B. Abdalla, Bhuvnesh Jain, Matthew R. Becker, Flavia Sobreira, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), DES, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOAO Data Lab, Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Amara, A., Annis, J., Asorey, J., Avila, S., Ballester, O., Banerji, M., Barkhouse, W., Baruah, L., Baumer, M., Bechtol, K., Becker, M. R., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bernstein, G. M., Bertin, E., Blazek, J., Bocquet, S., Brooks, D., Brout, Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Busti, V., Campisano, R., Cardiel-Sas, L., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cawthon, R., Chang, C., Chen, X., Conselice, C., Costa, G., Crocce, M., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Das, R., Daues, G., Davis, T. M., Davis, C., De Vicente, J., Depoy, D. L., Derose, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Dodelson, S., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eifler, T. F., Elliott, A. E., Evrard, A. E., Farahi, A., Fausti Neto, A., Fernandez, E., Finley, D. A., Flaugher, B., Foley, R. J., Fosalba, P., Friedel, D. N., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Giannantonio, T., Gill, M. S. S., Glazebrook, K., Goldstein, D. A., Gower, M., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gupta, R. R., Gutierrez, G., Hamilton, S., Hartley, W. G., Hinton, S. R., Hislop, J. M., Hollowood, D., Honscheid, K., Hoyle, B., Huterer, D., Jain, B., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Johnson, M. W. G., Johnson, M. D., Kacprzak, T., Kent, S., Khullar, G., Klein, M., Kovacs, A., Koziol, A. M. G., Krause, E., Kremin, A., Kron, R., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lasker, J., Li, T. S., Li, R. T., Liddle, A. R., Lima, M., Lin, H., López-Reyes, P., Maccrann, N., Maia, M. A. G., Maloney, J. D., Manera, M., March, M., Marriner, J., Marshall, J. L., Martini, P., Mcclintock, T., Mckay, T., Mcmahon, R. G., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Morganson, E., Mould, J., Neilsen, E., Nichol, R. C., Nogueira, F., Nord, B., Nugent, P., Nunes, L., Ogando, R. L. C., Old, L., Pace, A. B., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchón, F., Peiris, H. V., Percival, W. J., Petravick, D., Plazas, A. A., Poh, J., Pond, C., Porredon, A., Pujol, A., Refregier, A., Reil, K., Ricker, P. M., Rollins, R. P., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Rooney, P., Ross, A. J., Rykoff, E. S., Sako, M., Sanchez, M. L., Sanchez, E., Santiago, B., Saro, A., Scarpine, V., Scolnic, D., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sheldon, E., Shipp, N., Silveira, M. L., Smith, M., Smith, R. C., Smith, J. A., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Song, J., Stebbins, A., Suchyta, E., Sullivan, M., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thaler, J., Thomas, D., Thomas, R. C., Troxel, M. A., Tucker, D. L., Vikram, V., Vivas, A. K., Walker, A. R., Wechsler, R. H., Weller, J., Wester, W., Wolf, R. C., Wu, H., Yanny, B., Zenteno, A., Zhang, Y., Zuntz, J., Des, Collaboration, Juneau, S., Fitzpatrick, M., Nikutta, R., Nidever, D., Olsen, K., Scott, A., and NOAO Data, Lab

Subjects
Astronomical Objects, catalog, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], techniques: image processing, Astrophysics, astronomical databases: miscellaneous, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, photometric [techniques], techniques: photometric, law, Observatory, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysic, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Physics, image processing [techniques], observations [cosmology], sky survey, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, astro-ph.CO, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, sextractor, Data release, observation [cosmology], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, astro-ph.SR, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Aperture, astro-ph.GA, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, miscellaneou [astronomical databases], Telescope, surveys, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxie, 0103 physical sciences, survey, Astronomical And Space Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Physical Chemistry (Incl. Structural), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Organic Chemistry, representations, Astronomy and Astrophysics, miscellaneous [astronomical databases], angular masks, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Data set, catalogs, cosmology: observations, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Dark energy, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], astro-ph.IM
Abstract

We describe the first public data release of the Dark Energy Survey, DES DR1, consisting of reduced single epoch images, coadded images, coadded source catalogs, and associated products and services assembled over the first three years of DES science operations. DES DR1 is based on optical/near-infrared imaging from 345 distinct nights (August 2013 to February 2016) by the Dark Energy Camera mounted on the 4-m Blanco telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile. We release data from the DES wide-area survey covering ~5,000 sq. deg. of the southern Galactic cap in five broad photometric bands, grizY. DES DR1 has a median delivered point-spread function of g = 1.12, r = 0.96, i = 0.88, z = 0.84, and Y = 0.90 arcsec FWHM, a photometric precision of < 1% in all bands, and an astrometric precision of 151 mas. The median coadded catalog depth for a 1.95" diameter aperture at S/N = 10 is g = 24.33, r = 24.08, i = 23.44, z = 22.69, and Y = 21.44 mag. DES DR1 includes nearly 400M distinct astronomical objects detected in ~10,000 coadd tiles of size 0.534 sq. deg. produced from ~39,000 individual exposures. Benchmark galaxy and stellar samples contain ~310M and ~ 80M objects, respectively, following a basic object quality selection. These data are accessible through a range of interfaces, including query web clients, image cutout servers, jupyter notebooks, and an interactive coadd image visualization tool. DES DR1 constitutes the largest photometric data set to date at the achieved depth and photometric precision., 30 pages, 20 Figures. Release page found at this url https://des.ncsa.illinois.edu/releases/dr1

Published
2018

20. Dynamical Analysis of Three Distant Trans-Neptunian Objects with Similar Orbits

Author

H. T. Diehl, J. Annis, Vinu Vikram, Ramon Miquel, L. Zullo, Robert A. Gruendl, K. Honscheid, T. F. Eifler, Kevin Napier, E. Bertin, Juan Garcia-Bellido, T. M. C. Abbott, Pedro H. Bernardinelli, Tali Khain, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, V. Scarpine, W. G. Hartley, N. Kuropatkin, Kyler Kuehn, Michael Schubnell, E. J. Sanchez, L. N. da Costa, J. Carretero, E. Suchyta, Marcelle Soares-Santos, R. H. Schindler, Elisabeth Krause, David J. James, B. Flaugher, P. Doel, Filipe B. Abdalla, Felipe Menanteau, Juliette C. Becker, M. E. C. Swanson, O. Lahav, M. N. K. Smith, M. Sako, Kyle Franson, Fred C. Adams, Carlos E. Cunha, W. C. Wester, Larissa Markwardt, D. L. Hollowood, S. Desai, S. Hamilton, Joshua A. Frieman, G. Gutierrez, G. Tarle, A. A. Plazas, A. K. Romer, C. L. Davis, Salcedo Romero de Ávila, A. Carnero Rosell, M. Carrasco Kind, Yanxi Zhang, Brian Nord, Daniel Gruen, D. W. Gerdes, Flavia Sobreira, M. A. G. Maia, A. R. Walker, J. De Vicente, Hsing Wen Lin, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, D. Brooks, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and DES

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, Solar System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Phase plane, Orbital mechanics, 01 natural sciences, Omega, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, Neptune, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Trans-Neptunian object, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Order of magnitude, QC, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

This paper reports the discovery and orbital characterization of two extreme trans-Neptunian objects (ETNOs), 2016 QV$_{89}$ and 2016 QU$_{89}$, which have orbits that appear similar to that of a previously known object, 2013 UH$_{15}$. All three ETNOs have semi-major axes $a\approx 172$ AU and eccentricities $e\approx0.77$. The angular elements $(i,\omega,\Omega)$ vary by 6, 15, and 49 deg, respectively between the three objects. The two new objects add to the small number of TNOs currently known to have semi-major axes between 150 and 250 AU, and serve as an interesting dynamical laboratory to study the outer realm of our Solar System. Using a large ensemble of numerical integrations, we find that the orbits are expected to reside in close proximity in the $(a,e)$ phase plane for roughly 100 Myr before diffusing to more separated values. We then explore other scenarios that could influence their orbits. With aphelion distances over 300 AU, the orbits of these ETNOs extend far beyond the classical Kuiper Belt, and an order of magnitude beyond Neptune. As a result, their orbital dynamics can be affected by the proposed new Solar System member, referred to as Planet Nine in this work. With perihelion distances of 35-40 AU, these orbits are also influenced by resonant interactions with Neptune. A full assessment of any possible, new Solar System planets must thus take into account this emerging class of TNOs., Comment: accepted to AJ

Published
2018

21. Chemical Abundance Analysis of Three α-poor, Metal-poor Stars in the Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxy Horologium I

Author

R. H. Schindler, E. Balbinot, David J. James, A. Roodman, B. Yanny, E. Suchyta, Darren L. DePoy, T. Jeltema, D. Q. Nagasawa, A. Benoit-Lévy, Alistair R. Walker, W. G. Hartley, M. Carrasco Kind, Marcelle Soares-Santos, R. C. Wolf, Keith Bechtol, G. Gutierrez, Josh Frieman, Risa H. Wechsler, Terese T. Hansen, Jennifer L. Marshall, Elisabeth Krause, J. D. Simon, Enrique Gaztanaga, P. Fosalba, Tianjun Li, Juan Garcia-Bellido, Andrew B. Pace, C. M. Pellegrino, C. B. D'Andrea, S. E. Kuhlmann, Rebecca A. Bernstein, E. Bertin, A. Carnero Rosell, T. F. Eifler, K. Kuehn, F. B. Abdalla, Daniel Thomas, C. J. Davis, David J. Brooks, N. B. Suntzeff, B. Flaugher, Alex Drlica-Wagner, J. Carretero, M. N. K. Smith, T. M. C. Abbott, G. Tarle, J. Gschwend, S. Allam, Robert A. Gruendl, Michael Schubnell, E. J. Sanchez, J. Annis, K. Honscheid, Carlos E. Cunha, Ramon Miquel, B. Nord, S. Desai, R. C. Smith, Flavia Sobreira, Daniel Gruen, M. March, Basilio X. Santiago, D. W. Gerdes, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, N. Kuropatkin, Douglas L. Tucker, L. N. da Costa, V. Scarpine, P. Doel, Louis E. Strigari, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
astro-ph.SR, stars: abundances, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, dwarf [galaxies], astro-ph.GA, Milky Way, Metallicity, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Galactic halo, chemically peculiar [stars], 0103 physical sciences, abundances [galaxies], Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Large Magellanic Cloud, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, STFC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Dwarf galaxy, Physics, Star formation, RCUK, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, galaxies: dwarf, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, stars: chemically peculiar, abundances [stars], Supernova, Stars, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, AST-1560223, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, galaxies: abundances, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

