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Objective: Analysis of detailed renal sonographic findings in the patients whom referred to our tertiary center with the diagnosis of renal pelvic dilatation (RPD) after 24 weeks of gestation. Method: The study group consisted of the patients who have referred by their doctors to our perinatology center with a diagnosis of pelviectasy. Maternal age, gestational week, right and left renal pelvis diameter, bladder diameter, amniotic fluid index, other sonographic findings and antenatal diagnosis were analysed. Results: Bilateral hydronephrosis were detected in 19 (44.18%) patients. Unilateral left hydronephrosis were found in 10 (23.25%) patients while right hydronephrosis were found in 6 (13.95%) patients. Mearn left renal pelvis diameter was 11.20 (4-32) mm and mean right renal pelvis diameter was 7.89 (4-18) mm. Antenatal diagnosis was vesicoureteral reflux in 16 (37.20%) patients, ureteropelvic junction obstruction in 9 (20.93%) patients, posterior urethral valves in 5 (11.62%) patients. The antetanal diagnosis was renal agenesia in one patient, renal cortikal cyst in one patient, policyctic renal disease in one patients and multiple dysplastic renal disease in 3 patients. Conclusion: When RPD is detected in the fetal ultrasound of during pregnancy, directing the patients to the perinatal centers for advanced evaluation is important, since it can prevent the progressive renal damage that may develop in the later years of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ectopic kidneys, with a prevalence of 1/1000-4000, often manifest in the pelvic region, can be complicated with problems such as ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction. This video article presents a case of open pyeloplasty in a 15-month-old infant with a pelvic kidney, emphasizing technical details for educational purposes. The patient was prenatally diagnosed with pelvic kidney hydronephrosis at 22 weeks of gestation, progressing to grade 4 postnatally. MAG-3 scintigraphy confirmed UPJ obstruction, warranting open pyeloplasty. A Pfannenstiel incision provided access to the Retzius space. The ureter was dissected, revealing the adhered renal pelvis. Stay sutures facilitated dissection, and 5/0 polyglactin sutures were strategically placed due to anatomical anomalies. Ureteropelvic anastomosis was performed using 6/0 PDS sutures. A 3-Fr Double J catheter preceded the closure of the renal pelvis. The procedure was concluded with meticulous layer closure. The operation lasted for 50 min, with minimal blood loss (10 mL). Drain was removed on postoperative day 2, and the patient was discharged. Ureteral stent was removed at 4 weeks. A 3-month follow-up ultrasound revealed a notable reduction in hydronephrosis, with an anteroposterior diameter of 6 mm. This video article elucidates the nuances of open pyeloplasty in pelvic kidneys and serves as a valuable resource for residents and fellows. The concise procedure, with a brief operative time and minimal blood loss, indicates the efficacy of the surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This prospective study was designed to detect the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in refining the diagnosis of suspected fetal renal anomalies detected during screening sonography. Material and Methods: 54 pregnant women, with suspected fetal renal anomalies detected during routine ultrasound screening, were rescanned by MRI to refine the diagnosis of the suspected renal anomalies. The pregnancy outcome was examined externally and by postnatal ultrasonography. Results: Fifty-four cases of suspected renal anomalies detected during screening sonography of 8400 pregnant women (0.6%), were rescanned by MRI in this study. The MRI gave a similar diagnosis to postnatal ultrasound in 46 cases (16 cases of hydronephrosis, 14 cases of Polycystic Kidney Disease (PCKD), 9 cases of Multicystic Kidney Disease (MCKD), 2 cases of Renal Agensis (RA), 3 cases of single renal cyst and 2 cases of megacystis+hydroureter), while it gave a different diagnosis (false positive) in 6 cases (4 cases of hydronephrosis diagnosed by MRI confirmed to be PCKD by postnatal ultrasound, also, 1 case of MCKD diagnosed by MRI confirmed to be hydronephrosis by postnatal ultrasound and 1 case of RA diagnosed by MRI confirmed to be normal by postnatal ultrasound). The prenatal ultrasound gave a similar diagnosis to postnatal ultrasound in 43 cases (14 cases of hydronephrosis, 13 case of PCKD, 9 cases of MCKD, 2 cases of RA, 3 cases of single renal cyst and 2 case of megacystis+hydroureter), while it gave a different diagnosis (false positive) in 9 cases; 4 cases of hydronephrosis diagnosed by prenatal sonography confirmed to be PCKD by postnatal ultrasound, one case of PCKD+one case of MCKD, and one case of megacystis+hydroureter confirmed to be hydronephrosis by postnatal ultrasound, while one case of MCKD diagnosed by prenatal sonography was confirmed to be PCKD by postnatal ultrasound and one case of RA diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound was confirmed to be normal by postnatal ultrasound. Conclusion: The MRI can be used as a complementary adjunctive modality with excellent tissue contrast, especially in equivocal cases or inconclusive sonographic findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Although the etiology of ectopic neurohypophysis that leads to pituitary hormone deficiencies is not yet clearly understood, birth trauma or genetic factors have been considered responsible. Concurrent cranial and extracranial congenital anomalies have been reported in such cases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of renal anomalies in nonsyndromic cases with ectopic neurohypophysis. Methods: We retrospectivelyevaluated the medical records of 20 patients with ectopic neurohypophysis who were followed up between January 1990 and December 2007 in a tertiary University Hospital. Results: Renal anomalies were identified in three (15%) cases including unilateral renal agenesis in one case, renal hypoplasia in one case, and double collecting system and unilateral renal agenesis in one case. Conclusions: In the present study, the increased frequency of renal anomalies in cases of ectopic neurohypophysis was highlighted, and it was emphasized that there might be common genetic factors that lead to such associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]