Search

Your search keyword '"A. J. Dolman"' showing total 12 results
Start Over Author "A. J. Dolman" Publisher hal ccsd
12 results on '"A. J. Dolman"'

1. The consolidated European synthesis of CO2 emissions and removals for the European Union and United Kingdom: 1990–2018

Author

Ronny Lauerwald, A.M.R. Petrescu, Matthew J. McGrath, Pete Smith, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Giacomo Grassi, Juraj Balkovic, Guillaume Monteil, Saqr Munassar, Ute Karstens, Patrick Brockmann, Philippe Peylin, Glen P. Peters, Lucia Perugini, Richard A. Houghton, Raphael Ganzenmüller, Efisio Solazzo, Matthias Kuhnert, A. J. Dolman, Mart-Jan Schelhaas, Dirk Günther, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, Christoph Gerbig, Robbie M. Andrew, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Philippe Ciais, Julia Pongratz, Greet Janssens-Maenhout, Pierre Regnier, Giulia Conchedda, Marko Scholze, Igor B. Konovalov, Chunjing Qiu, Grégoire Broquet, Roberto Pilli, Rona Thompson, Monica Crippa, Francesco N. Tubiello, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Land use, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Inversion (meteorology), 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 12. Responsible consumption, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, 11. Sustainability, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Sector model, Environmental science, media_common.cataloged_instance, Land use, land-use change and forestry, Kyoto Protocol, Emission inventory, European union, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract

Reliable quantification of the sources and sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), including that of their trends and uncertainties, is essential to monitoring the progress in mitigating anthropogenic emissions under the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. This study provides a consolidated synthesis of estimates for all anthropogenic and natural sources and sinks of CO 2 for the European Union and UK (EU27 + UK), derived from a combination of state-of-the-art bottom-up (BU) and top-down (TD) data sources and models. Given the wide scope of the work and the variety of datasets involved, this study focuses on identifying essential questions which need to be answered to properly understand the differences between various datasets, in particular with regards to the less-well-characterized fluxes from managed ecosystems. The work integrates recent emission inventory data, process-based ecosystem model results, data-driven sector model results and inverse modeling estimates over the period 1990–2018. BU and TD products are compared with European national greenhouse gas inventories (NGHGIs) reported under the UNFCCC in 2019, aiming to assess and understand the differences between approaches. For the uncertainties in NGHGIs, we used the standard deviation obtained by varying parameters of inventory calculations, reported by the member states following the IPCC Guidelines. Variation in estimates produced with other methods, like atmospheric inversion models (TD) or spatially disaggregated inventory datasets (BU), arises from diverse sources including within-model uncertainty related to parameterization as well as structural differences between models. In comparing NGHGIs with other approaches, a key source of uncertainty is that related to different system boundaries and emission categories (CO 2 fossil) and the use of different land use definitions for reporting emissions from land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) activities (CO 2 land). At the EU27 + UK level, the NGHGI (2019) fossil CO 2 emissions (including cement production) account for 2624 Tg CO 2 in 2014 while all the other seven bottom-up sources are consistent with the NGHGIs and report a mean of 2588 ( ± 463 Tg CO 2 ). The inversion reports 2700 Tg CO 2 ( ± 480 Tg CO 2 ), which is well in line with the national inventories. Over 2011–2015, the CO 2 land sources and sinks from NGHGI estimates report −90 Tg C yr −1 ± 30 Tg C yr −1 while all other BU approaches report a mean sink of −98 Tg C yr −1 ( ± 362 Tg of C from dynamic global vegetation models only). For the TD model ensemble results, we observe a much larger spread for regional inversions (i.e., mean of 253 Tg C yr −1 ± 400 Tg C yr −1 ). This concludes that (a) current independent approaches are consistent with NGHGIs and (b) their uncertainty is too large to allow a verification because of model differences and probably also because of the definition of “CO 2 flux” obtained from different approaches. The referenced datasets related to figures are visualized at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4626578 (Petrescu et al., 2020a).