Reproduced with permission of AAS, We present chemical abundance measurements of three stars in the ultrafaint dwarf galaxy Horologium I, a Milky Way satellite discovered by the Dark Energy Survey. Using high-resolution spectroscopic observations, we measure the metallicity of the three stars, as well as abundance ratios of several α-elements, iron-peak elements, and neutron-capture elements. The abundance pattern is relatively consistent among all three stars, which have a low average metallicity of [Fe/H] ∼ -2.6 and are not α-enhanced ([α/Fe] ∼ 0.0). This result is unexpected when compared to other low-metallicity stars in the Galactic halo and other ultrafaint dwarfs and suggests the possibility of a different mechanism for the enrichment of Hor I compared to other satellites. We discuss possible scenarios that could lead to this observed nucleosynthetic signature, including extended star formation, enrichment by a Population III supernova, and or an association with the Large Magellanic Cloud, Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant nos. AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2015-71825, ESP2015-88861, FPA2015-68048, SEV- 2012-0234, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007- 2013), including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), through project no. CE110001020

Published
2018

22. DES meets Gaia: discovery of strongly lensed quasars from a multiplet search

Author

David J. James, B. Flaugher, V. Scarpine, Adriano Agnello, N. D. Morgan, Karl Glazebrook, A. Carnero Rosell, T. M. C. Abbott, Veronica Motta, Matthew W. Auger, Nikolay Kuropatkin, R. H. Schindler, Michael Schubnell, Enrique Gaztanaga, E. Buckley-Geer, Shantanu Desai, E. J. Sanchez, Tommaso Treu, J. Gschwend, David Brooks, M. E. C. Swanson, Ofer Lahav, Paul L. Schechter, D. L. Burke, Marcos Lima, R. A. Bernstein, Flavia Sobreira, Timo Anguita, G. Gutierrez, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, Anupreeta More, E. Bertin, L. N. da Costa, A. A. Plazas, Philip J. Marshall, Brian Nord, K. Honscheid, Juan Garcia-Bellido, Alex Drlica-Wagner, Ramon Miquel, Christopher D. Fassnacht, C. B. D'Andrea, E. Suchyta, Marcelle Soares-Santos, Risa H. Wechsler, Douglas L. Tucker, Kyler Kuehn, Joshua A. Frieman, Robert A. Gruendl, M. March, J. Annis, Sherry H. Suyu, Filipe B. Abdalla, Felipe Menanteau, Gregory Tarle, Adam Amara, Carlos E. Cunha, Tim Eifler, Frederic Courbin, Takahiro Morishita, Huan Lin, K. Benoit-Lévy, K. Bechtol, K. Rojas, Georges Meylan, J. Carretero, Richard G. McMahon, M. Smith, Daniel Gruen, D. W. Gerdes, Marcio A. G. Maia, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and DES

Subjects
statistical [Methods], Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Stellar mass, FOS: Physical sciences, techniques: image processing, Astrophysics, Surveys, strong [Gravitational lensing], 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Einstein radius, surveys, law, 0103 physical sciences, image processing [Techniques], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Multiplet, Physics, methods: statistical, Simple lens, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, gravitational lensing: strong, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Radius, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Redshift, Lens (optics), Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We report the discovery, spectroscopic confirmation and first lens models of the first two, strongly lensed quasars from a combined search in WISE and Gaia over the DES footprint. The four-image lensWGD2038-4008 (r.a.=20:38:02.65, dec.=-40:08:14.64) has source- and lens-redshifts $z_{s}=0.777 \pm 0.001$ and $z_l = 0.230 \pm 0.002$ respectively. Its deflector has effective radius $R_{\rm eff} \approx 3.4^{\prime\prime}$, stellar mass $\log(M_{\star}/M_{\odot}) = 11.64^{+0.20}_{-0.43}$, and shows extended isophotal shape variation. Simple lens models yield Einstein radii $R_{\rm E}=(1.30\pm0.04)^{\prime\prime},$ axis ratio $q=0.75\pm0.1$ (compatible with that of the starlight) and considerable shear-ellipticity degeneracies. The two-image lensWGD2021-4115 (r.a.=20:21:39.45, dec.=--41:15:57.11) has $z_{s}=1.390\pm0.001$ and $z_l = 0.335 \pm 0.002$, and Einstein radius $R_{\rm E} = (1.1\pm0.1)^{\prime\prime},$ but higher-resolution imaging is needed to accurately separate the deflector and faint quasar image. We also show high-rank candidate doubles selected this way, some of which have been independently identified with different techniques, and discuss a DES+WISE quasar multiplet selection., Comment: MNRAS subm. 21/10/2017, awaiting reviewer selection. This paper has been approved by DES Collaboration-Wide Review

Published
2018

23. Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: The Impact of Galaxy Neighbours on Weak Lensing Cosmology with im3shape

Author

S Samuroff, S L Bridle, J Zuntz, M A Troxel, D Gruen, R P Rollins, G M Bernstein, T F Eifler, E M Huff, T Kacprzak, E Krause, N MacCrann, F B Abdalla, S Allam, J Annis, K Bechtol, A Benoit-Lévy, E Bertin, D Brooks, E Buckley-Geer, A Carnero Rosell, M Carrasco Kind, J Carretero, M Crocce, C B D'Andrea, L N da Costa, C Davis, S Desai, P Doel, A Fausti Neto, B Flaugher, P Fosalba, J Frieman, J García-Bellido, D W Gerdes, R A Gruendl, J Gschwend, G Gutierrez, K Honscheid, D J James, M Jarvis, T Jeltema, D Kirk, K Kuehn, S Kuhlmann, T S Li, M Lima, M A G Maia, M March, J L Marshall, P Martini, P Melchior, F Menanteau, R Miquel, B Nord, R L C Ogando, A A Plazas, A Roodman, E Sanchez, V Scarpine, R Schindler, M Schubnell, I Sevilla-Noarbe, E Sheldon, M Smith, M Soares-Santos, F Sobreira, E Suchyta, G Tarle, D Thomas, D L Tucker, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Point spread function, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Cosmological parameters, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, gravitational lensing: weak, statistics [Galaxies], 0103 physical sciences, cosmological parameters, observations [Cosmology], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Weak gravitational lensing, galaxies: statistics, Physics, Number density, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Multiplicative function, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxy, Amplitude, Space and Planetary Science, cosmology: observations, Dark energy, weak [Gravitational lensing], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We use a suite of simulated images based on Year 1 of the Dark Energy Survey to explore the impact of galaxy neighbours on shape measurement and shear cosmology. The hoopoe image simulations include realistic blending, galaxy positions, and spatial variations in depth and PSF properties. Using the im3shape maximum-likelihood shape measurement code, we identify four mechanisms by which neighbours can have a non-negligible influence on shear estimation. These effects, if ignored, would contribute a net multiplicative bias of $m \sim 0.03 - 0.09$ in the DES Y1 im3shape catalogue, though the precise impact will be dependent on both the measurement code and the selection cuts applied. This can be reduced to percentage level or less by removing objects with close neighbours, at a cost to the effective number density of galaxies $n_\mathrm{eff}$ of 30%. We use the cosmological inference pipeline of DES Y1 to explore the cosmological implications of neighbour bias and show that omitting blending from the calibration simulation for DES Y1 would bias the inferred clustering amplitude $S_8\equiv \sigma_8 (\Omega _\mathrm{m} /0.3)^{0.5}$ by $2 \sigma$ towards low values. Finally, we use the hoopoe simulations to test the effect of neighbour-induced spatial correlations in the multiplicative bias. We find the impact on the recovered $S_8$ of ignoring such correlations to be subdominant to statistical error at the current level of precision., Comment: 20 pages, submitted to MNRAS

Published
2018

24. Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Photometric Data Set for Cosmology

Author

F. J. Castander, Eric H. Neilsen, K. Eckert, R. D. Wilkinson, Michael Troxel, Ramon Miquel, Joseph J. Mohr, R. Kron, S. Everett, F. Paz-Chinchón, M. Rodriguez-Monroy, J. Carretero, Alex Drlica-Wagner, E. Bertin, J. Annis, Brian Yanny, Shantanu Desai, A. Palmese, V. Scarpine, G. Gutierrez, Daniel B. Thomas, M. Jarvis, Enrique Gaztanaga, Mathew Smith, I. Harrison, A. K. Romer, Peter Doel, R. Cawthon, Marcio A. G. Maia, C. Lidman, T. N. Varga, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, Boris Leistedt, Erin Sheldon, David Brooks, Michael Schubnell, Paul Martini, Peter Melchior, H. T. Diehl, N. Kuropatkin, Sunayana Bhargava, M. Costanzi, I. Ferrero, K. Honscheid, Huan Lin, L. N. da Costa, Jennifer L. Marshall, David J. James, D. Huterer, C. Pond, Yanxi Zhang, Pablo Fosalba, M. Carrasco Kind, S. Avila, Risa H. Wechsler, A. Amon, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, K. M. Stringer, Tenglin Li, S. L. Bridle, D. Brout, B. Flaugher, M. Crocce, Chihway Chang, G. Tarle, Ami Choi, Ben Hoyle, A. Alarcon, E. Morganson, A. A. Plazas, D. L. Hollowood, W. C. Wester, D. L. Burke, J. Allyn Smith, J. Gschwend, C. Conselice, Gary Bernstein, E. Suchyta, August E. Evrard, J. P. Dietrich, Felipe Menanteau, Keith Bechtol, Juan Garcia-Bellido, Jochen Weller, Douglas L. Tucker, Marcos Lima, Kyler Kuehn, W. G. Hartley, Maria E. S. Pereira, Eli S. Rykoff, S. Allam, Robert A. Gruendl, T. M. C. Abbott, Tesla E. Jeltema, T. M. Davis, Chun-Hao To, E. J. Sanchez, S. R. Hinton, E. M. Huff, A. Carnero Rosell, A. Pieres, M. D. Johnson, Ofer Lahav, M. Aguena, Daniel Gruen, Robert Morgan, A. Roodman, Tommaso Giannantonio, D. W. Gerdes, A. Benoit-Lévy, S. Serrano, Richard Kessler, Matthew R. Becker, J. De Vicente, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Banerji, Manda [0000-0002-0639-5141], Giannantonio, Tommaso [0000-0002-9865-0436], McMahon, Richard [0000-0001-8447-8869], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Photometric [techniques], Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], FOS: Physical sciences, techniques: image processing, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, Footprint, techniques: photometric, surveys, Observational cosmology, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Observations [cosmology], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, STFC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, QB, 0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, RCUK, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxy, Data set, Space and Planetary Science, cosmology: observations, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, astro-ph.CO, Dark energy, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Quality information, Data release, Image processing [techniques], catalogs, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

We describe the creation, content, and validation of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) internal year-one cosmology data set, Y1A1 GOLD, in support of upcoming cosmological analyses. The Y1A1 GOLD data set is assembled from multiple epochs of DES imaging and consists of calibrated photometric zero-points, object catalogs, and ancillary data products—e.g., maps of survey depth and observing conditions, star–galaxy classification, and photometric redshift estimates—that are necessary for accurate cosmological analyses. The Y1A1 GOLD wide-area object catalog consists of $\sim 137$ million objects detected in co-added images covering $\sim 1800\,{\deg }^{2}$ in the DES grizY filters. The 10σ limiting magnitude for galaxies is $g=23.4$, $r=23.2$, $i=22.5$, $z=21.8$, and $Y=20.1$. Photometric calibration of Y1A1 GOLD was performed by combining nightly zero-point solutions with stellar locus regression, and the absolute calibration accuracy is better than 2% over the survey area. DES Y1A1 GOLD is the largest photometric data set at the achieved depth to date, enabling precise measurements of cosmic acceleration at z lesssim 1., Multiple funders including STFC listed on paper.

