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International audience; Background Well programmed strength and conditioning training is an indispensable part of the long-term training process for athletes in individual and team sports to improve performance and prevent injuries. Yet, there is a limited number of studies available that examine the effects of resistance training (RT) on muscular fitness and physiological adaptations in elite female athletes. Objectives This systematic review aimed to summarize recent evidence on the long-term effects of RT or combinations of RT with other strength-dominated exercise types on muscular fitness, muscle morphology, and body composition in female elite athletes. Materials and Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in nine electronic databases ( Academic Search Elite, CINAHL, ERIC, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, Open Dissertations, PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus) from inception until March 2022. Key search terms from the MeSH database such as RT and strength training were included and combined using the operators "AND," "OR," and "NOT". The search syntax initially identified 181 records. After screening for titles, abstracts, and full texts, 33 studies remained that examined the long-term effects of RT or combinations of RT with other strength-dominated exercise types on muscular fitness, muscle morphology, and body composition in female elite athletes. Results Twenty- four studies used single-mode RT or plyometric training and nine studies investigated the effects of combined training programs such as resistance with plyometric or agility training, resistance and speed training, and resistance and power training. The training duration lasted at least 4 weeks, but most studies used similar to 12 weeks. Studies were generally classified as 'high-quality' with a mean PEDro score of 6.8 (median 7). Irrespective of the type or combination of RT with other strength-dominated exercise regimens (type of exercise, exercise duration, or intensity), 24 out of 33 studies reported increases in muscle power (e.g., maximal and mean power; effect size [ES]: 0.23 < Cohen's d < 1.83, small to large), strength (e.g., one-repetition-maximum [1RM]; ES: 0.15 < d < 6.80, small to very large), speed (e.g., sprint times; ES: 0.01 < d < 1.26, small to large), and jump performance (e.g., countermovement/squat jump; ES: 0.02 < d < 1.04, small to large). The nine studies that examined the effects of combined training showed significant increases on maximal strength (ES: 0.08 < d < 2.41, small to very large), muscle power (ES: 0.08 < d < 2.41, small to very large), jump and sprint performance (ES: 0.08 < d < 2.41, small to very large). Four out of six studies observed no changes in body mass or percentage of body fat after resistance or plyometric training or combined training (ES: 0.026 < d < 0.492, small to medium). Five out of six studies observed significant changes in muscle morphology (e.g., muscle thickness, muscle fiber cross-sectional area; ES: 0.23 < d < 3.21, small to very large). However, one study did not find any changes in muscle morphology (i.e., muscle thickness, pennation angle; ES: 0.1 < d < 0.19, small). Conclusion Findings from this systematic review suggest that RT or combined RT with other strength-dominated exercise types leads to significant increases in measures of muscle power, strength, speed, and jump performance in elite female athletes. However, the optimal dosage of programming parameters such as training intensity and duration necessary to induce large effects in measures of muscular fitness and their physiological adaptations remain to be resolved in female elite athletes.

International audience; Metals Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are promising crystalline, embrittled materials generally produced in powdering form with varied remarkably functionalities. In contrary, polymer are flexible and processable materials. Therefore, obtaining shaped solids gathering polymer malleability and MOFs properties such as their photocatalytic activities, have attracked many reasearchers attention. This work, report the successful fruitful incorporation of two different Fe-based MOFs into a polymer matrix via a facile and cheap photopolymerization process upon mild visible light irradiation at 405 nm. The as-prepared photocomposites displayed excellent stability and photocalytic performance for several Acid Black degradation cycles. Hence, approximatively, 95% of this model dye was decomposed by the two MIL-100(Fe)/polymer and MIL-88A(Fe)/polymer composites under juste 30 min of UV lamp irradiation. Incorporation of the MOFs into the polymer was confirmed by several techniques including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis 2 (EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction analysis (DRX), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Furthermore, these photocatalysts exhibited a high thermal stability, excellent rigidity and low band gap energy characterized by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, respectively.

International audience; Nowadays water scarcity represents a threat for human and living beings. Therefore, to satisfy the demands of people for clean and safe water, new technologies for wastewater treatment have been developed. Thus, photocatalysis has emerged as a green chemical approach for such treatment. In this context, new polyoxometalate (POM)/polymer composites with relevant photocatalytic properties have been developed via an easy and cheap photopolymerization process upon mild visible light irradiation at 405 nm. This fruitful association between POM and polymer allowed the obtention of shaped materials facile to collect and reuse at the end of the photocatalytic treatment avoiding then the usual time-consuming regeneration methods. The prepared photocomposites displayed excellent photocatalytic performance for the removal of bisphenol-A from water under different sources of irradiation. Hence, 100%, 88%, and 50% of this model compound were decomposed by the phosphomolybdic composite under just 90 min of UV lamp, solar and LED@375 nm irradiations, respectively. The effectiveness of these developed photocatalysts towards the degradation of other organic compounds, as well as the degradation mechanism based on the generation of highly reactive chemicals such as •OH radicals promoting the degradation were already reported. Bisphenol-A degradation pathway and the identification of the photoproducts were discussed using mass spectroscopy technique. Therefore, this paper highlighted the photocatalytic efficiency of the new manufactured materials for the photodegradation of the bisphenol-A, thus expanding their application fields, under different sources of irradiation and under pure solar irradiation which make their applications more interesting and less energy consuming.

