Search

Your search keyword '"Amadou Barry"' showing total 11 results
Start Over Author "Amadou Barry" Publisher hal ccsd
11 results on '"Amadou Barry"'

1. Unexpected deposit flows, off-balance sheet funding liquidity risk and bank loan production

Author

Thierno Amadou Barry, Alassane Diabaté, Amine Tarazi, Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Prospective Economique (LAPE), Gouvernance des Institutions et des Organisations (GIO), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)

Subjects
050208 finance, 05 social sciences, 1. No poverty, Financial system, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G2 - Financial Institutions and Services/G.G2.G21 - Banks • Depository Institutions • Micro Finance Institutions • Mortgages, Loan, 0502 economics and business, Funding liquidity, Production (economics), loan production, JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G2 - Financial Institutions and Services/G.G2.G28 - Government Policy and Regulation, Business, unexpected deposit flows, 050207 economics, off-balance sheet funding liquidity risk, Off-balance-sheet, health care economics and organizations
Abstract

In this paper, we use U.S. commercial banks' data to investigate whether the effect of unexpected deposit flows on loan production depends on banks' exposure to off-balance sheet funding liquidity risk. We find that lending is sensitive to deposit shocks at small banks but not at large ones. Furthermore, for small banks, the increase in lending explained by unexpected deposit inflows depends on how much they are exposed to funding liquidity risk stemming from their off-balance sheets, as measured by the level of unused commitments. Small banks more exposed to such funding liquidity risk tend to extend fewer new loans. Our results indicate that unexpected deposit inflows from, for instance, the failure of other banks or market disruptions might not as easily be fueled again to borrowers.

Published
2020

2. Market liquidity shortage and banks' capital structure and balance sheet adjustments: evidence from U.S. commercial Banks

Author

Alassane Diabaté, Thierno Amadou Barry, Amine Tarazi, Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Prospective Economique (LAPE), Gouvernance des Institutions et des Organisations (GIO), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)

Subjects
040101 forestry, 050208 finance, Capital structure, 05 social sciences, 1. No poverty, Economic shortage, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Monetary economics, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Dividend payment, Market liquidity, Capital adequacy ratio, JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G2 - Financial Institutions and Services/G.G2.G21 - Banks • Depository Institutions • Micro Finance Institutions • Mortgages, 8. Economic growth, 0502 economics and business, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Total capital, Balance sheet, JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G2 - Financial Institutions and Services/G.G2.G28 - Government Policy and Regulation, Business, Capitalization, health care economics and organizations
Abstract

Using quarterly data of U.S. commercial banks, we investigate the impact of market liquidity shortages on banks' capitalization and balance sheet adjustments. Our findings reveal that an acute liquidity shortage leads small U.S. commercial banks, but not large ones, to positively adjust their total capital ratio. Small banks adjust their total capital ratio by downsizing, by restricting dividend payments, by decreasing the share of assets with higher risk weights and specifically by extending less loans. Furthermore, the positive impact on total capital ratios is stronger for small banks which are more reliant on market liquidity and small banks operating below their target capital ratio.

Published
2019

3. Optimal mode for delivery of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in Ouelessebougou, Mali: A cluster randomized trial

Author

Issaka Sagara, Patrick E. Duffy, Tiangoua Traore, Djibrilla Issiaka, Ogobara K. Doumbo, Alassane Dicko, Diakalia Koné, Amadou Barry, Almahamoudou Mahamar, Boubacar Diarra, Michal Fried, Malaria Research and Training Center [Bamako, Mali], Université de Bamako, Reference Health Center of the district of Ouelessebougou [Ouelessebougou, Mali], National Malaria Control Program [Bamako, Mali], Laboratory of Malaria Immunologyand Vaccinology [Rockville, MD, USA] (NIAID/NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), This work was funded by the U.S. President's Malaria Initiative through the USAID Partnerships for Enhanced Engagement in Research program implemented by The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (subgrant contract # 2000004198) to AD (http://sites.nationalacademies.org/PGA/PEER/PEERhealth/PGA_087173). Additional support was provided by the Intramural Research Program of NIAID-NIH to PD and MF., and Dupuis, Christine

Subjects
Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Cross-sectional study, Cancer Treatment, lcsh:Medicine, Mali, law.invention, Geographical Locations, Families, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Clinical endpoint, Medicine and Health Sciences, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cluster randomised controlled trial, lcsh:Science, Children, Multidisciplinary, Pharmaceutics, Drugs, Infectious Diseases, Oncology, Child, Preschool, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, Seasons, medicine.drug, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Drug Administration, Infectious Disease Control, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, 030231 tropical medicine, Mothers, Amodiaquine, Chemoprevention, 03 medical and health sciences, Antimalarials, Pharmacotherapy, Drug Therapy, Internal medicine, medicine, Parasitic Diseases, Humans, Directly Observed Therapy, Pharmacology, business.industry, lcsh:R, Infant, medicine.disease, Tropical Diseases, Malaria, Cross-Sectional Studies, Age Groups, People and Places, Africa, lcsh:Q, Population Groupings, business, Delivery of Health Care
Abstract