Published
2018

25. BAO from Angular Clustering: Optimization and Mitigation of Theoretical Systematics

Author

Elisabeth Krause, Daniel Thomas, Juan Garcia-Bellido, Martin Crocce, G. Gutierrez, Alistair R. Walker, Marcelle Soares-Santos, Kyler Kuehn, W. G. Hartley, E. Suchyta, Santiago Avila, Ashley J. Ross, Carlos E. Cunha, D. L. Burke, G. Tarle, C. Davis, J. Carretero, David J. James, Jack Elvin-Poole, Juan Estrada, J. Gschwend, Kevin Reil, Pablo Fosalba, V. Scarpine, Marcos Lima, Ramon Miquel, S. Allam, Robert A. Gruendl, Kwan Chuen Chan, Joshua A. Frieman, Ofer Lahav, Will J. Percival, A. A. Plazas, B. Flaugher, E. Bertin, A. Roodman, C. J. Miller, M. Manera, M. E. C. Swanson, A. Carnero Rosell, David J. Brooks, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, M. Smith, Rogerio Rosenfeld, Daniel Gruen, Ben Hoyle, L. N. da Costa, F. J. Castander, C. B. D'Andrea, D. W. Gerdes, Felipe Menanteau, T. M. C. Abbott, E. J. Sanchez, K. Honscheid, J. De Vicente, Flavia Sobreira, M. March, Tim Eifler, Filipe B. Abdalla, M. Carrasco Kind, Enrique Gaztanaga, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, Instituto de Física Teórica (IFT), Sun Yat Sen Univ, IEEC, CSIC, Ohio State Univ, Univ Portsmouth, Univ Autonoma Madrid, Univ Manchester, UCL, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Lab Interinstituc & Astron LIneA, Natl Opt Astron Observ, Rhodes Univ, Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Inst Astrophys Paris, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Observ Nacl, Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, Univ Penn, CIEMAT, Steward Observ, CALTECH, Univ Chicago, Univ Michigan, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Max Planck Inst Extraterrestrial Phys, Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Australian Astron Observ, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Univ Southampton, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), and Oak Ridge Natl Lab

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Large-scale structure of Universe, Gaussian, AST-1138766, Eigenmode expansion, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Statistical fluctuations, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, Statistical physics, observations [Cosmology], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, STFC, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Covariance matrix, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, RCUK, Estimator, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Markov chain Monte Carlo, Covariance, Space and Planetary Science, cosmology: observations, astro-ph.CO, symbols, Baryon acoustic oscillations, large-scale structure of Universe, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We study the methodology and potential theoretical systematics of measuring Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) using the angular correlation functions in tomographic bins. We calibrate and optimize the pipeline for the Dark Energy Survey Year 1 dataset using 1800 mocks. We compare the BAO fitting results obtained with three estimators: the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE), Profile Likelihood, and Markov Chain Monte Carlo. The fit results from the MLE are the least biased and their derived 1-$\sigma$ error bar are closest to the Gaussian distribution value after removing the extreme mocks with non-detected BAO signal. We show that incorrect assumptions in constructing the template, such as mismatches from the cosmology of the mocks or the underlying photo-$z$ errors, can lead to BAO angular shifts. We find that MLE is the method that best traces this systematic biases, allowing to recover the true angular distance values. In a real survey analysis, it may happen that the final data sample properties are slightly different from those of the mock catalog. We show that the effect on the mock covariance due to the sample differences can be corrected with the help of the Gaussian covariance matrix or more effectively using the eigenmode expansion of the mock covariance. In the eigenmode expansion, the eigenmodes are provided by some proxy covariance matrix. The eigenmode expansion is significantly less susceptible to statistical fluctuations relative to the direct measurements of the covariance matrix because of the number of free parameters is substantially reduced, Comment: 23 pages, 23 figs, match to the published version

Published
2018

26. Baryon Content in a Sample of 91 Galaxy Clusters Selected by the South Pole Telescope at 0.2 < z < 1.25

Author

R. C. Smith, N. Kuropatkin, J. Carretero, L. N. da Costa, Michael McDonald, Elisabeth Krause, J. P. Dietrich, H. Israel, C. B. D'Andrea, S. E. Kuhlmann, David J. James, G. Tarle, Brian Nord, G. Gutierrez, Vinu Vikram, Carlos E. Cunha, Joseph J. Mohr, A. Saro, F. B. Abdalla, Esra Bulbul, Juan Garcia-Bellido, B. Flaugher, Felipe Menanteau, S. S. Murray, Sebastian Bocquet, J. Hlavacek-L., Matthias Klein, V. Strazzullo, Jochen Weller, F. J. Castander, E. Buckley-Geer, Flavia Sobreira, R. Capasso, T. M. C. Abbott, V. Scarpine, D. Rapetti, Shantanu Desai, A. A. Plazas, Nikhel Gupta, Ramon Miquel, B. Stalder, Mark Brodwin, S. Allam, Robert A. Gruendl, M. A. G. Maia, M. L. N. Ashby, E. J. Sanchez, K. Honscheid, Jennifer L. Marshall, Anthony H. Gonzalez, Gordon P. Garmire, Enrique Gaztanaga, Tesla E. Jeltema, John E. Carlstrom, R. H. Schindler, Matthew B. Bayliss, A. Stanford, M. E. C. Swanson, Michael Schubnell, I-Non Chiu, Alistair R. Walker, Bradford Benson, Lindsey Bleem, Yanxi Zhang, Marcelle Soares-Santos, Keren Sharon, Christian L. Reichardt, Tim Eifler, M. Smith, A. Carnero Rosell, Daniel Gruen, Peter Melchior, C. Stern, Alex Drlica-Wagner, D. W. Gerdes, David J. Brooks, J. Annis, E. Suchyta, August E. Evrard, Ofer Lahav, R. L. C. Ogando, A. Benoit-Lévy, A. K. Romer, Ralph P. Kraft, Marcos Lima, A. Roodman, Peter Doel, H. T. Diehl, E. Bertin, C. Davis, J. Gschwend, Kyler Kuehn, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, SPT, Chiu, I., Mohr, J. J., Mcdonald, M., Bocquet, S., Desai, S., Klein, M., Israel, H., Ashby, M. L. N., Stanford, A., Benson, B. A., Brodwin, M., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Annis, J., Bayliss, M., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bertin, E., Bleem, L., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, Bulbul, E., Capasso, R., Carlstrom, J. E., Rosell, A. Carnero, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Davis, C., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eifler, T. F., Evrard, A. E., Flaugher, B., García-Bellido, J., Garmire, G., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gonzalez, A., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gupta, N., Gutierrez, G., Hlavacek-L, J., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Jeltema, T., Kraft, R., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Kuhlmann, S., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Murray, S., Nord, B., Ogando, R. L. C., Plazas, A. A., Rapetti, D., Reichardt, C. L., Romer, A. K., Roodman, A., Sanchez, E., Saro, A., Scarpine, V., Schindler, R., Schubnell, M., Sharon, K., Smith, R. C., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Stalder, B., Stern, C., Strazzullo, V., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Vikram, V., Walker, A. R., Weller, J., and Zhang, Y.

Subjects
galaxies: clusters: individual, galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium, Stellar mass, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Virial theorem, Intracluster medium, 0103 physical sciences, galaxies: clusters: general, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, clusters: general [galaxies], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Galaxy cluster, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, QB, Physics, clusters: individual [galaxies], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Redshift, Baryon, South Pole Telescope, clusters: intracluster medium [galaxies], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Spectral energy distribution, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

We estimate total mass ($M_{500}$), intracluster medium (ICM) mass ($M_{\mathrm{ICM}}$) and stellar mass ($M_{\star}$) in a Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) selected sample of 91 galaxy clusters with masses $M_{500}\gtrsim2.5\times10^{14}M_{\odot}$ and redshift $0.2 < z < 1.25$ from the 2500 deg$^2$ South Pole Telescope SPT-SZ survey. The total masses $M_{500}$ are estimated from the SZE observable, the ICM masses $M_{\mathrm{ICM}}$ are obtained from the analysis of $Chandra$ X-ray observations, and the stellar masses $M_{\star}$ are derived by fitting spectral energy distribution templates to Dark Energy Survey (DES) $griz$ optical photometry and $WISE$ or $Spitzer$ near-infrared photometry. We study trends in the stellar mass, the ICM mass, the total baryonic mass and the cold baryonic fraction with cluster mass and redshift. We find significant departures from self-similarity in the mass scaling for all quantities, while the redshift trends are all statistically consistent with zero, indicating that the baryon content of clusters at fixed mass has changed remarkably little over the past $\approx9$ Gyr. We compare our results to the mean baryon fraction (and the stellar mass fraction) in the field, finding that these values lie above (below) those in cluster virial regions in all but the most massive clusters at low redshift. Using a simple model of the matter assembly of clusters from infalling groups with lower masses and from infalling material from the low density environment or field surrounding the parent halos, we show that the measured mass trends without strong redshift trends in the stellar mass scaling relation could be explained by a mass and redshift dependent fractional contribution from field material. Similar analyses of the ICM and baryon mass scaling relations provide evidence for the so-called "missing baryons" outside cluster virial regions., Comment: Accepted by MNRAS with further clarification and discussion of the mass calibration added

Published
2018

27. Modelling the Tucana III stream – a close passage with the LMC

Author

J. Carretero, C. E. Martínez-Vázquez, J. D. Simon, David Brooks, Alistair R. Walker, Marcelle Soares-Santos, W. G. Hartley, M. E.C. Swanson, Enrique Gaztanaga, E. Buckley-Geer, Andrew B. Pace, G. Gutierrez, Flavia Sobreira, Risa H. Wechsler, J. Gschwend, A. A. Plazas, David J. James, A. K. Vivas, Juan Garcia-Bellido, E. Bertin, Brandon Buncher, Sergey E. Koposov, Felipe Menanteau, Vasily Belokurov, R. H. Schindler, Joshua A. Frieman, Gregory Tarle, Denis Erkal, C. Davis, Tenglin Li, M. Smith, Filipe B. Abdalla, D. L. Hollowood, Daniel Gruen, M. March, Basilio X. Santiago, D. L. Burke, Santiago Avila, E. Suchyta, K. Honscheid, R. C. Smith, Brian Yanny, Douglas L. Tucker, Kyler Kuehn, D. W. Gerdes, A. Carnero Rosell, Ramon Miquel, P. Doel, Keith Bechtol, Eduardo Balbinot, Alex Drlica-Wagner, M. Carrasco Kind, B. Flaugher, T. F. Eifler, A. E. Evrard, J. Annis, J. De Vicente, E. J. Sanchez, Jennifer L. Marshall, S. Allam, Robert A. Gruendl, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, Elisabeth Krause, L. N. da Costa, V. Scarpine, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, Nora Shipp, M. A. G. Maia, K. M. Stringer, C. B. D'Andrea, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, and Instituto de Física Teórica (IFT)