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Asymmetric effects of daytime and night-time warming on Northern Hemisphere vegetation

Author

Sara Vicca, Hui Zeng, Frédéric Chevallier, Josep Peñuelas, Anping Chen, Shilong Piao, Ivan A. Janssens, A. J. Dolman, Gengxin Zhang, Shushi Peng, Shiqiang Wan, Shiping Wang, Philippe Ciais, Ranga B. Myneni, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences [Beijing], Peking University [Beijing], Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Princeton University, Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), University of Antwerp (UA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Henan University, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China, affiliation inconnue, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Henan University, Kaifeng (HENU), Henan University, Kaifeng, Earth and Climate, Amsterdam Global Change Institute, and VU University Amsterdam

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Cell Respiration, 010501 environmental sciences, Carbon sequestration, Atmospheric sciences, Global Warming, 01 natural sciences, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Carbon Cycle, Carbon cycle, chemistry.chemical_compound, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Photosynthesis, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Biology, Ecosystem, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Multidisciplinary, Geography, Global warming, Temperature, Northern Hemisphere, food and beverages, Vegetation, Carbon Dioxide, Darkness, Plants, 15. Life on land, Carbon, Circadian Rhythm, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Carbon dioxide, Sunlight, Terrestrial ecosystem, Engineering sciences. Technology
Abstract

Temperature data over the past five decades show faster warming of the global land surface during the night than during the day 1 . This asymmetric warming is expected to affect carbon assimilation and consumption in plants, because photosynthesis in most plants occurs during daytime and is more sensitive to the maximum daily temperature, Tmax, whereas plant respiration occurs throughout the day 2 and is therefore influenced by both Tmax and the minimum daily temperature, Tmin. Most studies of the response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate warming, however, ignore this asymmetric forcing effect on vegetation growth and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes 3–6 . Here we analyse the interannual covariations of the satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI, an indicator of vegetation greenness) with Tmax and Tmin over the Northern Hemisphere. After removing the correlation between Tmax and Tmin, we find that the partial correlation between Tmax and NDVI is positive in most wet and cool ecosystems over boreal regions, but negative in dry temperate regions. In contrast, the partial correlation between Tmin and NDVI is negative in boreal regions, and exhibits a more complex behaviour in dry temperate regions. We detect similar patterns in terrestrial net CO2 exchange maps obtained from a global atmospheric inversion model. Additional analysis of the long-term atmospheric CO2 concentration record of the station Point Barrow in Alaska suggests that the peak-to-peak amplitude of CO2 increased by 23 6 11% for a 11 6C anomaly in Tmax from May to September over lands north of 516 N, but decreased by 28 6 14% for a 11 6C anomaly in Tmin. These lines of evidence suggest that asymmetric diurnal warming, a process that is currently not taken into account in many global carbon cycle models, leads to a divergent response of Northern Hemisphere vegetation growth and carbon sequestration to rising temperatures. Both modelling and observational studies suggest that climate warming will probably enhance vegetation growth in northern terrestrial ecosystems, increasing carbon storage 3–6 . However, most of these studies do not consider the potential effects of asymmetric daytime and nighttime warming. The increasing rate of global land-surface daily minimum temperature (Tmin) over the past five decades is 1.4 times that of daily maximum temperature (Tmax) 1 . This asymmetric warming is expected to affect carbon assimilation and consumptions in plants, given that photosynthesis in most plants occurs during the daytime and thus is more sensitive to Tmax, whereas plant respiration occurs throughout the whole day 2 , and is therefore influenced by both Tmax

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Reduction of forest soil respiration in response to nitrogen deposition

Author

Philippe Ciais, A. J. Dolman, Ivan A. Janssens, Dario Papale, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Wouter Dieleman, Giorgio Matteucci, John Grace, Jens-Arne Subke, Jianwu Tang, Beverly E. Law, Reinhart Ceulemans, Shilong Piao, Markus Reichstein, Ernst Detlef Schulze, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Ecology and Resource Management, University of Edinburgh, CNR-ISAFOM, Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie (MPI-BGC), DOFOCO (242564), European Project: 242564,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2009-StG,DOFOCO(2010), Hydrology and Geo-environmental sciences, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
Reactive nitrogen, ORGANIC-MATTER DECOMPOSITION, 010501 environmental sciences, Carbon sequestration, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, LITTER DECOMPOSITION, Soil respiration, CARBON SEQUESTRATION, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Nitrogen cycle, Biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, EUROPEAN FORESTS, Agroforestry, Soil organic matter, Soil classification, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, ATMOSPHERIC NITRATE DEPOSITION
Abstract

