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Summary Canine hip dysplasia is a complex developmental disease of the coxo-femoral joint and one of the most common orthopedic conditions in dogs. Due to the genetic contribution, most of the programs fighting against hip dysplasia recommend selective breeding that excludes affected dogs. In France, the phenotypic screening of coxo-femoral joint conformation remains a strategy for breeders to establish selection decisions. We compared the hip dysplasia prevalence in affected breeds over several periods of time to evaluate the effectiveness of the hip dysplasia control program in France. Seventeen breeds were studied, based on the assessment of 8022 dogs, during the 1993–2019 screening period, which was divided into several intervals for analysis. The prevalence varied widely from 8.8% (Hovawart) to 49.2% (American Staffordshire Terrier). It decreased over time in 10 breeds, the decrease being significant in the Picardy shepherd dog. An increase in prevalence was noted in 5 breeds, although the differences were not statistically significant. Our results are in accordance with several recent studies showing that long-term selection policies may help decreasing the hip dysplasia prevalence in some breeds. The complementary use of more recent tools such as estimated breeding values and genomics would probably help breeders achieve more substantive results.

Extracorporeal renal replacement therapy (ERRT) used in dogs with acute kidney injury (AKI) may be associated with hematological and hemostatic disorders. However, its characteristics are not fully described in dogs. The purpose of this pilot study was to characterize the impact of ERRT on hematological, hemostatic, and thromboelastometric parameters in dogs with AKI. We conducted a prospective observational single cohort study in 10 client-owned dogs with AKI associated leptospirosis undergoing ERRT. Results from the CBC, coagulation tests (prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times [aPTT]) and rotational thromboelastometry (TEM; intrinsic TEM [inTEM] and heparinase-based TEM [hepTEM]) were recorded before and after the first ERRT session. Blood abnormalities observed before the ERRT session included thrombocytopenia (10/10), anemia (8/10), leukocytosis (4/10), prolonged aPTT (4/10) and leukopenia (1/10). After ERRT, the platelet count decreased (−25%; P = .012) whereas leukocytes (+15%; P = .046) and aPTT (+24%; P = .006) increased. The clotting time (CT) on inTEM assay and the relative variation of CT based on inTEM and hepTEM profiles increased after the ERRT session (P = .037 and P = .048, respectively). Seven dogs, 2 dogs, and 1 dog were defined as having a normal, hypocoagulable, and hypercoagulable inTEM profile after ERRT, respectively. After ERRT, no hepTEM parameter was significantly different from before treatment. Platelet count, leukocytes, aPTT and CT were altered after the first ERRT session. Beyond the hemostatic abnormalities expected by the use of UFH, thrombocytopenia appears as the only hemostatic change after a single ERRT session in dogs with AKI.

International audience; Background: The objectives of this study were to assess the frequency of pulmonary dysfunction as a component of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in dogs with leptospirosis and to identify risk factors associated with mortality.Methods: Records of 27 dogs with leptospirosis were retrospectively reviewed. Thoracic radiographs during hospitalisation were mandatory for inclusion. A MODS was defined as the dysfunction of at least two organs or functions. Pulmonary dysfunction was defined as abnormal respiratory clinical signs associated with abnormal thoracic radiographs. Survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier product limit estimates, and differences between groups were assessed using log rank tests.Results: Twenty-one dogs (78%) exhibited a MODS. The median number of organ dysfunction was two. Ten dogs (37%) had a pulmonary dysfunction, which was always part of a MODS. The overall mortality rate was 41%. The log-rank test showed an association between mortality and pulmonary dysfunction (P = 0.04), haemostatic dysfunction (P = 0.02), gastrointestinal dysfunction (P = 0.002) and with ≥ 3 organ dysfunctions (P < 0.001).Conclusion: Pulmonary dysfunction occurred in about one third of critically ill dogs with leptospirosis and was always a component of MODS. The number of organ dysfunctions, and pulmonary, gastro-intestinal, and haemostatic dysfunctions were associated with mortality.; Propos: Ce travail avait pour objectif d’étudier le dysfonctionnement pulmonaire en tant que composante du syndrome de défaillance multiviscérale (SDM) chez les chiens atteints de leptospirose.Matériel et méthodes: Les dossiers de 27 chiens ont été examinés rétrospectivement. L’absence de radiographies thoraciques était un critère d’exclusion. Un SDM a été défini comme le dysfonctionnement d’au moins deux organes ou fonctions. Le dysfonctionnement pulmonaire était défini par la présence de signes cliniques respiratoires associés à des radiographies thoraciques anormales. La survie a été évaluée à l’aide de courbes de Kaplan-Meier.Résultats: Vingt et un chiens (78 %) ont présenté un SDM. Le nombre médian de dysfonctionnements d’organes était de deux. Dix chiens (37 %) avaient un dysfonctionnement pulmonaire qui faisait toujours partie d’un SDM. Le taux de mortalité était de 41 %. On observait une association entre la mortalité et le dysfonctionnement pulmonaire (p = 0,04), hémostatique (p = 0,02), gastro-intestinal (p = 0,002) et avec ≥ 3 dysfonctionnements d’organes (p < 0,001).Conclusion: Un dysfonctionnement pulmonaire est survenu chez environ un tiers des chiens atteints de leptospirose et a toujours été une composante du SDM. Le nombre de dysfonctionnements d’organes et les atteintes pulmonaires, gastro-intestinaux et hémostatiques étaient associés à la mortalité

