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PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the different MRI diagnoses in the early and late post-operative period after renal transplantation with dysfunctional allograft. MATERIALS AND METHODS Due to unknown transplant dysfunction, 49 patients (30-male, 19 female) received a total of 74 MRI studies. According to the date of examination all MRI studies were divided in an early ( 60 days, LTP). All MRI studies were performed on 1.5 T MRI systems using a standardised imaging protocol consisting of a morphological (pre- and post-contrast enhanced T (1)- and T (2)-weighted TSE sequences), a vascular (contrast-enhanced 3D MRA) and a urographical part (Flash 3D sequences). Frequencies of diagnoses in ETP and LTP, and diagnoses within each transplant time period were analysed. RESULTS 44/74 MRI studies were performed in ETP, 30/74 in LTP. In total 80 diagnoses were obtained: Renal artery stenosis (ETP, n = 21; LTP, n = 5), renal vein stenosis (ETP, n = 2), renal vein thrombosis (ETP, n = 2), renal perfusion defect (ETP, n = 11), rejection (ETP, n = 1; LTP, n = 2), abscess (ETP, n = 1), urinary outflow obstruction (LTP, n = 4), without MRI pathology (ETP, n = 11; LTP, n = 20). Renal artery stenosis was the most prevalent diagnosis in ETP, and a more frequent finding in ETP compared to LTP (p < 0.05). Renal perfusion defects were more frequent in ETP than in LTP (p < 0.05). In the ETP vascular diseases (34/49 diagnoses) were more frequent (p < 0.05) than uropathological diseases (0/49 diagnoses). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that vascular diseases are a more frequent occurrence in the early post-operative course after renal transplantation than uropathological diseases. However, a transplant follow-up MRI study needs to contain a morphological, vascular and functional imaging part to answer combined clinical questions.

BACKGROUND: The antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APLS) is characterised by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in association with thrombotic disorders of the arterial and/or venous system, spontaneous abortion and thrombocytopenia. Several studies have shown that end-stage renal disease patients with APLS are at extremely high risk for graft thrombosis and graft loss after kidney transplantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We report on the treatment and clinical courses of 6 APLS renal transplant patients. RESULTS: Of 3 patients treated with low-dose subcutaneous heparin two had early graft loss due to venous graft thrombosis; of those patients treated by systemic heparin (PTT goal 45 - 55 s) and followed by coumadin (INR 2,5 - 3,0) only one had early graft loss whereas 2 grafts are doing well 2 years post-transplant. CONCLUSION: Our experience as well as recently published data suggest that kidney transplantation can be performed successfully in APLS patients if anticoagulation therapy is performed consistently. A general APL antibody screening prior to kidney transplantation does not seem to be justified at present. A prospective, randomised multicenter study is warranted to evaluate the management of these patients with respect to intensity, type and duration of anticoagulation therapy.