The use of fossil fuels and fertilizers has increased the amount of biologically reactive nitrogen in the atmosphere over the past century. As a consequence, forests in industrialized regions have experienced greater rates of nitrogen deposition in recent decades. This unintended fertilization has stimulated forest growth, but has also affected soil microbial activity, and thus the recycling of soil carbon and nutrients. A meta-analysis suggests that nitrogen deposition impedes organic matter decomposition, and thus stimulates carbon sequestration, in temperate forest soils where nitrogen is not limiting microbial growth. The concomitant reduction in soil carbon emissions is substantial, and equivalent in magnitude to the amount of carbon taken up by trees owing to nitrogen fertilization. As atmospheric nitrogen levels continue to rise, increased nitrogen deposition could spread to older, more weathered soils, as found in the tropics; however, soil carbon cycling in tropical forests cannot yet be assessed. © 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited.

Published
2010
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. CO2 balance of boreal, temperate, and tropical forests derived from a global database

Author

Jeffrey Q. Chambers, Eero Nikinmaa, Richard Harding, Philippe Ciais, Carlos A. Sierra, Timo Vesala, Gabriel Pita, S. L. Piao, T. Laurila, Pasi Kolari, Andrew D. Richardson, G. Le Maire, Paul J. Hanson, Scott V. Ollinger, Guenther Seufert, Lisa Wingate, Ivan A. Janssens, Timothy J. Griffis, Achim Grelle, J. W. Munger, Bruce D. Cook, Olivier Roupsard, David Y. Hollinger, Kenneth J. Davis, Dario Papale, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Christian Bernhofer, Jean-Marc Bonnefond, Marc Aubinet, Damien Bonal, Thomas Grünwald, Markus Reichstein, Corinna Rebmann, Denis Loustau, Gabriele Guidolotti, I. Inglima, Laurent Misson, Lucy R. Hutyra, Fredrik Lagergren, Ernst Detlef Schulze, J. Mateus, Werner L. Kutsch, Martin Jung, Leonardo Montagnani, Anders Lindroth, María José Sanz, A. Granier, Jianwu Tang, Mirco Migliavacca, Giorgio Matteucci, Eddy Moors, John Moncrieff, Yadvinder Malhi, Beverly E. Law, John Grace, Marie-Louise Smith, Birgit Gielen, Kevin Black, Michael L. Goulden, Christian Beer, Riccardo Valentini, A. J. Dolman, Nobuko Saigusa, Bart Kruijt, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche Ions Lasers (CIRIL), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Information Sciences and Engineering, University of Canberra, Department of Biogeochemical Integration [Jena], Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Forest Environment and Resources, University of Tuscia, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China, affiliation inconnue, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie (MPI-BGC), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), CNR-ISAFOM, School of Geography and the Environment, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford [Oxford], AgroBio Tech GxABT, Univ Liege Gembloux Agrobio Tech, Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Hydrol and Meteorol, Dept Meteorol, D-01737 Tharandt, Germany, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, University of New Orleans, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], PennState Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences [Amsterdam] (FALW), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Ecology, Uppsala, Uppsala University, Department soil, water & climate, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Department of Computer Science [Dresden], Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Wallingford] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), NE Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington [Seattle], Forest Ecology and Management [Helsinki], Department of Forest Sciences [Helsinki], Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki-Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Earth System Science-Climate Change, Centre for Water and Climate [Wageningen], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science [Lund], Lund University [Lund], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), College of Forestry, Oregon State University (OSU), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité de Recherches Forestières, Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, Imperial College London, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Servizi Forestali, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano, Agenzia per l'Ambiente, Alterra [Wageningen] (ESS-CC), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Cambridge, USA] (EPS), Harvard University [Cambridge], Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française (ATILF), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Fonctionnement et pilotage des écosystèmes de plantations (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 80 Ecosystèmes de plantations), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Forest Science and Environment, Department of Physical Sciences [Helsinki], University of Helsinki, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University [Beijing], Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology [Tharandt], Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité de recherches forestières (BORDX PIERR UR ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Fonctionnement et pilotage des écosystèmes de plantations (UPR Ecosystèmes de plantations), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], University of Oxford, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Harvard University, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, and Hydrology and Geo-environmental sciences