Background Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC), the administration of complete therapeutic courses of antimalarials to children aged 3–59 months during the malaria transmission season, is a new strategy recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for malaria control in Sahelian countries such as Mali with seasonal transmission. The strategy is a highly cost-effective approach to reduce malaria burden in these areas. Despite the substantial benefits of SMC on malaria infection and disease, the optimal approach to deliver SMC remains to be determined. While fixed-point delivery (FPD) and non-directly observed treatment (NDOT) by community health workers are logistically attractive, these need to be evaluated and compared to other modes of delivery for maximal coverage. Methods To determine the optimal mode fixed-point (FPD) vs door-to-door delivery (DDD); directly observed treatment (DOT) vs. non- directly observed treatment (NDOT)), 31 villages in four health sub-districts were randomized to receive three rounds of SMC with Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus Amodiaquine (SP+AQ) at monthly intervals using one of the following methods: FPD+DOT; FPD+NDOT; DDD+DOT; DDD+NDOT. The primary endpoint was SMC coverage assessed by cross-sectional survey of 2,035 children at the end of intervention period. Results Coverage defined as the proportion of children who received all three days of SMC treatment during the three monthly rounds based information collected by interview (primary endpoint) was significantly higher in children who received SMC using DDD 74% (95% CI 69% - 80%) compared to FPD 60% (95% CI 50% - 70%); p = 0.009. It was similar in children who received SMC using DOT or NDOT 65%, (95% CI 55% - 76%) versus 68% (95% CI 57% - 79%); p = 0.72. Conclusions In summary, door-to-door delivery of SMC provides better coverage than FPD. Directly observed therapy, which requires more time and resources, did not improve coverage with SMC. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02646410

Published
2018

4. The Impact of Governance and Institutional Quality on MFI Outreach and Financial Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa

Author

Ruth Tacneng, Thierno Amadou Barry, Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Prospective Economique (LAPE), Gouvernance des Institutions et des Organisations (GIO), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)

Subjects
sub-Saharan Africa, Economics and Econometrics, Economic growth, Sub saharan, Sociology and Political Science, 050204 development studies, Geography, Planning and Development, Development, law.invention, law, 0502 economics and business, Development economics, institutional quality, outreach, 050207 economics, Microfinance, Financial performance, Corporate governance, 05 social sciences, 1. No poverty, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, microfinance, Rule of law, Outreach, NGOs, Incentive, governance, Business, Institutional quality
Abstract

International audience; his paper examines whether shareholder-owned MFIs financially and socially perform better than NGOs in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We also investigate the role of institutional quality in altering MFIs' incentives and behavior in determining outreach. Our results indicate that NGOs are more profitable and have better outreach than banks and cooperatives. While a weak rule of law favors relationship-based exchanges and thus, results in NGO superiority, stronger institutional quality may encourage banks to cater to more borrowers, hence, shareholder-owned MFIs do not socially perform differently from NGOs. Overall, this study shows that NGOs are the best conduits of microfinance in SSA.

Published
2014

5. Ownership Structure and Bank Efficiency in the asia pacific region

Author

Santos José O. Dacanay, Laetitia Lepetit, Thierno Amadou Barry, Amine Tarazi, Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Prospective Economique (LAPE), Gouvernance des Institutions et des Organisations (GIO), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Institute of management, and University of the Philippines (UP System)

Subjects
Economic growth, 050208 finance, Cross country, 05 social sciences, 1. No poverty, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Shareholder, 0502 economics and business, 8. Economic growth, Data envelopment analysis, Asian country, Philippines Management Review, Demographic economics, East Asia, Business, 050203 business & management
Abstract

This paper focuses on efficiency measures of banks from six countries in Southeast and East Asia. We use a two-stage approach to study the post-crisis period 1999-2004. We first estimate technical efficiencies using Data Envelopment Analysis and test for cross-country differences. Efficiency scores are relatively high for South Korea and relatively low for the Philippines. We then investigate the link between ownership structure and efficiency controlling for various factors such as size, risk and the economic environment. We find that efficiency scores are higher for banks which are held by minority private shareholders and banks that are foreign-owned.