International audience

International audience; In the last few years, pharmaceutical compounds classified as emerging pollutants have attracted the attention of many researchers, due to their massive presence in soil, surface, sewage, groundwater and drinking water, as well as to their harmful effects on human health and the environment. In this context, the degradation of four drugs with different chemical structures, Ciprofloxacin, Oxytetracycline, Ibuprofen and Erythromycin was investigated. Indeed, in this paper, we studied the impact of the presence in the aqueous solution of a newly developed POM/polymer composite on the removal of these different drugs from water. Synthesis details and characterizations of these materials have already been reported within our group. The various experiments carried out during this study revealed that the presence of the phosphomolybdic acid-based composite was not essential for the total degradation of Ciprofloxacin and Oxytetracycline which could be totally removed from water by simple photolysis under UV-Visible lamp irradiation. However, under the same experimental conditions, the use of this photocatalyst was indispensable for the total mineralization of Ibuprofen, more recalcitrant than the other selected drugs. In fact, only 20% of this pharmaceutical was degraded by simple photolysis vs. 100% and 94% upon respectively, 90 min of UV-Visible lamp and solar irradiation, in the presence of the phosphomolybdic acid-based composite which was more pertinent than the usually used photocatalyst, namely titanium dioxide. The Ibuprofen degradation pathway was identified thanks to mass spectrometry analysis, conducted at different time intervals. The obtained results demonstrated also that POM/polymer composite inhibits the degradation of Erythromycin through the formation of more toxic intermediates than the original drug

Recently, many researchers have focused their attentions on associating perovskites with polymers in order to enhance their processability and rigidity while protecting their interesting environmental properties. Therefore, this work reports the successful development of two different Perovskites/polymer composites via a simple, rapid, low-cost and eco-friendly photopolymerization process under mild visible Light Emitting Diode LED@405 nm irradiation. The as-synthesized composites exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity towards the removal of the Acid Black dye from water, reaching approximately 95% under just 30 min of UV light irradiation. The fruitful hybridization between the perovskites and the acrylate monomer allowed the collect and reuse of this photocatalyst for several successive cycles without external usual time-consuming methods. Furthermore, the new as-fabricated shaped materials were fully characterized by numerous characterization techniques including, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX), X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), which have verified on one side the successful immobilization of the perovskites into the polymer and the structural stability of the photocatalysts after hybridization and in the other side the high rigidity and thermal stability of the obtained molded composites.

International audience; Scientific workflows are used to model scalable, portable, and reproducible big data analyses and scientific experiments with low development costs. To optimize their performances and ensure data resources efficiency, scientific workflows handling big volumes of data need to be executed on scalable distributed environments like the Cloud infrastructure services. The problem of scheduling such workflows is known as an NP-complete problem. It aims to find optimal mapping task-to-resource and data-to-storage resources in order to meet end user's quality of service objectives, especially minimizing the overall makespan or the financial cost of the workflow. In this paper, we formulate the problem of scheduling big data scientific workflows as bi-objective optimization problem that aims to minimize both the makespan and the cost of the workflow. The formulated problem is then resolved using our proposed Bi-Objective Cat Swarm Optimization algorithm (BiO-CSO) which is an extension of the bio-inspired algorithm CSO. The extension consists of adapting the algorithm to solve multi-objective discrete optimization problems. Our application case is the LIGO Inspiral workflow which is a CPU and Data intensive workflow used to generate and analyze gravitational waveforms from data collected during the coalescing of compact binary systems. The performance of the proposed method is then compared to that of the multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) proven to be effective for scientific workflows scheduling. The experimental results show that our algorithm BiO-CSO performs better than the multi-objective PSO since it provides more and better final scheduling solutions.

Water disinfection using visible light-active photocatalyst has recently attracted more attention due to its potential to inactivate microbes. In this study, we have investigated the efficiency of ...

Solar photocatalytic inactivation of Gram-negative bacteria with immobilized TiO2-P25 in a fixed-bed reactor was modeled with simplified kinetic equations. The kinetic parameters are the following: the photocatalytic inactivation coefficient (kd,QUV), the initial bacterial reduction rate (A) in the contact with the disinfecting agent, and the threshold level of damage (n) were determined to report the effect of QUV/TiO2-P25 on bacterial cultivability and viability and to compare the response of bacterial strains to photocatalytic treatment. In addition, the integration of the reactivation coefficient (Cr) in the photocatalytic inactivation equation allowed evaluating the ability of bacterial reactivation after photocatalytic stress. Results showed different responses of the bacteria strains to photocatalytic stress and the ability of certain bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli ATCC25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC4114 to resuscitate after photocatalytic treatment.