Subjects
Proper motion, Milky Way, astro-ph.GA, FOS: Physical sciences, Orbital eccentricity, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, evolution [Galaxy], 0103 physical sciences, Galaxy formation and evolution, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Large Magellanic Cloud, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, STFC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Galaxy: evolution, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Track (disk drive), Física, RCUK, Astronomy and Astrophysics, galaxies: dwarf, kinematics and dynamics [Galaxy], Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Constraint (information theory), dwarf [Galaxies], Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics
Abstract

This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Soicety © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved, We present results of the first dynamical stream fits to the recently discovered Tucana III stream. These fits assume a fixed Milky Way potential and give proper motion predictions, which can be tested with the upcoming Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2). These fits reveal that Tucana III is on an eccentric orbit around the Milky Way and, more interestingly, that Tucana III passed within 15 kpc of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) approximately 75 Myr ago. Given this close passage, we fit the Tucana III stream in the combined presence of the Milky Way and the LMC. We find that the predicted proper motions depend on the assumed mass of the LMC and that the LMC can induce a substantial proper motion perpendicular to the stream track. A detection of this misalignment will directly probe the extent of the LMC's influence on our Galaxy, and has implications for nearly all methods which attempt to constraint the Milky Way potential. Such a measurement will be possible with the upcoming Gaia DR2, allowing for a measurement of the LMC's mass., DE and VB acknowledge that the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007- 2013) / ERC Grant Agreement no. 308024. EB acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (StG-335936). ABP acknowledges generous support from the George P. and Cynthia Woods Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University. Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Center for Cosmology and Astro- Particle Physics at the Ohio State University, the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundacâo Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnología e Inovacâo, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey

Published
2018

28. Stellar Streams Discovered in the Dark Energy Survey

Author

C. B. D'Andrea, A. K. Vivas, C. Davis, Jennifer L. Marshall, R. Cawthon, Vasily Belokurov, J. Gschwend, Huan Lin, Daniel Thomas, Alfredo Zenteno, Michael Schubnell, Alistair R. Walker, Rafe Schindler, Eduardo Balbinot, Filipe B. Abdalla, B. Flaugher, D. L. Burke, Alex Drlica-Wagner, David J. James, B. Buncher, Peter Doel, P. S. Ferguson, G. Gutierrez, V. Scarpine, Masao Sako, W. G. Hartley, S. Allam, Robert A. Gruendl, Pablo Fosalba, H. T. Diehl, Ofer Lahav, G. Tarle, Ben Hoyle, Flavia Sobreira, Eli S. Rykoff, R. C. Smith, Denis Erkal, Ramon Miquel, Martin Crocce, Brian Yanny, Shantanu Desai, A. A. Plazas, M. March, Basilio X. Santiago, E. Bertin, C. J. Miller, Daniela Carollo, M. Smith, Nora Shipp, M. D. Johnson, Daniel Gruen, M. A. G. Maia, Louis E. Strigari, Erin Sheldon, J. De Vicente, David Brooks, J. Carretero, Juan Garcia-Bellido, E. Suchyta, D. W. Gerdes, August E. Evrard, Elisabeth Krause, Felipe Menanteau, Risa H. Wechsler, K. Honscheid, Joshua A. Frieman, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, N. Kuropatkin, L. N. da Costa, M. E. C. Swanson, M. Carrasco Kind, Robert C. Nichol, Enrique Gaztanaga, Andrew B. Pace, Douglas L. Tucker, Kyler Kuehn, Tenglin Li, Santiago Avila, Carlos E. Cunha, F. J. Castander, T. M. C. Abbott, E. J. Sanchez, Keith Bechtol, A. K. Romer, Paul Martini, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Stellar population, Milky Way, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, halo [Galaxy], Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Stellar structure, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Stellar density, Galaxy: structure, STFC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, QB, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Local Group, RCUK, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Galaxy: halo, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Globular cluster, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], structure [Galaxy], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We perform a search for stellar streams around the Milky Way using the first three years of multi-band optical imaging data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). We use DES data covering $\sim 5000$ sq. deg. to a depth of $g > 23.5$ with a relative photometric calibration uncertainty of $< 1 \%$. This data set yields unprecedented sensitivity to the stellar density field in the southern celestial hemisphere, enabling the detection of faint stellar streams to a heliocentric distance of $\sim 50$ kpc. We search for stellar streams using a matched-filter in color-magnitude space derived from a synthetic isochrone of an old, metal-poor stellar population. Our detection technique recovers four previously known thin stellar streams: Phoenix, ATLAS, Tucana III, and a possible extension of Molonglo. In addition, we report the discovery of eleven new stellar streams. In general, the new streams detected by DES are fainter, more distant, and lower surface brightness than streams detected by similar techniques in previous photometric surveys. As a by-product of our stellar stream search, we find evidence for extra-tidal stellar structure associated with four globular clusters: NGC 288, NGC 1261, NGC 1851, and NGC 1904. The ever-growing sample of stellar streams will provide insight into the formation of the Galactic stellar halo, the Milky Way gravitational potential, as well as the large- and small-scale distribution of dark matter around the Milky Way., 32 pages, 6 animations, 19 figures, 4 tables; submitted to ApJ

Published
2018

29. The DES Bright Arcs Survey: Hundreds of Candidate Strongly Lensed Galaxy Systems from the Dark Energy Survey Science Verification and Year 1 Observations

Author

Joshua A. Frieman, M. E. C. Swanson, L. N. da Costa, C. B. D'Andrea, S. E. Kuhlmann, E. Suchyta, August E. Evrard, Michael Schubnell, A. Benoit-Lévy, Kevin Reil, M. Smith, Ramon Miquel, Anupreeta More, Jennifer L. Marshall, Shantanu Desai, David J. Brooks, Alistair R. Walker, Daniel Gruen, Peter Nugent, Marcelle Soares-Santos, M. Sako, Thomas E. Collett, B. Flaugher, B. Welch, D. L. Tucker, Rafe Schindler, J. P. Dietrich, F. B. Abdalla, Erin Sheldon, S. Gaitsch, Juan Garcia-Bellido, Brian Nord, Nikolay Kuropatkin, Flavia Sobreira, Hallie Gaitsch, D. W. Gerdes, E. J. Sanchez, David J. James, D. A. Finley, J. Nightingale, Daniel Thomas, Kyler Kuehn, H. T. Diehl, E. Buckley-Geer, Tenglin Li, Yanxi Zhang, Carlos E. Cunha, J. Carretero, Alex Drlica-Wagner, A. K. Romer, M. S. S. Gill, Daniel A. Goldstein, A. Pellico, A. Fausti Neto, J. Gschwend, Marcos Lima, C. Furlanetto, Basilio X. Santiago, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, M. Carrasco Kind, E. Bertin, Robert C. Nichol, A. A. Plazas, K. A. Lindgren, D. L. Burke, A. Carnero Rosell, J. Annis, S. Allam, Robert A. Gruendl, Huan Lin, G. Gutierrez, Felipe Menanteau, C. Odden, Gregory Tarle, V. Scarpine, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, Ofer Lahav, Marcio A. G. Maia, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and DES

Subjects
Strong gravitational lensing, AST-1138766, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, Physical Chemistry, law.invention, Particle and Plasma Physics, law, galaxies: high-redshift, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Galaxy cluster, STFC, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, QB, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, Molecular, RCUK, gravitational lensing: strong, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxy, Lens (optics), Gravitational lens, Space and Planetary Science, Limiting magnitude, strong [gravitational lensing], Magnitude (astronomy), Dark energy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomical and Space Sciences, high-redshift [galaxies], Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
Abstract

We report the results of searches for strong gravitational lens systems in the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Science Verification and Year 1 observations. The Science Verification data span approximately 250 sq. deg. with a median i-band limiting magnitude for extended objects (10 sigma) of 23.0. The Year 1 data span approximately 2000 sq. deg. and have an i-band limiting magnitude for extended objects (10 sigma) of 22.9. As these data sets are both wide and deep, they are particularly useful for identifying strong gravitational lens candidates. Potential strong gravitational lens candidate systems were initially identified based on a color and magnitude selection in the DES object catalogs or because the system is at the location of a previously identified galaxy cluster. Cutout images of potential candidates were then visually scanned using an object viewer and numerically ranked according to whether or not we judged them to be likely strong gravitational lens systems. Having scanned nearly 400,000 cutouts, we present 374 candidate strong lens systems, of which 348 are identified for the first time. We provide the R.A. and decl., the magnitudes and photometric properties of the lens and source objects, and the distance (radius) of the source(s) from the lens center for each system.

Published
2017

30. An $r$-process enhanced star in the dwarf galaxy Tucana III

Author

Kyler Kuehn, L. N. da Costa, A. A. Plazas, Darren L. DePoy, A. Benoit-Lévy, Robert A. Gruendl, Ofer Lahav, G. Gutierrez, Shantanu Desai, E. Suchyta, B. Flaugher, R. A. Bernstein, Robert Connon Smith, V. Scarpine, J. Gschwend, Sahar S. Allam, E. Buckley-Geer, J. Carretero, David Brooks, M. E. C. Swanson, J. D. Simon, D. Q. Nagasawa, A. Carnero Rosell, David James, Alistair R. Walker, Marcelle Soares-Santos, E. J. Sanchez, James Annis, Daniel Gruen, Tenglin Li, G. Tarle, M. Carrasco Kind, Elisabeth Krause, D. W. Gerdes, Joshua A. Frieman, Tim Eifler, Daniela Carollo, Ramon Miquel, Carlos Cunha, Juan Garcia-Bellido, Flavia Sobreira, Basilio X. Santiago, Terese T. Hansen, Enrique Gaztanaga, Keith Bechtol, N. P. Kuropatkin, A. K. Romer, A. Fausti Neto, Alex Drlica-Wagner, Jennifer L. Marshall, F. B. Abdalla, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Milky Way, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Star (graph theory), 01 natural sciences, Abundance (ecology), 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Dwarf galaxy, QB, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Stars, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), r-process, Halo, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

Chemically peculiar stars in dwarf galaxies provide a window for exploring the birth environment of stars with varying chemical enrichment. We present a chemical abundance analysis of the brightest star in the newly discovered ultra-faint dwarf galaxy candidate Tucana III. Because it is particularly bright for a star in an ultra-faint Milky Way satellite, we are able to measure the abundance of 28 elements, including 13 neutron-capture species. This star, DES J235532.66$-$593114.9 (DES J235532), shows a mild enhancement in neutron-capture elements associated with the $r$-process and can be classified as an $r$-I star. DES J235532 is the first $r$-I star to be discovered in an ultra-faint satellite, and Tuc III is the second extremely low-luminosity system found to contain $r$-process enriched material, after Reticulum II. Comparison of the abundance pattern of DES J235532 with $r$-I and $r$-II stars found in other dwarf galaxies and in the Milky Way halo suggests a common astrophysical origin for the neutron-capture elements seen in all $r$-process enhanced stars. We explore both internal and external scenarios for the $r$-process enrichment of Tuc III and show that with abundance patterns for additional stars it should be possible to distinguish between them., 12 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2017