Published
2008

6. ABO blood types and SARS-CoV-2 infection assessed using seroprevalence data in a large population-based sample: the SAPRIS-SERO multi-cohort study

Author

Deschasaux-Tanguy, Mélanie, Szabo de Edelenyi, Fabien, Druesne-Pecollo, Nathalie, Esseddik, Younes, Allègre, Julien, Srour, Bernard, Galan, Pilar, Hercberg, Serge, Severi, Gianluca, Zins, Marie, Wiernik, Emmanuel, de Lamballerie, Xavier, Carrat, Fabrice, Touvier, Mathilde, Equipe 3: EREN- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (CRESS - U1153), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and SAPRIS-SERO study group: Fabrice Carrat, Pierre-Yves Ancel, Nathalie Bajos, Marie-Aline Charles, Gianluca Severi, Mathilde Touvier, Marie Zins, Sofiane Kab, Adeline Renuy, Stéphane Le Got, Céline Ribet, Mireille Pellicer, Emmanuel Wiernik, Marcel Goldberg, Marie Zins, Fanny Artaud, Pascale Gerbouin-Rérolle, Mélody Enguix, Camille Laplanche, Roselyn Gomes-Rimav, Lyan Hoang, Emmanuelle Correia, Alpha Amadou Barry, Nadège Senina, Gianluca Severi, Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi, Julien Allègre, Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo, Younes Esseddik, Serge Hercberg, Mathilde Touvier, Marie-Aline Charles, Pierre-Yves Ancel, Valérie Benhammou, Anass Ritmi, Laetitia Marchand, Cecile Zaros, Elodie Lordmi, Adriana Candea, Sophie de Visme, Thierry Simeon, Xavier Thierry, Bertrand Geay, Marie-Noelle Dufourg, Karen Milcent, Clovis Lusivika-Nzinga, Gregory Pannetier, Nathanael Lapidus, Isabelle Goderel, Céline Dorival, Jérôme Nicol, Olivier Robineau, Fabrice Carrat, Cindy Lai, Liza Belhadji, Hélène Esperou, Sandrine Couffin-Cadiergues, Jean-Marie Gagliolo, Hélène Blanché, Jean-Marc Sébaoun, Jean-Christophe Beaudoin, Laetitia Gressin, Valérie Morel, Ouissam Ouili, Jean-François Deleuze, Stéphane Priet, Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel, Toscane Fourié, Souand Mohamed Ali, Abdenour Amroun, Morgan Seston, Nazli Ayhan, Boris Pastorino, Xavier de Lamballerie

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract

International audience; Abstract ABO blood type has been reported as a potential factor influencing SARS-CoV-2 infection, but so far mostly in studies that involved small samples, selected population and/or used PCR test results. In contrast our study aimed to assess the association between ABO blood types and SARS-CoV-2 infection using seroprevalence data (independent of whether or not individuals had symptoms or sought for testing) in a large population-based sample. Our study included 67,340 French participants to the SAPRIS-SERO multi-cohort project. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected using ELISA (targeting the proteins spike (S) and nucleocapsid (NP)) and seroneutralisation (SN) tests on dried blood spots collected in May–November 2020. Non-O individuals (and especially types A and AB) were more likely to bear anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (ELISA-S, 2964 positive cases: OR non-Ovs.O = 1.09[1.01–1.17], OR Avs.O = 1.08[1.00–1.17]; ELISA-S/ELISA-NP/SN, 678 triple positive cases: OR non-Ovs.O = 1.19 [1.02–1.39], OR Avs.O = 1.19[1.01–1.41], OR ABvs.O = 1.43[1.01–2.03]). Hence, our results provided additional insights into the dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting a higher susceptibility of infection for individuals of blood types A and AB and a lesser risk for blood type O.