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, F40 - Écologie végétale, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biome, Atmospheric carbon cycle, Carbon sequestration, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, SDG 17 - Partnerships for the Goals, carbon cycle, Forest ecology, SDG 13 - Climate Action, forest ecosystems, global database, gross primary productivity, net ecosystem productivity, net primary productivity, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Database, Primary production, 15. Life on land, C30 - Documentation et information, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Terrestrial ecosystem, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, Ecosystem ecology, computer, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Terrestrial ecosystems sequester 2.1 Pg of atmospheric carbon annually. A large amount of the terrestrial sink is realized by forests. However, considerable uncertainties remain regarding the fate of this carbon over both short and long timescales. Relevant data to address these uncertainties are being collected at many sites around the world, but syntheses of these data are still sparse. To facilitate future synthesis activities, we have assembled a comprehensive global database for forest ecosystems, which includes carbon budget variables (fluxes and stocks), ecosystem traits (e.g. leaf area index, age), as well as ancillary site information such as management regime, climate, and soil characteristics. This publicly available database can be used to quantify global, regional or biome-specific carbon budgets; to re-examine established relationships; to test emerging hypotheses about ecosystem functioning [e.g. a constant net ecosystem production (NEP) to gross primary production (GPP) ratio]; and as benchmarks for model evaluations. In this paper, we present the first analysis of this database. We discuss the climatic influences on GPP, net primary production (NPP) and NEP and present the CO2 balances for boreal, temperate, and tropical forest biomes based on micrometeorological, ecophysiological, and biometric flux and inventory estimates. Globally, GPP of forests benefited from higher temperatures and precipitation whereas NPP saturated above either a threshold of 1500 mm precipitation or a mean annual temperature of 10 degrees C. The global pattern in NEP was insensitive to climate and is hypothesized to be mainly determined by nonclimatic conditions such as successional stage, management, site history, and site disturbance. In all biomes, closing the CO2 balance required the introduction of substantial biome-specific closure terms. Nonclosure was taken as an indication that respiratory processes, advection, and non-CO2 carbon fluxes are not presently being adequately accounted for.

Published
2007
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. The seasonal cycle of the greenhouse gas balance of a continental tundra site in the Indigirka lowlands, NE Siberia

Author

A. J. Dolman, D. A. Suzdalov, Sergey V. Karsanaev, T. C. Maximov, M. K. van der Molen, A.M.R. Petrescu, J. van Huissteden, Alexander V. Kononov, F. J. Parmentier, Department of Hydrology and Geo-Environmental Sciences [Amsterdam], Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Institute of Biological Problems of the Cryolithozone, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), and EGU, Publication

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Humid continental climate, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Eddy covariance, Carbon sink, Growing season, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Tundra, Methane, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Climatology, Carbon dioxide, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Environmental science, Leaf area index, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract

International audience; Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes were measured at a tundra site near Chokurdakh, in the lowlands of the Indigirka river in north-east Siberia. This site is one of the few stations on Russian tundra and it is different from most other tundra flux stations in its continentality. A suite of methods was applied to determine the fluxes of NEE, GPP, Reco and methane, including eddy covariance, chambers and leaf cuvettes. Net carbon dioxide fluxes were unusually high, compared with other tundra sites, with NEE=?92 g C m?2 yr?1, which is composed of an Reco=+141 g C m?2 yr?1 and GPP=?232 g C m?2 yr?1. This large carbon dioxide sink may be explained by the continental climate, that is reflected in low winter soil temperatures (?14°C), reducing the respiration rates, and short, relatively warm summers, stimulating high photosynthesis rates. Interannual variability in GPP was dominated by the frequency of light limitation (Rg ?2), whereas Reco depends most directly on soil temperature and time in the growing season, which serves as a proxy of the combined effects of active layer depth, leaf area index, soil moisture and substrate availability. The methane flux, in units of global warming potential, was +28 g C-CO2e m?2 yr?1, so that the greenhouse gas balance was ?64 g C-CO2e m?2 yr?1. Methane fluxes depended only slightly on soil temperature and were highly sensitive to hydrological conditions and vegetation composition.

