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1. The Project-ed Community

Author

Béatrice Cointe, Laboratoire méditerranéen de sociologie (LAMES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre de Sociologie de l'Innovation i3 (CSI i3), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Argumentative, 050402 sociology, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, business.industry, Corporate governance, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, 020302 automobile design & engineering, projects, 02 engineering and technology, Public relations, bioenergy, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, communities, 0504 sociology, 0203 mechanical engineering, Work (electrical), Embodied cognition, Excellence, Political science, Ethnography, Relevance (law), Narrative, business, media_common
Abstract

Projects have become crucial devices in the practice and governance of research. Drawing on the participant ethnography of a two-year interdisciplinary project on microbial bioenergy, this chapter inquires how projectification translates into collective research dynamics. It argues that to understand what projects are and how they affect research practices and communities, it is necessary to look beyond their influence on the organisation of research work. Seeking to delineate the project as a group, the chapter analyses three versions of the project-ed community: in documents, in institutional arrangements, and in daily research. This shows that projects cannot be reduced to temporary arenas of research. They are also argumentative devices that justify and display the excellence and relevance of specific scientific endeavours, as well as projection devices – they serve to imagine future research communities and to start building them. In that, projects are highly strategic entities that integrate scientific practices into coherent narratives to further the interests and ambitions of various parties; but they are also enmeshed in practical matters, because to build communities, researchers have to develop concrete repertoires that are materially embodied.

Published
2021
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2. Writing good economics: how texts 'on the move' perform the lab and discipline of experimental economics

Author

Kristin Asdal, Béatrice Cointe, University of Oslo (UiO), Centre de Sociologie de l'Innovation i3 (CSI i3), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Research Council, European Project: 637760,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,LITTLE TOOLS(2015), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, History, History and Philosophy of Science, performativity, Writing, Humans, General Social Sciences, economics, experiments, Laboratories, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, texts, laboratory
Abstract

International audience; While there is a wealth of research on the history, philosophy and epistemology of economics, few studies approach economics as a practical and material endeavour in the way STS and ethnographies of science have approached natural sciences. To explore how objectivity is practically accomplished in laboratory economic experiments, we focus on a, at the face of it, modest and mundane thing: the written instructions that guide experimental subjects in the lab. In a material-semiotic perspective, these instructions can be understood as text-devices. We follow this text-device 'on the move' from its very writing, through the lab, the review process and out into the journal article. To do so, we analyse "text-author ensembles": journal articles together with practice-oriented interviews with their authors. We show that the instructions act not simply as a text, but as an experimental instrument that also performs the procedure of experimental economics. They draw together the procedural, material and rhetorical dimensions of experimental work in economics, and link the lab setting to collective validation procedures within the discipline of economics. To achieve this, experimental economists rely on qualitative writing skills refined in collective writing and reviewing practices. This particular text-device 'on the move' alert us not only to the role of writing and writing skills in the production of scientific knowledge, but to the role of texts as material and semiotic objects that can produce not only facts, but labs and disciplines too, and that are key to the accomplishment of objectivity in experimental economics.

Published
2021
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3. Experiments in co-modification: A relational take on the becoming of commodities and the making of market value

Author

Béatrice Cointe, Kristin Asdal, Centre de Sociologie de l'Innovation i3 (CSI i3), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TIK Centre for Technology Innovation and Culture, University of Oslo (UiO), ERC, European Project: 637760,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,LITTLE TOOLS(2015), European Research Council, Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)

Subjects
Cultural Studies, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Commodification, commodification, 05 social sciences, market, 050801 communication & media studies, experiments, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Making-of, Social studies, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Microeconomics, [SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, 0508 media and communications, aquaculture, 0502 economics and business, Economics, Market value, valuation, 050203 business & management, Valuation (finance)
Abstract