Published
2023

7. Association of Self-reported COVID-19 Infection and SARS-CoV-2 Serology Test Results with Persistent Physical Symptoms among French Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Gianluca Severi, Fabrice Carrat, Clément Gouraud, Hélène Blanché, Marcel Goldberg, Olivier Robineau, Cédric Lemogne, Nicolas Hoertel, Emmanuel Wiernik, Xavier de Lamballerie, Jean-François Deleuze, Mathilde Touvier, Joane Matta, Marie Zins, Brigitte Ranque, Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université de Paris (UP), Evaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales - ULR 2694 (METRICS), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Fondation Jean Dausset - Centre d’Etudes du Polymorphisme Humain [Paris] (CEPH), Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital Corentin Celton [Issy-les-Moulineaux], Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences de Paris (IPNP - U1266 Inserm), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), ANR-10-COHO-06, ANR-20-COVI-000, 20RR052-00, AstraZeneca, Merck Sharp and Dohme, MSD, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: 20DMIA014-0, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM: C20-26, Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Santé, H. Lundbeck A/S, Funding/Support: The CONSTANCES cohort benefits from grant ANR-11-INBS-0002 from the French National Research Agency. CONSTANCES is supported by the Caisse Nationale d’Assurance Maladie, the French Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Research, and the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM). CONSTANCES is also partly funded by AstraZeneca, Lundbeck, L’Oréal, and Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. The Santé, Pratiques, Relations et Inégalités Socials en Population Générale Pendant la Crise COVID-19 (SAPRIS) and SAPRIS-Sérologie (SERO) study was supported by grants ANR-10-COHO-06 and ANR-20-COVI-000 from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche, grant 20DMIA014-0 from Santé Publique France, grant 20RR052-00 from the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, and grant C20-26 from INSERM., reported personal fees and nonfinancial support from Gilead, ViiV Healthcare, and Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp outside the submitted work. Dr Carrat reported personal fees from Sanofi outside the submitted work. Dr de Lamballerie reported grants from the French Ministry of Research and the French Institute of Health and Medical Research during the conduct of the study. Dr Hoertel reported personal fees and nonfinancial support, Santé, Pratiques, Relations et Inégalités Sociales en Population Générale Pendant la Crise COVID-19–Sérologie (SAPRIS-SERO) Study Group: Sofiane Kab, Adeline Renuy, Stephane Le-Got, Celine Ribet, Emmanuel Wiernik, Marcel Goldberg, Marie Zins, Fanny Artaud, Pascale Gerbouin-Rérolle, Mélody Enguix, Camille Laplanche, Roselyn Gomes-Rima, Lyan Hoang, Emmanuelle Correia, Alpha Amadou Barry, Nadège Senina, Gianluca Severi, Julien Allegre, Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi, Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo, Younes Esseddik, Serge Hercberg, Mathilde Touvier, Marie-Aline Charles, Pierre-Yves Ancel, Valérie Benhammou, Anass Ritmi, Laetitia Marchand, Cécile Zaros, Elodie Lordmi, Adriana Candea, Sophie de Visme, Thierry Simeon, Xavier Thierry, Bertrand Geay, Marie-Noelle Dufourg, Karen Milcent, Delphine Rahib, Nathalie Lydie, Clovis Lusivika-Nzinga, Gregory Pannetier, Nathanael Lapidus, Isabelle Goderel, Céline Dorival, Jérôme Nicol, Fabrice Carrat, Cindy Lai, Liza Belhadji, Hélène Esperou, Sandrine Couffin-Cadiergues, Jean-Marie Gagliolo, Hélène Blanché, Jean-Marc Sébaoun, Jean-Christophe Beaudoin, Laetitia Gressin, Valérie Morel, Ouissam Ouili, Jean-François Deleuze, Laetitia Ninove, Stéphane Priet, Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel, Toscane Fourié, Souand Mohamed Ali, Abdenour Amroun, Morgan Seston, Nazli Ayhan, Boris Pastorino, Xavier de Lamballerie, ANR-11-INBS-0002,CONSTANCES,La cohorte CONSTANCES - Infrastructure épidémiologique ouverte pour la recherche et la surveillance(2011), ANR-10-COHO-0006,E4N,Etude Epidémiologique des Enfants de femmes de l'Education Nationale(2010), ANR-20-COVI-0009,SAPRIS,Santé, perception, pratiques, relations et inégalités sociales en population générale pendant la crise COVID-19(2020), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), HAL UVSQ, Équipe, Infrastructures - La cohorte CONSTANCES - Infrastructure épidémiologique ouverte pour la recherche et la surveillance - - CONSTANCES2011 - ANR-11-INBS-0002 - INBS - VALID, Cohortes - Etude Epidémiologique des Enfants de femmes de l'Education Nationale - - E4N2010 - ANR-10-COHO-0006 - COHO - VALID, and Santé, perception, pratiques, relations et inégalités sociales en population générale pendant la crise COVID-19 - - SAPRIS2020 - ANR-20-COVI-0009 - COVID-19 - VALID

Subjects
education.field_of_study, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Disease, Odds ratio, Logistic regression, Serology, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Clinical research, Quality of life, Internal medicine, Cohort, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Educational Measurement, education, business, Original Investigation
Abstract

International audience; Importance: After an infection by SARS-CoV-2, many patients present with persistent physical symptoms that may impair their quality of life. Beliefs regarding the causes of these symptoms may influence their perception and promote maladaptive health behaviors. Objective: To examine the associations of self-reported COVID-19 infection and SARS-CoV-2 serology test results with persistent physical symptoms (eg, fatigue, breathlessness, or impaired attention) in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design, Setting, and Participants: Participants in this cross-sectional analysis were 26823 individuals from the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort, included between 2012 and 2019, who took part in the nested SAPRIS and SAPRIS-SERO surveys. Between May and November 2020, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Between December 2020 and January 2021, the participants reported whether they believed they had experienced COVID-19 infection and had physical symptoms during the previous 4 weeks that had persisted for at least 8 weeks. Participants who reported having an initial COVID-19 infection only after completing the serology test were excluded. Main Outcomes and Measures: Logistic regressions for each persistent symptom as the outcome were computed in models including both self-reported COVID-19 infection and serology test results and adjusting for age, sex, income, and educational level. Results: Of 35852 volunteers invited to participate in the study, 26823 (74.8%) with complete data were included in the present study (mean [SD] age, 49.4 [12.9] years; 13731 women [51.2%]). Self-reported infection was positively associated with persistent physical symptoms, with odds ratios ranging from 1.39 (95% CI, 1.03-1.86) to 16.37 (95% CI, 10.21-26.24) except for hearing impairment (odds ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.82-2.55) and sleep problems (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.89-1.46). A serology test result positive for SARS-COV-2 was positively associated only with persistent anosmia (odds ratio, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.66-4.46), even when restricting the analyses to participants who attributed their symptoms to COVID-19 infection. Further adjusting for self-rated health or depressive symptoms yielded similar results. There was no significant interaction between belief and serology test results. Conclusions and Relevance: The findings of this cross-sectional analysis of a large, population-based French cohort suggest that persistent physical symptoms after COVID-19 infection may be associated more with the belief in having been infected with SARS-CoV-2 than with having laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection. Further research in this area should consider underlying mechanisms that may not be specific to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. A medical evaluation of these patients may be needed to prevent symptoms due to another disease being erroneously attributed to "long COVID.".

