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1. ORCHIDEE-SRC v1.0: an extension of the land surface model ORCHIDEE for simulating short rotation coppice poplar plantations

Author

Nicolas Vuichard, Reinhart Ceulemans, Anne Gobin, M.S. Verlinden, Donatella Zona, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Valentin Bellassen, L.S. Broeckx, T. De Groote, Ivan A. Janssens, Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology - Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, CDC Climat, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), De Groote, Toon, Systems Ecology, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil texture, 020209 energy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Forest management, Biomass, 02 engineering and technology, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, 010608 biotechnology, Latent heat, ORCHIDEE, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Ecosystem, SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy, Biology, Water content, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global Vegetation Model, Agroforestry, Physics, lcsh:QE1-996.5, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Carbon, lcsh:Geology, Short rotation coppice, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Ecosystem respiration
Abstract

Modelling biomass production and the environmental impact of short rotation coppice (SRC) plantations is necessary for planning their deployment, as they are becoming increasingly important for global energy production. This paper describes the modification of the widely used land surface model ORCHIDEE for stand-scale simulations of SRC plantations. The model uses weather data, soil texture and species-specific parameters to predict the aboveground (harvestable) biomass production, as well as carbon and energy fluxes of an SRC plantation. Modifications to the model were made to the management, growth, and allocation modules of ORCHIDEE. The modifications presented in this paper were evaluated using data from two Belgian poplar-based SRC sites, for which multiple measurements and meteorological data were available. Biomass yield data were collected from 23 other sites across Europe and compared to 22 simulations across a comparable geographic range. The simulations show that the model predicts very well aboveground (harvestable) biomass production (within measured ranges), ecosystem photosynthesis (R2 = 0.78, NRMSE = 0.064, PCC = 0.89) and ecosystem respiration (R2 = 0.95, NRMSE = 0.078 PCC = 0.91). Also soil temperature and soil moisture are simulated adequately, but due to the simplicity of the soil moisture simulation, there are some discrepancies, which also influence the simulation of the latent heat flux. Overall, the extended model, ORCHIDEE-SRC, proved to be a tool suitable for predicting biomass production of SRC plantations.

Published
2015
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2. Coincidence of variation in yield and climate in Europe

Author

Jørgen E. Olesen, Bernard Seguin, Ben Schaap, Anne Gobin, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Miroslav Trnka, Jerzy Kozyra, Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio, Lauri Jauhiainen, Simone Orlandini, P. Calanca, Fabio Micale, Anna Dalla Marta, Suresh Kumar, Josef Eitzinger, Arne Oddvar Skjelvåg, Henrik Eckersten, Agrifood Research Finland, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Department of Agroecology and Environment, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Air Pollution and Climate Group, Agroscope, Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Institute of Meteorology, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Environmental Modelling Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Institute of landscape systems analysis, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG), National University of Ireland (NUI), Department of Plant, Soil, and Environmental Science, University of Maine, Joint Research center, European Commission, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), and MSM6215648905

Subjects
OILSEED RAPE, Rapeseed, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Land Use and Food Security, BARLEY, drought, 01 natural sciences, agricultural meteorology, Yield (wine), Evapotranspiration, gewasopbrengst, TEMPERATURE, COLZA, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, biology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, POTATO, europa, YIELD DEVIATION, quality, weather, PRECIPITATION, Sugar beet, europe, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, WHEAT, weer, key, veldgewassen, Precipitation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, grain-growth, business.industry, variability, Crop yield, high-temperature, barley, Landgebruik en Voedselzekerheid, 15. Life on land, crop yield, biology.organism_classification, crops, field crops, Agronomy, Relative yield, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, VIARIABILITY, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, SOLAR RADIATION, Animal Science and Zoology, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, agrometeorologie, SUGAR BEET
Abstract

We aimed to characterise the coincidence of yield variations with weather variables for major field crops using long-term datasets and reveal whether there are commonalities across the European agricultural regions. Long-term national and/or regional yield datasets were used from 14 European countries (total of 25 regions). Crops studied were spring and winter barley and wheat, winter oilseed rape, potato and sugar beet. Relative yield deviations were determined for all crops. Meteorological data on monthly means for temperature variables, solar radiation, accumulated precipitation and evapotranspiration were provided for the relevant agricultural regions of each country for 1975-2008. Harmful effects of high precipitation during grain-filling in grain and seed crops and at flowering in oilseed rape were recorded. In potato reduced precipitation at tuber formation was associated with yield penalties. Elevated temperatures had harmful effects for cereals and rapeseed yields. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., JRC.H.4-Monitoring Agricultural Resources

Published
2010
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3. Rates and spatial variations of soil erosion in Europe: A study based on erosion plot data