Published
2007

6. The full greenhouse gas balance of an abandoned peat meadow

Author

J. van Huissteden, D.M.D. Hendriks, A. J. Dolman, M. K. van der Molen, EGU, Publication, and Hydrology and Geo-environmental sciences

Subjects
Hydrology, geography, Peat, geography.geographical_feature_category, Water table, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:QE1-996.5, lcsh:Life, Eddy covariance, Wetland, [SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, Water balance, [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], lcsh:QH540-549.5, Evapotranspiration, Greenhouse gas, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Environmental science, lcsh:Ecology, Ecosystem respiration, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

Globally, peat lands are considered to be a sink of CO2, but a source when drained. Additionally, wet peat lands are thought to emit considerable amounts of CH4 and N2O. Hitherto, reliable and integrated estimates of emissions and emission factors for this type of land cover have been lacking and the effects of wetland restoration on methane emissions have been poorly quantified. In this paper we estimate the full greenhouse gas (GHG) balance of a restored natural peat land by determining the fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O through atmosphere and water, while accounting for the different Global Warming Potentials (GWP's). The site is an abandoned agricultural peat meadow, which has been converted into a wetland nature reserve ten years ago, after which the water level was raised. GHG fluxes were measured continuously with an eddy covariance system (CO2) and flux chamber measurements (CH4 and N2O). Meteorological and hydrological measurements were collected as well. With growing seasons of respectively 192, 168 and 129 days, the annual net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) was −446+±83 g C m−2 yr−1 for 2004, −311±58 g C m−2 yr−1 for 2005 and −232±57 g m−2 yr−1 for 2006. Ecosystem respiration (Reco) was estimated as 869±668 g C m−2 yr−1 for 2004, 866±666 g C m−2 yr−1 for 2005 and 924±711 g C m−2 yr−1 for 2006. CH4 emissions from the saturated land and water surfaces were high compared to the relatively dry land. Annual weighted CH4 emissions were 31.27±20.40 g C m−2 yr−1 for 2005 and 32.27±21.08 g C m−2 yr−1 for 2006. N2O fluxes were too low to be of significance. The water balance of the area was dominated by precipitation and evapotranspiration and therefore fluxes of carbon and CH4 through seepage, infiltration and drainage were relatively small (17.25 g C m−2 yr−1). The carbon-balance consisted for the largest part of CO2 uptake, CO2 respiration and CH4 emission from water saturated land and water. CO2 emission has decreased significantly as result of the raised water table, while CH4 fluxes have increased. In GWP's the area was a small net GHG sink given as CO2-equiv. of −86 g m−2 yr−1 (over a 100-year period).

Published
2007
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. A compact and stable eddy covariance set-up for methane measurements using off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy

Author

D.M.D. Hendriks, A. J. Dolman, M. K. van der Molen, J. van Huissteden, EGU, Publication, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), and Hydrology and Geo-environmental sciences

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Analyser, Eddy covariance, Analytical chemistry, Flux, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, lcsh:Chemistry, Sampling (signal processing), Path length, law, Calibration, SDG 13 - Climate Action, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Chemistry, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Laser, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, lcsh:QC1-999, Computational physics, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Infrared gas analyzer, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, 0210 nano-technology, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

A Fast Methane Analyzer (FMA) is assessed for its applicability in a closed path eddy covariance field set-up in a peat meadow. The FMA uses off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy combined with a highly specific narrow band laser for the detection of CH4 and strongly reflective mirrors to obtain a laser path length of 2–20×103 m. Statistical testing and a calibration experiment showed high precision (7.8×10−3 ppb) and accuracy ( Due to erroneous measurements, spikes and periods of low turbulence the data series consisted for 26% of gaps. Observed CH4 fluxes consisted mainly of emission, showed a diurnal cycle, but were rather variable over. The average CH4 emission was 29.7 nmol m−2 s−1, while the typical maximum CH4 emission was approximately 80.0 nmol m−2 s−1 and the typical minimum flux was approximately 0.0 nmol m−2 s−1. The correspondence of the measurements with flux chamber measurements in the footprint was good and the observed CH4 emission rates were comparable with eddy covariance CH4 measurements in other peat areas. Additionally, three measurement techniques with lower sampling frequencies were simulated, which might give the possibility to measure CH4 fluxes without an external pump and save energy. Disjunct eddy covariance appeared to be the most reliable substitute for 10 Hz eddy covariance, while relaxed eddy accumulation gave reliable estimates of the fluxes over periods in the order of days or weeks.