The consideration of nonclassical beam theories beyond Timoshenko beam model is necessary in applications involving complex yarns subjected to transverse compaction, for which the section dilatation and in-plane shear require a detailed kinematic and static modeling. In the present work, new enriched beam elements with additional degrees of freedom are derived from the mechanics of generalized continua, allowing a representation of the in plane-shear and dilatation of sections. As a novel aspect, enriched beam model called macrodilatation, macroshear, and macrostrain have been constructed on the basis of generalized beam theories but with a more condensed kinematics, assuming uniform hyperstress tensor within the beam. The choice of the adequate extended continuum for a given beam depends on its macroscopic deformation mechanisms. As a result, the developed beam models include modified material parameters (the tensile, shear and bulk moduli for an isotropic beam) involving additional microstructural parameters. These macrobeam models are expected to better describe the in plane-shear and dilatation of the beam sections along its mean line in comparison to classical beam theories. Numerical illustrative examples show that the microdilatation beam model has the ability to capture the local deformation field around holes, in contrast to Timoshenko beam model. The parameters of the microdilatation beam model provide a very good estimate of the overall porosity.

Conventional finance models indicate that the magnitude of stock prices should not influence portfolio choices or future returns. This view is contradicted, however, by empirical evidence. In this paper, we report the results of an experiment showing that trading prices, in experimental markets, are processed differently by participants, depending on their magnitude. Our experiment has two consecutive treatments. One where the fundamental value is a small number (the small price market) and a second one where the fundamental value is a large number (the large price market). Small price markets exhibit greater mispricing than large price markets. We obtain this result both between-participants and within-participants. Our findings show that price magnitude influences the way people perceive the distribution of future returns. This result is at odds with standard finance theory but is consistent with: (1) a number of observations in the empirical finance and accounting literature; and (2) evidence in neuropsychology on the use of different mental scales for small and large numbers.

Recent research in finance shows that the magnitude of stock prices influences analysts’ price forecasts (Roger et al., 2018). In this paper, we report the results o fa novel experiment where some of the participants in a continuous double auction market act as analysts and forecast future prices. Participants engage in two successive markets: one in which the fundamental value is a small price and one in which the fundamental value is a large price. Our results indicate that analysts’ forecasts are more optimistic in small price markets compared to large price markets. We also find that analysts strongly anchor on past price trends when building their price forecasts. Overall, our findings support the existence of a small price bias.

We examine how the Brexit announcement influenced the market performance of British and European listed firms over a 12-month horizon after the announcement. Using daily data and a sample composed of 3,015 European listed firms (805 UK and 2,210 non-UK), we find that the Brexit announcement affected negatively the one-year financial performance of British (UK hereafter) firms and European non-British (non-UK hereafter) firms that conduct most of their business activities within the British area. We also provide the new evidence that, after the Brexit announcement, analysts’ earnings forecasts and the operational performance decreased, and the return volatility increased for UK firms. These novel results in the literature show definitively that the Brexit announcement has reduced the financial and operational performance over a 12-month period but exclusively for firms involved in British businesses.

International audience; In the present research, the optimization of the photocatalytic degradation of simulated textile effluent containing two pollutants (Methylene blue (MB) and Zinc) consisted of studying the variation of four parameters, namely initial MB concentration ([MB]I, mg/L), zinc concentration ([Zn2+]I, mg/L), sodium chloride concentration ([NaCl]I, M) and flow rate (Q, mL/min) through a design of experiment using the response surface methodology approach. Results showed that MB degradation depends by order of importance on NaCl concentration andgt; MB concentration andgt; ionic zinc concentration andgt; flowrate. Modeling results presented a good concordance between predicted and experimental values with acceptable correlation coefficients (R2 = 0.9879 and R2 (adjusted) = 0.9773). Desirability function was applied on the second-order polynomial equation to determine the optimal experimental condition for fastest total photocatalytic degradation and it was identified as follows For a maximal target of 85.91% and a desirability of d = 1.0, [MB] = 75 mg/L, [Zn2+] = 45 mg/L, [NaCl] = 0.125 M and Q = 500 mL/min. Moreover, results showed that zinc had a good affinity to cellulose material and contributed on enhancing the photocatalytic activity in terms of degradation. Mineralization of the dye was assessed for the optimal conditions using the TOC method. Moreover, special attention was also paid to better understand the effect of inorganic pollutant, scavenging effects of different molecules such as EDTA, isopropyl alcohol and CCl4 were examined and discussed.