International audience; Social studies of science have for many years analyzed and demonstrated the key role of experiments to science and the making of facts. But what is the role of experiments in market work? And what, if anything, can we learn from them about markets and commodities? It is perhaps tempting to say that we can learn very little. This paper investigates a series of market research experiments investigating consumers' valuations of farmed fish, and these are almost comical in their painstaking attention to mundane details. However, when looked into closely, they provide key insights into commodification processes and the scholarly literature to understand them. Most importantly, their analysis allows us to grasp how commodities do not simply emerge as the outcome of a one way process directed towards the market, but through a relational process that jointly works with and acts upon things and people, markets and production. The paper works with the notion of co-modification to trace and stay close to these relational processes. In doing this the paper simultaneously strives for an approach that is not framed by the dominant conceptual distinction between production and market, but instead directed towards the materiality and activeness of the things exchanged. The notion of co-modification emphasises that there is more to market that the human hand. The paper shows that it can also be used in a stronger sense to suggest that commodification is a process where things, people, production methods and markets are actively modifying one another.

Published
2021
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4. Turning sunlit rooftops and windy sites into energy assets

Author

Alain Nadaï, Béatrice Cointe, Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement (CIRED), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sociologie de l'Innovation i3 (CSI i3), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Laboratoire méditerranéen de sociologie (LAMES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), 4S/EASST, ANR-11-SOIN-0003,COLLENER,Collectifs socio-techniques et transition énergétique(2011), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Wind power, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, business.industry, Repowering, finance, Tariff, Environmental economics, assets, solar PV, 7. Clean energy, Renewable energy, Commerce, 13. Climate action, Portfolio, Revenue, Asset (economics), France, Project management, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; At the core of renewable energy project development is the work of turning things (roof, site) into productive assets (solar roof, wind power site) through the siting of material devices (turbines, PV panels). The resulting assets convert an untamed flow (sun, wind) into electricity dubbed ‘renewable’ and eligible to stable remuneration (‘feed-in’ tariff). They are valued (tradable projects/portfolios) and they produce value (marketable electricity). Assembling productive-enough assets implies engaging things in hybrid agencements by requalifying their pre-existing usages and/or users.Our contribution starts from two case studies of politically engaged project developments: a mutualised PV project carried out by farmers (Fermes de Figeac, Lot, France), and a wind farm repowering in a European migratory corridor involving bird watchers and a wind power developers (Narbonnaise, Languedoc-Roussillon, France). These cases allow us to describe the socio-technical and economic reconfigurations through which sunlit rooftops and a windy site are turned into assets, and made to generate revenue streams. We further look at what these reconfigurations produce, which allows us to discuss the forms of rentierships entailed and the way in which we define assets.As these processes take place at the junction with financial valuation, conveyed by developers business models (project/portfolio TRIs, relation with banks), they additionally make the case for discussing the relation between capitalisation (TRI requirements) and asset making.

Published
2020
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5. Mutualising sunshine: economic and territorial entanglements in a local photovoltaic project

Author

Béatrice Cointe, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Régiion Ile de France - DIM R2DS - 2010-13, ANR-11-SOIN-0003,COLLENER,Collectifs socio-techniques et transition énergétique(2011), ANR-12-ASTR-0028,QUIGARDE,Lasers à cascade quantiques émettant autour de 10 µm pour la détection à distance de composés gazeux(2012), Laboratoire méditerranéen de sociologie (LAMES), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
Natural resource economics, media_common.quotation_subject, Geography, Planning and Development, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 0507 social and economic geography, 02 engineering and technology, Community energy, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, local capacities, grassroots innovation, Feed-in tariff, feed-in tariffs, mutualisation, media_common, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Constitution, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Photovoltaic system, 021107 urban & regional planning, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, renewable energy, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Renewable energy, Business, 050703 geography
Abstract

