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Madelung deformity (MD) comprises an increased volar and ulnar tilt of the joint facet of the distal radius, secondary to an idiopathic physeal dysplasia. Such change causes radial shortening and consequent distal ulnar prominence, along with wrist pain and loss of motion. Surgery becomes an option in patients with severe deformity that do not respond to conservative treatment.The classic surgical techniques are problematic for adults, as they are specific for children and adolescents, whose radial physis is still open. Very few papers discuss the treatment of adult patients; furthermore, most are focused on the distal radioulnar joint, and thus do not approach the origin of the pathology.When analyzing computed tomography scans with tridimensional reconstruction, a feature of MD, growth arrest of the volar and ulnar portions of the distal radius, is noted, causing the typical distal radius deformity that leads to lack of coverage of the lunate bone. That leads to palmar subluxation of the lunate bone and consequent radiocarpal instability.We herein describe the possibilities of treatment in different stages of evolution, summarizing the authors' view on MD.

Resumo Objetivo A clinodactilia é uma deformidade congênita da mão, caracterizada por desvio angular coronal, podendo ocorrer em polegares ou dedos. O tratamento cirúrgico é indicado para angulações severas. Dentre as técnicas descritas, uma das opções consiste no alinhamento ósseo, através de osteotomia em cunha de adição da falange anômala. Essa manobra de alinhamento gera uma dificuldade de cobertura cutânea, juntamente com a tensão das partes moles no lado côncavo da deformidade. Sendo assim, algum tipo de retalho cutâneo é necessário para o fechamento adequado da ferida cirúrgica. Objetivamos demonstrar a técnica citada e avaliar os resultados do retalho bilobado no tratamento das clinodactilias da mão. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo entre janeiro de 2008 e janeiro de 2015. Foram incluídos cinco pacientes no estudo, nove dedos foram submetidos à cirurgia. Tiveram indicação cirúrgica os pacientes com desvios angulares nos dedos acima de 30 graus. Não foram excluídos do estudo os pacientes com deformidades no polegar, nem aqueles com deformidades associadas a síndromes. Foram avaliados os resultados funcionais e estéticos com o uso desta técnica, assim como as complicações e o grau de satisfação dos familiares. Resultados Todos os pacientes apresentaram resultados funcionais e estéticos satisfatórios, com cicatrização cutânea média de 18,6 dias. Entre os nove dedos submetidos à cirurgia, apenas um dos pacientes apresentou comprometimento vascular na porção distal do primeiro lobo do retalho, porém sem necrose ou necessidade de qualquer procedimento adicional. Os pacientes foram acompanhados durante um intervalo mínimo de 12 meses. Nenhuma deformidade ocorreu durante o período de observação. Conclusão O uso do retalho bilobado no tratamento das clinodactilias da mão é uma boa opção para cobertura cutânea após a realização de osteotomia.

Background Synovial cysts (SCs) are the most frequent wrist tumors; the arthroscopic treatment presents good results when surgery is indicated for symptomatic or patients with cosmetic concerns. The tumoral lesion should be arthroscopically decompressed or drained toward the inside of the joint through pedicle opening and resection of a small portion of the capsule. Hence, the cyst pedicle must be found for the success of this technique. Description of Technique Some tricks have already been described to facilitate SC location during arthroscopy. We describe an indirect technique that employs an 18-G needle to enhance SC pedicle location and drainage. The technique involves a puncture on the interval of the carpal extrinsic ligaments where the pedicle is suspected to be remain. When found, cyst is drained with a single-puncture motion of the need which promotes cyst content extravasation due to pressure toward the joint. Patients and Methods This method has been employed in 16 patients, including 9 with dorsal cysts, and seven with volar cysts. Results All patients presented complete recovery and symptom improvement in up to 30 days, with total disappearance of the cyst. There were no relapses or severe complications within the 12-month follow-up. Conclusion This is a safe, useful technique that facilitates location of intra-articular cyst pedicle, thus avoiding unnecessary damage in healthy tissues with no increased costs.