Published
2022

8. Nutritional risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection: a prospective study within the NutriNet-Santé cohort

Author

Deschasaux-Tanguy, Mélanie, Srour, Bernard, Bourhis, Laurent, Arnault, Nathalie, Druesne-Pecollo, Nathalie, Esseddik, Younes, de Edelenyi, Fabien Szabo, Allègre, Julien, Allès, Benjamin, Andreeva, Valentina A., Baudry, Julia, Fezeu, Leopold K., Galan, Pilar, Julia, Chantal, Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle, Péneau, Sandrine, Hercberg, Serge, Bajos, Nathalie, Severi, Gianluca, Zins, Marie, de Lamballerie, Xavier, Carrat, Fabrice, Touvier, Mathilde, Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Equipe 3: EREN- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (CRESS - U1153), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les enjeux Sociaux - sciences sociales, politique, santé (IRIS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), The SAPRIS/SAPRIS-SERO projects received funding from ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche, #ANR-20-COVI-000, #ANR-10-COHO-06), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (#20RR052-00), and Inserm (InstitutNational de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, #C20-26). The NutriNetSanté cohort study was supported by the following public institutions: Ministère de la Santé, Santé Publique France, Institut National de la Santé et de laRecherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM) and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord. Study investigators are independent from the funders. Funders had no role in the study design, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, the writing of themanuscript, or the decision to submit the article for publication., SAPRIS-SERO study group: Fabrice Carrat, Pierre-Yves Ancel, Nathalie Bajos, Marie-Aline Charles, Gianluca Severi, Mathilde Touvier, Marie Zins, Sofiane Kab, Adeline Renuy, Stephane Le-Got, Celine Ribet, Emmanuel Wiernik, Marcel Goldberg, Marie Zins, Fanny Artaud, Pascale Gerbouin-Rérolle, Mélody Enguix, Camille Laplanche, Roselyn Gomes-Rima, Lyan Hoang, Emmanuelle Correia, Alpha Amadou Barry, Nadège Senina, Gianluca Severi, Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi, Julien Allègre, Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo, Younes Esseddik, Serge Hercberg, Mathilde Touvier, Marie-Aline Charles, Pierre-Yves Ancel, Valérie Benhammou, Anass Ritmi, Laetitia Marchand, Cecile Zaros, Elodie Lordmi, Adriana Candea, Sophie de Visme, Thierry Simeon, Xavier Thierry, Bertrand Geay, Marie-Noelle Dufourg, Karen Milcent, Clovis Lusivika-Nzinga, Gregory Pannetier, Nathanael Lapidus, Isabelle Goderel, Céline Dorival, Jérôme Nicol, Fabrice Carrat, Cindy Lai, Hélène Esperou, Sandrine Couffin-Cadiergues, Jean-Marie Gagliolo, Hélène Blanché, Jean-Marc Sébaoun, Jean-Christophe Beaudoin, Laetitia Gressin, Valérie Morel, Ouissam Ouili, Jean-François Deleuze, Stéphane Priet, Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel, Toscane Fourié, Souand Mohamed Ali, Abdenour Amroun, Morgan Seston, Nazli Ayhan, Boris Pastorino, Xavier de Lamballerie, European Project: 637408,NHMRC::Early Career Fellowships(2010), Malbec, Odile, INSERM - - NHMRC::Early Career Fellowships2010-01-01 - 2010-12-31 - 637408 - VALID, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université de Paris (UP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and ANR-20-COVI-0009,SAPRIS,Santé, perception, pratiques, relations et inégalités sociales en population générale pendant la crise COVID-19(2020)

Subjects
Adult, Male, SARS-CoV-2, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], COVID-19, Seroprevalence, Vitamins, Middle Aged, Diet, Cohort Studies, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Risk Factors, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Humans, Female, Prospective Studies, Cohort study, Pandemics, Research Article
Abstract