International audience; Focusing on a successful local photovoltaic project in France, this paper retraces the emergence and constitution of a territorial capacity to take part in the development of renewable energy as driven by a private actor (an agricultural cooperative) that relied on the combination of policy support, of a tradition of mutualisation, and of its territorial implantation. A relational perspective on innovation and entrepreneurship is adopted to describe the various entanglements that hold this project together. The development of a local renewable energy project and its community is seen as a collective endeavour that requires to establish and consolidate relationships between people and things; relationships are negotiated, tested and shaped through series of trials. I pay particular attention to the material and cognitive devices that are used to articulate the market policy framework and the territory (understood as a geographical, patrimonial and social entity), particularly by organising mutualisation. This enables me to explore how supporting policies and the territory are mobilised and enacted in the course of the project, and the extent to which both are transformed in the process. Supporting policies are turned into a tool for territorial innovation and development, while the tradition of territorial mutualisation that is constitutive of the cooperative that promoted the project becomes a way to provide access to a market and to maximise and redistribute associated profits. This highlights the entanglements through which a specific conception of equity is enacted in a project, and redistributive concerns are incorporated into an economics-centred policy device.

Published
2018
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6. Transitioning through markets

Author

Catherine Grandclément, Alain Nadaï, Vincent Banos, Béatrice Cointe, Jeoffrey Dehez, Olivier Labussiere, Thomas Reverdy, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Environnement, territoires et infrastructures (UR ETBX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales (PACTE), Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Olivier Labussière, Alain Nadaï, Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech, Aménités et dynamiques des espaces ruraux (UR ADBX), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales, and Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science
Abstract

International audience; This chapter offers a critical examination of the conduct of market-based energy transition. Drawing on four case studies from France - tree stumps as conventional fuelwood, non-residential PV production, the development of ‘smart home’ infrastructure, and the market valuation of residential load shedding – the chapter takes a market studies approach and offers fine-grained accounts of how markets work in practice. Unsurprisingly, the four cases presented here illustrate ways in which markets can lead to positive or negative outcomes in both energy change achievements and participation in steering these changes. They suggest that the potential of markets in relationship to the energy transition depend notably on what the state decides to make of them.

Published
2018

7. The Politics of Some Policy Instruments

Author

Béatrice Cointe, Alain Nadaï, Olivier Labussiere, Édith Chezel, Antoine Fontaine, Laurence Rocher, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales (PACTE), Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Olivier Labussière, Alain Nadaï, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Environnement Ville Société (EVS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE)

Subjects
[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography
Abstract

International audience; This chapter offers a detailed sociological perspective on the role of investment-oriented policy instruments (subsidies, fixed tariffs, tenders) in triggering and shaping the recent development of renewable energies in three countries (France, Germany and Tunisia). Bringing together recent developments in STS (concerned markets, capitalisation), it shows that, despite their economic framing, these instruments trigger processes which deal with multiple values. They also sustain the emergence of collectives concerned with their effects – called their ‘milieu’ - which they become co-dependent upon. Such processes lead to iterative adjustments and developments that carry with them their own politics. While they sustain the emergence of political ends beyond those directly foregrounded by these instruments, they also prove to be very unevenly equipped to address emergent concerns.

Published
2018

8. New energy resources in the making

Author

Nadaï, A., Labussière, O., Vincent Banos, Chauvin, C., Béatrice Cointe, Jeoffrey Dehez, Reverdy, T., Antoine Tabourdeau, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales (PACTE), Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Environnement, territoires et infrastructures (UR ETBX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Développement des territoires montagnards (UR DTGR)

Subjects
SOCIOTECHNIQUE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, TRANSITION ÉNERGÉTIQUE, MATERIALITES
Abstract

International audience; The social sciences have foregrounded the importance of the materiality of fossil energies in the political construction of democracies. Recently, they have begun to challenge the idea that renewable energies were naturally associated with more democratic political ideals. Building on these developments and on the premise that (renewable) energy resources are not simply given as such by nature, the chapter proposes a framework to explore the material assemblage of energy resources in four different cases-wind, solar, biomass energy and distributed load shedding. Importantly, the chapter points out the diverse ways in which these resources are assembled and highlights the related political effects. It shows that the democratic dimension of renewable energies should not be regarded as one of their inherent attributes, but as a possibility that depends on their socio-material assemblage.