International audience; One of the main challenges of dyes adsorption technology application wide-spreading is the fate of the generated dyes-loaded-biomasses, which in certain cases could represent a serious threat to the environment. In this research work, an innovative and eco-friendly approach was established for the management of a lignocellulosic material (alkaline treated orange tree sawdust ATOS) loaded with methylene blue (MB) at a concentration of 107 mg g(-1). This approach consists first of all to a rapid and important MB desorption (more than 91%) from fixed bed depth columns by low cost saline solutions (NaCl 0.5 M). The issued solutions contained high MB concentrations (>3400 mg L-1) permitting a partial recovery of the dye as a solid phase with a purity of 93% that could be reused again in the industrial process. The second step concerns the treatment of the remaining dissolved MB in the desorbed solutions through anodic oxidation process by using bipolar Si/BDD (Boron Doped Diamond) electrodes. The presence of chlorides anions in the desorbed solutions enhances considerably their discoloration and organic carbon removal efficiencies and kinetics and significantly reduces the related consumed energy. The quality of the resulting treated wastewaters allows its possible reuse in the industrial process. Finally, five consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles experiments showed that ATOS could be reused several times for the MB adsorption without significant efficiencies decrease. All these results confirm the validity of our strategy aiming to turn dyes-loaded-lignocellulosic-biomasses from pollution source to values. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Workflows management systems (WfMS) are aimed for designing, scheduling, executing, reusing, and sharing workflows in distributed environments like the Cloud computing. With the emergence of e-science workflows, which are used in different domains like astronomy, life science, and physics, to model and execute vast series of dependents functionalities and a large amount of manipulated data, the workflow management systems are required to provide customizable programming environments to ease the programming effort required by scientists to orchestrate a computational science experiment. A key issue for e-science WfMS is how to deal with the change of the execution environment constraints and the variability and confliction of end users and cloud providers objectives for the execution of the same workflow or sub-workflow. They have to customize their management processes to insure the adaptability of the execution environment to the scientific workflows specificities, especially when dealing with large-scale (data, computing, I/O)-intensive workflows. In this paper, we propose a dynamically re-configurable framework for the deployment of scientific workflows in the Cloud (called DR-SWDF) that allows customizing the workflow deployment process according to a set of objectives and constraints of end users or cloud providers defined differently for the tasks or partitions of the same workflow. The DR-SWDF framework offers a K-means based algorithm that allows dynamically clustering the input workflows or sub-workflows in order to identify the most convenient techniques or algorithms to be applied for their scheduling and deployment in the cloud. The simulations results run on three examples large-scale scientific workflows show that our proposed framework can achieve better results than the use of a generic purpose approach.

International audience; Today, mobile networks are witnessing an exponential growth of traffic volumes, linked to new services, especially for smart cities and smart-grid. The European Celtic-Plus SooGREEN project, started mid 2015, is targeting to reduce the energy consumption of the services in different mobile architectures in interaction with smart-grid. SooGREEN is focused on the services energy consumption modelling and measurement, the dynamic optimization of the mobile access network and of the content delivery, the design of an Energy Efficient Virtualized and Centralized Radio Access Network (RAN), and the bi-directional interaction of the mobile network with the smart-grid. This paper presents insight into the project after its first year, and discusses research trends in green communication networks for the future.

International audience; The present study investigates the alkaline modification of raw orange tree sawdust (ROS) for an optimal removal of methylene blue (MB), as a cationic dye model, from synthetic solutions. The effects of operating parameters, namely, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations, ROS doses in NaOH solutions, stirring times, and initial MB concentrations on dye removal efficiency, were followed in batch mode. The process optimization was performed through the response surface methodology approach (RSM) by using Minitab17 software. The results showed that the order of importance of the followed parameters was NaOH treatment concentrations > stirring times > initial MB concentrations > ROS doses in NaOH solutions. The optimal experimental conditions ensuring the maximal MB removal efficiency was found for a NaOH treatment concentration of 0.14 M, a stirring time of 1 h, a ROS dose in NaOH solutions of 50 g L(-1), and an initial MB concentration of 69.5 mg L(-1). Specific analyses of the raw and alkali-treated biomasses, e.g., SEM/EDS and XRD analyses, demonstrated an important modification of the crystalline structure of the wooden material and a significant increase in its surface basic functional groups. Kinetic and isotherm studies of MB removal from synthetic solutions by ROS and the alkali-treated material (ATOS) showed that for both adsorbents, the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir model fitted the best the experimental data, respectively, which indicates that MB removal might be mainly a chemical and a monolayer process. Furthermore, thanks to the chemical modification of the ROS, the MB maximal uptake capacity has increased from about 39.7 to 78.7 mg g(-1). On the other hand, due to the competition phenomenon, the coexistence of MB and Zn(II) ions could significantly decrease the MB removal efficiency. A maximal decrease of about 32 % was registered for an initial Zn(II) concentration of 140 mg L(-1). Desorption experiments undertaken at natural pH (without adjustment: pH = 6) and with different NaCl concentrations emphasized that the adsorbed MB could be significantly desorbed from both the tested materials, offering their possible reuse as efficient adsorbents. All these results confirmed that NaOH-treated orange tree sawdust could be considered as an efficient, economic, and ecological alternative for the removal of cationic dyes from industrial wastewaters.