Background Nutritional factors are essential for the functioning of the immune system and could therefore play a role in COVID-19 but evidence is needed. Our objective was to study the associations between diet and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large population-based sample. Methods Our analyses were conducted in the French prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort study (2009–2020). Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was assessed by ELISA on dried blood spots. Dietary intakes were derived from repeated 24 h dietary records (at least 6) in the two years preceding the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in France (February 2020). Multi-adjusted logistic regression models were computed. Results A total of 7766 adults (70.3% women, mean age: 60.3 years) were included, among which 311 were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Dietary intakes of vitamin C (OR for 1 SD=0.86 (0.75–0.98), P=0.02), vitamin B9 (OR=0.84 (0.72–0.98), P=0.02), vitamin K (OR=0.86 (0.74–0.99), P=0.04), fibers (OR=0.84 (0.72–0.98), P=0.02), and fruit and vegetables (OR=0.85 (0.74–0.97), P=0.02) were associated to a decreased probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection while dietary intakes of calcium (OR=1.16 (1.01–1.35), P=0.04) and dairy products (OR=1.19 (1.06–1.33), P=0.002) associated to increased odds. No association was detected with other food groups or nutrients or with the overall diet quality. Conclusions Higher dietary intakes of fruit and vegetables and, consistently, of vitamin C, folate, vitamin K and fibers were associated with a lower susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Beyond its established role in the prevention of non-communicable diseases, diet could therefore also contribute to prevent some infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12916-021-02168-1.

Published
2021

9. Age, COVID-19-like symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity profiles after the first wave of the pandemic in France

Author

Fabrice, Carrat, Nathanael, Lapidus, Laetitia, Ninove, Hélène, Blanché, Delphine, Rahib, Paola Mariela, Saba Villarroel, Mathilde, Touvier, Gianluca, Severi, Marie, Zins, Jean-François, Deleuze, Xavier, de Lamballerie, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Fondation Jean Dausset CEPH, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre National de Génotypage (CNG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), SAPRIS-SERO study group: Fabrice Carrat, Pierre-Yves Ancel, Marie-Aline Charles, Gianluca Severi, Mathilde Touvier, Marie Zins, Nathalie Bajos, Florence Jusot, Claude Martin, Laurence Meyer, Ariane Pailhé, Alexandra Rouquette, Alexis Spire, Sofiane Kab, Adeline Renuy, Stephane Le-Got, Celine Ribet, Emmanuel Wiernik, Marcel Goldberg, Fanny Artaud, Pascale Gerbouin-Rérolle, Mélody Enguix, Camille Laplanche, Roselyn Gomes-Rima, Lyan Hoang, Emmanuelle Correia, Alpha Amadou Barry, Nadège Senina, Julien Allegre, Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi, Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo, Younes Esseddik, Serge Hercberg, Valérie Benhammou, Anass Ritmi, Laetitia Marchand, Cecile Zaros, Elodie Lordmi, Adriana Candea, Sophie de Visme, Thierry Simeon, Xavier Thierry, Bertrand Geay, Marie-Noelle Dufourg, Karen Milcent, Delphine Rahib, Nathalie Lydie, Clovis Lusivika-Nzinga, Gregory Pannetier, Nathanael Lapidus, Isabelle Goderel, Céline Dorival, Jérôme Nicol, Cindy Lai, Liza Belhadji, Hélène Esperou, Sandrine Couffin-Cadiergues, Jean-Marie Gagliolo, Hélène Blanché, Jean-Marc Sébaoun, Jean-Christophe Beaudoin, Laetitia Gressin, Valérie Morel, Ouissam Ouili, Jean-François Deleuze, Laetitia Ninove, Stéphane Priet, Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel, Toscane Fourié, Souand Mohamed Ali, Abdenour Amroun, Morgan Seston, Nazli Ayhan, Boris Pastorino, Xavier de Lamballerie, ANR-20-COV5-0005,COVID-SeroPRIM,Séroprévalence des IgG dirigées contre le SARS-CoV-2 chez les professionnels de santé en soins primaires et leurs contacts familiaux.(2020), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université de Paris (UP), and Gestionnaire, HAL Sorbonne Université 5

Subjects
Adult, SARS-CoV-2, Brief Report, Serologic profile, Cohort, COVID-19, General population, Middle Aged, Antibodies, Viral, Neutralizing antibodies, Cohort Studies, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Humans, Pandemics
Abstract

Background The interplay between age and symptoms intensity on antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been studied in a general population setting. Methods We explored the serologic profile of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after the first wave of the pandemic, by assessing IgG against the spike protein (ELISA-S), IgG against the nucleocapsid protein (ELISA-NP) and neutralizing antibodies (SN) in 82,126 adults from a French population-based multi-cohort study. Results ELISA-S positivity was increased in 30- to 49-year-old adults (8.5%) compared to other age groups (5.6% in 20- to 29-year-olds, 2.8% in ≥ 50-year-olds). In the 3681 ELISA-S positive participants, ELISA-NP and SN positivity exhibited a U-shaped relationship with age, with a lower rate in 30- to 49-year-old adults, and was strongly associated with COVID-19-like symptoms. Conclusion Our study confirms the independent role of age and symptoms on the serologic profile of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, but the non-linear relationship with age deserves further investigation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s15010-021-01731-5.