OBJECTIVES To describe the use, effectiveness and tolerance of high-flow oxygen therapy in dyspnoeic dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospectively, dogs in acute respiratory distress admitted to an intensive care unit between January and May 2018 that failed to respond to nasal oxygen therapy and medical stabilisation after 30 minutes were transitioned to high-flow oxygen therapy. High-flow oxygen therapy, delivered an inspired oxygen fraction of 100% using an air/oxygen blender, active humidifier, single warmed tube and specific nasal cannula. Respiratory rate, pulse oximetry (SpO2 ), heart rate and a tolerance score were assessed every 15 minutes from T0 (under nasal oxygen) to 1 hour (T60 ), and PaO2 and PaCO2 at T0 and T60 . Complications were recorded for each dog. RESULTS Eleven dogs were included. At T60 , PaO2 , flow rate and SpO2 were significantly greater than at T0 (171 ± 123 versus 73 ± 24 mmHg; P=0.015; 18 ±12 L/minute versus 3.2 ± 2.0 L/minute, P

Changes in pharmacokinetic parameters of critically ill patients make the treatment of infections challenging, particularly when multidrug-resistant bacteria are involved. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of haemodialysis to reduce the exposure to high dose amikacin and prevent nephrotoxicity. Amikacin 50 mg/kg was administered intravenously to six adult sheep once-daily for four days. The sheep were divided into two groups according to the implementation (group 1) or not (group 2) of haemodialysis. In group 1, haemodialysis was performed for 4 h, initiated 2 h after starting amikacin infusion. Amikacin area under the curve (AUC) and trough concentrations (Cmin) were used as markers of amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity. The median haemodialysis amikacin clearance was 2.14 L/h (35.6 mL/min), 14% of the mean total body clearance for 24 h. Haemodialysis reduced Cmin (group 1: 0.3 µg/mL [0.3-1.1]; group 2: 1.4 µg/mL [1.1-3.9]; P = 0.0003). A trend towards reduced AUC with haemodialysis was observed (group 1: 1450 µg/mL⋅h [1311-1716]; group 2: 3126 µg/mL⋅h [2581-3171]; P = 0.10). In conclusion, haemodialysis seems interesting in reducing AUC and Cmin after the injection of high-dose of amikacin, parameters known to be involved in its induced nephrotoxicity, in an experimental ovine model.

Contact with the caterpillars of the pine processionary moth (CPPM) Thaumetopoea pityocampa induces severe local allergic reactions. The purpose of this large-scale retrospective cohort-study was to describe the clinical manifestations and related risk factors of CPPM exposure. This cohort-study included 109 dogs between the years of 2000 and 2016. Tongue lesions ranging from oedema to severe necrosis were observed in 94/109 dogs (86%). The following systemic signs were observed in 60/109 dogs (55%): vomiting (52/109, 48%), dyspnoea (6/109, 5%), hypovolemia (4/109, 4%) and diarrhoea (2/109, 2%). Based on the time elapsed from CPPM contact to the first oral flushing, three groups were defined:2 h (group 1, 37/105, 35%), 2 h-6 h (group 2, 39/105, 37%) and6 h (group 3, 29/105, 28%). Tongue necrosis (TN) at admission was significantly more common in the dogs in group 3 than those in groups 1 and 2 (45% vs. 5% and 5% respectively, p = 0.0002). In addition, the development of TN during hospitalisation was significantly more common in the dogs in group 3 (65%) than in those in the other groups (21% in group 1, p = 0.02) and 31% in group 2, p = 0.001). The dogs in group 3 presented a 14.63-fold higher risk of TN at admission and a 3.78-fold higher risk of developing necrosis during hospitalisation compared with the other groups. The survival rate after exposure was 97%. Long-term follow-up data were available for 69/109 dogs (63%). Twenty-three dogs (37%) had persistent, definitive TN without major consequences on quality of life. Elapsed time between contact and first oral flushing appears to be a key determinant for the progression of necrotic lesions, and the best results were observed when flushing occurred within 6 h of contact. The prognosis of CPPM envenomation is excellent, with a short hospitalisation duration.