The thesis focuses on public investment policy in Tunisia through borrowing. The objective isto study the question of public debt under its triple economic, institutional and financial naturein the case of a colonial economy. The approach followed is based on a three-partchronological plan that reflects the evolution of Tunisia's public investment strategy. The firstpart, which covers the 1920s, is marked by the issuance of a loan issued by tench. Thepriorities of public investment are to finance the construction of a modern economicinfrastructure. Funding for social investment remains largely insufficient. Private capital inTunisia is experiencing some stagnation.The second part concerns the 1930s coinciding with the great economic depression. Thecolonial authorities decided to simplify the methods of indebtedness, which mainly benefitedthe public institutions of Tunisia. A difficult economic decade which affects the volume ofpublic investment by way of borrowing. Private capital is experiencing a sharp decline, hencethe intervention of public credit institutions.The third part runs from 1945 to 1956; A period marked by the adoption of a new economicstrategy based on planning. Colonial authorities in Tunis choose to diversify sources offunding. Due to its construction, this thesis draws up a diagram of the Tunisian economyunder the French protectorate between 1920 and 1956.; La thèse s'intéresse à la politique d'investissement public en Tunisie par la voie d'emprunts.L'objectif recherché est l'étude de la question de l'endettement public sous sa triple natureéconomique, institutionnelle et financière dans le cas d'une économie coloniale.La démarche suivie repose sur un plan en trois parties chronologiques mais qui reflètel'évolution de la stratégie d'investissement public en Tunisie. La première partie, qui couvreles années 1920, est marquée par l'émission d'un emprunt émis par tanches. Les priorités del'investissement public consistent à financer la construction d'une infrastructure économiquemoderne. Les fonds destinés aux investissements sociaux demeurent largement insuffisant.Les capitaux privés engagés en Tunisie connaissent une certaine stagnation.La deuxième partie concerne les années 1930 qui coïncident avec la grande dépressionéconomique. Les autorités coloniales décident de simplifier les modalités d'endettementce qui profite principalement aux institutions publiques de la Tunisie. Une décennie difficilesur la plan économique ce qui affecte le volume des investissements publics par la voied'emprunt. Les capitaux privés connaissent une forte régression d’où l'intervention desinstitutions de crédit publiques.La troisième partie s'étend de 1945 à 1956; une période marquée par l'adoption d'unenouvelle stratégie économique basée sur la planification. Les autorités coloniales à Tunischoisissent de diversifier les sources de financement. De part sa construction, cette thèsedresse un schéma de l'économie tunisienne sous le protectorat français entre 1920 et 1956.

International audience; We perform a market experiment to investigate how prices react to the new information. Specifically, westudy experimentally the impact of expected/unexpected fundamental value shocks in an asset market. Subjects were involved in two consecutive experimental markets, market 1 and market 2, with a constant fundamental value as in Noussairet al.(2001).Market 2is similar to the one studied by Weber and Welfens (2007) in which the fundamental value is stochastic.

Cloud Computing has emerged as a service model that enables on-demand network access to a large number of available virtualized resources and applications with a minimal management effort and a minor price. The spread of Cloud Computing technologies allowed dealing with complex applications such as Scientific Workflows, which consists of a set of intensive computational and data manipulation operations. Cloud Computing helps such Workflows to dynamically provision compute and storage resources necessary for the execution of its tasks thanks to the elasticity asset of these resources. However, the dynamic nature of the Cloud incurs new challenges, as some allocated resources may be overloaded or out of access during the execution of the Workflow. Moreover, for data intensive tasks, the allocation strategy should consider the data placement constraints since data transmission time can increase notably in this case which implicates the increase of the overall completion time and cost of the Workflow. Likewise, for intensive computational tasks, the allocation strategy should consider the type of the allocated virtual machines, more specifically its CPU, memory and network capacities. Yet, a critical challenge is how to efficiently schedule the Workflow tasks on Cloud resources to optimize its overall quality of service. In this paper, we propose a QoSaware algorithm for Scientific Workflows scheduling that aims toimprove the overall quality of service (QoS) by considering the metrics of execution time, data transmission time, cost, resources availability and data placement constraints. We extended the Parallel Cat Swarm Optimization (PCSO) algorithm to implement our proposed approach. We tested our algorithm within two sample Workflows of different scales and we compared the results to those given by the standard PSO, the CSO and the PCSO algorithms. The results show that our proposed algorithm improves the overall quality of service of the tested Workflows.

SSCI-VIDE+CARE:ECI2D+MME:ATR:HKO:CGU:GBE; International audience; The influence of lanthanum on the thermal stability and photocatalytic activity of calcined hydrogenotitanate nanotubes (HNT) was hereinevaluated. HNT samples were prepared through the hydrothermal treatmentof TiO2 P25 in a concentrated NaOH solution (11.25 M) at 130 degrees Cduring 20 h followed by acid washing. La-doped titanates nanotubes(La-HNT) photocatalysts with optimum 1 wt% of La were then elaborated byincipient wetness impregnation method using lanthanum nitrate asprecursor. La HNT and HNT samples were then calcined at temperaturesvarying between 400 degrees C and 700 degrees C. Samples werecharacterized by means of nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms at77K, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, diffuse reflectancespectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM), ICP analysis and photocurrent experiments.The photocatalytic activities of La-HNT and HNT derived nanomaterialswere then evaluated through the photocatalytic degradation of formicacid (FA).Main results reveal that lanthanum inhibits TiO2 crystallite growthand retards anatase transformation into the less active rutile phase.The addition of La ions to TiO2 results in a charge imbalance creating ahigh proportion of oxygen vacancies as evidenced by photocurrent,photoluminescence and Raman experiments.The photocatalytic experiments reveal that La-doped TiO2 helps tomaintain a high photocatalytic activity level even after calcination athigh temperatures contrary to La-free photocatalysts. The determinationof kinetic parameters reveals that the maintaining of a highphotocatalytic activity results from the synergetic effect betweenrestriction of TiO2 crystallite size growth and formation of a highproportion of oxygen vacancies.