31. DES15E2mlf: a spectroscopically confirmed superluminous supernova that exploded 3.5 Gyr after the big bang

Author

Peter Nugent, C. Lidman, Eve Kovacs, A. K. Romer, E. Buckley-Geer, Juan Garcia-Bellido, Kyler Kuehn, Flavia Sobreira, M. A. G. Maia, Paul Martini, David J. James, A. Papadopoulos, R. C. Smith, M. E. C. Swanson, Alistair R. Walker, Lluís Galbany, A. Benoit-Lévy, G. Gutierrez, C. B. D'Andrea, Ryan J. Foley, Ofer Lahav, Michael Schubnell, Yen-Chen Pan, J. Annis, Elisabeth Krause, M. March, Keith Bechtol, Jennifer L. Marshall, V. Scarpine, Shantanu Desai, Mathew Smith, Joshua A. Frieman, A. Carnero Rosell, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, E. Suchyta, A. A. Plazas, Ramon Miquel, Mark Sullivan, Carlos E. Cunha, F. B. Abdalla, N. Kuropatkin, Matt J. Jarvis, Tim Eifler, Santiago González-Gaitán, L. N. da Costa, T. M. C. Abbott, David J. Brooks, M. Sako, E. J. Sanchez, Richard Kessler, D. L. Burke, Marcos Lima, J. Gschwend, Peter Doel, Robert A. Gruendl, H. T. Diehl, J. Carretero, Daniel A. Goldstein, R. C. Thomas, Daniel Gruen, M. Carrasco Kind, Robert C. Nichol, D. A. Finley, A. G. Kim, Francisco J. Castander, B. Flaugher, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
astro-ph.SR, Stellar mass, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], astro-ph.GA, individual: DES15E2mlf [supernovae], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, supernovae: general, 0103 physical sciences, medicine, Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), supernovae: individual: DES15E2mlf, QB, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Light curve, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Redshift, Galaxy, Supernova, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Dark energy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], general [supernovae], Ultraviolet, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract

We present the Dark Energy Survey (DES) discovery of DES15E2mlf, the most distant superluminous supernova (SLSN) spectroscopically confirmed to date. The light curves and Gemini spectroscopy of DES15E2mlf indicate that it is a Type I superluminous supernova (SLSN-I) at z = 1.861 (a lookback time of ~10 Gyr) and peaking at M_AB = -22.3 +/- 0.1 mag. Given the high redshift, our data probe the rest-frame ultraviolet (1400-3500 A) properties of the SN, finding velocity of the C III feature changes by ~5600 km/s over 14 days around maximum light. We find the host galaxy of DES15E2mlf has a stellar mass of 3.5^+3.6_-2.4 x 10^9 M_sun, which is more massive than the typical SLSN-I host galaxy., MNRAS in press

Published
2017

32. Discovery of a z = 0.65 post-starburst BAL quasar in the DES supernova fields

Author

Samuel Hinton, G. Gutierrez, Nikolav Kuropatkin, M. J. Childress, David J. James, Tim Abbot, Edward Macaulay, Karl Glazebrook, Michael Schubnell, Nick Seymour, Brad E. Tucker, Shantanu Desai, Ramon Miquel, E. J. Sanchez, S. Allam, Robert A. Gruendl, Kyler Kuehn, A. Benoit-Lévy, Basillio Santiago, Daniel Thomas, Emmanuel Bertin, Kevin Riel, A. Camero Rosell, Alistair R. Walker, K. Honscheid, Geraint F. Lewis, Marcelle Soares-Santos, A. A. Plazas, Marcio A. G. Maia, Molly E. C. Swanson, D. Mudd, Daniel Gruen, Manda Banerji, Fang Yuan, Luiz N. da Costa, B. Flaugher, Flavia Sobreira, Matias Carrasco Kind, Gregory Tarle, E. Suchyta, Suk Sien Tie, Rob Sharp, David J. Brooks, Thomas Diehl, Bradley M. Peterson, Robert Connon Smith, Syed Uddin, Chris Lidman, Tim Eifler, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, D. A. Finley, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, J. Carretero, Tamara M. Davis, Filipe B. Abdalla, Richard G. McMahon, Bonnie Zhang, Paul Martini, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, Ohio State Univ, Australian Astron Observ, Univ Cambridge, Univ Queensland, CAASTRO ARC Ctr Excellence All Sky Astrophys, Australian Natl Univ, Curtin Univ, Univ Southampton, Univ Sydney, Natl Optic Astron Observ, UCL, Rhodes Univ, Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Inst Astrophys Paris, Sorbonne Univ, Lab Interinst Astron LIneA, Observ Nacl, Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomputing Applicat, IEEC CSIC, Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, Excellence Cluster Univ, Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Univ Penn, CALTECH, Swinburne Univ Technol, Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM, Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Univ Michigan, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Portsmouth, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Cosmology and Gravitation, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Active galactic nucleus, absorption lines [Quasars], active [Galaxies], [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], astro-ph.GA, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, galaxies: active, FOS: Physical sciences, galaxies: starburst, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, Populacoes estelares, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, OVV quasar, Formacao de estrelas, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Quasars, STFC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Supermassive black hole, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Star formation, Astronomy, Balmer series, RCUK, Galaxias Starburst, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Galáxias ativas, quasars: absorption lines, Supernova, starburst [Galaxies], Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), symbols, astro-ph.CO, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the discovery of a z=0.65 low-ionization broad absorption line (LoBAL) quasar in a post-starburst galaxy in data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and spectroscopy from the Australian Dark Energy Survey (OzDES). LoBAL quasars are a minority of all BALs, and rarer still is that this object also exhibits broad FeII (an FeLoBAL) and Balmer absorption. This is the first BAL quasar that has signatures of recently truncated star formation, which we estimate ended about 40 Myr ago. The characteristic signatures of an FeLoBAL require high column densities, which could be explained by the emergence of a young quasar from an early, dust-enshrouded phase, or by clouds compressed by a blast wave. The age of the starburst component is comparable to estimates of the lifetime of quasars, so if we assume the quasar activity is related to the truncation of the star formation, this object is better explained by the blast wave scenario., 7 pages, 4 figures, and 1 table; Submitted to MNRAS. For a brief video summarizing the paper, please see the Coffee Brief at this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLhHSFU9u3g&feature=youtu.be Authors updated!

Published
2017

33. VDES J2325−5229 a z = 2.7 gravitationally lensed quasar discovered using morphology-independent supervised machine learning

Author

K. Romer, Paul Martini, K. Honscheid, V. Scarpine, Jennifer L. Marshall, C. Lidman, C. Lemon, Daniel Gruen, Alistair R. Walker, Aurelio Carnero Rosell, Shantanu Desai, Marcelle Soares-Santos, David Brooks, Huan Lin, H. Thomas Diehl, Josh Frieman, D. W. Gerdes, E. Suchyta, August E. Evrard, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, Douglas L. Tucker, Kyler Kuehn, David J. James, Carlos E. Cunha, Sergey E. Koposov, Kevin Reil, A. Benoit-Lévy, D. A. Finley, S. Allam, Robert A. Gruendl, Flavia Sobreira, Pablo Fosalba, Daniel Thomas, E. Buckley-Geer, S. L. Reed, Gregory Tarle, Peter Melchior, Marcio A. G. Maia, J. Carretero, B. Flaugher, Daniel A. Goldstein, J. P. Dietrich, Richard G. McMahon, Andrew J. Connolly, Johnathan Hung, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, Andres Plazas Malagon, E. J. Sanchez, G. Gutierrez, Matias Carrasco Kind, Basilio X. Santiago, Marcos Lima, Nikolay Kuropatkin, F. Ostrovski, Matthew W. Auger, Ramon Miquel, Luiz N. da Costa, Emmanuel Bertin, Manda Banerji, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, Univ Cambridge, Minist Educ Brazil, Univ Washington, Ctr Math Sci, Univ Wollongong, Australian Astron Observ, Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, CNRS, Univ London Univ Coll, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Lab Interinst Astron LIneA, Observ Nacl, Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, Stanford Univ, Excellence Cluster Univ, Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Univ Michigan, Univ Chicago, Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Ohio State Univ, Natl Optic Astron Observ, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Texas A&M Univ, Princeton Univ, Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, CALTECH, Univ Sussex, Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Technol CIE, Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Portsmouth, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), McMahon, Richard [0000-0001-8447-8869], Lemon, Cameron [0000-0003-2456-9317], Banerji, Manda [0000-0002-0639-5141], Koposov, Sergey [0000-0003-2644-135X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
[ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Strong gravitational lensing, observational [methods], Astrophysics, computer.software_genre, Gravitational lensing strong, 01 natural sciences, Einstein radius, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Deslocamento para o vermelho, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QB, Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, gravitational lensing: strong, Fotometria astronômica, strong [gravitational lensing], Elliptical galaxy, Methods observational, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, methods: observational, Cosmology and Gravitation, Lentes gravitacionais, astro-ph.GA, statistical [methods], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Machine learning, Photometry (optics), quasars: general, 0103 physical sciences, Quasars, STFC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, methods: statistical, general [quasars], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, RCUK, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Quasars general, Galaxy, Redshift, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Dark energy, Artificial intelligence, Methods statistical, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], computer
Abstract

We present the discovery and preliminary characterization of a gravitationally lensed quasar with a source redshift $\textit{zs}$ = 2.74 and image separation of 2.9 arcsec lensed by a foreground $\textit{zl}$ = 0.40 elliptical galaxy. Since optical observations of gravitationally lensed quasars show the lens system as a superposition of multiple point sources and a foreground lensing galaxy, we have developed a morphology-independent multi-wavelength approach to the photometric selection of lensed quasar candidates based on Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) supervised machine learning. Using this technique and $\textit{gi}$ multicolour photometric observations from the Dark Energy Survey (DES), near-IR $\textit{JK}$ photometry from the VISTA Hemisphere Survey (VHS) and WISE mid-IR photometry, we have identified a candidate system with two catalogue components with $\textit{iAB}$ = 18.61 and $\textit{iAB}$ = 20.44 comprising an elliptical galaxy and two blue point sources. Spectroscopic follow-up with NTT and the use of an archival AAT spectrum show that the point sources can be identified as a lensed quasar with an emission line redshift of $\textit{z}$ = 2.739 ± 0.003 and a foreground early-type galaxy with $\textit{z}$ = 0.400 ± 0.002. We model the system as a single isothermal ellipsoid and find the Einstein radius θE ∼ 1.47 arcsec, enclosed mass $\textit{M}$enc ∼ 4 × 10$^{11}$$\textit{M}$⊙ and a time delay of ∼52 d. The relatively wide separation, month scale time delay duration and high redshift make this an ideal system for constraining the expansion rate beyond a redshift of 1., FO is supported jointly by CAPES (the Science without Borders programme) and the Cambridge Commonwealth Trust. RGM, CAL, MWA, MB, SLR acknowledge the support of UK Science and Technology Research Council (STFC). AJC acknowledges the support of a Raymond and Beverly Sackler visiting fellowship at the Institute of Astronomy. For further information regarding funding please visit the publisher's website.