Published
2007
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. The CarboEurope regional experiment strategy

Author

Bruno Piguet, Vincenzo Magliulo, G. Facon, Bruno Neininger, L. F. Tolk, R. Ronda, R. Macatangay, María José Sanz, S. Körner, Eric Lamaud, Denis Loustau, A. J. Dolman, Yves Brunet, Michel Ramonet, C. Sarrat, Philippe Ciais, Marco Esposito, Ronald Hutjes, Joël Noilhan, Jan Elbers, Aurore Brut, Pierre Béziat, Nathalie Jarosz, Y. Scholz, Patrick Durand, G. Pérez-Landa, Beniamino Gioli, A. Butet, Franco Miglietta, Eric Ceschia, P. Glademard, Christoph Gerbig, O. Schrems, VU University Amsterdam, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), MetAir AG, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), University of Bremen, Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterraneo, University of Stuttgart, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, atmospheric transport, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mesoscale meteorology, Climate change, hapex-mobilhy, 01 natural sciences, scale, greenhouse gases, BOUNDARY-LAYER BUDGETS, ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT, HAPEX-MOBILHY, CO2, CARBON, SURFACE, MODEL, SCALE, FLUX, EXCHANGE, Alterra - Centre for Water and Climate, surface, Wageningen Environmental Research, meteorology, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, climatic change, model, carbon, Carbon exchange, exchange, carbon dioxide, frankrijk, klimaatverandering, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, boundary-layer budgets, flux, kooldioxide, 13. Climate action, CARBOEUROPE, Greenhouse gas, Climatology, meteorologie, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, co2, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Concentration gradient, france, broeikasgassen, Alterra - Centrum Water en Klimaat
Abstract

Quantification of sources and sinks of carbon at global and regional scales requires not only a good description of the land sources and sinks of carbon, but also of the synoptic and mesoscale meteorology. An experiment was performed in Les Landes, southwest France, during May¿June 2005, to determine the variability in concentration gradients and fluxes of CO2. The CarboEurope Regional Experiment Strategy (CERES; see also http://carboregional.mediasfrance.org/index) aimed to produce aggregated estimates of the carbon balance of a region that can be meaningfully compared to those obtained from the smallest downscaled information of atmospheric measurements and continental-scale inversions. We deployed several aircraft to concentration sample the CO2 and fluxes over the whole area, while fixed stations observed the fluxes and concentrations at high accuracy. Several (mesoscale) meteorological modeling tools were used to plan the experiment and flight patterns. Results show that at regional scale the relation between profiles and fluxes is not obvious, and is strongly influenced by airmass history and mesoscale flow patterns. In particular, we show from an analysis of data for a single day that taking either the concentration at several locations as representative of local fluxes or taking the flux measurements at those sites as representative of larger regions would lead to incorrect conclusions about the distribution of sources and sinks of carbon. Joint consideration of the synoptic and regional flow, fluxes, and land surface is required for a correct interpretation. This calls for an experimental and modeling strategy that takes into account the large spatial gradients in concentrations and the variability in sources and sinks that arise from different land use types. We briefly describe how such an analysis can be performed and evaluate the usefulness of the data for planning of future networks or longer campaigns with reduced experimental efforts.