The scaphoid is the carpal bone that most often fractures, accounting for up to 70% of carpal fractures and 11% of hand fractures. It is the second most common arm fracture, only surpassed by fractures of the distal radius. Despite being so common, these fractures can be difficult to diagnose and treat due to the anatomic and physiological particularities of the bone, including its precarious vascularization, its complex three-dimensional structure, and its ligament connections, which greatly contribute to the risk of complications such as malunion, pseudoarthrosis and avascular necrosis. Although there are many published studies on the treatment of these injuries, there is still controversy over what is the most suitable one for certain fracture types. The present article is a comprehensive and updated review of the literature. Combining strategies for clinical and radiological diagnosis, we propose a complete algorithm for the diagnosis of scaphoid fractures based on the varying availability of resources, and we also describe the most appropriate therapeutic approach for the different types of acute fractures of this bone.

Despite being the second most common osteoarthritis of the wrist, little is known about scaphotrapeziotrapezoid osteoarthritis. Not all patients with this type of osteoarthritis have symptoms, and, even in those symptomatic patients, the intensity of the complaint is not proportional to the severity of the degeneration. In symptomatic patients, when the conservative treatment fails, grading classifications to help define the surgical treatment are solely based on the joint characteristics, and fail to assess the rest of the carpus.In general, most carpal degenerative processes show the same evolution pattern, which varies according to the initial injury, along with the type of deformity and the inherent instabilities. Thus, we hypothesize that the degenerative evolution due to primary osteoarthritis of the scaphotrapeziotrapezoid joint also follows a logical evolutionary sequence, similar to the one that occurs in cases of scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC), scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC), scaphoid malunion advanced collapse (SMAC), and scaphoid chondrocalcinosis advanced collapse (SCAC), thus resulting in scaphotrapeziotrapezoid osteoarthritis advanced collapse (SOAC). We have divided the SOAC into three groups, and considered that their treatment shall be guided by the evolutionary stage of the disease, and not by the surgeon's preferred technique.

Resumo Objetivo Descrever a técnica e os resultados da artroscopia no tratamento cirúrgico dos cistos sinoviais volares no punho. Materiais e Métodos Foram incluídos e analisados neste trabalho 21 pacientes submetidos a artroscopia para o tratamento de cisto sinovial volar no punho, no período entre janeiro de 2015 e maio de 2017, com avaliação completa e mínima de 6 meses. A técnica descrita foi indicada para os pacientes com dor e incapacidade funcional com duração de mais de quatro meses, sem melhora com o tratamento conservador, ou para aqueles com queixas estéticas e que apresentavam o cisto havia mais de três meses. Resultados A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 43,6 anos, sendo 16 (76%) do sexo feminino, e 5 (24%) do masculino. O tempo de seguimento médio entre a cirurgia e a avaliação final foi de 10,9 meses. Um total de 2 (9,6%) pacientes apresentaram dor leve e uma restrição da mobilidade no pós-operatório. Nos 18 (90,4%) pacientes restantes, houve melhora das queixas estéticas, recuperação funcional completa, e melhora completa da dor. Não houve recidivas ou infecções. Nenhum paciente necessitou ser submetido a nova cirurgia. Conclusões A ressecção artroscópica do cisto sinovial volar mostrou-se uma técnica útil e segura. É um procedimento minimamente invasivo, com baixa morbidade e poucas complicações, sendo uma boa alternativa à técnica aberta.

Background Posterior dislocation of the elbow associated to a radial shaft fracture is a rare lesion, its treatment is difficult and complicated, and the indications, surgical options, and timing of surgery may vary. In the present case, we performed immediately after the trauma (urgent care) an open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) surgery of the radial fracture by means of a 3.5 mm locking plate, associated to closed elbow reduction and stabilization with dynamic bracing. Case Report A 26-year-old woman was seen in our service with a traumatic deformity of her right, dominant forearm and elbow after a fall from a balance board and presented with a radial shaft fracture and posterior elbow dislocation. The palmar approach was used and the shaft fracture was fixated. During the radial fracture reduction maneuver, the dislocation of the elbow was spontaneously reduced. At 1 year postoperatively, the patient showed good wrist, forearm, and elbow range of motion (ROM). Disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score of 5, visual analogue scale (VAS) of 0, and grip strength of 92%, as compared with the nonaffected side. Clinical Relevance Nowadays, case reports of concomitant, ipsilateral multiple injuries that uncommonly occur together in a single traumatic episode are very rare. The awareness of this association for early recognition is of paramount significance for ideal clinical results.