Published
2018

9. From a promise to a problem: The political economy of solar photovoltaics in France

Author

Béatrice Cointe, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)

Subjects
Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Tariff, publics, 7. Clean energy, Energy policy, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Politics, Market economy, Economics, politicization, Feed-in tariff, feed-in tariffs, Government, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, marketization, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, photovoltaics, Fuel Technology, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Market data, France, Economic system, Marketization, Building-integrated photovoltaics, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), energy policy
Abstract

International audience; In France as in many European countries, grid-connected photovoltaics (PV) took off between 2008 and 2010, driven by an overly attractive feed-in tariff scheme that failed to take into account the rapid evolutions of PV technologies and markets. This unexpected expansion of a policy-dependent market led to a moratorium on feed-in tariffs followed by a consultation with stakeholders in 2010-2011. This article analyses the build-up, explosion and resolution of this crisis by focusing on the market and political effects of feed-in tariffs in the years 2008 to 2011. The consultation is analysed as an attempt at the political organisation and representation of the emerging PV sector. The paper shows that it failed to constitute a reliable representation of it, and that the government addressed the difficulty to control the sector by closing down both the market and the political space. It concludes that the good functioning of feed-in tariffs requires work of market organisation as much as of political construction, since their regulation relies on market data and on political compromises.

Published
2015
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10. French Policy Localism: Surfing on ‘Positive Energie Territories’ (Tepos)

Author

Alain Nadaï, Olivier Labussiere, Ariane Debourdeau, Béatrice Cointe, Yannick Régnier, Laure Dobigny, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales (PACTE), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mutations des activités des espaces et des formes d'organisation dans les territoires ruraux (UMR METAFORT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Réseau pour la transition énergétique, Centre d'étude des techniques, des connaissances et des pratiques (CETCOPRA), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), This work was carried out with the financial support of the French Agency for the Environment and the Energy (ADEME) (Programme: ‘Mettre l’innovation sur la trajectoire du facteur 4’, Convention 11 10C 0079) and of the French National Research Agency (ANR, programme sociétés innovantes, convention 2011-SOIN-003-01, projet COLLENER)., ANR-11-SOIN-0003,COLLENER,Collectifs socio-techniques et transition énergétique(2011), ANR-12-ASTR-0028,QUIGARDE,Lasers à cascade quantiques émettant autour de 10 µm pour la détection à distance de composés gazeux(2012), Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech, Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales, Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble (IEPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Mutations des activités des espaces et des formes d'organisation dans les territoires ruraux (METAFORT), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroParisTech, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), ANR: SOIN-003-01,COLLENER,Les nouveaux collectifs socio-techniques de la transition énergétique, ANR: ADEME Convention 11 10C 0079,CLIMENCORED ,Politique CLIMat-Énergie et COmmunautés et Reseaux Energétiques Durables, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement

Subjects
020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Energy transition, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Energy policy, Politics, Grass roots initiatives, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Economics, Moral responsibility, Rural, Localism, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Environmental impact of the energy industry, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, General Energy, Framing (social sciences), Economy, Political economy, France, Rural area
Abstract

International audience; This paper is interested in sustainable energy initiatives in French rural areas. It follows up the UK debate about ‘localism’. UK policy localism has been cast as neoliberal, framing communities as competent and competitive actors, morally responsible and accountable for their destiny.In France, the emerging policy localism is surfing on an ongoing political structuration of innovative rural territories – ‘Positive Energie Territories’ (TEPOS). The paper presents and discusses the results of a rough census (undertaken in 2012) of significant experiences in this domain. It points to a few experiences and depicts them as risky, trial-and-error transcalar processes that endow locally emergent energy issues with a political dimension. To this extent, they amount to a different way of doing energy policy.The analysis points to an ambiguity in French policy localism. This localism may pave the way for an upscaling of the ongoing TEPOS political structuration, or tend to make TEPOS into demonstration territories within a neoliberal RTD policy approach. In the latter case, it may not necessarily fit territories to pursue their political structuration with a view to the energy transition.

Published
2015
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