Published
2017

34. A stellar overdensity associated with the Small Magellanic Cloud

Author

G. Gutierrez, Nicolas F. Martin, A. Benoit-Lévy, B. Flaugher, E. Luque, K. Honscheid, Nikolay Kuropatkin, Peter Doel, W. C. Wester, Noelia E. D. Noël, J. Carretero, H. T. Diehl, M. Carrasco Kind, G. Tarle, Jennifer L. Marshall, David J. James, Daniel Gruen, A. K. Romer, R. P. van der Marel, Guy S. Stringfellow, Felipe Menanteau, Ramon Miquel, T. M. C. Abbott, Gurtina Besla, M. Sako, A. Fausti Neto, Pablo Fosalba, J. Gschwend, E. J. Sanchez, C. B. D'Andrea, Douglas L. Tucker, S. Allam, Robert A. Gruendl, Kyler Kuehn, Flavia Sobreira, David Martinez-Delgado, Alex Drlica-Wagner, Keith Bechtol, Eduardo Balbinot, F. B. Abdalla, William G. Hartley, Tenglin Li, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, Carme Gallart, A. Carnero Rosell, Basilio X. Santiago, D. L. Nidever, Adriano Pieres, Carlos E. Cunha, J. Annis, M. E. C. Swanson, Shantanu Desai, R. C. Smith, Juan Garcia-Bellido, M. R. L. Cioni, E. Suchyta, A. A. Plazas, Vasily Belokurov, M. A. G. Maia, Michael Schubnell, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, L. N. da Costa, Blair C. Conn, K. A. G. Olsen, V. Scarpine, Alistair R. Walker, Marcelle Soares-Santos, S. R. Majewski, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg (ObAS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg ( ObAS ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Higher education, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], FOS: Physical sciences, Library science, interactions [Galaxies], 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Magellanic Clouds, galaxies: interactions, Formacao de estrelas, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QB, Mapeamentos astronômicos, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, European research, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Fundamental physics, Christian ministry, Small Magellanic Cloud, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Pequena Nuvem de Magalhães
Abstract

We report the discovery of a stellar over-density 8$^{\circ}$ north of the center of the Small Magellanic Cloud (Small Magellanic Cloud Northern Over-Density; SMCNOD) using data from the first two years of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and the first year of the MAGellanic SatelLITEs Survey (MagLiteS). The SMCNOD is indistinguishable in age, metallicity and distance from the nearby SMC stars, being primarly composed of intermediate-age stars (6 Gyr, Z=0.001), with a small fraction of young stars (1 Gyr, Z=0.01). The SMCNOD has an elongated shape with an ellipticity of 0.6 and a size of $\sim$ 6x2 deg. It has an absolute magnitude of $M_V \cong$ -7.7, $r_h = 2.1$ kpc, and $\mu_V(r, Comment: 14 pages, 10 color figures

Published
2017

35. Galaxy–galaxy lensing in the Dark Energy Survey Science Verification data

Author

Michael Schubnell, David Brooks, M. E. C. Swanson, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, B. Flaugher, E. Sheldon, N. Kuropatkin, J. P. Dietrich, Ashley J. Ross, Daniel Gruen, Robert Armstrong, L. N. da Costa, R. C. Smith, Peter Doel, Joseph J. Mohr, Peter Melchior, Matthew R. Becker, M. Carrasco Kind, Jennifer L. Marshall, Robert C. Nichol, H. T. Diehl, A. K. Romer, Flavia Sobreira, Shantanu Desai, Daniel Thomas, Juan Estrada, Gregory Tarle, Eduardo Rozo, D. L. Burke, Y. Fang, E. Suchyta, A. Fausti Neto, Niall MacCrann, F. B. Abdalla, M. March, C. B. D'Andrea, August E. Evrard, C. Bonnett, J. Prat, Brian Nord, Eli S. Rykoff, Alistair R. Walker, Marcelle Soares-Santos, Gary Bernstein, Enrique Gaztanaga, David J. James, Pablo Fosalba, Joseph Clampitt, Marcos Lima, Bhuvnesh Jain, E. Bertin, M. Jarvis, Robert A. Gruendl, Youngsoo Park, A. Carnero Rosell, Ofer Lahav, J. Kwan, A. A. Plazas, K. Honscheid, Vinu Vikram, V. Scarpine, Joshua A. Frieman, Michael Troxel, Kyler Kuehn, A. Benoit-Lévy, Elisabeth Krause, Martin Crocce, Ramon Miquel, C. Sánchez, P. Martini, Risa H. Wechsler, T. M. C. Abbott, E. J. Sanchez, Joe Zuntz, Jonathan Blazek, Carlos E. Cunha, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Strong gravitational lensing, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Redshift survey, 01 natural sciences, Halo occupation distribution, Redshift, galaxies: haloes, Gravitational lens, gravitational lensing: weak, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Galaxy formation and evolution, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Weak gravitational lensing, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, QB, Photometric redshift
Abstract

International audience; We present galaxy–galaxy lensing results from 139 deg^2 of Dark Energy Survey (DES) Science Verification (SV) data. Our lens sample consists of red galaxies, known as redMaGiC, which are specifically selected to have a low photometric redshift error and outlier rate. The lensing measurement has a total signal-to-noise ratio of 29 over scales 0.09 < R < 15 Mpc h^−1, including all lenses over a wide redshift range 0.2 < z < 0.8. Dividing the lenses into three redshift bins for this constant moving number density sample, we find no evidence for evolution in the halo mass with redshift. We obtain consistent results for the lensing measurement with two independent shear pipelines, ngmix and im3shape. We perform a number of null tests on the shear and photometric redshift catalogues and quantify resulting systematic uncertainties. Covariances from jackknife subsamples of the data are validated with a suite of 50 mock surveys. The result and systematic checks in this work provide a critical input for future cosmological and galaxy evolution studies with the DES data and redMaGiC galaxy samples. We fit a halo occupation distribution (HOD) model, and demonstrate that our data constrain the mean halo mass of the lens galaxies, despite strong degeneracies between individual HOD parameters.

Published
2017

36. Weak-lensing mass calibration of redMaPPer galaxy clusters in Dark Energy Survey Science Verification data

Author

G. Gutierrez, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, M. Jarvis, Niall MacCrann, Ofer Lahav, Joseph J. Mohr, A. Saro, E. Bertin, F. B. Abdalla, Enrique Gaztanaga, Peter Melchior, Daniel Gruen, David Brooks, Eli S. Rykoff, A. K. Romer, M. E. C. Swanson, E. Suchyta, Bhuvnesh Jain, J. Gschwend, Juan Garcia-Bellido, C. Bonnett, A. A. Plazas, Gary Bernstein, Matthew R. Becker, Flavia Sobreira, D. W. Gerdes, Eduardo Rozo, Daniel Thomas, E. Buckley-Geer, V. Scarpine, Shantanu Desai, Tesla E. Jeltema, M. A. G. Maia, W. G. Hartley, D. L. Hollowood, J. Carretero, C. J. Miller, Donnacha Kirk, M. Carrasco Kind, Robert C. Nichol, Elisabeth Krause, A. Carnero Rosell, Alistair R. Walker, Bradford Benson, Marcelle Soares-Santos, B. Flaugher, P. Martini, E. Sheldon, J. P. Dietrich, M. March, David J. James, Ramon Miquel, A. Bermeo, Pablo Fosalba, K. Honscheid, Joseph Clampitt, Marcos Lima, A. Benoit-Lévy, Yanxi Zhang, Robert A. Gruendl, Adam Amara, Tim Eifler, J. Annis, Felipe Menanteau, Gregory Tarle, Sarah Bridle, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, T. McClintock, Carlos E. Cunha, N. Kuropatkin, T. N. Varga, L. N. da Costa, Jochen Weller, T. M. C. Abbott, E. J. Sanchez, Joe Zuntz, Kyler Kuehn, Michael Troxel, R. C. Smith, C. B. D'Andrea, T. Kacprzak, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), DES, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Melchior, P., Gruen, D., Mcclintock, T., Varga, T. N., Sheldon, E., Rozo, E., Amara, A., Becker, M. R., Benson, B. A., Bermeo, A., Bridle, S. L., Clampitt, J., Dietrich, J. P., Hartley, W. G., Hollowood, D., Jain, B., Jarvis, M., Jeltema, T., Kacprzak, T., Maccrann, N., Rykoff, E., S., Saro, A., Suchyta, E., Troxel, M. A., Zuntz, J., Bonnett, C., Plazas, A. A., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Annis, J., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bernstein, G. M., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Cunha, C. E., D'Andrea, C. B., da Costa, L. N., Desai, S., Eifler, T. F., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kirk, D., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Martini, P., Menanteau, F., Miller, C. J., Miquel, R., Mohr, J. J., Nichol, R. C., Ogando, R., Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, R. C., Soares-Santos, M., Sobreira, F., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Walker, A. R., Weller, J., and Zhang, Y.

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], FOS: Physical sciences, Library science, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, clusters: general [Galaxies], 01 natural sciences, gravitational lensing: weak, 0103 physical sciences, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, Astronomy observatory, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, STFC, Observations, Weak gravitational lensing, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, QB, media_common, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, European research, RCUK, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Engineering physics, Cosmology, Red shift, Space and Planetary Science, galaxies: clusters: general, cosmology: observations, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Fundamental physics, astro-ph.CO, Christian ministry, High Energy Physics::Experiment, weak [Gravitational lensing], National laboratory, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], observation [cosmology]
Abstract

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 469 (4), ISSN:0035-8711, ISSN:1365-2966, ISSN:1365-8711

Published
2017

37. The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. II. UV, Optical, and Near-infrared Light Curves and Comparison to Kilonova Models