Published
2006
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. The carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems at country-scale – a European case study

Author

Ernst Detlef Schulze, Riccardo Valentini, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, P. Ciais, Martin Heimann, A. J. Dolman, Ivan A. Janssens, Reinhart Ceulemans, P. Smith, Annette Freibauer, Bernhard Schlamadinger, Department of Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Joanneum Research, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geo-Environmental Sciences [Amsterdam], Free University of Amsterdam, Alterra, ALTERRA, European Forest Institute = Institut Européen de la Forêt = Euroopan metsäinstituutti (EFI), School of Biological Sciences, Department of Forest Science and Environment, Hydrology and Geo-environmental sciences, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
Peat, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Land management, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Wetland, 01 natural sciences, Sink (geography), [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Environmental protection, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Life Science, Wageningen Environmental Research, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, 2. Zero hunger, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Ecology, Carbon sink, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Centrum Ecosystemen, Centre for Ecosystem Studies, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Terrestrial ecosystem, Arable land
Abstract

International audience; We summed estimates of the carbon balance of forests, grasslands, arable lands and peatlands to obtain country-specific estimates of the terrestrial carbon balance during the 1990s. Forests and grasslands were a net sink for carbon, whereas croplands were carbon sources in all European countries. Hence, countries dominated by arable lands tended to be losing carbon from their terrestrial ecosystems, whereas forest-dominated countries tended to be sequestering carbon. In some countries, draining and extraction of peatlands caused substantial reductions in the net carbon balance. Net terrestrial carbon balances were typically an order of magnitude smaller than the fossil fuel-related carbon emissions. Exceptions to this overall picture were countries where population density and industrialization are small. It is, however, of utmost importance to acknowledge that the typically small net carbon balance represents the small difference between two large but opposing fluxes: uptake by forests and grasslands and losses from arable lands and peatlands. This suggests that relatively small changes in either or both of these large component fluxes could induce large effects on the net total, indicating that mitigation schemes should not be discarded a priori. In the absence of carbon-oriented land management, the current net carbon uptake is bound to decline soon. Protecting it will require actions at three levels; a) maintaining the current sink activity of forests, b) altered agricultural management practices to reduce the emissions from arable soils or turn into carbon sinks and c) protecting current large reservoirs (wetlands and old forests), since carbon is lost more rapidly than sequestered.

Published
2005
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide and water of far eastern Siberian Larch (Larix cajanderii) on permafrost

Author

A. J. Dolman, T. C. Maximov, E. J. Moors, A. P. Maximov, J. A. Elbers, A. V. Kononov, M. J. Waterloo, M. K. van der Molen, and EGU, Publication

Subjects
lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:QH540-549.5, lcsh:QE1-996.5, lcsh:Life, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, lcsh:Ecology, [SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract

Observations of the net ecosystem exchange of water and CO2 were made during two seasons in 2000 and 2001 above a Larch forest in Far East Siberia (Yakutsk). The measurements were obtained by eddy correlation. There is a very sharply pronounced growing season of 100 days when the forest is leaved. Maximum half hourly uptake rates are 18 µmol m-2 s-1; maximum respiration rates are 5 µmol m-2 s-1. Net annual sequestration of carbon was estimated at 160 gCm-2 in 2001. Applying no correction for low friction velocities added 60 g C m-2. The net carbon exchange of the forest was extremely sensitive to small changes in weather that may switch the forest easily from a sink to a source, even in summer. June was the month with highest uptake in 2001. The average evaporation rate of the forest approached 1.46 mm day-1 during the growing season, with peak values of 3 mm day-1 with an estimated annual evaporation of 213 mm, closely approaching the average annual rainfall amount. 2001 was a drier year than 2000 and this is reflected in lower evaporation rates in 2001 than in 2000. The surface conductance of the forest shows a marked response to increasing atmospheric humidity deficits. This affects the CO2 uptake and evaporation in a different manner, with the CO2 uptake being more affected. There appears to be no change in the relation between surface conductance and net ecosystem uptake normalized by the atmospheric humidity deficit at the monthly time scale. The response to atmospheric humidity deficit is an efficient mechanism to prevent severe water loss during the short intense growing season. The associated cost to the sequestration of carbon may be another explanation for the slow growth of these forests in this environment.