International audience; In order to assess the potential use of low-cost materials for dye removal from aqueous solutions, the adsorption of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) onto orange tree sawdust was studied under static mode using raw sawdust (ROS) and chemically modified sawdust (MOS). The effect of several parameters such as contact time, initial dye concentrations, initial pH, adsorbent dose, and temperature were also investigated. Results showed that the adsorption kinetic data of MB onto both materials were well fitted by the second-order model and the equilibrium state was reached after 180 min of contact time. For both ROS and MOS, MB removal efficiency was improved by the increase in the initial aqueous concentrations, adsorbent dose, and aqueous pH. Moreover, MB adsorption data at equilibrium were well fitted by Langmuir model suggesting a probable monolayer adsorption process. The chemical treatment of the orange tree sawdust with sodium hydroxide (1 M) significantly increased the density of sorption sites and lead to the appearance of new functional groups. Therefore, MB removal capacity increased from about 40 mg/g for ROS to 111 mg/g for MOS at an initial pH value 6.0. The thermodynamic study demonstrated that MB adsorption was endothermic for ROS and spontaneous and exothermic for MOS, respectively. Desorption experiments with HNO3 acidic solutions proved that MB was significantly desorbed from the tested adsorbents, which offers a possible reusability. All these findings indicate that alkaline-treated orange tree sawdust could be employed as an efficient low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbent for cationic dye removal from industrial wastewaters. © 2015 Balaban Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.

In a context of ubiquitous mobility, different objects are able to interact with users to provide them with innovative services and help them optimize their travel plans. Indeed, the number of users and the number of service providers requested by these users are actively growing. This growth involves an aspect of competition and requires optimized choices. In this context, the aim of this thesis is to design and optimize a mobility aid system that covers not only transport services but also tourist services, cultural services and many others. The research presented in this thesis proposes the establishment of a Plateforme de Recherche et de composition des Services d'Aide à la Mobilité (PRoSAM) to optimize research, composition and distribution tasks of advanced mobility information. The dynamic and distributed aspects of the problem have led us to adopt an agent-oriented modeling approach to cope with the conditions of a ubiquitous environment. Thanks to a dynamic role switching strategy of user agents and an innovative negotiation protocol, customers are able to exchange services autonomously and to establish full or partial agreements in order to optimize communications over the network. Finally, the simulation results presented in this thesis demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches; Dans un contexte de mobilité ubiquitaire, des différents objets sont capables d'interagir avec les utilisateurs pour leurs fournir des services innovants et les aider à optimiser leurs plans de déplacement. En effet, le nombre des utilisateurs est ainsi que le nombre de fournisseurs de service demandés par ces utilisateurs sont en pleine augmentation. Cette croissance implique un aspect de concurrence et nécessite des choix optimisés. Dans ce cadre, l'objectif de cette thèse est de concevoir et optimiser un système d'aide au déplacement qui couvre non seulement les services de déplacement quotidien mais aussi les services touristiques, culturels et bien d'autres. Les travaux de recherche présentés dans ce manuscrit proposent la mise en place d'une Plateforme de Recherche et de composition des Services d'Aide à la Mobilité (PRoSAM) afin d'optimiser les tâches de recherche, composition et distribution des Informations de Mobilité Avancée (IMA). L'aspect dynamique et distribué du problème, nous a conduit à adopter une modélisation orientée agent afin de s'adapter aux conditions d'un environnement ubiquitaire. Grâce à une approche de changement dynamique des rôles des agents utilisateurs et un protocole de négociation innovant, les clients sont capables d'échanger les services d'une manière autonome et d’établir des accords totaux ou partiels en fonction de l'offre et de la demande. Finalement, les résultats de simulation présentés dans cette thèse démontrent l'efficacité des approches adoptées

Cloud Computing is emerging today as a service model used to relocate locally-based data and applications to virtualized services available via Internet at a lower cost. A key to exploit the benefits of this model is orchestration which consists in coordinating effectively the deployment of a set of virtualized services in order to fulfill operational and quality objectives of end users and Cloud providers. Cloud orchestration can be carried out at two levels: hardware level orchestration and software level orchestration. In this paper, we highlight the main challenging points about the Cloud orchestration concept. Then, we carry on a comparative study of some existing research works involved with this concept at hardware and software levels.