Author

P. S. Cowperthwaite, E. Berger, V. A. Villar, B. D. Metzger, M. Nicholl, R. Chornock, P. K. Blanchard, W. Fong, R. Margutti, M. Soares-Santos, K. D. Alexander, S. Allam, J. Annis, D. Brout, D. A. Brown, R. E. Butler, H.-Y. Chen, H. T. Diehl, Z. Doctor, M. R. Drout, T. Eftekhari, B. Farr, D. A. Finley, R. J. Foley, J. A. Frieman, C. L. Fryer, J. García-Bellido, M. S. S. Gill, J. Guillochon, K. Herner, D. E. Holz, D. Kasen, R. Kessler, J. Marriner, T. Matheson, E. H. Neilsen, E. Quataert, A. Palmese, A. Rest, M. Sako, D. M. Scolnic, N. Smith, D. L. Tucker, P. K. G. Williams, E. Balbinot, J. L. Carlin, E. R. Cook, F. Durret, T. S. Li, P. A. A. Lopes, A. C. C. Lourenço, J. L. Marshall, G. E. Medina, J. Muir, R. R. Muñoz, M. Sauseda, D. J. Schlegel, L. F. Secco, A. K. Vivas, W. Wester, A. Zenteno, Y. Zhang, T. M. C. Abbott, M. Banerji, K. Bechtol, A. Benoit-Lévy, E. Bertin, E. Buckley-Geer, D. L. Burke, D. Capozzi, A. Carnero Rosell, M. Carrasco Kind, F. J. Castander, M. Crocce, C. E. Cunha, C. B. D’Andrea, L. N. da Costa, C. Davis, D. L. DePoy, S. Desai, J. P. Dietrich, A. Drlica-Wagner, T. F. Eifler, A. E. Evrard, E. Fernandez, B. Flaugher, P. Fosalba, E. Gaztanaga, D. W. Gerdes, T. Giannantonio, D. A. Goldstein, D. Gruen, R. A. Gruendl, G. Gutierrez, K. Honscheid, B. Jain, D. J. James, T. Jeltema, M. W. G. Johnson, M. D. Johnson, S. Kent, E. Krause, R. Kron, K. Kuehn, N. Nuropatkin, O. Lahav, M. Lima, H. Lin, M. A. G. Maia, M. March, P. Martini, R. G. McMahon, F. Menanteau, C. J. Miller, R. Miquel, J. J. Mohr, E. Neilsen, R. C. Nichol, R. L. C. Ogando, A. A. Plazas, N. Roe, A. K. Romer, A. Roodman, E. S. Rykoff, E. Sanchez, V. Scarpine, R. Schindler, M. Schubnell, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, M. Smith, R. C. Smith, F. Sobreira, E. Suchyta, M. E. C. Swanson, G. Tarle, D. Thomas, R. C. Thomas, M. A. Troxel, V. Vikram, A. R. Walker, R. H. Wechsler, J. Weller, B. Yanny, J. Zuntz, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
AST-1714498, neutron star: binary, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], AST-1411763, Astrophysics, Kilonova, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Luminosity, star, ultraviolet, site, optical, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, LIGO, dark energy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QB, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, Physics, binaries: close, HEFCE, gravitational waves, radioactivity, black body, infrared, Spectral energy distribution, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, close [bibaries], Milky Way, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, satellite, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Photometry (optics), stars: neutron, neutron [stars], bolometer, surveys, 0103 physical sciences, capture, STFC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, velocity: expansion, gravitational radiation, RCUK, opacity, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Light curve, color, Neutron star, VIRGO, electromagnetic, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, spectral, galaxy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], catalogs
Abstract

We present UV, optical, and NIR photometry of the first electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational wave source from Advanced LIGO/Virgo, the binary neutron star merger GW170817. Our data set extends from the discovery of the optical counterpart at $0.47$ days to $18.5$ days post-merger, and includes observations with the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), Gemini-South/FLAMINGOS-2 (GS/F2), and the {\it Hubble Space Telescope} ({\it HST}). The spectral energy distribution (SED) inferred from this photometry at $0.6$ days is well described by a blackbody model with $T\approx 8300$ K, a radius of $R\approx 4.5\times 10^{14}$ cm (corresponding to an expansion velocity of $v\approx 0.3c$), and a bolometric luminosity of $L_{\rm bol}\approx 5\times10^{41}$ erg s$^{-1}$. At $1.5$ days we find a multi-component SED across the optical and NIR, and subsequently we observe rapid fading in the UV and blue optical bands and significant reddening of the optical/NIR colors. Modeling the entire data set we find that models with heating from radioactive decay of $^{56}$Ni, or those with only a single component of opacity from $r$-process elements, fail to capture the rapid optical decline and red optical/NIR colors. Instead, models with two components consistent with lanthanide-poor and lanthanide-rich ejecta provide a good fit to the data, the resulting "blue" component has $M_\mathrm{ej}^\mathrm{blue}\approx 0.01$ M$_\odot$ and $v_\mathrm{ej}^\mathrm{blue}\approx 0.3$c, and the "red" component has $M_\mathrm{ej}^\mathrm{red}\approx 0.04$ M$_\odot$ and $v_\mathrm{ej}^\mathrm{red}\approx 0.1$c. These ejecta masses are broadly consistent with the estimated $r$-process production rate required to explain the Milky Way $r$-process abundances, providing the first evidence that BNS mergers can be a dominant site of $r$-process enrichment., 13 Pages, 3 Figures, 2 Tables. ApJL, In Press. Keywords: GW170817, LVC

Published
2017

38. Discovery and Physical Characterization of a Large Scattered Disk Object at 92 au

Author

Luiz N. da Costa, Robert C. Nichol, Fred C. Adams, Ramon Miquel, A. Benoit-Lévy, Carlos E. Cunha, E. Suchyta, T. M. C. Abbott, E. J. Sanchez, William Wester, Douglas L. Tucker, J. H. Mueller, Elisabeth Krause, Kyler Kuehn, B. Flaugher, Juliette C. Becker, J. Gschwend, Nikolay Kuropatkin, A. Kathy Romer, Gary Bernstein, M. E. C. Swanson, Emmanuel Bertin, P. Martini, G. Gutierrez, Alistair R. Walker, Lynus Zullo, J. Carretero, Shantanu Desai, Juan Garcia-Bellido, Tali Khain, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, Marcelle Soares-Santos, Daniel A. Goldstein, Masao Sako, Keith Bechtol, A. C. Rosell, Flavia Sobreira, H. Thomas Diehl, Enrique Gaztanaga, David J. Brooks, James Annis, Andres Plazas Malagon, Matias Carrasco Kind, M. March, Ke Zhang, D. L. Burke, D. James, Joshua A. Frieman, M. A. G. Maia, Daniel Gruen, S. Allam, D. W. Gerdes, Mathew Smith, Edwin A. Bergin, Yanxi Zhang, Tim Eifler, Ofer Lahav, Stephen M. Kent, Jennifer L. Marshall, K. Honscheid, Filipe B. Abdalla, R. J. E. Smith, Colin Scheibner, Felipe Menanteau, Tianjun Li, Gregory Tarle, S. Hamilton, A. Roodman, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Dwarf planet, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Characterization (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, techniques: photometric, Neptune, 0103 physical sciences, infrared: planetary systems, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QB, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, Orbital elements, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Surface (topology), Orbit, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Magnitude (astronomy), Dark energy, Kuiper belt: general, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, methods: observational, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We report the observation and physical characterization of the possible dwarf planet \UZ\ ("DeeDee"), a dynamically detached trans-Neptunian object discovered at 92 AU. This object is currently the second-most distant known trans-Neptunian object with reported orbital elements, surpassed in distance only by the dwarf planet Eris. The object was discovered with an $r$-band magnitude of 23.0 in data collected by the Dark Energy Survey between 2014 and 2016. Its 1140-year orbit has $(a,e,i) = (109~\mathrm{AU}, 0.65, 26.8^{\circ})$. It will reach its perihelion distance of 38 AU in the year 2142. Integrations of its orbit show it to be dynamically stable on Gyr timescales, with only weak interactions with Neptune. We have performed followup observations with ALMA, using 3 hours of on-source integration time to measure the object's thermal emission in the Rayleigh-Jeans tail. The signal is detected at 7$\sigma$ significance, from which we determine a $V$-band albedo of $13.1^{+3.3}_{-2.4}\mathrm{(stat)}^{+2.0}_{-1.4}\mathrm{(sys)}$ percent and a diameter of $635^{+57}_{-61}\mathrm{(stat)}^{+32}_{-39}\mathrm{(sys)}$~km, assuming a spherical body with uniform surface properties., Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, accepted by ApJ Letters

Published
2017

39. Cosmic Voids and Void Lensing in the Dark Energy Survey Science Verification Data

Author

C. B. D'Andrea, A. A. Plazas, P. Vielzeuf, A. Benoit-Lévy, Jennifer L. Marshall, W. G. Hartley, F. B. Abdalla, Martin Crocce, Peter Doel, M. Carrasco Kind, M. Jarvis, G. Gutierrez, H. T. Diehl, K. Honscheid, Jochen Weller, R. C. Smith, Erin Sheldon, David Brooks, Enrique Gaztanaga, Michael Schubnell, Dragan Huterer, T. M. C. Abbott, J. Carretero, Eli S. Rykoff, E. J. Sanchez, Peter Melchior, J. P. Dietrich, Risa H. Wechsler, Adam Amara, Kevin Reil, Joseph DeRose, A. Carnero Rosell, David J. James, Attila Kovács, J. Annis, Kyler Kuehn, M. A. G. Maia, Nico Hamaus, Gary Bernstein, Pablo Fosalba, Ofer Lahav, Carlos E. Cunha, B. Flaugher, Juan Garcia-Bellido, Joe Zuntz, Bhuvnesh Jain, Eduardo Rozo, Flavia Sobreira, Shantanu Desai, Gregory Tarle, Robert A. Gruendl, E. Bertin, R. A. Bernstein, Joshua A. Frieman, E. Suchyta, August E. Evrard, C. Bonnett, Elisabeth Krause, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, L. N. da Costa, Ramon Miquel, C. Sánchez, Seshadri Nadathur, A. K. Romer, A. Fausti Neto, Joseph Clampitt, Marcos Lima, Alistair R. Walker, Marcelle Soares-Santos, Daniel Thomas, E. Buckley-Geer, Daniel Gruen, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, Univ Penn, Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM, Univ Portsmouth, Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Univ Munich, Univ Michigan, ETH, UCL, Inst Catalana Rec & Estudis Avancats, Univ Arizona, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Univ Manchester, Natl Opt Astron Observ, Rhodes Univ, Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, CNRS, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Carnegie Observ, Lab Interinst Astron LIneA, Observ Nacl, Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, CSIC, Univ Southampton, Excellence Cluster Univ, Univ Chicago, Ohio State Univ, Australian Astron Observ, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Texas A&M Univ, Princeton Univ, CALTECH, Univ Sussex, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, and Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys

Subjects
Cosmology and Gravitation, Void (astronomy), Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, gravitational lensing: weak, weak [gravitational lensing], 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, STFC, Weak gravitational lensing, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, QB, weak, Cosmology: observations, Large-scale structure of Universe [Gravitational lensing], Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, RCUK, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radius, observations [cosmology], Galaxy, Redshift, Space and Planetary Science, cosmology: observations, astro-ph.CO, Dark energy, large-scale structure of Universe, Giant Void, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

osmic voids are usually identified in spectroscopic galaxy surveys, where 3D information about the large-scale structure of the Universe is available. Although an increasing amount of photometric data is being produced, its potential for void studies is limited since photometric redshifts induce line-of-sight position errors of ≥50 Mpc h−1 which can render many voids undetectable. We present a new void finder designed for photometric surveys, validate it using simulations, and apply it to the high-quality photo-z redMaGiC galaxy sample of the DES Science Verification data. The algorithm works by projecting galaxies into 2D slices and finding voids in the smoothed 2D galaxy density field of the slice. Fixing the line-of-sight size of the slices to be at least twice the photo-z scatter, the number of voids found in simulated spectroscopic and photometric galaxy catalogues is within 20 per cent for all transverse void sizes, and indistinguishable for the largest voids (Rv ≥ 70 Mpc h−1). The positions, radii, and projected galaxy profiles of photometric voids also accurately match the spectroscopic void sample. Applying the algorithm to the DES-SV data in the redshift range 0.2 < z < 0.8, we identify 87 voids with comoving radii spanning the range 18–120 Mpc h−1, and carry out a stacked weak lensing measurement. With a significance of 4.4σ, the lensing measurement confirms that the voids are truly underdense in the matter field and hence not a product of Poisson noise, tracer density effects or systematics in the data. It also demonstrates, for the first time in real data, the viability of void lensing studies in photometric surveys., Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 465 (1), ISSN:0035-8711, ISSN:1365-2966, ISSN:1365-8711