Published
2004

11. Europe's Terrestrial Biosphere Absorbs 7 to 12% of European Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions

Author

E.-D. Schulze, Reinhart Ceulemans, Ivan A. Janssens, Annette Freibauer, P. Smith, Riccardo Valentini, P. Ciais, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, A. J. Dolman, Gerd A. Folberth, Ronald Hutjes, Bernhard Schlamadinger, Universiteit Antwerpen = University of Antwerpen [Antwerpen], Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Aberdeen, Alterra Green World Research (ALTERRA), European Forest Institute (EFI), Joanneum Research, Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], Free University of Amsterdam, Universiteit Antwerpen [Antwerpen], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Tuscia, Department of Forest Environment and Resources, and Hydrology and Geo-environmental sciences

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate, Carbon dioxide equivalent, Atmospheric sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Soil, Alterra - Centre for Water and Climate, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Biomass, Wageningen Environmental Research, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Carbon sink, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Europe, Centre for Ecosystem Studies, climate-change, Alterra - Centrum Water en Klimaat, Crops, Agricultural, Atmospheric carbon cycle, chemistry.chemical_element, Carbon cycle, inversion, carbon-cycle, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, oceans, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, forests, atmospheric co2, model, Atmosphere, balance, Carbon Dioxide, 15. Life on land, Carbon, Centrum Ecosystemen, land, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, transport, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Negative carbon dioxide emission
Abstract

International audience; Most inverse atmospheric models report considerable uptake of carbon dioxide in Europe's terrestrial biosphere. In contrast, carbon stocks in terrestrial ecosystems increase at a much smaller rate, with carbon gains in forests and grassland soils almost being offset by carbon losses from cropland and peat soils. Accounting for non–carbon dioxide carbon transfers that are not detected by the atmospheric models and for carbon dioxide fluxes bypassing the ecosystem carbon stocks considerably reduces the gap between the small carbon-stock changes and the larger carbon dioxide uptake estimated by atmospheric models. The remaining difference could be because of missing components in the stock-change approach, as well as the large uncertainty in both methods. With the use of the corrected atmosphere- and land-based estimates as a dual constraint, we estimate a net carbon sink between 135 and 205 teragrams per year in Europe's terrestrial biosphere, the equivalent of 7 to 12% of the 1995 anthropogenic carbon emissions.

Published
2003
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Land surface scheme conceptualisation and parameter values for three sites with contrasting soils and climate

Author

M. Soet, J.N.M. Stricker, A. J. Dolman, R. J. Ronda, Alterra-DLO, Meteorology and Air Quality Department [Wageningen] (MAQ), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Sub-department Water Resources, and EGU, Publication

Subjects
Meteorologie en Luchtkwaliteit, Meteorology and Air Quality, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0207 environmental engineering, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Soil science, 02 engineering and technology, Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management, Soil hydraulic properties, 01 natural sciences, Water balance, Pedotransfer function, Evapotranspiration, Wageningen Environmental Research, 020701 environmental engineering, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Transpiration, Hydrology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, WIMEK, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Leaching model, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Water balance simulation, Loam, Soil water, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Environmental science, Land surface model, Surface runoff, Hydrologie en Kwantitatief Waterbeheer
Abstract

The objective of the present study is to test the performance of the ECMWF land surface module (LSM) developed by Viterbo and Beljaars (1995) and to identify primary future adjustments, focusing on the hydrological components. This was achieved by comparing off-line simulations against observations and a detailed state-of-the-art model over a range of experimental conditions. Results showed that the standard LSM, which uses fixed vegetation and soil parameter values, systematically underestimated evapotranspiration, partly due to underestimating bare soil evaporation, which appeared to be a conceptual problem. In dry summer conditions, transpiration was seriously underestimated. The bias in surface runoff and percolation was not of the same sign for all three locations. A sensitivity analysis, set up to explore the impact of using standard parameter values, found that implementing specific soil hydraulic properties had a significant effect on runoff and percolation at all three sites. Evapotranspiration, however affected only slightly at the temperate humid climate sites. Under semi-arid conditions, introducing site specific soil hydraulic properties plus a realistic rooting depth improved simulation results considerably. Future adjustments to the standard LSM should focus on parameter values of soil hydraulic functions and rooting depths and, conceptually, on the bare soil evaporation parameterisation and the soil bottom boundary condition. Implications of changing soil hydraulic properties for future large-simulations were explored briefly. For Europe, soil data requirements can be fulfilled partly by the recent data base HYPRES. Sandy and loamy sand soils will then cover about 65% of Europe, whereas in the present model 100% of the area is loam. Keywords: land surface model; soil hydraulic properties; water balance simulation

Published
2000

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results