Published
2021

10. Do not neglect SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization and fatality risks in the middle-aged adult population

Author

Xavier de Lamballerie, Daniel Lévy-Bruhl, Mathilde Touvier, Simon Cauchemez, Juliette Paireau, Gianluca Severi, Fabrice Carrat, Nathanael Lapidus, Marie Zins, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Equipe 3: EREN- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (CRESS - U1153), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Paris (UP), Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université de Paris (UP), The SAPRIS-SERO study was supported by Agence Nationale de la Recherche, #ANR-10-COHO-06, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (#20RR052-00), Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), #C20-26., The SAPRIS-SERO study group Sofiane Kab, Adeline Renuy, Stephane Le-Got, Celine Ribet, Emmanuel Wiernik, Marcel Goldberg, Marie Zins (Constances cohort). Fanny Artaud, Pascale Gerbouin-Rérolle, Mélody Enguix, Camille Laplanche, Roselyn Gomes-Rima, Lyan Hoang, Emmanuelle Correia, Alpha Amadou Barry, Nadège Senina, Gianluca Severi (E3N-E4 N cohort). Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi, Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo, Younes Esseddik, Serge Hercberg, Mathilde Touvier (NutriNet-Santé cohort). Marie-Aline Charles, Pierre-Yves Ancel, Valérie Benhammou, Anass Ritmi, Laetitia Marchand, Cecile Zaros, Elodie Lordmi, Adriana Candea, Sophie de Visme, Thierry Simeon, Xavier Thierry, Bertrand Geay, Marie-Noelle Dufourg, Karen Milcent (Epipage2 and Elfe child cohorts). Clovis Lusivika-Nzinga, Gregory Pannetier, Nathanael Lapidus, Frédéric Chau, Isabelle Goderel, Céline Dorival, Jérôme Nicol, Fabrice Carrat (IPLESP–methodology and coordinating data center). Cindy Lai, Hélène Esperou, Sandrine Couffin-Cadiergues (Inserm). Jean-Marie Gagliolo (Institut de Santé Publique). Hélène Blanché, Jean-Marc Sébaoun, Jean-Christophe Beaudoin, Laetitia Gressin, Valérie Morel, Ouissam Ouili, Jean-François Deleuze (Fondation Jean-Dausset, CEPH-Biobank). Stéphane Priet, Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel, Toscane Fourié, Souand Mohamed Ali, Abdenour Amroun, Morgan Seston, Nazli Ayhan, Boris Pastorino, Xavier de Lamballerie (Unité des Virus Émergents)., ANR-10-COHO-0006,E4N,Etude Epidémiologique des Enfants de femmes de l'Education Nationale(2010), HAL-SU, Gestionnaire, Cohortes - Etude Epidémiologique des Enfants de femmes de l'Education Nationale - - E4N2010 - ANR-10-COHO-0006 - COHO - VALID, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Male, Adult, Age-Specific Death Rate, Short Communication, media_common.quotation_subject, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Population, Risk Assessment, Neglect, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Pandemic, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, education, Aged, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, Aged, 80 and over, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Incidence (epidemiology), COVID-19, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Hospitalization, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Relative risk, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, Age Specific Death Rate, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, business, Risk assessment, Demography
Abstract

Highlights • During the first wave of the pandemic in France, the estimated overall infection hospitalization ratio (IHR, probability of hospitalization in infected adults) was 2.7%. • At that time, the estimated overall infection fatality ratio (IFR, probability of death in infected adults) was 0.49%. • Both IHR and IFR were higher in men. • IHR approximately doubled every 10 years while IFR doubled every 5 years. • IFR should not be neglected, even in young and middle-aged adults (0.042% in individuals aged 40-50 years)., Objectives This study aimed at estimating the SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalization (IHR) and infection fatality ratios (IFR) in France. Patients and methods A serosurvey was conducted in 9782 subjects from the two French regions with the highest incidence of COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic and coupled with surveillance data. Results IHR and IFR were 2.7% and 0.49% overall. Both were higher in men and increased exponentially with age. The relative risks of hospitalization and death were 2.1 (95% CI: 1.9-2.3) and 3.8 (2.4-4.2) per 10-year increase, meaning that IHR and IFR approximately doubled every 10 and 5 years, respectively. They were dramatically high in the very elderly (80-90 years: IHR: 26%, IFR: 9.2%), and also substantial in younger adults (40-50 years: IHR: 0.98%, IFR: 0.042%). Conclusions These findings support the need for comprehensive preventive measures to help reduce the spread of the virus, even in young or middle-aged adults.