Author

Olivier Cerdan, Maria Roxo, Svetla Rousseva, Jean Poesen, Damien Raclot, Gerard Govers, Tomáš Dostál, Anne Gobin, Ion Ionita, J. Rejman, F. J. P. M. Kwaad, Karl Auerswald, T. Muxart, Y. Le Bissonnais, K. van Oost, John Quinton, Nicolas Saby, Andreas Klik, Andrea Vacca, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Department of Geography, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Laboratoire d'étude des interactions entre sols, agrosystèmes et hydrosystèmes (LISAH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Département de Géographie, Unité INFOSOL (ORLEANS INFOSOL), Dipartimento di scienze della Terra, Universita degli Studi di Cagliari [Cagliari], Catchment and Aquatic Processes, Lancaster University, Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München [München] (TUM), Atmosphere and Environment Institute of Hydraulics and Rural WaterManagement, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna Department ofWater, Central Research Station for Soil Erosion Control (CRSSEC), Central Research Station for Soil Erosion Control, Institute of Agrophysics (PAS), Institute of Agrophysics, Soil Erosion Department, Institute of Soil Science, Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Development Geography at the Geography and Regional Planning Department, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Lisbon, Dept. of Irrigation, Drainage and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), InfoSol (InfoSol), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Faculty of Civil Engineering [Prague] (FSV CTU), Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU)-Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari (UniCa), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), and Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil texture, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Land cover, 010501 environmental sciences, Erosion plots, 01 natural sciences, Stoniness, Slope gradient, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, 2. Zero hunger, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Land use, 15. Life on land, Rill, Europe, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Erosion, Arable land, Surface runoff, Soil conservation, Geology
Abstract

Correspondance: fax: +33 238 64 35 49. E-mail address: o.cerdan@brgm.fr; International audience; An extensive database of short to medium-term erosion rates as measured on erosion plots in Europe under natural rainfallwas compiled fromthe literature. Statistical analysis confirmed the dominant influence of land use and cover on soil erosion rates. Sheet and rill erosion rates are highest on bare soil; vineyards show the second highest soil losses, followed by other arable lands (spring crops, orchards and winter crops). A land with a permanent vegetation cover (shrubs, grassland and forest) is characterised by soil losses which are generally more than an order of magnitude lower than those on arable land. Disturbance of permanent vegetation by fire leads to momentarily higher erosion rates but rates are still lower than those measured on arable land.We also noticed important regional differences in erosion rates. Erosion rates are generally much lower in the Mediterranean as compared to other areas in Europe; this is mainly attributed to the high soil stoniness in the Mediterranean.Measured erosion rates on arable and bare landwere related to topography (slope steepness and length) and soil texture, while thiswas not the case for plots with a permanent land cover. We attribute this to a fundamental difference in runoff generation and sediment transfer according to land cover types. On the basis of these resultswe calculated mean sheet and rill erosion rates for the European area covered by the CORINE database: estimated rill and interrill erosion rates are ca. 1.2 t ha−1 year−1 for the whole CORINE area and ca. 3.6 t ha−1 year−1 for arable land. These estimates are much lower than some earlier estimates which were based on the erroneous extrapolation of small datasets. High erosion rates occur in areas dominated by vineyards, the hilly loess areas in West and Central Europe and the agricultural areas located in the piedmont areas of the major European mountain ranges.

Published
2010
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4. The PESERA coarse scale erosion model for Europe. I. – Model rationale and implementation

Author

Gerard Govers, Anne Gobin, Matthias Boer, Mike Kirkby, Olivier Cerdan, Yves Le bissonnais, School of Geography [Leeds], University of Leeds, National Soil Resources Institute, Cranfield University, Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Department of Geography, and Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)

Subjects
Hydrology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil organic matter, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Soil Science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Infiltration (hydrology), Snowmelt, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Erosion, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Precipitation, Surface runoff, Soil conservation, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Transpiration
Abstract

E-mail Addresses: m.j.kirkby@leeds.ac.uk; International audience; The principles and theoretical background are presented for a new process-based model (PESERA) that is designed to estimate long-term average erosion rates at 1 km resolution and has, to date, been applied to most of Europe. The model is built around a partition of precipitation into components for overland flow (infiltration excess, saturation excess and snowmelt), evapo-transpiration and changes in soil moisture storage. Transpiration is used to drive a generic plant growth model for biomass, constrained as necessary by land use decisions, primarily on a monthly time step. Leaf fall, with corrections for cropping, grazing, etc., also drives a simple model for soil organic matter. The runoff threshold for infiltration excess overland flow depends dynamically on vegetation cover, organic matter and soil properties, varying over the year. The distribution of daily rainfall totals has been fitted to a Gamma distribution for each month, and drives overland flow and sediment transport (proportional to the sum of overland flow squared) by summing over this distribution. Total erosion is driven by erodibility, derived from soil properties, squared overland flow discharge and gradient; it is assessed at the slope base to estimate total loss from the land, and delivered to stream channels.

Published
2009
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5. Sheet and rill erosion

Author

Olivier Cerdan, John Quinton, Franz F. P. M. Kwaad, Anne Gobin, Andrea Vacca, Yves Le Bissonnais, Nicolas Saby, Jean Poesen, Karl Auerswald, Andreas Klik, Maria Roxo, Gerard Govers, Aménagement des Risques Naturels, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Physical and Regional Geography Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Cagliari, Lancaster University, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, and VU University Amsterdam

Subjects
Hydrology, Geography, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Rill erosion, BASE DE DONNEES, 01 natural sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2006

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