International audience; This work compares the behaviors of TiO 2 nanotube (TNTs) array obtained by anodization of Ti foils in an ethylene glycol/NH 4 F/ water electrolyte with different applied voltages during a constant anodization time, and for the same electrolyte composition. The crystal structure and surface morphology of the annealed anodic fi lms are investigated by X-Ray diffraction system, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The TiO 2 nanotubes obtained at potentials of 20 - 40 - 60V show different inner diameters (42 - 89 - 124nm), tube length (1.2 - 3.3 - 12.7 μ m) and wall thicknesses (12 - 15 - 18nm). The in fl uence of these geometric parameterson the photoelectrochemical properties and the photocatalytic activity were investigated in detail. The results showed that the photocatalytic performances of TNT fi lms are improved when the speci fi c surface, the tube length and the solid fraction are increased, but the increase is slowed down when a limiting thickness of the layer is reached. The surface states which usually show high density in nanostructured layers do not seem to in fl uence signi fi cantly the photocatalytic activity of the layers.

International audience; The Artificial Intelligence entities, capable to communicate with their vicinity, such as PDAs, Smartphones, sensors, robots, software, middleware, etc. are increasingly introduced in our environment. The conventional topography of our everyday space introduces Distributed Artificial Intelligence, Ambient Intelligence and Ubiquitous Computing concepts. For example, when traveling to a new city, information about sights in the city, hotels, or even bus timetable are needed. Thanks to ubiquitous computing, citizens as well as tourists can communicate with their environment and get all these information in real time right to their terminals. In this paper, we present a large package of ubiquitous services that might be requested in a ubiquitous space (in this case, the ubiquitous space is the Grand Stade Lille Métropole) and we have designed a multi-agents architecture which will support these services and optimize their quality as response time and information cost.; Les entités de l'Intelligence Artificielle, communiquantes avec leur entourage, telles que les PDAs, les téléphones, les capteurs, les robots, les logiciels, les middlewares, etc. sont de plus en plus présentes dans notre environnement. La nouvelle topographie de nos espaces quotidiens introduit les notions de l'Intelligence Artificielle Distribuée, l'Intelligence Ambiante et l'Informatique Ubiquitaire. Notre objectif est d'avoir un accès en temps réel, via un support mobile, à différents types d'information issus d'un environnement ubiquitaire, tels que les lieux touristiques et les horaires de bus. Dans ce papier, nous proposons une architecture efficiente d'un système ubiquitaire ciblé basé sur une approche multi-agent. Nous nous focalisons dans notre étude sur le Grand Stade Lille Métropole et les services qui peuvent y être demandés. L'architecture proposée va devoir supporter les services et optimiser leur qualité par rapport au temps de réponse et au coût de l'information.

The role of WO 3 in enhancing the photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 deposits has been investigated through the oxidation of salicylic acid using UV and vis-light irradiation. Different procedures of semiconductor loading and deposition were undertaken: firstly, TiO 2 -Degussa P25 was impregnated with tungstic acid solution and spread on the glass substrate. Secondly, precursor of WO 3 was ammonium paratungstate, mixed with a monomer and spincoated on the glass. Finally, a gel of WO 3 –TiO 2 was synthesized by sol–gel method and spincoated on the glass, TiCl 4 was used as the titanium dioxide precursor and ammonium paratungstate was introduced in the sol before precipitation of TiO 2 . The films obtained were characterized by UV–vis spectrophotometry, X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy in order to better understanding the behavior and the effective role of WO 3 . A red-shift in the absorption edge wavelength was observed for coupled catalysts prepared by the first procedure, the bang gap energy decreased to respectively 2.7 and 2.6 eV for 0.5% and 2.5 wt.% of WO 3 . A tendency to agglomeration and a higher percentage of rutile in the catalysts were observed after WO 3 loading. The photocatalytic activity under visible light increased consequently for catalysts with 2.5 wt.% of WO 3 and variable inhibition was observed for lower loadings, but only a positive effect of WO 3 was observed under UV light. The inhibition of photocatalysis was also observed under visible light for some WO 3 loadings for coupled catalysts prepared by the procedure 2 and a great enhancement was observed at the 0.5 wt % of WO 3 under UV light. Concerning the catalysts prepared by the sol–gel method, a positive effect of the WO 3 introduction was noted: the coverage on the glass was improved, the band gap energy decreased to 2.3 eV with 4 wt.% of WO 3 and the corresponding photocatalytic activity was remarkably enhanced under visible light. A higher photocatalytic activity and a better response to WO 3 introduction was also observed under UV irradiation. The introduction of tungsten precursor before the crystallization of TiO 2 seems to be an appropriate method to ensure good contact and better charge transfer between the two semiconductors. As expected, the photocatalytic performances were generally higher under UV light than under visible light for all the catalysts and 0.5 wt.% WO 3 –TiO 2 was the common optimal loading for the 3 procedures exhibiting the best activity under UV light.