Published
2021

11. Trois essais sur la composition des conseils d'administration et leur contribution à une gouvernance d'entreprise efficace

Author

Tran, Ha Thu, Laboratoire d'Analyse et de Prospective Economique (LAPE), Gouvernance des Institutions et des Organisations (GIO), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Université de Limoges, Laetitia Lepetit, Thierno Amadou Barry, and STAR, ABES

Subjects
Performance d’entreprise, Valorisation de marché, Gender quotas, Quotas par sexe, Firm performance, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Market valuation
Abstract

His thesis aims to provide some answers to the question of what makes a board effective in carrying out its monitoring and advising functions. In Chapter 1, we examine whether board structures that include directors that are related to minority shareholders can be an effective corporate governance mechanism to limit expropriation by controlling shareholders, without exacerbating risk. We focus our empirical analysis of this chapter on banks with a concentrated ownership structure. We find that the inclusion of such minority directors does indeed increase the effectiveness of bank boards, as it results in higher market valuations, without increasing risk. Chapter 2 complements the first chapter to determine the factors, at the bank and at the country level, that could favor the presence of minority directors on bank boards. We find that: (i) the voting rights of controlling shareholders, the quality of recommendations for boards of directors in Corporate Governance Codes and higher shareholder protection are factors that promote the presence of minority directors on bank boards; (ii) the degree of opacity and stronger supervisory regimes reduce the presence of minority directors on bank boards. Our work suggests that bank authorities should recommend banks with concentrated ownership structure to include a minimum of minority directors in their board. In Chapter 3, we investigate the impact of gender quotas on firm performance and corporate decisions using Belgium, France and Italy as a natural experiment. Our statistical analysis shows that the percentage of female directors significantly increases, and board members characteristics significantly change after the implementation of the gender quota. The results of our empirical analysis show evidence that gender quotas do not have a significant impact on both firm outcomes and corporate decisions. Our findings support the decision of policy-makers to use mandatory rules to force firm to achieve gender balance on corporate boards. Our results suggest that policy-makers create unrealistic expectations for women to boost firm performance, at least in the short-run when negative side effects of mandatory rules are potentially strongest., L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier quelle composition du conseil d’administration permet d’assurer l’efficacité de ses fonctions de surveillance et de conseil. Dans le chapitre 1, nous étudions si la présence d’administrateurs qui sont liés à des actionnaires minoritaires peut constituer un mécanisme efficace de gouvernance d'entreprise pour limiter l'expropriation par les actionnaires majoritaires, sans exacerber les risques. L’étude empirique de ce chapitre est réalisée sur un échantillon de banques avec un actionnariat concentré. Les résultats indiquent que la présence d’administrateurs minoritaires permet d’augmenter l'efficacité du conseil d'administration des banques dans la mesure où elle entraîne une valorisation de marché plus élevée, sans augmentation du risque. Le chapitre 2 complète le premier chapitre afin de déterminer les facteurs, tant au niveau de la banque que du pays, qui peuvent favoriser la présence d’administrateurs minoritaires dans les conseils de banque. Les résultats montrent que: (i) l’importance des droits de vote des actionnaires majoritaires, la qualité des recommandations envers le conseil d'administration dans les codes de gouvernance d'entreprise et le niveau de protection des actionnaires sont des facteurs qui favorisent la présence d’administrateurs minoritaires au sein des conseils des banques; (ii) des régimes de surveillance stricts et une forte opacité réduisent la présence d’administrateurs minoritaires dans les conseils d'administration des banques. Nos travaux suggèrent que les autorités bancaires devraient recommander aux banques avec un actionnariat concentré d'inclure un minimum d’administrateurs minoritaires dans leur conseil d'administration. Dans le chapitre 3, nous examinons l'impact de l’imposition d’un quota minimum de membres de chaque sexe sur la performance des entreprises et leurs décisions, en prenant le cas de la Belgique, la France et l'Italie comme expérience naturelle. Notre analyse statistique montre que le pourcentage de femmes augmente de manière significative et que les caractéristiques des membres du conseil d’administration changent considérablement après la mise en place du quota. Les résultats empiriques montrent que les quotas n’ont pas d’impact significatif sur la performance des entreprises et leurs décisions. Nos résultats appuient la mise en place d’un quota afin d’assurer une représentation équilibrée des hommes et des femmes au sein des conseils d’administration des entreprises. Ils montrent cependant que les régulateurs créent des attentes irréalistes quant à la capacité des femmes à améliorer les performances des entreprises, du moins à court terme lorsque les effets négatifs de l’imposition d’un quota sont potentiellement les plus importants.

Published
2018

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results