Published
2017

40. Eight new luminous z $\geq$ 6 quasars discovered via SED model fitting of VISTA, WISE and Dark Energy Survey Year 1 observations

Author

F. Ostrovski, Matthew W. Auger, A. A. Plazas, Daniel Gruen, W. C. Wester, E. Buckley-Geer, Alistair R. Walker, A. Carnero Rosell, Peter Doel, Paul C. Hewett, H. T. Diehl, G. Gutierrez, G. Tarle, Brian Nord, Peter Melchior, Juan Garcia-Bellido, Darren L. DePoy, D. L. Burke, B. Flaugher, S. L. Reed, Marcos Lima, S. L. J. Gibbons, A. Benoit-Levy, M. Banerji, Joshua A. Frieman, Douglas L. Tucker, A. K. Romer, Kyler Kuehn, Shantanu Desai, Paul Martini, E. J. Sanchez, S. Allam, M. A. G. Maia, Robert A. Gruendl, Michael Schubnell, R. C. Smith, E. A. Gonzalez-Solares, C. J. Miller, D. A. Finley, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, J. Carretero, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, Ramon Miquel, Daniel A. Goldstein, David J. James, N. Kuropatkin, Enrique Gaztanaga, F. B. Abdalla, M. E. C. Swanson, Sergey E. Koposov, Pablo Fosalba, Richard G. McMahon, L. N. da Costa, M. Carrasco Kind, V. Scarpine, Ofer Lahav, Jennifer L. Marshall, David J. Brooks, E. Suchyta, August E. Evrard, Flavia Sobreira, Suk Sien Tie, E. Bertin, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DES, WISE, VISTA, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
galaxies: high redshift, astro-ph.GA, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], first stars, galaxies: active, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, galaxies: formation, dark ages, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Reionization, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, QB, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, quasars individual: VDES J0224−4711, New Technology Telescope, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Redshift, Space and Planetary Science, Dark Ages, Dark energy, astro-ph.CO, Spectral energy distribution, reionization, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the discovery and spectroscopic confirmation with the ESO NTT and Gemini South telescopes of eight new 6.0 < z < 6.5 quasars with z$_{AB}$ < 21.0. These quasars were photometrically selected without any star-galaxy morphological criteria from 1533 deg$^{2}$ using SED model fitting to photometric data from the Dark Energy Survey (g, r, i, z, Y), the VISTA Hemisphere Survey (J, H, K) and the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (W1, W2). The photometric data was fitted with a grid of quasar model SEDs with redshift dependent Lyman-{\alpha} forest absorption and a range of intrinsic reddening as well as a series of low mass cool star models. Candidates were ranked using on a SED-model based $\chi^{2}$-statistic, which is extendable to other future imaging surveys (e.g. LSST, Euclid). Our spectral confirmation success rate is 100% without the need for follow-up photometric observations as used in other studies of this type. Combined with automatic removal of the main types of non-astrophysical contaminants the method allows large data sets to be processed without human intervention and without being over run by spurious false candidates. We also present a robust parametric redshift estimating technique that gives comparable accuracy to MgII and CO based redshift estimators. We find two z $\sim$ 6.2 quasars with HII near zone sizes < 3 proper Mpc which could indicate that these quasars may be young with ages < 10$^6$ - 10$^7$ years or lie in over dense regions of the IGM. The z = 6.5 quasar VDESJ0224-4711 has J$_{AB}$ = 19.75 is the second most luminous quasar known with z > 6.5., Comment: 19 pages, 15 figures

Published
2017

41. SDSS-IV eBOSS emission-line galaxy pilot survey

Author

J. Comparat, T. Delubac, S. Jouvel, A. Raichoor, J-P. Kneib, C. Yèche, F. B. Abdalla, C. Le Cras, C. Maraston, D. M. Wilkinson, G. Zhu, E. Jullo, F. Prada, D. Schlegel, Z. Xu, H. Zou, J. Bautista, D. Bizyaev, A. Bolton, J. R. Brownstein, K. S. Dawson, S. Escoffier, P. Gaulme, K. Kinemuchi, E. Malanushenko, V. Malanushenko, V. Mariappan, J. A. Newman, D. Oravetz, K. Pan, W. J. Percival, A. Prakash, D. P. Schneider, A. Simmons, T. M. C. Abbott, S. Allam, M. Banerji, A. Benoit-Lévy, E. Bertin, D. Brooks, D. Capozzi, A. Carnero Rosell, M. Carrasco Kind, J. Carretero, F. J. Castander, C. E. Cunha, L. N. da Costa, S. Desai, P. Doel, T. F. Eifler, J. Estrada, B. Flaugher, P. Fosalba, J. Frieman, E. Gaztanaga, D. W. Gerdes, D. Gruen, R. A. Gruendl, G. Gutierrez, K. Honscheid, D. J. James, K. Kuehn, N. Kuropatkin, O. Lahav, M. Lima, M. A. G. Maia, M. March, J. L. Marshall, R. Miquel, A. A. Plazas, K. Reil, N. Roe, A. K. Romer, A. Roodman, E. S. Rykoff, M. Sako, E. Sanchez, V. Scarpine, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, M. Soares-Santos, F. Sobreira, E. Suchyta, M. E. C. Swanson, G. Tarle, J. Thaler, D. Thomas, A. R. Walker, Y. Zhang, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Departamento de FisicaTeorica e IFT-UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), EPFL Laboratoire d’astrophysique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai [Barcelona] (ICE-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University College of London [London] (UCL), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Services communs OMP (UMS 831), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation (Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation), University of Portsmouth, Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC (IFT), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Institute of Oceanology [China], Key Laboratory of of Optical Astronomy, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS)-National Astronomical Observatories of China, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Hippolyte Fizeau (FIZEAU), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie du solide et de l'énergie (CSE), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CSIR (CSIR), CSIR, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Equipe Circuit Instrumentation et Modélisation Electronique (ECIME), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique [Saint Martin d’Hères] (LIPhy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de Física d’Altes Energies [Barcelone] (IFAE), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique et mécanique des milieux hétérogenes (UMR 7636) (PMMH), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Universidad Simon Bolivar (USB), Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha = University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM)

Subjects
Galaxies: general, spectroscopy, Cosmology and Gravitation, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Large-scale structure of Universe, astro-ph.GA, media_common.quotation_subject, observational [methods], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Photometry (optics), Methods: observational, 0103 physical sciences, survey, Emission spectrum, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Selection algorithm, Spectrograph, STFC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, QB, media_common, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Standard ruler, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, RCUK, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Redshift, Galaxy, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), astro-ph.CO, galaxy, large-scale structure of Universe, emission lines, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], cosmology, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, general [galaxies]
Abstract

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAM, Astronomy and Astrophysics 592 (2016): A121reproduced with permission from Astronomy & Astrophysics, The Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV extended Baryonic Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (SDSS-IV/eBOSS) will observe 195 000 emission-line galaxies (ELGs) to measure the baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) standard ruler at redshift 0.9. To test different ELG selection algorithms, 9000 spectra were observed with the SDSS spectrograph as a pilot survey based on data from several imaging surveys. First, using visual inspection and redshift quality flags, we show that the automated spectroscopic redshifts assigned by the pipeline meet the quality requirements for a reliable BAO measurement. We also show the correlations between sky emission, signal-to-noise ratio in the emission lines, and redshift error. Then we provide a detailed description of each target selection algorithm we tested and compare them with the requirements of the eBOSS experiment. As a result, we provide reliable redshift distributions for the different target selection schemes we tested. Finally, we determine an target selection algorithms that is best suited to be applied on DECam photometry because they fulfill the eBOSS survey efficiency requirements, J.C .and F.P. acknowledge support from the Spanish MICINNs Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme under grant MultiDark CSD2009-00064, MINECO Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Programme under the grants SEV-2012-0249, FPA2012-34694, and the projects AYA2014- 60641-C2-1-P and AYA2012-31101. F.P. acknowledges the spanish MEC Salvador de Madariaga program, Ref. PRX14/00444. T.D. and J.P.K. acknowledge support from the LIDA ERC advanced grant. AR acknowledges funding from the P2IO LabEx (ANR-10-LABX-0038) in the framework Investissements d’Avenir (ANR- 11-IDEX-0003-01) managed by the French National Research Agency (ANR). The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Number AST-1138766. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2012-39559, ESP2013- 48274, FPA2013-47986, and Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa SEV-2012- 0234. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007−2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478

Published
2016

42. Crowdsourcing quality control for Dark Energy Survey images

Author

Erin S. Sheldon, V. Vikram, Martin Crocce, Joshua A. Frieman, Jennifer L. Marshall, V. Scarpine, A. A. Plazas, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, F. B. Abdalla, T. M. C. Abbott, Sahar S. Allam, A. Benoit-Lévy, Ricardo L. C. Ogando, E. Buckley-Geer, Eli S. Rykoff, M. Jarvis, E. Suchyta, August E. Evrard, M. A. G. Maia, Peter Doel, L. N. da Costa, M. Carrasco Kind, M. March, Alex Drlica-Wagner, D. A. Finley, Alistair R. Walker, A. Carnero Rosell, Marcelle Soares-Santos, Enrique Gaztanaga, J. Carretero, Robert A. Gruendl, Peter Melchior, R. C. Smith, Brian Nord, T. S. Li, K. Honscheid, B. Flaugher, C. B. D'Andrea, A. K. Romer, William Wester, Kyler Kuehn, David Brooks, M. E. C. Swanson, E. J. Sanchez, David J. James, Shantanu Desai, Gregory Tarle, Yuanyuan Zhang, Daniel Gruen, D. W. Gerdes, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), DES, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC )

Subjects
Computer science, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], media_common.quotation_subject, Data management, AST-1138766, humna-centered computing, FOS: Physical sciences, Surveys, information systems, 050905 science studies, Crowdsourcing, 01 natural sciences, World Wide Web, surveys, Information systems: Crowdsourcing, 0103 physical sciences, Collaborative filtering, Information system, Web application, Quality (business), Set (psychology), Human-centered computing: Collaborative filtering, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), STFC, QB, media_common, business.industry, 05 social sciences, RCUK, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Computer Science Applications, Space and Planetary Science, collaborative filtering, crowdsourcing, 0509 other social sciences, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Host (network)
Abstract

We have developed a crowdsourcing web application for image quality control employed by the Dark Energy Survey. Dubbed the "DES exposure checker", it renders science-grade images directly to a web browser and allows users to mark problematic features from a set of predefined classes. Users can also generate custom labels and thus help identify previously unknown problem classes. User reports are fed back to hardware and software experts to help mitigate and eliminate recognized issues. We report on the implementation of the application and our experience with its over 100 users, the majority of which are professional or prospective astronomers but not data management experts. We discuss aspects of user training and engagement, and demonstrate how problem reports have been pivotal to rapidly correct artifacts which would likely have been too subtle or infrequent to be recognized otherwise. We conclude with a number of important lessons learned, suggest possible improvements, and recommend this collective exploratory approach for future astronomical surveys or other extensive data sets with a sufficiently large user base. We also release open-source code of the web application and host an online demo version at http://des-exp-checker.pmelchior.net, Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted by Astronomy & Computing

Published
2016

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