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International audience; The influence of SO(4)(2-) ions on electrodeposition of two allotropic forms of CaCO(3) was studied in artificial underground Tunisian water. The study was performed using electrochemical, gravimetric, and optical methods. Chronoamperometric measurements confirmed the inhibiting effect of SO(4)(2-) ions, especially for concentrations higher than 2 x 10(-2) mol L(-1). The nucleation-growth process was observed by means of an optical microscope positioned behind a transparent electrode. The crystal growth of calcite and vaterite was recorded optically in situ, and image analysis software was used to characterize the instantaneous nucleation process and the growth rate of the crystals. Increased sulfate concentrations were found to modify the calcite morphology, whereas, the crystalline structure evolution of vaterite was found to be independent of the sulfate ion concentration. The use of coupled techniques allowed quantification of the influence of the SO(4)(2-) ions on the crystallization process of CaCO(3).

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The present work compares the efficiencies of titania nanotubes (NT) formed by anodizing of titanium at 20 V for 45 min in three kinds of electrolytes: ethylene glycol–ammonium fluoride–water (NT 1 ), tetrabutylammonium fluoride–formamide–water (NT 2 ) and sodium sulfate–ammonium fluoride–water (NT 3 ). The geometric characteristics were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photoactivities of the three layers were compared through photo-potential, photo-current measurements in an alkaline medium and in the presence of methanol as a hole scavenger. Impedance spectrometry was used for investigation of conduction and charge storage properties of the titania layer. Finally the photocatalytic properties were compared through the degradation rate of an azo dye, such as Amido Black (AB). In comparison to NT 2 and NT 3 , the NT 1 layer showed not only the highest photopotential, but also the highest photocurrent response. Photocatalytic results showed that the degradation of dye proceeds much faster in the presence of NT 1 as compared with other TiO 2 nanotube samples. Nevertheless photoinduced surface states were found to be more important in NT 2 , in comparison with the two other layers. All these results are discussed taking into account the geometric characteristics of the nanotubular layers, not only the specific surface on one hand, but also the solid fraction of the external surface, which determines the level of light absorption able to generate photo-charges.

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International audience; The force of adsorption of a non-toxic inhibitor on iron surface was studied by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). The value of standard free energy of adsorption, as calculated from Freundlich-Langmuir (LF) adsorption, indicates that L(+)ascorbic acid physisorbes on the iron surface at corrosion potential. At cathodic potential, the quantity of energy is more important. So, there is a slightly stronger interaction between inhibitor and iron surface. This behaviour can be explained by that this inhibitor occupies better the cathodic sites. The inhibition efficiency of ascorbic acid was carried out by the fact electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data (EIS). The film adsorbed on the surface is less protective for a long time of immersion.

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The present work reports the immobilization of different photocatalysts generally synthesized in a powder form into a polymer matrix via a photopolymerization process. The obtained materials are more technologically advanced and more easily recoverable and regenerable, avoiding than the usual time-consuming and expensive recycling methods. The targeted photocatalysts materials used in this work are green, stable and low-cost materials such as POMs, MOFs and Perovskites.The synthesized composites were fully characterized by various characterization techniques such as SEM, TEM, EDX, DRX, FIR, ATG / ATD, DMA, AFM, RPE… In addition, several organic pollutants were photodegraded in the presence of these materials including Bisphenol-A, Ibuprofen, Acid Black… The contaminants decomposition kinetics were monitored by UV-Visible spectrometry and the identification of degradation mechanisms was based on mass spectrometry analyzes bibliographic data.The last part of this work was devoted to a comparative study between the photocatalytic efficiencies, the mechanical rigidities, the thermal stabilities as well as the reuse of the various synthesized photocomposites. The difference in efficiency was subsequently explained based on the gap energies and fluorescence intensities of the different developed photocomposites., Le présent travail porte sur l’immobilisation de différents photocatalyseurs généralement synthétisés sous une forme poudreuse dans une matrice polymère via un processus de photopolymérisation. Les matériaux obtenus sont plus aboutis technologiquement et plus facilement récupérables et régénérables ce qui permet d’éviter les méthodes usuelles de recyclage chronophages et coûteuses. Les matériaux ciblés dans le cadre de cette thèse sont des matériaux verts, stables et à faible coût tels que les POMs, les MOFs et les Pérovskites. Les composites synthétisés ont été caractérisés d’une manière complète par diverses techniques de caractérisation telles que le MEB, TEM, EDX, DRX, FIR, ATG/ATD, DMA, AFM, RPE…En outre, plusieurs polluants organiques ont été photodégradé en présence de ces matériaux tels que le Bisphénol-A, l’Ibuprofène, l’Acid Black…Le suivi de cinétique de décomposition a été réalisé par spectrométrie UV-Visible et l’identification des mécanismes de dégradation a été basé sur des analyses de spectrométrie de masse accompagnée d’une recherche bibliographique approfondie. La dernière partie de ces travaux de thèse a été consacrée à une étude comparative entre les efficacités photocatalytique, les rigidités mécaniques, les stabilités thermiques ainsi que les durabilités des différents photocomposites synthétisés. La différence d’efficacité était par la suite expliquée en se basant sur les énergies de gap et les intensités de fluorescence des différents systèmes développés.